水利水電工程論文范文10篇
時間:2024-01-02 15:28:57
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水利水電工程設計論文
1設計方案對比的重要(yao)性
一(yi)個(ge)方(fang)(fang)(fang)案(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)的(de)(de)(de)(de)確(que)定一(yi)般包括4個(ge)步驟:方(fang)(fang)(fang)案(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)的(de)(de)(de)(de)擬(ni)定、方(fang)(fang)(fang)案(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)的(de)(de)(de)(de)設計(ji)、方(fang)(fang)(fang)案(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)的(de)(de)(de)(de)比(bi)(bi)(bi)較(jiao)和(he)方(fang)(fang)(fang)案(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)的(de)(de)(de)(de)選擇。方(fang)(fang)(fang)案(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)的(de)(de)(de)(de)擬(ni)定是(shi)根據工程(cheng)開發的(de)(de)(de)(de)任務、規模,結(jie)合(he)地形地質條件、建筑物布置、施工條件、環(huan)境影響等(deng)因素,經(jing)(jing)過(guo)分析,擬(ni)定兩個(ge)或多個(ge)參(can)與對(dui)比(bi)(bi)(bi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)方(fang)(fang)(fang)案(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)。方(fang)(fang)(fang)案(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)的(de)(de)(de)(de)設計(ji)是(shi)對(dui)各(ge)(ge)參(can)選方(fang)(fang)(fang)案(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)進行一(yi)定深(shen)度的(de)(de)(de)(de)設計(ji),分析各(ge)(ge)方(fang)(fang)(fang)案(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)的(de)(de)(de)(de)建設條件及工程(cheng)對(dui)社會和(he)環(huan)境的(de)(de)(de)(de)影響,估(gu)算(suan)各(ge)(ge)方(fang)(fang)(fang)案(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)的(de)(de)(de)(de)投資、工期等(deng),為方(fang)(fang)(fang)案(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)的(de)(de)(de)(de)比(bi)(bi)(bi)較(jiao)提(ti)供依據。方(fang)(fang)(fang)案(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)的(de)(de)(de)(de)比(bi)(bi)(bi)較(jiao)是(shi)結(jie)合(he)比(bi)(bi)(bi)選因素,對(dui)各(ge)(ge)方(fang)(fang)(fang)案(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)進行全(quan)面的(de)(de)(de)(de)比(bi)(bi)(bi)較(jiao),得出各(ge)(ge)方(fang)(fang)(fang)案(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)的(de)(de)(de)(de)優劣(lie)。方(fang)(fang)(fang)案(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)的(de)(de)(de)(de)選擇是(shi)在方(fang)(fang)(fang)案(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)比(bi)(bi)(bi)較(jiao)后,經(jing)(jing)綜合(he)分析,推薦(jian)最優方(fang)(fang)(fang)案(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)。
水(shui)利(li)(li)水(shui)電(dian)工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)由于(yu)技術難(nan)度(du)(du)較大,工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)的(de)(de)安(an)全性(xing)(xing)十分重要(yao),也由于(yu)工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)投資高(gao)(gao)(gao),對工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)的(de)(de)經濟性(xing)(xing)提出(chu)了(le)很高(gao)(gao)(gao)的(de)(de)要(yao)求(qiu)。在工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)實施前(qian)(qian),需進行大量的(de)(de)前(qian)(qian)期論(lun)證(zheng)(zheng)和研究工(gong)(gong)作(zuo),以(yi)(yi)論(lun)證(zheng)(zheng)設計方(fang)(fang)案的(de)(de)可行性(xing)(xing)和合(he)理(li)性(xing)(xing)。隨著技術的(de)(de)發展、工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)難(nan)度(du)(du)的(de)(de)提高(gao)(gao)(gao)以(yi)(yi)及國(guo)家(jia)對前(qian)(qian)期工(gong)(gong)作(zuo)要(yao)求(qiu)的(de)(de)提高(gao)(gao)(gao),對水(shui)工(gong)(gong)設計方(fang)(fang)案的(de)(de)論(lun)證(zheng)(zheng)提出(chu)了(le)越來越高(gao)(gao)(gao)的(de)(de)要(yao)求(qiu),如何快(kuai)速、合(he)理(li)地(di)選定設計方(fang)(fang)案,確(que)定工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)場址、主(zhu)要(yao)建(jian)筑物型式和各水(shui)工(gong)(gong)建(jian)筑物布(bu)置方(fang)(fang)案,論(lun)證(zheng)(zheng)其可行性(xing)(xing)和合(he)理(li)性(xing)(xing)成(cheng)了(le)水(shui)利(li)(li)水(shui)電(dian)前(qian)(qian)期工(gong)(gong)作(zuo)中非常重要(yao)和關鍵的(de)(de)工(gong)(gong)作(zuo)。
2設(she)計方(fang)案對(dui)比的(de)原則
方(fang)(fang)案(an)(an)(an)對比的首要原(yuan)則是方(fang)(fang)案(an)(an)(an)的設(she)計(ji)和比較應實事求是,對各(ge)方(fang)(fang)案(an)(an)(an)的利弊應進行科學和客(ke)觀地分析。擬定方(fang)(fang)案(an)(an)(an)時(shi),不(bu)(bu)能憑設(she)計(ji)或建設(she)單位的意愿而(er)(er)故(gu)意舍(she)棄(qi)可(ke)能較優的方(fang)(fang)案(an)(an)(an)。方(fang)(fang)案(an)(an)(an)設(she)計(ji)時(shi),對各(ge)方(fang)(fang)案(an)(an)(an)應一視同仁,不(bu)(bu)能故(gu)意壓減或做大某一方(fang)(fang)案(an)(an)(an)投(tou)資方(fang)(fang)案(an)(an)(an)比較時(shi),不(bu)(bu)能由于偏好(hao)哪(na)個方(fang)(fang)案(an)(an)(an),而(er)(er)重(zhong)點分析和夸(kua)大其有(you)利因素,而(er)(er)故(gu)意突(tu)顯該方(fang)(fang)案(an)(an)(an)的優點。
各(ge)對比(bi)方(fang)(fang)(fang)案(an)(an)須滿足相同(tong)的規劃(hua)指標,各(ge)方(fang)(fang)(fang)案(an)(an)應(ying)在(zai)相同(tong)的前提條件下進行比(bi)較。對比(bi)各(ge)方(fang)(fang)(fang)案(an)(an)均應(ying)可(ke)行且互有優劣(lie),如經初步分析(xi),其中(zhong)某方(fang)(fang)(fang)案(an)(an)在(zai)技術上不(bu)(bu)可(ke)行或(huo)與其它方(fang)(fang)(fang)案(an)(an)比(bi)較在(zai)各(ge)方(fang)(fang)(fang)面(mian)都處于劣(lie)勢(shi),則此(ci)方(fang)(fang)(fang)案(an)(an)可(ke)不(bu)(bu)參與對比(bi)。當然(ran),如經濟分析(xi),只有一方(fang)(fang)(fang)案(an)(an)可(ke)行或(huo)該方(fang)(fang)(fang)案(an)(an)在(zai)各(ge)方(fang)(fang)(fang)面(mian)都明顯優于其他方(fang)(fang)(fang)案(an)(an),也可(ke)以直接推薦(jian)該方(fang)(fang)(fang)案(an)(an),而不(bu)(bu)一定進行詳(xiang)細(xi)的方(fang)(fang)(fang)案(an)(an)比(bi)選(xuan)。
水利水電工程物流系統優化論文
摘(zhai)要:本文通過對(dui)水(shui)利(li)水(shui)電工程(cheng)物(wu)流(liu)特點和現(xian)代(dai)物(wu)流(liu)系統(tong)的分析(xi),構建水(shui)利(li)水(shui)電工程(cheng)物(wu)流(liu)優化(hua)系統(tong)。
關鍵詞:水(shui)利水(shui)電工(gong)程物流(liu)系(xi)統優化
引言
水利(li)水電工程(cheng)原有的(de)物流(liu)體(ti)系很薄弱,難以與社會物流(liu)系統相結(jie)合。因此,對水利(li)水電工程(cheng)現代物流(liu)系統的(de)構建研究是(shi)很有必要的(de)。
一、水利水電工程物流系統(tong)的特征
水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)利(li)(li)(li)(li)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)電(dian)(dian)工(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)物(wu)(wu)(wu)流(liu)(liu)系(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)具有整體(ti)性(xing)(xing)(xing)、相關(guan)性(xing)(xing)(xing)、目(mu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)性(xing)(xing)(xing)、環境適應(ying)性(xing)(xing)(xing),同(tong)時還(huan)具有規(gui)模龐(pang)大(da)、結構復(fu)雜(za)、目(mu)標(biao)眾多(duo)(duo)等大(da)系(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)所具有的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)特征。①水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)利(li)(li)(li)(li)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)電(dian)(dian)工(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)物(wu)(wu)(wu)流(liu)(liu)系(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)是(shi)一個(ge)(ge)(ge)“人——機系(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)”:水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)利(li)(li)(li)(li)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)電(dian)(dian)工(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)物(wu)(wu)(wu)流(liu)(liu)系(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)是(shi)由人和形成勞動(dong)手段的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)設(she)備(bei)、工(gong)具所組(zu)成。②水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)利(li)(li)(li)(li)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)電(dian)(dian)工(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)物(wu)(wu)(wu)流(liu)(liu)系(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)是(shi)一個(ge)(ge)(ge)大(da)跨(kua)度系(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong):這反映在地域(yu)跨(kua)度大(da)和時間跨(kua)度大(da)。③水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)利(li)(li)(li)(li)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)電(dian)(dian)工(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)物(wu)(wu)(wu)流(liu)(liu)系(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)是(shi)一個(ge)(ge)(ge)可(ke)分(fen)(fen)系(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong):作為水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)利(li)(li)(li)(li)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)電(dian)(dian)工(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)物(wu)(wu)(wu)流(liu)(liu)系(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong),無論(lun)其規(gui)模多(duo)(duo)么(me)龐(pang)大(da),都可(ke)以(yi)分(fen)(fen)解(jie)成若(ruo)干個(ge)(ge)(ge)相關(guan)聯(lian)系(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)子(zi)系(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)。④水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)利(li)(li)(li)(li)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)電(dian)(dian)工(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)物(wu)(wu)(wu)流(liu)(liu)系(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)是(shi)一個(ge)(ge)(ge)動(dong)態系(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)利(li)(li)(li)(li)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)電(dian)(dian)工(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)物(wu)(wu)(wu)流(liu)(liu)系(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)聯(lian)結多(duo)(duo)個(ge)(ge)(ge)供應(ying)商和工(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)施工(gong)需要,隨需求、供應(ying)、渠道、價(jia)格的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)變化,系(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)內(nei)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)要素及系(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)運行經常發生變化。⑤水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)利(li)(li)(li)(li)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)電(dian)(dian)工(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)物(wu)(wu)(wu)流(liu)(liu)系(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)復(fu)雜(za)性(xing)(xing)(xing):水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)利(li)(li)(li)(li)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)電(dian)(dian)工(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)建(jian)設(she)所耗用物(wu)(wu)(wu)資(zi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)數量(liang)大(da)、品(pin)種(zhong)繁(fan)多(duo)(duo)、專業(ye)性(xing)(xing)(xing)較強、且具有不均衡性(xing)(xing)(xing)和不確(que)定性(xing)(xing)(xing)。并且受(shou)物(wu)(wu)(wu)流(liu)(liu)系(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)中的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)采購、運輸、倉(cang)儲、信息(xi)、供應(ying)等子(zi)系(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)制約(yue),這些子(zi)系(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)組(zu)織和合理運用,是(shi)一個(ge)(ge)(ge)非常復(fu)雜(za)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)問題。⑥水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)電(dian)(dian)工(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)物(wu)(wu)(wu)流(liu)(liu)系(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)是(shi)一個(ge)(ge)(ge)多(duo)(duo)目(mu)標(biao)函數系(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong):水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)利(li)(li)(li)(li)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)電(dian)(dian)工(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)物(wu)(wu)(wu)流(liu)(liu)系(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)總目(mu)標(biao)是(shi)實(shi)現宏(hong)觀和微觀的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)經濟效(xiao)益。解(jie)決最優訂貨策略、信息(xi)管理、隨機情況下的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)庫(ku)存(cun)風險管理和安全庫(ku)存(cun)量(liang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)確(que)定,使之有效(xiao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)對水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)電(dian)(dian)工(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)物(wu)(wu)(wu)流(liu)(liu)進行管理,達到工(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)項目(mu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)投資(zi)、進度、質量(liang)三個(ge)(ge)(ge)控制的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)預定目(mu)標(biao)等都是(shi)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)利(li)(li)(li)(li)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)電(dian)(dian)工(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)建(jian)設(she)管理者(zhe)面對且必(bi)須解(jie)決的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)問題。
水利水電工程軟件應用論文
水(shui)利(li)(li)水(shui)電工程是(shi)一項功(gong)在(zai)當代利(li)(li)在(zai)千秋(qiu)的(de)事業。與其它工程勘(kan)測設計部門相(xiang)比較,水(shui)利(li)(li)水(shui)電工程勘(kan)測設計更具(ju)工程的(de)多樣(yang)性(xing),涉及(ji)的(de)學科多,內(nei)容廣泛(fan),不但計算(suan)(suan)工作(zuo)量大,而且(qie)是(shi)一個工程一個樣(yang),重復很少,更增(zeng)加了工程CAD的(de)難度(du)。每一項工程幾(ji)乎(hu)都需要水(shui)文、水(shui)能、測量、地(di)質、機械、電力(li)等專(zhuan)業的(de)配(pei)合,在(zai)水(shui)工專(zhuan)業內(nei)部,也(ye)需要結構、壩工(土石壩、重力(li)壩、拱壩等)、概預算(suan)(suan)等專(zhuan)業的(de)合作(zuo)。
70年代(dai)以(yi)(yi)前(qian),在用(yong)算(suan)(suan)(suan)盤(pan)和計(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)算(suan)(suan)(suan)尺作為計(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)算(suan)(suan)(suan)工(gong)具(ju)的(de)(de)(de)(de)年代(dai),用(yong)拱冠(guan)梁法(fa)計(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)算(suan)(suan)(suan)一(yi)(yi)(yi)個(ge)(ge)拱壩(ba),三個(ge)(ge)人要(yao)(yao)(yao)算(suan)(suan)(suan)上半(ban)年;用(yong)圓(yuan)弧(hu)滑(hua)動(dong)法(fa)分(fen)析土(tu)壩(ba)的(de)(de)(de)(de)壩(ba)坡穩定,一(yi)(yi)(yi)天只能算(suan)(suan)(suan)一(yi)(yi)(yi)個(ge)(ge)圓(yuan)弧(hu),而(er)(er)要(yao)(yao)(yao)找出(chu)最(zui)危險的(de)(de)(de)(de)滑(hua)動(dong)弧(hu),往(wang)往(wang)要(yao)(yao)(yao)算(suan)(suan)(suan)上數十(shi)(shi)個(ge)(ge)甚至(zhi)上百個(ge)(ge)圓(yuan)弧(hu);一(yi)(yi)(yi)個(ge)(ge)土(tu)壩(ba)下埋(mai)著的(de)(de)(de)(de)涵洞,其結構計(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)算(suan)(suan)(suan),三個(ge)(ge)人要(yao)(yao)(yao)算(suan)(suan)(suan)上三個(ge)(ge)月;水(shui)(shui)電站的(de)(de)(de)(de)調壓(ya)井,其水(shui)(shui)位震(zhen)蕩過程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng),一(yi)(yi)(yi)個(ge)(ge)人要(yao)(yao)(yao)算(suan)(suan)(suan)上幾十(shi)(shi)天,……。水(shui)(shui)利(li)水(shui)(shui)電工(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)繁瑣設計(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)計(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)算(suan)(suan)(suan)還(huan)可(ke)以(yi)(yi)舉出(chu)很(hen)多(duo)(duo)很(hen)多(duo)(duo),而(er)(er)這(zhe)些計(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)算(suan)(suan)(suan)項目直(zhi)至(zhi)今日(ri),在工(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)設計(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)中還(huan)是必不(bu)(bu)可(ke)少(shao)(shao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)。這(zhe)樣的(de)(de)(de)(de)計(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)算(suan)(suan)(suan)效率,對于(yu)“”前(qian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)工(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)技術人員來(lai)(lai)說,可(ke)能都有體會。所以(yi)(yi),從繁瑣的(de)(de)(de)(de)計(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)算(suan)(suan)(suan)中解放(fang)出(chu)來(lai)(lai),使更多(duo)(duo)的(de)(de)(de)(de)精(jing)力(li)用(yong)于(yu)工(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)優化,一(yi)(yi)(yi)直(zhi)是水(shui)(shui)利(li)水(shui)(shui)電工(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)師(shi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)愿望。工(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)設計(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)圖(tu)是工(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)師(shi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)語言和論文,那復雜、密(mi)密(mi)麻麻的(de)(de)(de)(de)線條,凝結著多(duo)(duo)少(shao)(shao)人的(de)(de)(de)(de)艱(jian)苦勞動(dong),特別是那個(ge)(ge)樞紐總平(ping)面(mian)布置圖(tu),牽一(yi)(yi)(yi)線而(er)(er)動(dong)全(quan)局(ju)。當(dang)年,工(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)師(shi)們整天爬在圖(tu)版(ban)上,近(jin)視眼的(de)(de)(de)(de)度數不(bu)(bu)斷(duan)增加,挺直(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)腰干(gan)不(bu)(bu)得(de)不(bu)(bu)彎(wan)下來(lai)(lai)。改(gai)了一(yi)(yi)(yi)次又(you)一(yi)(yi)(yi)次,作廢了多(duo)(duo)少(shao)(shao)圖(tu)紙。所以(yi)(yi),水(shui)(shui)利(li)水(shui)(shui)電工(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)不(bu)(bu)但需要(yao)(yao)(yao)在分(fen)析計(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)算(suan)(suan)(suan)上采用(yong)先(xian)進的(de)(de)(de)(de)計(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)算(suan)(suan)(suan)手段(duan),而(er)(er)且(qie)需要(yao)(yao)(yao)在工(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)繪圖(tu)上采用(yong)CAD手段(duan)。
《水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)利(li)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)電(dian)(dian)工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)設(she)計(ji)計(ji)算程(cheng)(cheng)序(xu)集(ji)》是全國水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)利(li)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)電(dian)(dian)勘測設(she)計(ji)部門中較為完(wan)(wan)整和(he)系(xi)統化的程(cheng)(cheng)序(xu)集(ji),可以完(wan)(wan)成(cheng)中小型水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)利(li)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)電(dian)(dian)工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)的絕(jue)大部分常(chang)規計(ji)算,已經(jing)在(zai)本行業(ye)的40多(duo)個甲級設(she)計(ji)院和(he)眾多(duo)的市、地、縣一(yi)級勘測設(she)計(ji)部門得到應用。另外,還有(you)(you)一(yi)些(xie)沒有(you)(you)收集(ji)到《水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)利(li)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)電(dian)(dian)工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)設(she)計(ji)計(ji)算程(cheng)(cheng)序(xu)集(ji)》的程(cheng)(cheng)序(xu)也在(zai)一(yi)些(xie)設(she)計(ji)院使用著。若干中型、大型工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)的分析計(ji)算軟件(jian)還沒有(you)(you)匯(hui)集(ji)成(cheng)冊。
在計(ji)(ji)(ji)算機輔助(zhu)工程(cheng)設計(ji)(ji)(ji)方面,土石壩(ba)CAD、拱壩(ba)CAD、重(zhong)力壩(ba)CAD、閘門CAD、廠房CAD、樞(shu)紐布(bu)置CAD、水能CAD、隧(sui)洞CAD、渠(qu)系CAD、河道(dao)整治CAD等等,已經(jing)在有些設計(ji)(ji)(ji)院得到(dao)很(hen)好的應用,對(dui)于優化設計(ji)(ji)(ji),提高設計(ji)(ji)(ji)質量(liang),加快設計(ji)(ji)(ji)進(jin)度,減(jian)輕設計(ji)(ji)(ji)人員(yuan)的勞動(dong)強(qiang)度,發(fa)揮了積極的效果。
時至(zhi)今日,很難(nan)設(she)想,沒有水(shui)(shui)利(li)工(gong)程方面的(de)(de)軟件,怎(zen)么(me)進行設(she)計工(gong)作(zuo),這(zhe)就(jiu)是科學技術進步的(de)(de)表現(xian)。這(zhe)些軟件,為(wei)水(shui)(shui)利(li)水(shui)(shui)電工(gong)程采用先進技術,為(wei)優化設(she)計、節約投(tou)資作(zuo)出了巨大(da)的(de)(de)貢(gong)獻。
貢獻雖大,卻經歷了(le)一(yi)(yi)個痛苦的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)過程(cheng)。7、80年(nian)(nian)代(dai),有(you)一(yi)(yi)些設(she)(she)計(ji)(ji)部(bu)門的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)領導(dao),羞羞答(da)答(da)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)擬(ni)投(tou)資計(ji)(ji)算(suan)機,花(hua)幾(ji)(ji)萬、幾(ji)(ji)十(shi)萬元(yuan),買一(yi)(yi)些計(ji)(ji)算(suan)機設(she)(she)備,還勉強通得過,說要(yao)花(hua)幾(ji)(ji)百、幾(ji)(ji)千元(yuan)買軟(ruan)件(jian)(jian)(jian),無(wu)(wu)論(lun)如何也想(xiang)不(bu)(bu)通。這種(zhong)思想(xiang)狀態,現在(zai)仍(reng)然殘留在(zai)社會上(shang)。設(she)(she)備是(shi)(shi)看(kan)得見(jian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de),價(jia)格不(bu)(bu)容懷(huai)疑,不(bu)(bu)能無(wu)(wu)償拿(na)回。軟(ruan)件(jian)(jian)(jian)是(shi)(shi)看(kan)不(bu)(bu)到的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de),它是(shi)(shi)否有(you)價(jia)值(zhi),他們懷(huai)疑,更有(you)甚者,我也可(ke)以盜版(ban)來(lai)。有(you)些設(she)(she)計(ji)(ji)單位的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)領導(dao)花(hua)幾(ji)(ji)百幾(ji)(ji)千元(yuan)請客(ke)吃(chi)飯(fan),眼都不(bu)(bu)眨一(yi)(yi)下,要(yao)他拿(na)出(chu)幾(ji)(ji)百元(yuan)幾(ji)(ji)千元(yuan)買軟(ruan)件(jian)(jian)(jian),根本不(bu)(bu)于考慮。無(wu)(wu)償或低(di)價(jia)使用軟(ruan)件(jian)(jian)(jian),仍(reng)然是(shi)(shi)大家的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)習慣。水(shui)利(li)(li)部(bu)規劃(hua)設(she)(she)計(ji)(ji)總院(yuan)(yuan)在(zai)80年(nian)(nian)代(dai)曾(ceng)投(tou)入上(shang)千萬元(yuan),支持(chi)各(ge)甲級院(yuan)(yuan)開(kai)(kai)發軟(ruan)件(jian)(jian)(jian),但(dan)各(ge)院(yuan)(yuan)用于開(kai)(kai)發的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)人(ren)(ren)(ren)力價(jia)值(zhi),遠(yuan)遠(yuan)超過了(le)規劃(hua)設(she)(she)計(ji)(ji)總院(yuan)(yuan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)投(tou)入,開(kai)(kai)發成果(guo)屬于誰,總院(yuan)(yuan)無(wu)(wu)權,各(ge)院(yuan)(yuan)也不(bu)(bu)愿無(wu)(wu)償提供,但(dan)也賣不(bu)(bu)出(chu)好(hao)價(jia)錢,以收(shou)回成本,最后只(zhi)有(you)本院(yuan)(yuan)獨享,好(hao)在(zai)它著(zhu)(zhu)實提高了(le)我們國家的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)水(shui)利(li)(li)設(she)(she)計(ji)(ji)水(shui)平(ping)。沒有(you)軟(ruan)件(jian)(jian)(jian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)設(she)(she)計(ji)(ji)院(yuan)(yuan)怎么(me)辦(ban),只(zhi)有(you)重復開(kai)(kai)發。當年(nian)(nian)軟(ruan)件(jian)(jian)(jian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)開(kai)(kai)發者,多數是(shi)(shi)出(chu)于對(dui)(dui)科學(xue)技術(shu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)熱愛,對(dui)(dui)事業的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)執著(zhu)(zhu),是(shi)(shi)不(bu)(bu)計(ji)(ji)報(bao)酬的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de),干著(zhu)(zhu)高水(shui)平(ping)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)工作(zuo),拿(na)著(zhu)(zhu)單位的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)平(ping)均(jun)工資,無(wu)(wu)怨(yuan)無(wu)(wu)悔的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)工作(zuo),這樣(yang),遂(sui)產(chan)生了(le)當前(qian)這么(me)多水(shui)利(li)(li)應(ying)用軟(ruan)件(jian)(jian)(jian)。這一(yi)(yi)批人(ren)(ren)(ren)老了(le),退休了(le),年(nian)(nian)輕(qing)人(ren)(ren)(ren)上(shang)來(lai)了(le),也有(you)不(bu)(bu)少好(hao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)軟(ruan)件(jian)(jian)(jian)問世,更豐富了(le)水(shui)利(li)(li)軟(ruan)件(jian)(jian)(jian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)陣(zhen)容。年(nian)(nian)輕(qing)人(ren)(ren)(ren)最講究自我價(jia)值(zhi),這種(zhong)扭曲貢獻與(yu)報(bao)酬的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)關系,能夠吸(xi)引高水(shui)平(ping)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)技術(shu)人(ren)(ren)(ren)員長(chang)期(qi)投(tou)入嗎?
水利水電工程中物流系統研究論文
1水(shui)利水(shui)電工程物流系統(tong)的特征
水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)利(li)(li)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)電(dian)(dian)工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)流(liu)系(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)具(ju)(ju)有整體性(xing)(xing)、相關(guan)(guan)性(xing)(xing)、目的(de)(de)(de)性(xing)(xing)、環(huan)境適應(ying)性(xing)(xing),同時還具(ju)(ju)有規(gui)模龐大、結構(gou)復(fu)雜(za)、目標(biao)眾(zhong)多(duo)(duo)(duo)等(deng)大系(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)所具(ju)(ju)有的(de)(de)(de)特征。①水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)利(li)(li)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)電(dian)(dian)工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)流(liu)系(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)是(shi)(shi)一個(ge)(ge)“人——機(ji)系(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)”:水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)利(li)(li)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)電(dian)(dian)工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)流(liu)系(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)是(shi)(shi)由人和(he)形(xing)成勞動手段(duan)的(de)(de)(de)設備、工(gong)(gong)(gong)具(ju)(ju)所組(zu)成。②水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)利(li)(li)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)電(dian)(dian)工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)流(liu)系(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)是(shi)(shi)一個(ge)(ge)大跨度(du)系(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong):這反映在(zai)地域(yu)跨度(du)大和(he)時間(jian)跨度(du)大。③水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)利(li)(li)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)電(dian)(dian)工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)流(liu)系(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)是(shi)(shi)一個(ge)(ge)可分系(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong):作為水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)利(li)(li)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)電(dian)(dian)工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)流(liu)系(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong),無論其規(gui)模多(duo)(duo)(duo)么(me)龐大,都可以分解(jie)(jie)成若干個(ge)(ge)相關(guan)(guan)聯系(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)的(de)(de)(de)子系(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)。④水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)利(li)(li)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)電(dian)(dian)工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)流(liu)系(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)是(shi)(shi)一個(ge)(ge)動態(tai)系(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)利(li)(li)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)電(dian)(dian)工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)流(liu)系(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)聯結多(duo)(duo)(duo)個(ge)(ge)供應(ying)商(shang)和(he)工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)施工(gong)(gong)(gong)需要,隨(sui)需求、供應(ying)、渠道、價格的(de)(de)(de)變(bian)化,系(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)內的(de)(de)(de)要素(su)及系(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)的(de)(de)(de)運行(xing)經(jing)(jing)常發生變(bian)化。⑤水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)利(li)(li)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)電(dian)(dian)工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)流(liu)系(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)的(de)(de)(de)復(fu)雜(za)性(xing)(xing):水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)利(li)(li)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)電(dian)(dian)工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)建設所耗用物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)資的(de)(de)(de)數量(liang)(liang)大、品(pin)種繁多(duo)(duo)(duo)、專業(ye)性(xing)(xing)較(jiao)強、且具(ju)(ju)有不(bu)均衡性(xing)(xing)和(he)不(bu)確定性(xing)(xing)。并且受物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)流(liu)系(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)中(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)采購、運輸、倉儲、信(xin)息(xi)、供應(ying)等(deng)子系(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)的(de)(de)(de)制約,這些(xie)子系(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)的(de)(de)(de)組(zu)織和(he)合理運用,是(shi)(shi)一個(ge)(ge)非常復(fu)雜(za)的(de)(de)(de)問題。⑥水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)電(dian)(dian)工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)流(liu)系(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)是(shi)(shi)一個(ge)(ge)多(duo)(duo)(duo)目標(biao)函(han)數系(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong):水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)利(li)(li)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)電(dian)(dian)工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)流(liu)系(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)的(de)(de)(de)總目標(biao)是(shi)(shi)實(shi)現宏(hong)觀和(he)微(wei)觀的(de)(de)(de)經(jing)(jing)濟效益。解(jie)(jie)決最優(you)訂貨策略、信(xin)息(xi)管(guan)理、隨(sui)機(ji)情況下的(de)(de)(de)庫存(cun)風險管(guan)理和(he)安全(quan)庫存(cun)量(liang)(liang)的(de)(de)(de)確定,使之有效的(de)(de)(de)對水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)電(dian)(dian)工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)流(liu)進(jin)行(xing)管(guan)理,達到工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)項(xiang)目的(de)(de)(de)投資、進(jin)度(du)、質量(liang)(liang)三個(ge)(ge)控(kong)制的(de)(de)(de)預(yu)定目標(biao)等(deng)都是(shi)(shi)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)利(li)(li)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)電(dian)(dian)工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)建設管(guan)理者面對且必(bi)須(xu)解(jie)(jie)決的(de)(de)(de)問題。
2水利水電工程物流優(you)化系(xi)統構建
物(wu)(wu)流(liu)從控(kong)制論的(de)觀點(dian),其管理(li)過(guo)(guo)(guo)程就是(shi)(shi)信(xin)(xin)息的(de)收(shou)集、傳(chuan)遞(di)、加工(gong)(gong)(gong)、判斷和決策的(de)過(guo)(guo)(guo)程,以(yi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)程建設為例,其全部活(huo)動(dong)可概括(kuo)為兩大(da)類:一(yi)類是(shi)(shi)生(sheng)產活(huo)動(dong),一(yi)類是(shi)(shi)管理(li)活(huo)動(dong),圍繞和伴隨(sui)著一(yi)系列生(sheng)產活(huo)動(dong),執行著決策,計劃和調節職能,以(yi)保證(zheng)生(sheng)產有(you)序高效進行,伴隨(sui)著生(sheng)產活(huo)動(dong)的(de)是(shi)(shi)物(wu)(wu)流(liu),伴隨(sui)著管理(li)活(huo)動(dong)的(de)是(shi)(shi)信(xin)(xin)息流(liu)。在(zai)水(shui)利水(shui)電(dian)工(gong)(gong)(gong)程物(wu)(wu)流(liu)系統管理(li)中(zhong),大(da)量的(de)信(xin)(xin)息量通過(guo)(guo)(guo)有(you)效的(de)管理(li),將(jiang)會更加有(you)力的(de)保證(zheng)工(gong)(gong)(gong)程進度,降低工(gong)(gong)(gong)程成本,提高經(jing)濟效益(yi)。
水(shui)利(li)水(shui)電工(gong)(gong)程物(wu)(wu)流信(xin)(xin)(xin)息(xi)(xi)(xi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)基本內容(rong)(rong)基本包(bao)括(kuo)(kuo)七(qi)個方(fang)面(mian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)內容(rong)(rong):①需(xu)求信(xin)(xin)(xin)息(xi)(xi)(xi):包(bao)括(kuo)(kuo)工(gong)(gong)程設(she)計、施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)預算、施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)圖文(wen)件(jian)、施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)方(fang)案(an)、工(gong)(gong)程進度計劃、物(wu)(wu)資(zi)(zi)(zi)需(xu)求數量、物(wu)(wu)資(zi)(zi)(zi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)品種規格、資(zi)(zi)(zi)金計劃、招投(tou)標文(wen)件(jian)、投(tou)標書、合(he)同文(wen)件(jian)等(deng)。②資(zi)(zi)(zi)源信(xin)(xin)(xin)息(xi)(xi)(xi):包(bao)括(kuo)(kuo)資(zi)(zi)(zi)源的(de)(de)(de)(de)分(fen)布(bu)、結(jie)構和(he)潛(qian)力(li)情(qing)況(kuang)(kuang)。③供應(ying)(ying)信(xin)(xin)(xin)息(xi)(xi)(xi):包(bao)括(kuo)(kuo)各(ge)(ge)種供應(ying)(ying)渠道的(de)(de)(de)(de)變化和(he)競爭的(de)(de)(de)(de)信(xin)(xin)(xin)息(xi)(xi)(xi)。④消(xiao)(xiao)耗(hao)(hao)信(xin)(xin)(xin)息(xi)(xi)(xi):包(bao)括(kuo)(kuo)物(wu)(wu)資(zi)(zi)(zi)消(xiao)(xiao)耗(hao)(hao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)原始記錄,主要材料(liao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)核銷情(qing)況(kuang)(kuang)、單位產品消(xiao)(xiao)耗(hao)(hao)、同類(lei)工(gong)(gong)程消(xiao)(xiao)耗(hao)(hao)情(qing)況(kuang)(kuang)、降低(di)消(xiao)(xiao)耗(hao)(hao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)主要措(cuo)施(shi)(shi)和(he)經驗。⑤資(zi)(zi)(zi)金信(xin)(xin)(xin)息(xi)(xi)(xi):即各(ge)(ge)工(gong)(gong)程物(wu)(wu)資(zi)(zi)(zi)采購(gou)資(zi)(zi)(zi)金使(shi)用情(qing)況(kuang)(kuang)、資(zi)(zi)(zi)金周(zhou)轉次數等(deng)。⑥儲(chu)運信(xin)(xin)(xin)息(xi)(xi)(xi):包(bao)括(kuo)(kuo)運輸(shu)路線、運輸(shu)工(gong)(gong)具、裝卸、運輸(shu)費(fei)用、運輸(shu)條件(jian)、運輸(shu)方(fang)式、交(jiao)通運輸(shu)狀況(kuang)(kuang)、倉庫設(she)施(shi)(shi)及(ji)設(she)備狀況(kuang)(kuang)、倉儲(chu)條件(jian)、入(ru)庫及(ji)出庫信(xin)(xin)(xin)息(xi)(xi)(xi)、庫存情(qing)況(kuang)(kuang)、大(da)型機電設(she)備運輸(shu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)沿途狀況(kuang)(kuang)和(he)倉儲(chu)裝卸情(qing)況(kuang)(kuang)、物(wu)(wu)資(zi)(zi)(zi)在工(gong)(gong)程各(ge)(ge)標段的(de)(de)(de)(de)流向等(deng)。⑦物(wu)(wu)資(zi)(zi)(zi)經濟政策(ce)(ce)及(ji)管理信(xin)(xin)(xin)息(xi)(xi)(xi):包(bao)括(kuo)(kuo)國家對有(you)有(you)關(guan)物(wu)(wu)資(zi)(zi)(zi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)方(fang)針政策(ce)(ce)和(he)措(cuo)施(shi)(shi),物(wu)(wu)資(zi)(zi)(zi)市場的(de)(de)(de)(de)管理措(cuo)施(shi)(shi)和(he)要求,國民經濟計劃安(an)排對物(wu)(wu)資(zi)(zi)(zi)市場供求的(de)(de)(de)(de)影響,還(huan)包(bao)括(kuo)(kuo)各(ge)(ge)種物(wu)(wu)資(zi)(zi)(zi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)經濟訂(ding)購(gou)批量,各(ge)(ge)種調查(cha)報(bao)表、專(zhuan)題報(bao)告、物(wu)(wu)資(zi)(zi)(zi)管理方(fang)面(mian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)指(zhi)令(ling)、條例和(he)規章制(zhi)度,物(wu)(wu)資(zi)(zi)(zi)綜(zong)合(he)利(li)用情(qing)況(kuang)(kuang)以及(ji)回收、修復(fu)、再(zai)生(sheng)、復(fu)用的(de)(de)(de)(de)情(qing)況(kuang)(kuang)等(deng)等(deng)。
通過上面的分(fen)析我們可以看出,物(wu)流(liu)(liu)信(xin)息系(xi)(xi)統是水(shui)利(li)水(shui)電工程物(wu)流(liu)(liu)系(xi)(xi)統中(zhong)的一個重要的子(zi)系(xi)(xi)統,是通過對(dui)水(shui)利(li)水(shui)電工程物(wu)流(liu)(liu)相關(guan)的信(xin)息進(jin)行加(jia)工處理來實現對(dui)物(wu)流(liu)(liu)的有效控制和管理,并為物(wu)流(liu)(liu)管理提(ti)供(gong)戰略及(ji)運(yun)作決(jue)策支(zhi)持的系(xi)(xi)統。物(wu)流(liu)(liu)信(xin)息系(xi)(xi)統管理兩類(lei)活(huo)動流(liu)(liu)中(zhong)的信(xin)息
水利水電工程管理論文
1.水(shui)(shui)利水(shui)(shui)電工(gong)程施工(gong)管(guan)理的特征
水利工程施(shi)工管理系統(tong)組成十分復(fu)雜,影響因素多(duo)變。工程施(shi)工管理主要特征(zheng)如下[1]:
(1)涉(she)及(ji)面廣。工程施工管理工作涉(she)及(ji)工業、水利、電力、交(jiao)通、城建、環保等諸多領域(yu)。
(2)涉及學科廣。工程(cheng)施(shi)工管理工作(zuo)涉及地質、氣象、園林、經(jing)濟、法律、管理等學科。
(3)涉(she)及法律(lv)、法規多。工(gong)程施(shi)工(gong)管理涉(she)及《合(he)同法》等,同時(shi)涉(she)及水利、電(dian)力、交通、土地、礦山、城建等相(xiang)關部門的法律(lv)法規。
(4)地(di)區(qu)差異大(da)。全國各(ge)地(di)存在不同的(de)(de)社會經(jing)(jing)濟環(huan)境,一(yi)個市、一(yi)個鄉都存在不同的(de)(de)社會經(jing)(jing)濟環(huan)境。通(tong)常(chang)人(ren)們(men)說的(de)(de)施(shi)工環(huan)境好(hao)壞,有的(de)(de)地(di)方工程施(shi)工管理(li)容易,有的(de)(de)地(di)方工程施(shi)工管理(li)難度大(da),就包含了不同的(de)(de)社會經(jing)(jing)濟環(huan)境這一(yi)因素。
水利水電工程地質勘測論文
一、全球定(ding)位系統(GPS)的應用
GPS越(yue)來越(yue)廣泛地應用(yong)(yong)于水利水電工程(cheng)(cheng)地質(zhi)勘(kan)察測量及定位控制,它在高程(cheng)(cheng)控制方(fang)面能較好地解決跨河、跨溝水準難以(yi)傳遞的(de)問題,以(yi)及在勘(kan)察區(qu)控制點較少,或在山(shan)區(qu)、林區(qu)等(deng)通視條件較差、觀測條件受限的(de)區(qu)域(yu)進行工程(cheng)(cheng)地質(zhi)勘(kan)察時,運用(yong)(yong)GPS可大大減少作業時間,提高測量精度。
二、遙感技術的應用
遙(yao)(yao)感(gan)技術按照遙(yao)(yao)感(gan)平(ping)臺的高度不(bu)同,一般(ban)分為航(hang)天遙(yao)(yao)感(gan)、航(hang)空遙(yao)(yao)感(gan)和地(di)面遙(yao)(yao)感(gan)共3大(da)類(lei)。遙(yao)(yao)感(gan)技術由于視域廣闊(kuo)、信息豐(feng)富、具立(li)體(ti)感(gan)、衛(wei)星影像(xiang)成周(zhou)期性重現以(yi)及獲(huo)取資(zi)料快速等特點,被廣泛應用于水利水電(dian)工程中有(you)關重大(da)工程地(di)質問(wen)題及相關的環(huan)境等問(wen)題的調查與研究。
(一(yi))區(qu)(qu)(qu)域(yu)構(gou)造穩定性研(yan)究。由于遙(yao)感圖(tu)像能提供大量宏觀的線(xian)性構(gou)造信(xin)息,較好地(di)反映區(qu)(qu)(qu)域(yu)地(di)質(zhi)特(te)(te)征、水系(xi)分(fen)布特(te)(te)征和地(di)貌形態,所以(yi)對研(yan)究區(qu)(qu)(qu)域(yu)構(gou)造格架,確定斷(duan)裂(lie)體系(xi)及(ji)活(huo)動性以(yi)及(ji)評(ping)價(jia)工(gong)程(cheng)及(ji)其周緣地(di)區(qu)(qu)(qu)的構(gou)造穩定性有重大作用。因此(ci)遙(yao)感技術的應用也成為研(yan)究此(ci)問題必(bi)用的手段(duan)。
(二)水庫區塌、滑坡、泥(ni)石流調查(cha)(cha)(cha)。在大型(xing)水利(li)水電工(gong)程庫區岸坡的(de)滑坡、崩塌、泥(ni)石流以及(ji)某些松(song)散堆積體的(de)調查(cha)(cha)(cha)中,有一些工(gong)程應(ying)用遙感技(ji)術利(li)用航衛片(pian)或(huo)彩紅(hong)外片(pian)進行地質(zhi)解譯,結合(he)野外現場觀察、復(fu)查(cha)(cha)(cha)和檢查(cha)(cha)(cha)查(cha)(cha)(cha)明了許多久(jiu)拖不決(jue)的(de)影響庫岸穩定性評價的(de)大型(xing)或(huo)較大型(xing)、塌滑體的(de)數量,分布及(ji)其穩定狀態。
水利水電工程施工安全管理論文
1.水利(li)水電工程施工管理的特征
水利工(gong)程(cheng)施工(gong)管(guan)理系統組成(cheng)十分復雜,影響因素多(duo)變。工(gong)程(cheng)施工(gong)管(guan)理主要特征(zheng)如下(xia)[1]:
(1)涉及面廣。工(gong)(gong)程施工(gong)(gong)管理工(gong)(gong)作涉及工(gong)(gong)業、水利、電(dian)力、交(jiao)通、城(cheng)建(jian)、環(huan)保等(deng)諸多(duo)領(ling)域(yu)。
(2)涉(she)及學科廣。工程施工管理(li)工作涉(she)及地質、氣象(xiang)、園林(lin)、經濟、法律(lv)、管理(li)等學科。
(3)涉(she)及法(fa)律(lv)、法(fa)規(gui)多。工程施工管理涉(she)及《合同法(fa)》等(deng),同時涉(she)及水利(li)、電力、交(jiao)通、土地、礦山、城建等(deng)相(xiang)關(guan)部(bu)門的法(fa)律(lv)法(fa)規(gui)。
(4)地區差(cha)異大。全國各地存在(zai)不同的(de)(de)(de)社會經濟(ji)環(huan)境(jing)(jing),一個(ge)市、一個(ge)鄉都存在(zai)不同的(de)(de)(de)社會經濟(ji)環(huan)境(jing)(jing)。通常人們(men)說的(de)(de)(de)施(shi)工(gong)環(huan)境(jing)(jing)好壞,有的(de)(de)(de)地方(fang)工(gong)程施(shi)工(gong)管理容(rong)易,有的(de)(de)(de)地方(fang)工(gong)程施(shi)工(gong)管理難度大,就包含了(le)不同的(de)(de)(de)社會經濟(ji)環(huan)境(jing)(jing)這一因素。
水利水電工程施工安全管理研究論文
【論文(wen)關鍵詞】:水利水電(dian)工程;施工;安(an)全管理
【論文摘要】:文章(zhang)通過對水(shui)利水(shui)電工程管(guan)理(li)特征和(he)影響施(shi)工安全(quan)的因素進行分析,工程施(shi)工應(ying)該"以(yi)人為本(ben),安全(quan)第一",并分析了(le)安全(quan)管(guan)理(li)應(ying)遵循的原(yuan)則及其實施(shi)的方法(fa)。
隨著我國(guo)建(jian)(jian)筑業管(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)體(ti)制(zhi)改(gai)革的(de)(de)(de)不(bu)斷(duan)(duan)深化,以工(gong)程項(xiang)目(mu)(mu)管(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)為(wei)核(he)心(xin)的(de)(de)(de)中(zhong)國(guo)水利水電施工(gong)企(qi)業的(de)(de)(de)經營(ying)管(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)體(ti)制(zhi)也發生了(le)很大的(de)(de)(de)變化。以“項(xiang)目(mu)(mu)法(fa)人制(zhi)、招標投標制(zhi)、建(jian)(jian)設監(jian)理(li)(li)制(zhi)”等為(wei)核(he)心(xin)內容的(de)(de)(de)三(san)項(xiang)制(zhi)度的(de)(de)(de)不(bu)斷(duan)(duan)推(tui)廣。作為(wei)施工(gong)企(qi)業,既(ji)要(yao)為(wei)業主(zhu)提供一(yi)個合格、優良的(de)(de)(de)建(jian)(jian)筑產品,又要(yao)取得一(yi)定的(de)(de)(de)社(she)會效益(yi)和經濟效益(yi),這就要(yao)求項(xiang)目(mu)(mu)經理(li)(li)部必(bi)須(xu)對(dui)施工(gong)項(xiang)目(mu)(mu)進(jin)行規范、科學地(di)管(guan)(guan)理(li)(li),特別是(shi)加強對(dui)工(gong)程質量(liang)、進(jin)度、成本、安全(quan)進(jin)行管(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)控制(zhi)。
水利水電工(gong)程施(shi)工(gong)全(quan)過(guo)程的(de)(de)安(an)全(quan)管(guan)(guan)理是保護(hu)勞動者安(an)全(quan)、健(jian)康(kang)和發(fa)展(zhan)生產力的(de)(de)重要工(gong)作,同時也是維(wei)護(hu)社會安(an)定團結,促進國(guo)(guo)民經(jing)(jing)(jing)濟穩定、持續、健(jian)康(kang)發(fa)展(zhan)的(de)(de)基本條件。隨著市(shi)場(chang)經(jing)(jing)(jing)濟不斷發(fa)展(zhan),水利水電施(shi)工(gong)企業整體的(de)(de)安(an)全(quan)管(guan)(guan)理工(gong)作已遠(yuan)遠(yuan)不能適應現代(dai)企業制度要求。如何提高安(an)全(quan)管(guan)(guan)理水平(ping),是擺在我們面前的(de)(de)重要任務。經(jing)(jing)(jing)過(guo)長期的(de)(de)實踐已經(jing)(jing)(jing)形成了“國(guo)(guo)家監(jian)(jian)察,行業管(guan)(guan)理,企業負(fu)責,群(qun)眾監(jian)(jian)督,勞動者遵(zun)章守紀”的(de)(de)工(gong)作體制,并摸索(suo)出了一套(tao)適合于市(shi)場(chang)經(jing)(jing)(jing)濟的(de)(de)管(guan)(guan)理辦法(fa)。
根(gen)據安(an)全科學技(ji)術的規定,安(an)全的涵義為:沒有危險、不受威脅、不出事故(gu),即消除能導致人員(yuan)傷(shang)害、發生疾病和死亡,或者造成設(she)備財產破(po)壞(huai)、損失以(yi)及危害環境的條件。
1.水(shui)(shui)利(li)水(shui)(shui)電工程施(shi)工管理的特征
大型水利水電工程論文
1系統特點
1.1大(da)型水電站施(shi)工供電的重要(yao)性
很多水(shui)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)站施工(gong)現場(chang)(chang)對(dui)施工(gong)供電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)重(zhong)視程(cheng)度往(wang)往(wang)停留在(zai)口頭(tou)(tou)和(he)書面(mian)(mian)資料上(shang),對(dui)其(qi)真正(zheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)重(zhong)要性認識很淺(qian)薄,認為施工(gong)供電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)系(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)是輔助生產系(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong),只(zhi)要電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)量(liang)能基本(ben)(ben)滿足施工(gong)即可。其(qi)實不然,為讓大(da)家了解大(da)型(xing)水(shui)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)站施工(gong)供電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)重(zhong)要性,下面(mian)(mian)列舉幾個(ge)實例進行說明。二灘(tan)水(shui)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)站建(jian)設(she)過程(cheng)中曾(ceng)發生一(yi)起(qi)大(da)壩(ba)混(hun)凝(ning)土澆(jiao)筑冷卻系(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)特(te)種變壓(ya)器(qi)故(gu)障(zhang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)事件(jian),由于沒(mei)有備(bei)用(yong)變壓(ya)器(qi),為減(jian)少損(sun)(sun)失(shi)(shi),業(ye)主(zhu)動用(yong)了伊爾(er)-76大(da)型(xing)運(yun)輸機從北京(jing)特(te)種變壓(ya)器(qi)廠“搶”了1臺變壓(ya)器(qi)到現場(chang)(chang),大(da)壩(ba)混(hun)凝(ning)土澆(jiao)筑前后停了5d,由此產生的(de)(de)(de)(de)直接(jie)費用(yong)(停工(gong)損(sun)(sun)失(shi)(shi)、變壓(ya)器(qi)運(yun)輸費用(yong)及(ji)間接(jie)費用(yong)(工(gong)期(qi)損(sun)(sun)失(shi)(shi)已遠(yuan)遠(yuan)超出變壓(ya)器(qi)本(ben)(ben)體價格。長河壩(ba)大(da)壩(ba)防滲墻灌漿時(shi),由于飛(fei)石造(zao)成(cheng)供電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)線(xian)路癱瘓(huan),設(she)備(bei)失(shi)(shi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)造(zao)成(cheng)正(zheng)在(zai)鉆孔的(de)(de)(de)(de)鉆頭(tou)(tou)無(wu)法拔出,灌漿管路漿液(ye)凝(ning)固(gu)在(zai)管內,導致這批進口鉆頭(tou)(tou)全部(bu)報廢,給(gei)業(ye)主(zhu)和(he)施工(gong)方均造(zao)成(cheng)巨大(da)損(sun)(sun)失(shi)(shi)。黃金坪在(zai)大(da)壩(ba)基坑(keng)清(qing)理時(shi)正(zheng)值汛期(qi),一(yi)次突(tu)然的(de)(de)(de)(de)停電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian),造(zao)成(cheng)基坑(keng)水(shui)泵及(ji)各種施工(gong)機械設(she)備(bei)全部(bu)被水(shui)淹沒(mei),險些引發重(zhong)大(da)安全事故(gu),事故(gu)停電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)只(zhi)30min,卻造(zao)成(cheng)了重(zhong)大(da)損(sun)(sun)失(shi)(shi)。
1.2大(da)型水電(dian)站施工供電(dian)負荷都很重(zhong)
從上(shang)面的(de)數據看出目前已(yi)建和在建的(de)大型水利(li)水電工程的(de)施工供電負荷,都呈(cheng)現負荷重的(de)特點(dian),其規模(mo)不遜于城市用(yong)電量(liang)。
1.3大型(xing)水電(dian)站(zhan)施工供電(dian)電(dian)壓等(deng)級高
全自動水利水電工程論文
1水利(li)水電工程(cheng)節能降耗影(ying)響因素
1.1人才技術
當今時代(dai),科(ke)學(xue)(xue)技術的功能(neng)幾乎已經(jing)覆蓋所有領域(yu),為社(she)會的發展做出重大(da)貢獻。水電水利(li)(li)工程涉及水力(li)學(xue)(xue)、電力(li)學(xue)(xue)以(yi)及物理(li)學(xue)(xue)等多門學(xue)(xue)科(ke),其節能(neng)降耗(hao)方(fang)面還涉及生態學(xue)(xue)等領域(yu),需(xu)要投(tou)入這(zhe)項事(shi)業的人才(cai)具備較高的綜(zong)合素(su)質,掌握(wo)較為精湛的技術。技術的應用依靠人才(cai),可以(yi)實現人才(cai)和(he)技術之間必須進行良好地整(zheng)合,如此才(cai)能(neng)確保水利(li)(li)水電工程的節能(neng)降耗(hao)事(shi)業順利(li)(li)向前發展。
1.2精神因素
節(jie)能(neng)降耗(hao)理念的(de)(de)出現為(wei)社會發展提供了較(jiao)為(wei)明確(que)的(de)(de)方向,但是實際情況并不(bu)樂觀。廣(guang)大人民的(de)(de)思想觀念仍然停(ting)留在(zai)傳統狀態,對于節(jie)能(neng)環保沒有(you)較(jiao)為(wei)深刻的(de)(de)認識,這種(zhong)狀況使得水利水電工程的(de)(de)節(jie)能(neng)降耗(hao)工作遭受較(jiao)為(wei)嚴重的(de)(de)阻礙。但是社會范圍內仍然存(cun)在(zai)一部分節(jie)能(neng)意(yi)識較(jiao)強的(de)(de)人們(men),正在(zai)為(wei)我國的(de)(de)的(de)(de)節(jie)能(neng)事業奮斗(dou)。
1.3生態因素