導語：房屋(wu)維修項目(mu)工程造(zao)價審核(he)方(fang)法一文來源于網友上(shang)傳，不代(dai)表本站觀點，若需要原創文章可咨詢客服老師，歡(huan)迎(ying)參考(kao)。

摘要：由于現在存量住房的增多，新建房屋越來越少，而對于老舊房屋的改造及維修工程逐漸增多，對結構復雜的建筑維修項目來說，需要提前將維修項目中零散的需求進行整合，編制清單，套取相關計價依據。本文首先對房屋維修進行簡單概述，再闡述維修工程造價審核要(yao)點(dian)，最后探究(jiu)維(wei)修(xiu)工(gong)程造(zao)價(jia)控制措施，為(wei)相關項目工(gong)程管(guan)理提供借鑒。

關鍵詞：復雜房屋維修(xiu)；造價(jia)審核；控制(zhi)措施

隨著人們生活水平的提(ti)(ti)升，人們對房屋(wu)居住品(pin)質的要求正在(zai)逐年(nian)提(ti)(ti)高。老舊小(xiao)區(qu)改造(zao)已經(jing)提(ti)(ti)上各大城市的議程(cheng)，在(zai)節省工程(cheng)費(fei)用的前提(ti)(ti)下，要盡可能(neng)地提(ti)(ti)升老舊項(xiang)目的品(pin)質，為(wei)房屋(wu)使(shi)用者打造(zao)心儀的居住場(chang)所,成為(wei)了現在(zai)建筑工程(cheng)管理(li)需要解決的難(nan)題。因(yin)此，在(zai)項(xiang)目開展前，需要依據工程(cheng)量計價和(he)消耗量定額對項(xiang)目清(qing)單及預算(suan)造(zao)價進(jin)行審核(he)，以便控(kong)制成本。

1復雜房屋維修概述

隨著(zhu)城市化(hua)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)發展(zhan)進程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)，城市人口正在(zai)逐漸(jian)增(zeng)(zeng)加，城市中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)新樓盤的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)可用(yong)地正在(zai)逐漸(jian)減(jian)少。為了(le)提(ti)升人們(men)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)居住品(pin)質(zhi)(zhi)，老舊小區改(gai)造(zao)已經成(cheng)了(le)必(bi)然(ran)趨勢(shi)。但是由于受(shou)目(mu)前政府財力(li)所限(xian)(xian)，對(dui)(dui)(dui)老舊房(fang)屋(wu)(wu)維(wei)(wei)修(xiu)(xiu)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)項(xiang)目(mu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)概(gai)算(suan)費(fei)用(yong)相對(dui)(dui)(dui)較低(di)，因(yin)此(ci)需(xu)(xu)要(yao)(yao)對(dui)(dui)(dui)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)成(cheng)本進行(xing)控制，將資金用(yong)在(zai)實(shi)(shi)處。維(wei)(wei)修(xiu)(xiu)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)與新建(jian)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)不(bu)(bu)(bu)同，維(wei)(wei)修(xiu)(xiu)施(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)一(yi)般(ban)周期比較短、工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)數量(liang)較小，主(zhu)要(yao)(yao)任(ren)務是彌補原(yuan)有(you)建(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)缺陷(xian)，無(wu)(wu)法(fa)改(gai)變原(yuan)有(you)建(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)本身質(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)。因(yin)此(ci)，要(yao)(yao)提(ti)升復雜房(fang)屋(wu)(wu)維(wei)(wei)修(xiu)(xiu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)品(pin)質(zhi)(zhi)，需(xu)(xu)要(yao)(yao)進行(xing)科學的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)規劃(hua)，合理(li)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)安排。建(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)維(wei)(wei)修(xiu)(xiu)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)是在(zai)已經完(wan)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)建(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)上(shang)進行(xing)維(wei)(wei)修(xiu)(xiu)，受(shou)到建(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)原(yuan)本的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)結(jie)構(gou)和品(pin)質(zhi)(zhi)影響，無(wu)(wu)法(fa)從根(gen)本上(shang)對(dui)(dui)(dui)房(fang)屋(wu)(wu)進行(xing)改(gai)變。由于房(fang)屋(wu)(wu)主(zhu)體(ti)已經形成(cheng)，無(wu)(wu)法(fa)作出重大(da)(da)改(gai)變，維(wei)(wei)修(xiu)(xiu)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)會受(shou)到原(yuan)本房(fang)屋(wu)(wu)主(zhu)體(ti)結(jie)構(gou)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)限(xian)(xian)制，需(xu)(xu)根(gen)據房(fang)屋(wu)(wu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)實(shi)(shi)際(ji)情況進行(xing)維(wei)(wei)修(xiu)(xiu)，因(yin)此(ci)難(nan)度極大(da)(da)。如(ru)果是在(zai)房(fang)屋(wu)(wu)有(you)人居住及(ji)使用(yong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)情況下進行(xing)維(wei)(wei)修(xiu)(xiu)，則需(xu)(xu)要(yao)(yao)考(kao)慮(lv)維(wei)(wei)修(xiu)(xiu)過程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)對(dui)(dui)(dui)內(nei)、對(dui)(dui)(dui)外造(zao)成(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)影響，還(huan)要(yao)(yao)按照國家的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)相關規定安排工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)序，因(yin)而降低(di)了(le)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作效(xiao)率，拉長維(wei)(wei)修(xiu)(xiu)周期，造(zao)成(cheng)成(cheng)本加大(da)(da)。因(yin)此(ci)，需(xu)(xu)要(yao)(yao)關注細(xi)節，進行(xing)提(ti)前的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)造(zao)價審核。另外，還(huan)需(xu)(xu)要(yao)(yao)關注質(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)問題(ti)，要(yao)(yao)保證(zheng)維(wei)(wei)修(xiu)(xiu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)品(pin)質(zhi)(zhi)，確(que)定維(wei)(wei)修(xiu)(xiu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)有(you)效(xiao)性，避免(mian)做無(wu)(wu)用(yong)功，平白消耗了(le)建(jian)材。在(zai)進行(xing)維(wei)(wei)修(xiu)(xiu)之前需(xu)(xu)要(yao)(yao)對(dui)(dui)(dui)現(xian)(xian)場進行(xing)調研，其涉及(ji)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)準(zhun)備工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作較多，但實(shi)(shi)際(ji)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)目(mu)標工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)量(liang)不(bu)(bu)(bu)大(da)(da)，造(zao)成(cheng)成(cheng)本與工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)費(fei)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)不(bu)(bu)(bu)平衡(heng)[1]。在(zai)維(wei)(wei)修(xiu)(xiu)過程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，會遇(yu)到許多無(wu)(wu)法(fa)預料(liao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)問題(ti)，如(ru)拆除時對(dui)(dui)(dui)原(yuan)有(you)建(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)造(zao)成(cheng)損壞，因(yin)此(ci)需(xu)(xu)要(yao)(yao)增(zeng)(zeng)加維(wei)(wei)修(xiu)(xiu)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)量(liang)；維(wei)(wei)修(xiu)(xiu)過程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，可能發現(xian)(xian)部分主(zhu)體(ti)結(jie)構(gou)部件(jian)強度不(bu)(bu)(bu)夠，需(xu)(xu)要(yao)(yao)加固(gu)；由于原(yuan)建(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)經過多次(ci)維(wei)(wei)修(xiu)(xiu)，而使現(xian)(xian)有(you)建(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)圖紙施(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)與現(xian)(xian)場實(shi)(shi)際(ji)不(bu)(bu)(bu)相符，產(chan)生工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作量(liang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)增(zeng)(zeng)加等不(bu)(bu)(bu)確(que)定因(yin)素，都會產(chan)生較多工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)額外費(fei)用(yong)。在(zai)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)完(wan)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)后，應(ying)對(dui)(dui)(dui)整體(ti)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)建(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)結(jie)構(gou)改(gai)變不(bu)(bu)(bu)大(da)(da)，并要(yao)(yao)以(yi)恢復原(yuan)貌為主(zhu)。與建(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)新建(jian)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)不(bu)(bu)(bu)同，建(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)維(wei)(wei)修(xiu)(xiu)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)沒(mei)(mei)有(you)相關的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)完(wan)善的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)法(fa)律法(fa)規，相關標準(zhun)不(bu)(bu)(bu)明(ming)確(que)，在(zai)進行(xing)實(shi)(shi)際(ji)維(wei)(wei)修(xiu)(xiu)時，沒(mei)(mei)有(you)具體(ti)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)項(xiang)目(mu)標準(zhun)和規范的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作流(liu)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)。因(yin)此(ci)，相較于建(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)新建(jian)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)，要(yao)(yao)做好維(wei)(wei)修(xiu)(xiu)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作，更加困難(nan)。

2房屋維修工程費用組成以及造價審核

2.1費用組成

房屋維(wei)修(xiu)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)造價(jia)可以理(li)(li)解為(wei)整個施工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)期(qi)的(de)(de)成(cheng)本(ben)(ben)費(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)用(yong)(yong)，此(ci)項費(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)用(yong)(yong)主要(yao)(yao)按照工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)設計圖(tu)、計價(jia)依據、現行(xing)市場價(jia)格等(deng)依據進(jin)(jin)行(xing)確(que)定(ding)，切實(shi)(shi)遵循建筑(zhu)主管(guan)部(bu)門要(yao)(yao)求(qiu)，考慮(lv)全(quan)面當(dang)地實(shi)(shi)際(ji)(ji)情況，科學制定(ding)維(wei)修(xiu)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)費(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)用(yong)(yong)組成(cheng)以及(ji)實(shi)(shi)際(ji)(ji)取費(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)標準。根(gen)據相關規定(ding)可知(zhi)，維(wei)修(xiu)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)費(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)用(yong)(yong)主要(yao)(yao)包(bao)括(kuo)分(fen)(fen)部(bu)分(fen)(fen)項工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)費(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)、措施項目(mu)費(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)、其(qi)他(ta)項目(mu)費(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)、規費(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)、稅(shui)金(jin)等(deng)。分(fen)(fen)部(bu)分(fen)(fen)項工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)費(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)是(shi)(shi)指完(wan)成(cheng)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)實(shi)(shi)體而產生的(de)(de)費(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)用(yong)(yong)，包(bao)括(kuo)人工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)費(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)、材料費(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)、機械費(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)等(deng)，其(qi)中包(bao)括(kuo)維(wei)修(xiu)單位(wei)(wei)(wei)開展經營(ying)活動以及(ji)施工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)期(qi)間間接服(fu)務(wu)所產生的(de)(de)費(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)用(yong)(yong)，本(ben)(ben)質上(shang)屬于維(wei)修(xiu)單位(wei)(wei)(wei)管(guan)理(li)(li)層為(wei)了確(que)保企(qi)業(ye)經營(ying)管(guan)理(li)(li)活動有序進(jin)(jin)行(xing)所花費(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)的(de)(de)成(cheng)本(ben)(ben)經濟(ji)，主要(yao)(yao)涵蓋企(qi)業(ye)管(guan)理(li)(li)、財務(wu)、利(li)潤(run)等(deng)。需要(yao)(yao)特別指出(chu)(chu)的(de)(de)是(shi)(shi)，將維(wei)修(xiu)單位(wei)(wei)(wei)以往的(de)(de)法定(ding)利(li)潤(run)轉變(bian)為(wei)計劃利(li)潤(run)，實(shi)(shi)質上(shang)等(deng)同于企(qi)業(ye)管(guan)理(li)(li)費(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)，允許(xu)投標單位(wei)(wei)(wei)在投標報價(jia)時適當(dang)向(xiang)下浮動，從而促進(jin)(jin)公平競爭；措施項目(mu)費(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)用(yong)(yong)是(shi)(shi)指維(wei)修(xiu)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)施工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)中出(chu)(chu)現的(de)(de)，但(dan)并(bing)未構(gou)成(cheng)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)實(shi)(shi)體的(de)(de)費(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)用(yong)(yong)，一般來(lai)說，需要(yao)(yao)根(gen)據維(wei)修(xiu)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)的(de)(de)實(shi)(shi)際(ji)(ji)施工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)狀況來(lai)確(que)定(ding)；其(qi)他(ta)項目(mu)費(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)包(bao)括(kuo)暫列金(jin)額、計日工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)、總包(bao)服(fu)務(wu)費(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)等(deng)；規費(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)是(shi)(shi)按照國(guo)家法律(lv)、法規規定(ding)向(xiang)有關部(bu)門必須交納(na)或計取的(de)(de)費(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)用(yong)(yong)；稅(shui)金(jin)，是(shi)(shi)維(wei)修(xiu)單位(wei)(wei)(wei)需要(yao)(yao)依照國(guo)家規定(ding)完(wan)成(cheng)稅(shui)金(jin)的(de)(de)繳納(na)，現為(wei)增(zeng)值稅(shui)銷(xiao)項稅(shui)額。

2.2審核方法

在(zai)充(chong)分(fen)掌握市(shi)場信(xin)(xin)息的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)前提(ti)(ti)下(xia)，房屋維(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)修(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)項(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)無法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)依(yi)(yi)照(zhao)(zhao)統一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)計(ji)價(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)依(yi)(yi)據進(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)行(xing)(xing)(xing)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)造(zao)(zao)(zao)(zao)(zao)(zao)價(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)，需(xu)(xu)(xu)要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)進(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)步結合實(shi)際工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)狀況，根據以(yi)(yi)(yi)下(xia)流程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)完成造(zao)(zao)(zao)(zao)(zao)(zao)價(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)：第(di)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)，信(xin)(xin)息收(shou)(shou)集(ji)，利用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)現(xian)有市(shi)場及(ji)各(ge)種(zhong)方式(shi)完成基(ji)礎信(xin)(xin)息的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)收(shou)(shou)集(ji)，做好(hao)施工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)現(xian)場調(diao)查、施工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)圖(tu)紙(zhi)制定、明確(que)國家政策等工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)；第(di)二，熟悉施工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)圖(tu)紙(zhi)及(ji)施工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)現(xian)場，將(jiang)其作(zuo)(zuo)為(wei)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)造(zao)(zao)(zao)(zao)(zao)(zao)價(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)編(bian)制的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)重(zhong)要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)依(yi)(yi)據，造(zao)(zao)(zao)(zao)(zao)(zao)價(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)人員(yuan)需(xu)(xu)(xu)要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)充(chong)分(fen)了(le)解(jie)施工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)圖(tu)紙(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)重(zhong)點(dian)內容，以(yi)(yi)(yi)此(ci)為(wei)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)造(zao)(zao)(zao)(zao)(zao)(zao)價(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)確(que)定工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)提(ti)(ti)供(gong)依(yi)(yi)據；第(di)三，了(le)解(jie)現(xian)行(xing)(xing)(xing)計(ji)價(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)依(yi)(yi)據，在(zai)全方位踏勘(kan)維(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)修(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)項(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)施工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)現(xian)場的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)基(ji)礎上(shang)，進(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)步掌握施工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)條(tiao)件，熟悉計(ji)價(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)依(yi)(yi)據，從(cong)而達(da)到(dao)提(ti)(ti)高運算編(bian)制準確(que)性(xing)(xing)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)目(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)；第(di)四，計(ji)算工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)量，工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)量作(zuo)(zuo)為(wei)房屋維(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)修(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)預(yu)算編(bian)制的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)重(zhong)要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)基(ji)礎資料，需(xu)(xu)(xu)要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)切實(shi)保(bao)證(zheng)計(ji)算結果(guo)準確(que)、可(ke)靠，這樣相(xiang)關工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)人員(yuan)才能(neng)以(yi)(yi)(yi)此(ci)作(zuo)(zuo)為(wei)憑(ping)證(zheng)；第(di)五，套(tao)取計(ji)價(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)依(yi)(yi)據。2.2.1全面審(shen)(shen)(shen)核(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)全面審(shen)(shen)(shen)核(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)通常(chang)(chang)適(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)于項(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)規模較(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)小,維(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)修(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)項(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)較(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)少(shao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)維(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)修(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)，如果(guo)維(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)修(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)沒(mei)有復雜(za)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)環節，原(yuan)理(li)較(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)為(wei)簡(jian)單(dan)(dan)，可(ke)以(yi)(yi)(yi)采用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)該(gai)方法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)。通常(chang)(chang)在(zai)房屋損壞情(qing)(qing)況較(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)輕，僅需(xu)(xu)(xu)簡(jian)單(dan)(dan)修(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)復的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)情(qing)(qing)況下(xia)使用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)。如果(guo)對(dui)(dui)于較(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)復雜(za)項(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)，則該(gai)方法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)審(shen)(shen)(shen)核(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)時間較(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)長，所以(yi)(yi)(yi)對(dui)(dui)于時間緊、任務急(ji)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)房屋維(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)修(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)不(bu)(bu)適(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)。2.2.2重(zhong)點(dian)審(shen)(shen)(shen)核(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)重(zhong)點(dian)審(shen)(shen)(shen)核(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)是(shi)根據實(shi)際的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)項(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)情(qing)(qing)況，分(fen)析出造(zao)(zao)(zao)(zao)(zao)(zao)價(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)審(shen)(shen)(shen)核(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)關鍵。一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)般情(qing)(qing)況下(xia)，按(an)照(zhao)(zhao)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)造(zao)(zao)(zao)(zao)(zao)(zao)價(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)所占比(bi)(bi)例(li)做出重(zhong)要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)指標。由于房屋維(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)修(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)般批復費用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)較(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)低(di)，因此(ci)需(xu)(xu)(xu)要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)對(dui)(dui)成本進(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)行(xing)(xing)(xing)嚴格控(kong)制，而大型(xing)維(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)修(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)項(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)各(ge)個環節較(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)為(wei)零散，所需(xu)(xu)(xu)材料種(zhong)類又較(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)多(duo)，所以(yi)(yi)(yi)控(kong)制的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)重(zhong)點(dian)應該(gai)是(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)造(zao)(zao)(zao)(zao)(zao)(zao)價(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)所占比(bi)(bi)例(li)較(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)大的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)項(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)。2.2.3對(dui)(dui)比(bi)(bi)審(shen)(shen)(shen)核(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)對(dui)(dui)比(bi)(bi)審(shen)(shen)(shen)核(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)主要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)是(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)類似(si)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)進(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)行(xing)(xing)(xing)造(zao)(zao)(zao)(zao)(zao)(zao)價(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)對(dui)(dui)比(bi)(bi)進(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)行(xing)(xing)(xing)審(shen)(shen)(shen)核(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)。通常(chang)(chang)應具備很(hen)(hen)多(duo)類似(si)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)數據，再進(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)行(xing)(xing)(xing)設(she)計(ji)可(ke)行(xing)(xing)(xing)性(xing)(xing)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)比(bi)(bi)較(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)、造(zao)(zao)(zao)(zao)(zao)(zao)價(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)比(bi)(bi)較(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)、維(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)修(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)最終效果(guo)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)比(bi)(bi)較(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)。可(ke)以(yi)(yi)(yi)進(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)行(xing)(xing)(xing)橫向對(dui)(dui)比(bi)(bi)參考(kao)。與同(tong)類型(xing)維(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)修(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)項(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)圖(tu)紙(zhi)進(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)行(xing)(xing)(xing)比(bi)(bi)對(dui)(dui)，最終選取造(zao)(zao)(zao)(zao)(zao)(zao)價(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)較(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)低(di)、效果(guo)更好(hao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)圖(tu)紙(zhi)。對(dui)(dui)比(bi)(bi)審(shen)(shen)(shen)核(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)般用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)于優化維(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)修(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)方案，是(shi)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)種(zhong)比(bi)(bi)較(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)理(li)想(xiang)造(zao)(zao)(zao)(zao)(zao)(zao)價(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)審(shen)(shen)(shen)核(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)方式(shi)。2.2.4分(fen)組造(zao)(zao)(zao)(zao)(zao)(zao)價(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)審(shen)(shen)(shen)核(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)分(fen)組造(zao)(zao)(zao)(zao)(zao)(zao)價(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)審(shen)(shen)(shen)核(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)是(shi)將(jiang)維(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)修(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)中(zhong)具有共(gong)同(tong)點(dian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)項(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)進(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)行(xing)(xing)(xing)分(fen)組，并對(dui)(dui)不(bu)(bu)同(tong)組別進(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)行(xing)(xing)(xing)分(fen)別審(shen)(shen)(shen)核(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)。該(gai)方法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)可(ke)以(yi)(yi)(yi)提(ti)(ti)升造(zao)(zao)(zao)(zao)(zao)(zao)價(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)審(shen)(shen)(shen)核(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)效率，將(jiang)瑣碎(sui)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)項(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)進(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)行(xing)(xing)(xing)整(zheng)合，降(jiang)低(di)審(shen)(shen)(shen)核(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)難度。分(fen)組后(hou)(hou)，結合維(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)修(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)實(shi)際情(qing)(qing)況，將(jiang)各(ge)項(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)量匯總，歸(gui)類。這樣在(zai)施工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)過(guo)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)中(zhong)，也可(ke)以(yi)(yi)(yi)按(an)照(zhao)(zhao)項(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)清單(dan)(dan)進(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)行(xing)(xing)(xing)分(fen)專業施工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)。2.2.5套(tao)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)單(dan)(dan)價(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)審(shen)(shen)(shen)核(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)套(tao)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)單(dan)(dan)價(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)審(shen)(shen)(shen)核(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)是(shi)直(zhi)接使用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)固定的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)定價(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)，雖然較(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)為(wei)簡(jian)單(dan)(dan)，但是(shi)針對(dui)(dui)實(shi)際維(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)修(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)中(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)不(bu)(bu)同(tong)情(qing)(qing)況，很(hen)(hen)難作(zuo)(zuo)出靈活的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)改變[2]。需(xu)(xu)(xu)要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)提(ti)(ti)前對(dui)(dui)諸如材料價(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)格、設(she)計(ji)名稱等各(ge)項(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)信(xin)(xin)息進(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)行(xing)(xing)(xing)收(shou)(shou)集(ji)，在(zai)收(shou)(shou)集(ji)過(guo)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)中(zhong)，需(xu)(xu)(xu)要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)注(zhu)意信(xin)(xin)息的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)規范(fan)性(xing)(xing)和準確(que)性(xing)(xing)。在(zai)實(shi)際的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)審(shen)(shen)(shen)核(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)中(zhong)，通常(chang)(chang)需(xu)(xu)(xu)要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)提(ti)(ti)前對(dui)(dui)維(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)修(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)目(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)標進(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)行(xing)(xing)(xing)調(diao)查。在(zai)實(shi)地(di)走(zou)訪后(hou)(hou)，根據項(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)特點(dian)，進(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)行(xing)(xing)(xing)審(shen)(shen)(shen)核(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)方法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)選擇。不(bu)(bu)同(tong)審(shen)(shen)(shen)核(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)方法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)適(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)范(fan)圍不(bu)(bu)同(tong)，要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)提(ti)(ti)高維(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)修(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)質(zhi)量，降(jiang)低(di)維(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)修(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)造(zao)(zao)(zao)(zao)(zao)(zao)價(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)，需(xu)(xu)(xu)要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)進(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)行(xing)(xing)(xing)合理(li)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)選擇。

2.3計價依據

房(fang)(fang)屋(wu)維修(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)一般有(you)兩種情況，根據維修(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)范圍(wei)的不同(tong)，可以分成(cheng)局部(bu)(bu)(bu)維修(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)和(he)整體(ti)(ti)維修(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)。局部(bu)(bu)(bu)維修(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)，顧名思義，就是(shi)(shi)進(jin)行(xing)(xing)部(bu)(bu)(bu)分維修(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)，包(bao)括(kuo)人(ren)們雙眼(yan)能(neng)看(kan)到的表(biao)面和(he)人(ren)眼(yan)難(nan)及(ji)的隱(yin)蔽處。很(hen)多隱(yin)蔽處的維修(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)容易被(bei)忽(hu)略，而(er)(er)且無法進(jin)行(xing)(xing)圖示，維修(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)難(nan)度很(hen)大，計(ji)量(liang)(liang)計(ji)價(jia)(jia)容易出現(xian)遺(yi)漏(lou)，因此，需要(yao)進(jin)行(xing)(xing)實地測量(liang)(liang)記錄。整體(ti)(ti)維修(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)則是(shi)(shi)對維修(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)對象(xiang)除主(zhu)體(ti)(ti)部(bu)(bu)(bu)分進(jin)行(xing)(xing)全部(bu)(bu)(bu)拆(chai)除，再全部(bu)(bu)(bu)修(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)復。計(ji)價(jia)(jia)工(gong)作量(liang)(liang)較大，一般能(neng)夠在圖紙上(shang)表(biao)述詳盡。通常(chang)情況下，如果(guo)房(fang)(fang)屋(wu)維修(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)項(xiang)(xiang)目需編制(zhi)工(gong)程量(liang)(liang)清單(dan)(dan)，并進(jin)行(xing)(xing)招投標(biao)(biao)，公平競爭后，確定(ding)合(he)同(tong)價(jia)(jia)格。采用招投標(biao)(biao)時，雖其已確定(ding)綜(zong)合(he)單(dan)(dan)價(jia)(jia)，但是(shi)(shi)由于(yu)項(xiang)(xiang)目的復雜(za)性，在施(shi)工(gong)過程中，總(zong)是(shi)(shi)難(nan)免(mian)會出現(xian)合(he)同(tong)單(dan)(dan)價(jia)(jia)之外的新增單(dan)(dan)價(jia)(jia)。對于(yu)新增單(dan)(dan)價(jia)(jia)，一般采用現(xian)行(xing)(xing)的計(ji)價(jia)(jia)依(yi)據確定(ding)價(jia)(jia)格。而(er)(er)計(ji)價(jia)(jia)依(yi)據的價(jia)(jia)格，不能(neng)生搬硬套，而(er)(er)應隨現(xian)場(chang)(chang)施(shi)工(gong)具體(ti)(ti)情況而(er)(er)定(ding)。這就要(yao)求造價(jia)(jia)人(ren)員應對施(shi)工(gong)現(xian)場(chang)(chang)、施(shi)工(gong)工(gong)藝、計(ji)價(jia)(jia)依(yi)據等業(ye)務要(yao)非常(chang)熟悉。

3房屋維修工程造價控制

3.1過程造(zao)價控制

房屋維(wei)修(xiu)中(zhong)的(de)各(ge)個(ge)環(huan)節，都(dou)會產生(sheng)費用。因此，不僅需(xu)要在工(gong)程(cheng)前(qian)(qian)期做(zuo)好(hao)(hao)決策，進行(xing)造(zao)價控制(zhi)，提(ti)(ti)前(qian)(qian)做(zuo)好(hao)(hao)并完(wan)善(shan)工(gong)程(cheng)量清(qing)單，還需(xu)要在施工(gong)過程(cheng)中(zhong)進行(xing)造(zao)價控制(zhi)。在決策階段，需(xu)要明(ming)確整個(ge)維(wei)修(xiu)過程(cheng)中(zhong)的(de)重點，進行(xing)科學地設計規劃，降低(di)維(wei)修(xiu)成本(ben)(ben)。在項(xiang)目正式開始前(qian)(qian)，需(xu)要提(ti)(ti)前(qian)(qian)走(zou)訪(fang)各(ge)大(da)材(cai)料(liao)市場，了解相(xiang)關材(cai)料(liao)價格，掌握新(xin)材(cai)料(liao)、新(xin)技術。通過對(dui)材(cai)料(liao)及施工(gong)技術的(de)比對(dui)，擬定最(zui)優方案，降低(di)工(gong)程(cheng)造(zao)價的(de)同時，避免竣(jun)工(gong)后出現問(wen)題，產生(sheng)爭端，保證維(wei)修(xiu)工(gong)程(cheng)的(de)有效(xiao)性。在施工(gong)階段，調(diao)動施工(gong)人員的(de)積極(ji)性，提(ti)(ti)前(qian)(qian)做(zuo)好(hao)(hao)施工(gong)環(huan)節的(de)績效(xiao)考核，進行(xing)施工(gong)人員的(de)內(nei)部培訓(xun)，將資源節約納入培訓(xun)項(xiang)目中(zhong)，不僅能夠降低(di)浪費，還可以(yi)控制(zhi)成本(ben)(ben)，提(ti)(ti)高(gao)(gao)維(wei)修(xiu)質量，提(ti)(ti)高(gao)(gao)其工(gong)作效(xiao)率。做(zuo)好(hao)(hao)項(xiang)目，為(wei)居民(min)營造(zao)更加舒適的(de)居住環(huan)境，實現房屋維(wei)修(xiu)工(gong)程(cheng)的(de)各(ge)個(ge)方面的(de)效(xiao)益。

3.2工程監理的重要(yao)性(xing)

在進(jin)(jin)行房屋維修(xiu)工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)時，需要(yao)(yao)(yao)注意項目(mu)的監(jian)(jian)理工(gong)(gong)作(zuo)。監(jian)(jian)理工(gong)(gong)作(zuo)就是對(dui)項目(mu)全過程(cheng)的監(jian)(jian)督管理工(gong)(gong)作(zuo)。工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)監(jian)(jian)理通常以實現投資(zi)目(mu)標為(wei)目(mu)的，對(dui)維修(xiu)的各個(ge)環節進(jin)(jin)行監(jian)(jian)督管理，保障維修(xiu)質量(liang)。要(yao)(yao)(yao)想(xiang)開展(zhan)品質較高的維修(xiu)工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)，需要(yao)(yao)(yao)提前做(zuo)好相(xiang)關的規劃及方案(an)。方案(an)內容(rong)包(bao)括施工(gong)(gong)技術(shu)、材料選(xuan)取(qu)、施工(gong)(gong)進(jin)(jin)度等，一般根據(ju)建筑的結構以及需要(yao)(yao)(yao)維修(xiu)的內容(rong)決定(ding)。在施工(gong)(gong)過程(cheng)中，需要(yao)(yao)(yao)對(dui)浪費行為(wei)進(jin)(jin)行嚴格的控制。另外，對(dui)消耗(hao)品的定(ding)量(liang)和(he)定(ding)價(jia)都需要(yao)(yao)(yao)進(jin)(jin)行監(jian)(jian)督，避免在此(ci)環節產生爭議(yi)[3]。

3.3造價審核

對于(yu)(yu)房屋(wu)維修(xiu)(xiu)的(de)(de)全過程(cheng)都進(jin)(jin)行(xing)造價審(shen)核(he)，需要(yao)對預結算(suan)審(shen)核(he)環節(jie)進(jin)(jin)行(xing)嚴格把關。降低工程(cheng)量(liang)計算(suan)過程(cheng)中出現問題(ti)的(de)(de)概率，提升造價結果的(de)(de)可(ke)靠性。由于(yu)(yu)維修(xiu)(xiu)項目較為瑣(suo)碎、復雜，需要(yao)進(jin)(jin)行(xing)計算(suan)的(de)(de)條目較多，另外，還要(yao)對單價進(jin)(jin)行(xing)確認。最后，該過程(cheng)應(ying)當嚴格遵循相(xiang)關的(de)(de)法律(lv)法規和行(xing)業(ye)標準，不可(ke)隨意計價。所以需要(yao)更加嚴格的(de)(de)復核(he)，保證最終結果的(de)(de)準確性。

4結語

房(fang)(fang)屋(wu)維(wei)(wei)修(xiu)項目造(zao)價(jia)(jia)清單審核需要在控制工程(cheng)造(zao)價(jia)(jia)的(de)基(ji)礎上，提(ti)升維(wei)(wei)修(xiu)的(de)效(xiao)率和品質。可(ke)以(yi)采用(yong)新(xin)(xin)(xin)型施(shi)工技術(shu)，利(li)用(yong)新(xin)(xin)(xin)型材料，在降(jiang)低維(wei)(wei)修(xiu)成本(ben)的(de)同時，為居(ju)民(min)營(ying)造(zao)良(liang)好的(de)居(ju)住環境(jing)。隨(sui)著(zhu)技術(shu)的(de)發展(zhan)進步，應當不斷創新(xin)(xin)(xin)造(zao)價(jia)(jia)審核方式，提(ti)升房(fang)(fang)屋(wu)維(wei)(wei)修(xiu)的(de)經(jing)濟效(xiao)益，促進房(fang)(fang)屋(wu)維(wei)(wei)修(xiu)行業(ye)的(de)發展(zhan)。

參考文獻：

[1]黨學偉.房(fang)屋維修改造工程的(de)步(bu)驟及(ji)特點分析(xi)[J].四川建材(cai),2021,47(3):128-129.

[2]王曉(xiao)石.房屋建筑維修工程造價控制探究(jiu)[J].黑龍江科學,2020,11(16):126-127.

[3]吳丹丹.A行政事業單位房屋(wu)維修專項資金管理研究[D].北京:北京交通大(da)學,2020.

作(zuo)者：王琦(qi) 單位：遼寧(ning)智森人才信息(xi)咨詢(xun)服(fu)務有限公司