導語：露(lu)天(tian)煤(mei)礦非工作(zuo)幫煤(mei)炭資(zi)源開采的實踐一文來源于(yu)網友上傳(chuan)，不代表本站觀點，若需要原創文章可咨詢客(ke)服老師，歡迎參考。

摘要：為了提高石頭梅一號露天煤礦非工作幫煤炭資源回采率、保障邊坡穩定性，基于對采場補充勘查和非工作幫邊坡穩定性分析研究，探討了非工作幫煤炭資源開采措施。結果表(biao)明(ming)：通過采取(qu)削幫回采掛(gua)幫煤(mei)(mei)和內排壓幫等措施，可消除(chu)邊坡(po)掛(gua)幫煤(mei)(mei)炭自(zi)燃的火災事故隱患(huan)、增強(qiang)邊坡(po)穩定(ding)性、提高煤(mei)(mei)炭資源回采率、降低投資成本(ben)、提高安全經濟效益。

關鍵詞：非工作幫；掛幫煤；削幫減重(zhong)；內排壓幫；剝采比

石(shi)頭梅(mei)一(yi)號露天煤(mei)(mei)礦地(di)表(biao)境界面積27．47km2，設計(ji)(ji)生產(chan)規模(mo)5．0Mt/a，服務(wu)年(nian)限187．2年(nian)。剝(bo)離采(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)用單斗(dou)-卡(ka)車開采(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)工藝，采(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)煤(mei)(mei)工藝為(wei)單斗(dou)-卡(ka)車＋半移(yi)動破(po)碎站半連(lian)續工藝。煤(mei)(mei)礦建設期，首采(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)區南側非(fei)(fei)工作幫(bang)(bang)(bang)出現掛幫(bang)(bang)(bang)煤(mei)(mei)，依據采(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)場(chang)補充勘查成果確(que)定(ding)了掛幫(bang)(bang)(bang)煤(mei)(mei)范圍。考慮掛幫(bang)(bang)(bang)煤(mei)(mei)長期暴(bao)露氧化將會引(yin)發煤(mei)(mei)炭自(zi)燃火災事(shi)故，進(jin)(jin)(jin)而(er)影(ying)響邊坡(po)(po)穩定(ding)，甚至導致邊坡(po)(po)片幫(bang)(bang)(bang)、坍塌(ta)、滑坡(po)(po)等事(shi)故[1-2]。在開采(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)初期進(jin)(jin)(jin)行(xing)非(fei)(fei)工作幫(bang)(bang)(bang)邊坡(po)(po)穩定(ding)性分析(xi)，設計(ji)(ji)非(fei)(fei)工作幫(bang)(bang)(bang)邊坡(po)(po)角24°，在確(que)保安全的條(tiao)(tiao)件下，進(jin)(jin)(jin)行(xing)＋750m水(shui)平以(yi)上臺階(jie)削幫(bang)(bang)(bang)并(bing)回采(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)掛幫(bang)(bang)(bang)煤(mei)(mei)。后期隨著采(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)剝(bo)工程逐步推進(jin)(jin)(jin)，把＋750m水(shui)平以(yi)下原設計(ji)(ji)位置(zhi)的掛幫(bang)(bang)(bang)煤(mei)(mei)開采(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)納(na)入月度采(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)剝(bo)計(ji)(ji)劃(hua)，在采(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)剝(bo)作業的同時開采(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)掛幫(bang)(bang)(bang)煤(mei)(mei)，并(bing)釋(shi)放出內排(pai)空間，當具(ju)備內排(pai)條(tiao)(tiao)件及時進(jin)(jin)(jin)行(xing)內排(pai)壓幫(bang)(bang)(bang)。從而(er)實(shi)現回采(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)非(fei)(fei)工作幫(bang)(bang)(bang)掛幫(bang)(bang)(bang)煤(mei)(mei)炭資源(yuan)的同時，增強邊坡(po)(po)穩定(ding)性，消除(chu)煤(mei)(mei)炭自(zi)燃安全隱患，提高煤(mei)(mei)礦安全經濟效益。

1工程地質概況

石(shi)頭(tou)梅一(yi)號(hao)露(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)天煤(mei)(mei)礦首(shou)采(cai)(cai)(cai)區非(fei)(fei)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)幫(bang)(bang)(bang)邊坡(po)(po)(po)上(shang)部(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)為(wei)(wei)第四(si)系松散層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)和新近(jin)系地(di)(di)(di)層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)，為(wei)(wei)水平(ping)(ping)(ping)或近(jin)水平(ping)(ping)(ping)地(di)(di)(di)層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)。邊坡(po)(po)(po)下部(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)為(wei)(wei)侏羅系地(di)(di)(di)層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)，邊坡(po)(po)(po)傾(qing)向(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)與(yu)(yu)地(di)(di)(di)層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)傾(qing)向(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)一(yi)致，為(wei)(wei)順層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)邊幫(bang)(bang)(bang)。揭(jie)露(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)煤(mei)(mei)層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)、地(di)(di)(di)層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)與(yu)(yu)原勘(kan)查(cha)(cha)報告(gao)差(cha)異(yi)較(jiao)大，勘(kan)查(cha)(cha)報告(gao)傾(qing)角為(wei)(wei)30°～45°，實際傾(qing)角為(wei)(wei)30°～90°，甚(shen)至局部(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)存(cun)(cun)在(zai)倒(dao)轉(zhuan)。非(fei)(fei)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)幫(bang)(bang)(bang)邊坡(po)(po)(po)屬于巖(yan)質結(jie)構(gou)邊坡(po)(po)(po)，巖(yan)石(shi)類型以(yi)(yi)(yi)層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)狀(zhuang)的(de)(de)泥巖(yan)、粉砂巖(yan)、砂巖(yan)、砂礫(li)巖(yan)和煤(mei)(mei)層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)為(wei)(wei)主。整體為(wei)(wei)層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)狀(zhuang)順向(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)結(jie)構(gou)，自(zi)東(dong)(dong)向(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)西巖(yan)層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)傾(qing)角逐漸(jian)變陡(dou)（傾(qing)角自(zi)東(dong)(dong)向(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)西為(wei)(wei)32°～51°），巖(yan)體軟(ruan)弱相間，存(cun)(cun)在(zai)宏(hong)觀的(de)(de)軟(ruan)弱結(jie)構(gou)面(mian)，東(dong)(dong)側(ce)變形(xing)破壞模(mo)式主要以(yi)(yi)(yi)層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)狀(zhuang)滑塌(ta)為(wei)(wei)主，西側(ce)以(yi)(yi)(yi)傾(qing)倒(dao)式變形(xing)為(wei)(wei)主。邊坡(po)(po)(po)物質組成(cheng)(cheng)復雜、結(jie)構(gou)分布的(de)(de)不(bu)規則。首(shou)采(cai)(cai)(cai)區非(fei)(fei)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)幫(bang)(bang)(bang)地(di)(di)(di)表標(biao)(biao)高(gao)(gao)＋820m，深部(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)標(biao)(biao)高(gao)(gao)＋765m，垂直深度約55m，首(shou)采(cai)(cai)(cai)區露(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)煤(mei)(mei)標(biao)(biao)高(gao)(gao)＋785m，采(cai)(cai)(cai)場非(fei)(fei)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)幫(bang)(bang)(bang)東(dong)(dong)南(nan)(nan)、西南(nan)(nan)側(ce)到界(jie)＋770平(ping)(ping)(ping)盤(pan)局部(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)形(xing)成(cheng)(cheng)了(le)煤(mei)(mei)臺階。隨采(cai)(cai)(cai)剝施工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)繼續推(tui)進(jin)，采(cai)(cai)(cai)場深部(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)標(biao)(biao)高(gao)(gao)＋720m，垂直深度約100m，采(cai)(cai)(cai)煤(mei)(mei)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)面(mian)標(biao)(biao)高(gao)(gao)＋730m，采(cai)(cai)(cai)場非(fei)(fei)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)幫(bang)(bang)(bang)東(dong)(dong)南(nan)(nan)側(ce)＋770～＋750平(ping)(ping)(ping)盤(pan)局部(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)形(xing)成(cheng)(cheng)了(le)煤(mei)(mei)臺階，西南(nan)(nan)側(ce)＋770～＋730平(ping)(ping)(ping)盤(pan)局部(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)形(xing)成(cheng)(cheng)了(le)煤(mei)(mei)臺階，非(fei)(fei)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)幫(bang)(bang)(bang)存(cun)(cun)在(zai)掛(gua)幫(bang)(bang)(bang)煤(mei)(mei)現象(xiang)，同時(shi)采(cai)(cai)(cai)場非(fei)(fei)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)幫(bang)(bang)(bang)上(shang)部(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)臺階出(chu)現不(bu)同程(cheng)(cheng)度的(de)(de)裂隙發育與(yu)(yu)沉降。遵照DZ/T0215—2002煤(mei)(mei)、泥炭(tan)地(di)(di)(di)質勘(kan)查(cha)(cha)規范(fan)要求，充分利用(yong)已(yi)有勘(kan)查(cha)(cha)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)，以(yi)(yi)(yi)首(shou)采(cai)(cai)(cai)區剝離出(chu)的(de)(de)煤(mei)(mei)層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)露(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)頭(tou)為(wei)(wei)基準(zhun)，向(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)東(dong)(dong)以(yi)(yi)(yi)70～140m間距新布設勘(kan)查(cha)(cha)線(xian)7條。以(yi)(yi)(yi)淺(qian)部(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)煤(mei)(mei)層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)露(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)頭(tou)線(xian)為(wei)(wei)準(zhun)，自(zi)南(nan)(nan)向(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)北依次布設鉆(zhan)孔(kong)(kong)，對煤(mei)(mei)層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)露(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)頭(tou)及(ji)等高(gao)(gao)線(xian)進(jin)行加(jia)密控(kong)(kong)制。在(zai)原601線(xian)、L1、L2線(xian)剖面(mian)上(shang)淺(qian)部(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)布設5個鉆(zhan)孔(kong)(kong)，對淺(qian)部(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)煤(mei)(mei)層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)露(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)頭(tou)進(jin)行控(kong)(kong)制。詳細查(cha)(cha)明勘(kan)查(cha)(cha)區內地(di)(di)(di)層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)、構(gou)造、煤(mei)(mei)層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)、煤(mei)(mei)質、工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)地(di)(di)(di)質條件等特征。勘(kan)查(cha)(cha)區內煤(mei)(mei)層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)露(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)頭(tou)已(yi)揭(jie)露(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)，采(cai)(cai)(cai)用(yong)鉆(zhan)探、測(ce)井(jing)、樣品采(cai)(cai)(cai)集與(yu)(yu)測(ce)試(shi)等。通過采(cai)(cai)(cai)坑揭(jie)露(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)情況及(ji)已(yi)施工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)鉆(zhan)孔(kong)(kong)成(cheng)(cheng)果研究(jiu)分析，通過采(cai)(cai)(cai)場揭(jie)露(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)現狀(zhuang)及(ji)補充勘(kan)查(cha)(cha)研究(jiu)分析，延地(di)(di)(di)層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)傾(qing)向(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)煤(mei)(mei)層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)露(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)頭(tou)較(jiao)陡(dou)深部(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)較(jiao)緩。599線(xian)淺(qian)部(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)煤(mei)(mei)層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)露(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)頭(tou)南(nan)(nan)傾(qing)，呈倒(dao)轉(zhuan)現象(xiang)，沿地(di)(di)(di)層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)走向(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)，由西向(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)東(dong)(dong)地(di)(di)(di)層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)由倒(dao)轉(zhuan)變為(wei)(wei)直立，逐漸(jian)回歸正常。勘(kan)查(cha)(cha)區控(kong)(kong)制9－1號(hao)煤(mei)(mei)層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)厚度有一(yi)定(ding)的(de)(de)變化，但規律性較(jiao)明顯，煤(mei)(mei)層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)穩(wen)定(ding)程(cheng)(cheng)度確定(ding)為(wei)(wei)較(jiao)穩(wen)定(ding)型。

2影響因素及技術措施

2．1開采邊坡角(jiao)

沿采(cai)場(chang)非(fei)工(gong)作(zuo)幫(bang)(bang)邊(bian)(bian)坡(po)(po)(po)選擇5條(tiao)剖面(mian)(mian)來(lai)進行邊(bian)(bian)坡(po)(po)(po)穩定(ding)性(xing)(xing)的(de)(de)(de)(de)分(fen)(fen)析(xi)計(ji)(ji)算(suan)。根據調(diao)查分(fen)(fen)析(xi)，采(cai)場(chang)非(fei)工(gong)作(zuo)幫(bang)(bang)邊(bian)(bian)坡(po)(po)(po)最可能的(de)(de)(de)(de)破(po)(po)壞(huai)方式(shi)主要有(you)2種：①沿著泥(ni)巖發(fa)生(sheng)整體(ti)(ti)破(po)(po)壞(huai)，將該潛在破(po)(po)壞(huai)面(mian)(mian)定(ding)為推測泥(ni)巖滑面(mian)(mian)進行穩定(ding)性(xing)(xing)計(ji)(ji)算(suan)；②邊(bian)(bian)坡(po)(po)(po)下部(bu)(bu)(bu)結(jie)構(gou)(gou)面(mian)(mian)發(fa)生(sheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)局部(bu)(bu)(bu)破(po)(po)壞(huai)。通過將外部(bu)(bu)(bu)CAD軟(ruan)(ruan)件(jian)中(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)模(mo)型圖導(dao)入Udec軟(ruan)(ruan)件(jian)進行建模(mo)。數(shu)值(zhi)模(mo)擬的(de)(de)(de)(de)模(mo)型選用1－1’、3－3’、5－5’、7－7’及(ji)(ji)9－9’工(gong)程(cheng)地(di)(di)質(zhi)剖面(mian)(mian)圖，分(fen)(fen)別建立開挖前和開挖后的(de)(de)(de)(de)模(mo)型。數(shu)值(zhi)模(mo)擬中(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)節理裂(lie)隙采(cai)用“Jset”命令來(lai)生(sheng)成。根據現場(chang)調(diao)查和數(shu)值(zhi)模(mo)擬工(gong)程(cheng)地(di)(di)質(zhi)剖面(mian)(mian)計(ji)(ji)算(suan)結(jie)果及(ji)(ji)分(fen)(fen)析(xi)，隨采(cai)場(chang)深(shen)度(du)逐(zhu)漸增加，采(cai)場(chang)邊(bian)(bian)坡(po)(po)(po)的(de)(de)(de)(de)穩定(ding)性(xing)(xing)逐(zhu)步降低，其(qi)中(zhong)采(cai)場(chang)非(fei)工(gong)作(zuo)幫(bang)(bang)東側掛幫(bang)(bang)煤體(ti)(ti)易發(fa)生(sheng)沿結(jie)構(gou)(gou)面(mian)(mian)切割的(de)(de)(de)(de)楔形體(ti)(ti)滑動，非(fei)工(gong)作(zuo)幫(bang)(bang)西(xi)側掛幫(bang)(bang)煤體(ti)(ti)上方巖體(ti)(ti)易發(fa)生(sheng)局部(bu)(bu)(bu)傾倒(dao)變形[3]。根據補充勘探成果，結(jie)合采(cai)場(chang)實(shi)際揭露(lu)情況，經大量(liang)試(shi)算(suan)，選取(qu)3－3’工(gong)程(cheng)地(di)(di)質(zhi)剖面(mian)(mian)圖，建立坡(po)(po)(po)度(du)為19°～24°的(de)(de)(de)(de)模(mo)型。選取(qu)7－7’工(gong)程(cheng)地(di)(di)質(zhi)剖面(mian)(mian)圖，建立非(fei)工(gong)作(zuo)幫(bang)(bang)邊(bian)(bian)坡(po)(po)(po)坡(po)(po)(po)度(du)模(mo)型，進行數(shu)值(zhi)模(mo)擬研究，非(fei)工(gong)作(zuo)幫(bang)(bang)整體(ti)(ti)邊(bian)(bian)坡(po)(po)(po)角以露(lu)天礦(kuang)深(shen)部(bu)(bu)(bu)境界(jie)為界(jie)向上反形成邊(bian)(bian)坡(po)(po)(po)角24°，邊(bian)(bian)坡(po)(po)(po)安全系數(shu)為1．24～1．44，邊(bian)(bian)坡(po)(po)(po)穩定(ding)性(xing)(xing)較好。可最大限(xian)度(du)回采(cai)掛幫(bang)(bang)煤炭資源，剝(bo)采(cai)比遠小于經濟合理剝(bo)采(cai)比。

2．2開采范圍

采(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)用3Dmine軟(ruan)件依據已探(tan)明的煤(mei)層頂底板(ban)建(jian)(jian)立首(shou)采(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)區煤(mei)層模(mo)(mo)型，建(jian)(jian)立非(fei)工(gong)(gong)作(zuo)幫(bang)原(yuan)設計(ji)模(mo)(mo)型、非(fei)工(gong)(gong)作(zuo)幫(bang)掛(gua)幫(bang)煤(mei)開采(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)后設計(ji)模(mo)(mo)型和非(fei)工(gong)(gong)作(zuo)幫(bang)內排壓幫(bang)后設計(ji)模(mo)(mo)型[4]。非(fei)工(gong)(gong)作(zuo)幫(bang)掛(gua)幫(bang)煤(mei)開采(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)前后對(dui)照剖面(mian)如圖1。＋71010臺(tai)階上部為設計(ji)采(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)剝(bo)(bo)位(wei)置，＋710、＋680臺(tai)階為設計(ji)采(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)剝(bo)(bo)后內排剝(bo)(bo)離(li)物形成的壓幫(bang)臺(tai)階。采(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)場非(fei)工(gong)(gong)作(zuo)幫(bang)地表至(zhi)＋750m水(shui)平為削幫(bang)減重區域，＋710、＋680臺(tai)階為內排壓幫(bang)區域。計(ji)算得：削幫(bang)工(gong)(gong)程量(liang)111萬m3；可開采(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)煤(mei)量(liang)35萬t；內排壓幫(bang)工(gong)(gong)程量(liang)130萬m3；剝(bo)(bo)采(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)比(bi)3．2m/t，小于本礦經濟合理剝(bo)(bo)采(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)比(bi)8．5m/t。

2．3削幫減重

采場非(fei)工(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)幫(bang)邊(bian)(bian)坡(po)屬于巖(yan)(yan)(yan)質(zhi)結構邊(bian)(bian)坡(po)，巖(yan)(yan)(yan)石類型以(yi)(yi)層(ceng)(ceng)狀的泥巖(yan)(yan)(yan)、粉(fen)砂巖(yan)(yan)(yan)、砂巖(yan)(yan)(yan)、砂礫(li)巖(yan)(yan)(yan)和(he)煤(mei)層(ceng)(ceng)為(wei)(wei)(wei)主。整(zheng)體為(wei)(wei)(wei)層(ceng)(ceng)狀順向(xiang)(xiang)結構，自東(dong)(dong)(dong)向(xiang)(xiang)西(xi)巖(yan)(yan)(yan)層(ceng)(ceng)傾(qing)角(jiao)逐漸變陡(dou)，局部巖(yan)(yan)(yan)層(ceng)(ceng)傾(qing)角(jiao)達到(dao)90°甚至存在(zai)倒(dao)轉。巖(yan)(yan)(yan)體軟弱相(xiang)間，存在(zai)宏觀的軟弱結構面，東(dong)(dong)(dong)側(ce)變形破(po)壞模(mo)式主要以(yi)(yi)層(ceng)(ceng)狀滑(hua)塌為(wei)(wei)(wei)主；西(xi)側(ce)以(yi)(yi)傾(qing)倒(dao)式變形為(wei)(wei)(wei)主。邊(bian)(bian)坡(po)物(wu)質(zhi)組(zu)成復雜、結構分(fen)(fen)布的不(bu)規則，非(fei)工(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)幫(bang)邊(bian)(bian)坡(po)易發(fa)生變形滑(hua)坡(po)[5-6]。因采場非(fei)工(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)幫(bang)削(xue)幫(bang)作(zuo)(zuo)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)空(kong)間有限，為(wei)(wei)(wei)確(que)保(bao)邊(bian)(bian)坡(po)的穩定(ding)，需加快削(xue)幫(bang)作(zuo)(zuo)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)速度(du)，將削(xue)幫(bang)工(gong)(gong)(gong)程劃分(fen)(fen)為(wei)(wei)(wei)3個作(zuo)(zuo)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)區(qu)(qu)：①第(di)1作(zuo)(zuo)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)區(qu)(qu)從采場東(dong)(dong)(dong)南角(jiao)地(di)(di)表由(you)東(dong)(dong)(dong)向(xiang)(xiang)西(xi)剝離(li)推進，承(cheng)擔(dan)(dan)地(di)(di)表～＋800m水(shui)(shui)平以(yi)(yi)上(shang)巖(yan)(yan)(yan)層(ceng)(ceng)采裝，外運(yun)至外排土(tu)場；②第(di)2作(zuo)(zuo)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)區(qu)(qu)從非(fei)工(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)幫(bang)＋770平盤(pan)中部向(xiang)(xiang)東(dong)(dong)(dong)剝離(li)推進，與第(di)1作(zuo)(zuo)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)區(qu)(qu)同時開(kai)工(gong)(gong)(gong)，承(cheng)擔(dan)(dan)＋770～＋750m水(shui)(shui)平以(yi)(yi)上(shang)巖(yan)(yan)(yan)層(ceng)(ceng)采裝，外運(yun)至外排土(tu)場，同時回采＋770～＋750m水(shui)(shui)平邊(bian)(bian)坡(po)掛幫(bang)煤(mei)；③第(di)3作(zuo)(zuo)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)區(qu)(qu)從東(dong)(dong)(dong)幫(bang)＋800平盤(pan)剝離(li)推進，在(zai)第(di)1作(zuo)(zuo)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)區(qu)(qu)向(xiang)(xiang)西(xi)推進150m時，第(di)3作(zuo)(zuo)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)區(qu)(qu)開(kai)始作(zuo)(zuo)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)，承(cheng)擔(dan)(dan)＋800～＋770m水(shui)(shui)平以(yi)(yi)上(shang)巖(yan)(yan)(yan)層(ceng)(ceng)采裝，剝離(li)物(wu)外運(yun)至外排土(tu)場。

2．4回采(cai)掛(gua)幫煤

根(gen)據石頭梅首(shou)采(cai)(cai)區非(fei)工作(zuo)幫(bang)(bang)(bang)煤(mei)層賦存(cun)特征、采(cai)(cai)場現狀、開(kai)采(cai)(cai)工藝及邊(bian)坡穩(wen)定性(xing)，綜合分(fen)(fen)析將非(fei)工作(zuo)幫(bang)(bang)(bang)掛(gua)幫(bang)(bang)(bang)煤(mei)炭資源回采(cai)(cai)劃(hua)分(fen)(fen)為2個(ge)區[7]：①＋750m水(shui)平以(yi)(yi)上掛(gua)幫(bang)(bang)(bang)煤(mei)回采(cai)(cai)，在(zai)(zai)(zai)削幫(bang)(bang)(bang)減(jian)重采(cai)(cai)裝巖層的同時(shi)回采(cai)(cai)掛(gua)幫(bang)(bang)(bang)煤(mei)體；②＋750m水(shui)平以(yi)(yi)下(xia)(xia)掛(gua)幫(bang)(bang)(bang)煤(mei)開(kai)采(cai)(cai)，在(zai)(zai)(zai)編制月(yue)度采(cai)(cai)剝(bo)計劃(hua)時(shi)，把＋750m水(shui)平以(yi)(yi)下(xia)(xia)原設(she)計位置的掛(gua)幫(bang)(bang)(bang)煤(mei)開(kai)采(cai)(cai)納入(ru)月(yue)度采(cai)(cai)剝(bo)計劃(hua)，在(zai)(zai)(zai)后期采(cai)(cai)剝(bo)作(zuo)業同時(shi)完成＋750m水(shui)平以(yi)(yi)下(xia)(xia)掛(gua)幫(bang)(bang)(bang)煤(mei)的開(kai)采(cai)(cai)。

2．5內排壓幫

隨(sui)著(zhu)采(cai)剝(bo)(bo)工(gong)程的(de)不斷推進(jin)，釋(shi)放出內(nei)(nei)排(pai)(pai)空(kong)間，當具(ju)(ju)備(bei)局(ju)部(bu)內(nei)(nei)排(pai)(pai)空(kong)間條(tiao)件時(shi)(shi)(shi)，及(ji)時(shi)(shi)(shi)進(jin)行(xing)內(nei)(nei)排(pai)(pai)壓(ya)幫(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)，可以增(zeng)強邊坡的(de)穩定(ding)性(xing)[8]。內(nei)(nei)排(pai)(pai)壓(ya)幫(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)作(zuo)(zuo)業(ye)劃分為2階(jie)段(duan)：①第1階(jie)段(duan)內(nei)(nei)排(pai)(pai)壓(ya)幫(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)：隨(sui)著(zhu)采(cai)剝(bo)(bo)工(gong)程不斷降深，當＋710～＋680m水(shui)平(ping)具(ju)(ju)備(bei)局(ju)部(bu)內(nei)(nei)排(pai)(pai)空(kong)間時(shi)(shi)(shi)，及(ji)時(shi)(shi)(shi)進(jin)行(xing)內(nei)(nei)排(pai)(pai)壓(ya)幫(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)作(zuo)(zuo)業(ye)；②第2階(jie)段(duan)內(nei)(nei)排(pai)(pai)壓(ya)幫(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)：采(cai)剝(bo)(bo)工(gong)程繼續降深，當＋680～＋650m水(shui)平(ping)具(ju)(ju)備(bei)局(ju)部(bu)內(nei)(nei)排(pai)(pai)空(kong)間時(shi)(shi)(shi)，及(ji)時(shi)(shi)(shi)進(jin)行(xing)內(nei)(nei)排(pai)(pai)壓(ya)幫(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)作(zuo)(zuo)業(ye)。露天煤(mei)礦隨(sui)著(zhu)采(cai)剝(bo)(bo)持(chi)續推進(jin)，提(ti)(ti)前組(zu)織內(nei)(nei)排(pai)(pai)剝(bo)(bo)離物，可縮短剝(bo)(bo)離運輸(shu)距離，節約投(tou)資成本的(de)同(tong)時(shi)(shi)(shi)，提(ti)(ti)高非工(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)幫(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)邊坡的(de)穩定(ding)性(xing)。

2．6安全(quan)技(ji)術(shu)措施

方案實施(shi)(shi)過程(cheng)(cheng)中還應(ying)注意(yi)采(cai)取相應(ying)的(de)安(an)全措施(shi)(shi)：①加強(qiang)(qiang)作(zuo)業(ye)人(ren)(ren)員邊(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)坡(po)(po)安(an)全教(jiao)育，提升安(an)全意(yi)識；②控制(zhi)合理的(de)邊(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)坡(po)(po)角(jiao)，根據邊(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)坡(po)(po)穩(wen)定性研究(jiu)分析(xi)(xi)來留(liu)設(she)(she)最(zui)終(zhong)邊(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)坡(po)(po)角(jiao)；③完善采(cai)場的(de)防排(pai)水(shui)系統(tong)，做(zuo)好疏干排(pai)水(shui)工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)，防止(zhi)積水(shui)浸(jin)泡邊(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)坡(po)(po)巖體；④對(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)于(yu)有可能發生滑(hua)動(dong)(dong)的(de)地段，應(ying)及時(shi)設(she)(she)置(zhi)安(an)全警(jing)戒(jie)線，并(bing)(bing)采(cai)取有效的(de)控制(zhi)措施(shi)(shi)消除(chu)危害(hai)，避免造成重大損失；⑤施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)中對(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)堅硬(ying)巖層采(cai)用免爆設(she)(she)備(bei)松(song)動(dong)(dong)，不采(cai)用松(song)動(dong)(dong)爆破；⑥降(jiang)低動(dong)(dong)載(zai)荷，采(cai)用限速的(de)辦(ban)法，減少工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)設(she)(she)備(bei)及車輛(liang)對(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)邊(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)坡(po)(po)的(de)擾(rao)動(dong)(dong)；⑦對(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)釋(shi)放出的(de)內排(pai)空間及時(shi)內排(pai)壓幫，加強(qiang)(qiang)安(an)全監(jian)督檢(jian)查，確保(bao)作(zuo)業(ye)安(an)全；⑧對(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)采(cai)場非工(gong)(gong)作(zuo)幫作(zuo)業(ye)區采(cai)用GNSS監(jian)測系統(tong)[9]、邊(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)坡(po)(po)雷達監(jian)測系統(tong)和(he)深(shen)部(bu)位移監(jian)測系統(tong)三重位移監(jian)測系統(tong)加強(qiang)(qiang)監(jian)測及數(shu)據分析(xi)(xi)，并(bing)(bing)配專(zhuan)人(ren)(ren)觀察邊(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)坡(po)(po)穩(wen)定情況，如有臺階(jie)松(song)動(dong)(dong)、坍塌等(deng)前兆，立即(ji)停(ting)止(zhi)作(zuo)業(ye)，撤離人(ren)(ren)員和(he)設(she)(she)備(bei)，并(bing)(bing)向礦調度(du)上報。

3安全經濟效益

1）消除(chu)安全(quan)隱(yin)患。開采(cai)(cai)非(fei)工作幫掛幫煤(mei)(mei)(mei)，從(cong)源頭消除(chu)掛幫煤(mei)(mei)(mei)長時間暴露(lu)氧化，導致溫度(du)升高而發(fa)生(sheng)(sheng)煤(mei)(mei)(mei)炭自燃火災事故。同時，避免了煤(mei)(mei)(mei)炭燃燒引起邊(bian)(bian)坡滑坡事故的(de)(de)發(fa)生(sheng)(sheng)，確保非(fei)工作幫邊(bian)(bian)坡的(de)(de)穩定。2）經(jing)濟(ji)(ji)效益(yi)。經(jing)計(ji)算，非(fei)工作幫掛幫煤(mei)(mei)(mei)開采(cai)(cai)需剝(bo)離(li)(li)土石方量111萬(wan)m3，可回采(cai)(cai)煤(mei)(mei)(mei)量35萬(wan)t[10]，平均剝(bo)采(cai)(cai)比3．2m/t，小(xiao)于本礦經(jing)濟(ji)(ji)合理剝(bo)采(cai)(cai)比8．5m/t，實現內(nei)排剝(bo)離(li)(li)物(wu)130萬(wan)m3。剝(bo)離(li)(li)費用(yong)1650萬(wan)元(yuan)，采(cai)(cai)煤(mei)(mei)(mei)費用(yong)360萬(wan)元(yuan)，內(nei)排剝(bo)離(li)(li)物(wu)節省(sheng)費用(yong)50萬(wan)元(yuan)，采(cai)(cai)煤(mei)(mei)(mei)收(shou)益(yi)15750萬(wan)元(yuan)，預計(ji)可產生(sheng)(sheng)收(shou)益(yi)13790萬(wan)元(yuan)。

4結語

在(zai)露天煤(mei)礦開采(cai)中，通過研(yan)究分析非(fei)工(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)幫(bang)(bang)安全經(jing)(jing)濟邊(bian)坡(po)角，對非(fei)工(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)幫(bang)(bang)掛幫(bang)(bang)煤(mei)炭(tan)(tan)資源進(jin)行回(hui)采(cai)，可消除邊(bian)坡(po)掛幫(bang)(bang)煤(mei)炭(tan)(tan)自燃的火災事故隱患(huan)、增強邊(bian)坡(po)穩定性、提高煤(mei)炭(tan)(tan)資源回(hui)采(cai)率、降低投資成本(ben)、提高安全經(jing)(jing)濟效(xiao)益。

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作者：劉興學 李陽 崔志(zhi)偉 哈斯(si)特爾 阿爾帕提江(jiang) 張小冬 單位：新疆能源（集團）有限(xian)責(ze)任公司