為防范農藥殘(can)留超標蔬菜上市銷售，確(que)保廣大人民群眾(zhong)的(de)飲食安全，根據《中華人民共(gong)和國(guo)(guo)農產品質量安全法》、《國(guo)(guo)務院關于(yu)進一步加強食品安全工作(zuo)的(de)決定》等有(you)關法律法規(gui)，結合(he)我(wo)市實際(ji)，現就(jiu)市區農藥殘(can)留超標蔬菜銷毀(hui)補償工作(zuo)提出如下意見：

一、農藥殘留超標蔬菜(cai)銷毀的范圍(wei)

市區范(fan)圍內農副(fu)產品(pin)批發市場、生鮮物(wu)流配(pei)送中(zhong)心和大型(xing)連鎖超(chao)市等(deng)單位（以(yi)下統稱蔬菜經營單位）經營的(de)農藥殘留超(chao)標(biao)的(de)各(ge)類蔬菜。

二、農藥(yao)殘留超標(biao)蔬菜的檢測和銷毀處理

蔬(shu)菜(cai)(cai)經(jing)(jing)營單位(wei)(wei)及有關部門(men)要(yao)按照《中(zhong)華(hua)人民(min)共(gong)和國農(nong)產(chan)品(pin)質(zhi)量安全法》、《農(nong)產(chan)品(pin)安全質(zhi)量無公害蔬(shu)菜(cai)(cai)安全要(yao)求(qiu)(qiu)》和《蔬(shu)菜(cai)(cai)中(zhong)有機(ji)磷和氨基甲酸酯類農(nong)藥殘(can)留量的快速檢測(ce)》等法律法規和標(biao)準(zhun)要(yao)求(qiu)(qiu)，依照法定程(cheng)序(xu)對蔬(shu)菜(cai)(cai)進(jin)行檢測(ce)。經(jing)(jing)檢測(ce)，農(nong)藥殘(can)留超標(biao)的蔬(shu)菜(cai)(cai)，由蔬(shu)菜(cai)(cai)經(jing)(jing)營單位(wei)(wei)在工商(shang)、農(nong)業、質(zhi)監(jian)等有法定職(zhi)權的部門(men)監(jian)督下就地(di)封(feng)存，并進(jin)行銷(xiao)毀。

三、對被銷毀(hui)的農(nong)藥殘留超標蔬(shu)菜供貨商的補償

近(jin)年來，由于農(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)消(xiao)費過程(cheng)(cheng)中(zhong)無視農(nong)(nong)(nong)藥(yao)(yao)的(de)(de)(de)正確(que)(que)、合(he)理(li)運(yun)用(yong)(yong)(yong)，農(nong)(nong)(nong)藥(yao)(yao)污(wu)染問題(ti)(ti)經常(chang)發作，農(nong)(nong)(nong)藥(yao)(yao)殘(can)(can)留(liu)(liu)量(liang)超標現象相(xiang)當嚴重(zhong)(zhong)，并呈現逐年加劇的(de)(de)(de)趨向。為(wei)保證人民(min)的(de)(de)(de)身(shen)體安康、有(you)(you)(you)效控(kong)制農(nong)(nong)(nong)藥(yao)(yao)在(zai)農(nong)(nong)(nong)產(chan)品(pin)消(xiao)費中(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)運(yun)用(yong)(yong)(yong)和(he)對其殘(can)(can)留(liu)(liu)量(liang)停止監控(kong)，鼎力(li)展開農(nong)(nong)(nong)藥(yao)(yao)殘(can)(can)留(liu)(liu)檢(jian)(jian)測技(ji)(ji)(ji)術(shu)特(te)別(bie)是(shi)(shi)相(xiang)關(guan)的(de)(de)(de)前(qian)(qian)處置(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)技(ji)(ji)(ji)術(shu)的(de)(de)(de)研討是(shi)(shi)十分(fen)必要(yao)的(de)(de)(de)。農(nong)(nong)(nong)藥(yao)(yao)殘(can)(can)留(liu)(liu)測定(ding)之前(qian)(qian)要(yao)有(you)(you)(you)合(he)適于各種(zhong)樣(yang)品(pin)的(de)(de)(de)理(li)化(hua)(hua)性(xing)質的(de)(de)(de)萃(cui)取(qu)、凈(jing)化(hua)(hua)、濃縮等(deng)前(qian)(qian)處置(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)步(bu)驟，這些前(qian)(qian)處置(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)過程(cheng)(cheng)常(chang)常(chang)對農(nong)(nong)(nong)藥(yao)(yao)殘(can)(can)留(liu)(liu)剖(pou)析的(de)(de)(de)精(jing)確(que)(que)性(xing)、準確(que)(que)水平有(you)(you)(you)重(zhong)(zhong)要(yao)影響。由于農(nong)(nong)(nong)藥(yao)(yao)殘(can)(can)留(liu)(liu)檢(jian)(jian)測技(ji)(ji)(ji)術(shu)觸(chu)及的(de)(de)(de)樣(yang)種(zhong)類類繁多(duo)、樣(yang)品(pin)組成及其濃度復雜多(duo)變、樣(yang)品(pin)物(wu)理(li)形態范圍(wei)普遍(bian)，對農(nong)(nong)(nong)藥(yao)(yao)殘(can)(can)留(liu)(liu)測定(ding)構成的(de)(de)(de)干擾要(yao)素特(te)別(bie)多(duo)，所以(yi)需(xu)求選擇科(ke)學有(you)(you)(you)效的(de)(de)(de)處置(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)辦法。據(ju)統計標明，大局部農(nong)(nong)(nong)藥(yao)(yao)殘(can)(can)留(liu)(liu)檢(jian)(jian)測實驗室中(zhong)用(yong)(yong)(yong)于農(nong)(nong)(nong)藥(yao)(yao)殘(can)(can)留(liu)(liu)檢(jian)(jian)測樣(yang)品(pin)前(qian)(qian)處置(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)過程(cheng)(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)時間(jian)(jian)約占整(zheng)個剖(pou)析時間(jian)(jian)的(de)(de)(de)2/3。為(wei)了進步(bu)剖(pou)析測定(ding)效率，改善和(he)優化(hua)(hua)農(nong)(nong)(nong)藥(yao)(yao)殘(can)(can)留(liu)(liu)檢(jian)(jian)測樣(yang)品(pin)制備(bei)的(de)(de)(de)辦法和(he)技(ji)(ji)(ji)術(shu)是(shi)(shi)一個重(zhong)(zhong)要(yao)問題(ti)(ti)。在(zai)現代農(nong)(nong)(nong)藥(yao)(yao)殘(can)(can)留(liu)(liu)剖(pou)析中(zhong)，有(you)(you)(you)些提取(qu)辦法曾經可以(yi)到達局部凈(jing)化(hua)(hua)或(huo)完整(zheng)凈(jing)化(hua)(hua)的(de)(de)(de)效果。因而(er)，提取(qu)和(he)凈(jing)化(hua)(hua)辦法的(de)(de)(de)界(jie)線(xian)已非常(chang)含糊。這些新技(ji)(ji)(ji)術(shu)的(de)(de)(de)共同特(te)性(xing)是(shi)(shi)儉省(sheng)時間(jian)(jian)，減輕勞動強度，儉省(sheng)溶劑，減少樣(yang)品(pin)用(yong)(yong)(yong)量(liang)，進步(bu)提取(qu)或(huo)凈(jing)化(hua)(hua)效率以(yi)及自動化(hua)(hua)程(cheng)(cheng)度。目前(qian)(qian)，得到普遍(bian)應(ying)用(yong)(yong)(yong)的(de)(de)(de)新技(ji)(ji)(ji)術(shu)主要(yao)有(you)(you)(you)超臨(lin)界(jie)流體提取(qu)、固相(xiang)微萃(cui)取(qu)、微波輔助萃(cui)取(qu)技(ji)(ji)(ji)術(shu)、膠浸(jin)透色(se)譜、基(ji)質固相(xiang)分(fen)散萃(cui)取(qu)、固相(xiang)萃(cui)取(qu)等(deng)。

1超臨界流(liu)體(ti)萃(cui)取（SupercriticalFluidExtraction，SFE）

超(chao)(chao)臨(lin)(lin)界(jie)流(liu)(liu)體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)（supercriticalfluid，SCF）是指處于臨(lin)(lin)界(jie)溫度(du)和(he)(he)(he)臨(lin)(lin)界(jie)壓力的(de)(de)非凝縮性的(de)(de)高密度(du)流(liu)(liu)體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)。這(zhe)種(zhong)流(liu)(liu)體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)介于氣體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)和(he)(he)(he)液體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)之間，兼具二者的(de)(de)優點。超(chao)(chao)臨(lin)(lin)界(jie)流(liu)(liu)體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)萃(cui)(cui)取(qu)（SFE）是指應用處于超(chao)(chao)臨(lin)(lin)界(jie)狀態的(de)(de)流(liu)(liu)體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)為溶劑對(dui)樣(yang)品中(zhong)待測組(zu)分的(de)(de)萃(cui)(cui)取(qu)辦法。Lehotay等(deng)[2]初次報道(dao)了(le)應用SFE技術(shu)檢(jian)(jian)(jian)測蔬菜(cai)中(zhong)五氯硝基(ji)苯殘留(liu)，樣(yang)品無需(xu)進一(yi)(yi)步(bu)凈化即可(ke)經(jing)過氣質聯(lian)機（GC-MS）檢(jian)(jian)(jian)測。隨后(hou)Lehotay等(deng)再次運用SFE，GC-MS檢(jian)(jian)(jian)測了(le)蔬菜(cai)、水果(guo)中(zhong)46種(zhong)農藥殘留(liu)，除(chu)甲(jia)(jia)胺磷和(he)(he)(he)乙酰甲(jia)(jia)胺磷外，其他農藥的(de)(de)回收率都在(zai)80%以(yi)上(shang)。為進步(bu)SFE的(de)(de)萃(cui)(cui)取(qu)效果(guo)，常在(zai)超(chao)(chao)臨(lin)(lin)界(jie)流(liu)(liu)體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)CO2中(zhong)參加少量的(de)(de)極(ji)(ji)性溶劑。Rhan經(jing)過在(zai)洋蔥、胡蘿卜前(qian)處置過程中(zhong)參加甲(jia)(jia)醇，有效地進步(bu)了(le)被檢(jian)(jian)(jian)農藥的(de)(de)回收率。劉瑜等(deng)[3]應用此技術(shu)對(dui)蘋果(guo)中(zhong)5種(zhong)氨基(ji)甲(jia)(jia)酸酯農藥停(ting)止檢(jian)(jian)(jian)測，其結果(guo)支持了(le)這(zhe)一(yi)(yi)觀念。SFE技術(shu)的(de)(de)優點是可(ke)停(ting)止選擇性萃(cui)(cui)取(qu)，萃(cui)(cui)取(qu)物不(bu)會改動(dong)其原來的(de)(de)性質，萃(cui)(cui)取(qu)過程簡單易于調理；缺陷是萃(cui)(cui)取(qu)安(an)裝(zhuang)較昂貴，不(bu)適(shi)于剖(pou)析水樣(yang)和(he)(he)(he)極(ji)(ji)性較強(qiang)的(de)(de)物。

2固(gu)相微萃(cui)取（Solid-phasemicroextraction，SPME）

固(gu)(gu)相(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)微(wei)萃(cui)(cui)(cui)取(qu)是20世紀80年代末由加拿大Waterloo大學Pawliszyn和Arhturhe教授提出的(de)(de)(de)，它(ta)是在(zai)固(gu)(gu)相(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)萃(cui)(cui)(cui)取(qu)技(ji)術根(gen)底上開(kai)展(zhan)起來(lai)的(de)(de)(de)一(yi)種(zhong)兼樣品(pin)制(zhi)備的(de)(de)(de)前處置技(ji)術。SPME的(de)(de)(de)原理是應(ying)用待(dai)測(ce)(ce)物在(zai)基(ji)體和萃(cui)(cui)(cui)取(qu)相(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)之間的(de)(de)(de)非均(jun)(jun)相(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)均(jun)(jun)衡(heng)，使(shi)待(dai)測(ce)(ce)組分擴散吸(xi)附到石英(ying)纖維外(wai)表的(de)(de)(de)固(gu)(gu)定(ding)(ding)相(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)涂(tu)層，待(dai)吸(xi)附均(jun)(jun)衡(heng)后，再以氣相(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)色譜(pu)或高效液相(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)色譜(pu)別離(li)和測(ce)(ce)定(ding)(ding)待(dai)測(ce)(ce)組分。SPME技(ji)術具有煩瑣、快捷、無(wu)需萃(cui)(cui)(cui)取(qu)溶劑(ji)的(de)(de)(de)特性，十分適(shi)用于揮發或半揮發農藥殘(can)(can)留(liu)(liu)剖析。影響(xiang)固(gu)(gu)相(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)微(wei)萃(cui)(cui)(cui)取(qu)結果(guo)的(de)(de)(de)要(yao)素包括萃(cui)(cui)(cui)取(qu)頭類型、萃(cui)(cui)(cui)取(qu)時(shi)(shi)間、離(li)子(zi)強度、解(jie)吸(xi)附溫(wen)(wen)度和解(jie)吸(xi)附時(shi)(shi)間等(deng)(deng)。陳偉(wei)琪(qi)等(deng)(deng)應(ying)用100μm聚二甲基(ji)硅氧烷(wan)萃(cui)(cui)(cui)取(qu)頭浸入勻漿(jiang)液的(de)(de)(de)萃(cui)(cui)(cui)取(qu)方(fang)式，由GC-FPD測(ce)(ce)定(ding)(ding)了(le)茼蒿中的(de)(de)(de)甲拌磷(lin)等(deng)(deng)4種(zhong)有機磷(lin)農藥殘(can)(can)留(liu)(liu)量(liang)，討論(lun)了(le)攪拌速度、離(li)子(zi)強度、均(jun)(jun)衡(heng)時(shi)(shi)間等(deng)(deng)影響(xiang)要(yao)素對(dui)測(ce)(ce)定(ding)(ding)結果(guo)的(de)(de)(de)影響(xiang)；Lambropoulou等(deng)(deng)采用100μm聚二甲基(ji)硅氧烷(wan)萃(cui)(cui)(cui)取(qu)頭、頂空-固(gu)(gu)相(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)微(wei)萃(cui)(cui)(cui)取(qu)（HS-SPME）方(fang)式，用GC-MS辦法測(ce)(ce)定(ding)(ding)了(le)草(cao)莓(mei)和櫻桃(tao)中的(de)(de)(de)乙硫磷(lin)、對(dui)硫磷(lin)、倍硫磷(lin)等(deng)(deng)7種(zhong)有機磷(lin)農藥殘(can)(can)留(liu)(liu)量(liang)；Sakamoto等(deng)(deng)開(kai)展(zhan)了(le)一(yi)種(zhong)采用85μm聚丙烯酸酯萃(cui)(cui)(cui)取(qu)頭、頂空-固(gu)(gu)相(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)微(wei)萃(cui)(cui)(cui)取(qu)測(ce)(ce)定(ding)(ding)水中的(de)(de)(de)158種(zhong)農藥殘(can)(can)留(liu)(liu)量(liang)的(de)(de)(de)GC-MS辦法，討論(lun)了(le)不同品(pin)種(zhong)萃(cui)(cui)(cui)取(qu)頭、鹽濃度、pH值和萃(cui)(cui)(cui)取(qu)溫(wen)(wen)度等(deng)(deng)參數(shu)的(de)(de)(de)影響(xiang)。固(gu)(gu)相(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)微(wei)萃(cui)(cui)(cui)取(qu)的(de)(de)(de)優點(dian)是操作(zuo)簡單快速，價廉適(shi)用，適(shi)用于現場檢測(ce)(ce)；缺陷(xian)是因固(gu)(gu)定(ding)(ding)相(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)吸(xi)附容量(liang)有限，定(ding)(ding)量(liang)結果(guo)誤差相(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)對(dui)較大，主(zhu)要(yao)用于定(ding)(ding)量(liang)測(ce)(ce)定(ding)(ding)。

3微波輔助萃取技術(shu)（MicrowaveAidedExtraction，MAE）

1樣品前(qian)處理技術及其進展

1.1常用樣品前處理技術

1.1.1溶(rong)(rong)劑(ji)萃(cui)取(qu)（LLE）液(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)體(ti)樣(yang)品(pin)最常用的(de)萃(cui)取(qu)技術(shu)(shu)之(zhi)一是(shi)溶(rong)(rong)劑(ji)萃(cui)取(qu)，利(li)用樣(yang)品(pin)中不(bu)同(tong)組分(fen)分(fen)配(pei)在兩(liang)種不(bu)混溶(rong)(rong)的(de)溶(rong)(rong)劑(ji)中溶(rong)(rong)解度(du)或分(fen)配(pei)比的(de)不(bu)同(tong)來達(da)到分(fen)離(li)、提(ti)取(qu)或純化的(de)目(mu)的(de)，通常又叫做液(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)—液(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)萃(cui)取(qu)。根據基質(zhi)(zhi)的(de)不(bu)同(tong)，可分(fen)為液(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)—液(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)萃(cui)取(qu)、液(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)—固(gu)萃(cui)取(qu)和液(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)—氣萃(cui)取(qu)（溶(rong)(rong)液(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)吸收）。現在的(de)液(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)—液(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)萃(cui)取(qu)技術(shu)(shu)已經發展(zhan)到連(lian)續(xu)萃(cui)取(qu)和逆流萃(cui)取(qu)，有(you)利(li)于(yu)(yu)處(chu)理含有(you)低分(fen)配(pei)系(xi)數物(wu)質(zhi)(zhi)的(de)樣(yang)品(pin)；微萃(cui)取(qu)技術(shu)(shu)有(you)利(li)于(yu)(yu)提(ti)高靈敏度(du)和減少溶(rong)(rong)劑(ji)用量；萃(cui)取(qu)小柱技術(shu)(shu)模仿(fang)了傳統(tong)的(de)液(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)—液(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)萃(cui)取(qu)技術(shu)(shu)，而且(qie)使樣(yang)品(pin)收集變得非(fei)常容(rong)易，同(tong)時避免(mian)了樣(yang)品(pin)乳化問(wen)題；在線萃(cui)取(qu)和自動液(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)—液(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)萃(cui)取(qu)等方式能夠減小人為誤差，有(you)利(li)于(yu)(yu)處(chu)理大體(ti)積樣(yang)品(pin)[4]。

1.1.2固相(xiang)(xiang)萃(cui)取(qu)（SPE）固相(xiang)(xiang)萃(cui)取(qu)就是利用固體(ti)吸附(fu)(fu)劑將液體(ti)樣(yang)品中的(de)(de)目(mu)(mu)標化(hua)合(he)物(wu)吸附(fu)(fu)，使其與樣(yang)品的(de)(de)基體(ti)和(he)干擾化(hua)合(he)物(wu)分(fen)(fen)離，然后再(zai)用洗脫(tuo)液洗脫(tuo)或加熱解吸附(fu)(fu)，達到(dao)分(fen)(fen)離和(he)富(fu)集(ji)(ji)目(mu)(mu)標化(hua)合(he)物(wu)的(de)(de)目(mu)(mu)的(de)(de)。與液——液萃(cui)取(qu)等(deng)傳統(tong)方法相(xiang)(xiang)比，固相(xiang)(xiang)萃(cui)取(qu)具有(you)(you)如下優點：①高的(de)(de)回收率和(he)富(fu)集(ji)(ji)倍(bei)數。②使用的(de)(de)高純有(you)(you)毒有(you)(you)機溶劑量很少，減少了對環境的(de)(de)污染，是一種(zhong)對環境友好的(de)(de)分(fen)(fen)離富(fu)集(ji)(ji)方法。③無相(xiang)(xiang)分(fen)(fen)離操作，易于收集(ji)(ji)分(fen)(fen)析物(wu)組(zu)分(fen)(fen)，能處理小(xiao)體(ti)積試(shi)樣(yang)。④操作簡便(bian)、快速、易于實現自動(dong)化(hua)。應(ying)用固相(xiang)(xiang)萃(cui)取(qu)可(ke)以(yi)分(fen)(fen)析食品中有(you)(you)效成分(fen)(fen)或有(you)(you)害成分(fen)(fen)，以(yi)及(ji)環保水(shui)樣(yang)中各種(zhong)污染物(wu)等(deng)[5]。

1.1.3固(gu)相微(wei)萃(cui)取(qu)(qu)（SPME）固(gu)相微(wei)萃(cui)取(qu)(qu)技術是在(zai)固(gu)相萃(cui)取(qu)(qu)基礎上(shang)發展起來的，與液(ye)——液(ye)萃(cui)取(qu)(qu)或固(gu)相萃(cui)取(qu)(qu)相比，具有操作時間(jian)短、樣品量少、無需萃(cui)取(qu)(qu)溶劑、適于分析(xi)揮(hui)發性和(he)(he)(he)非(fei)揮(hui)發性物質、重現(xian)性好等優點。影響(xiang)固(gu)相微(wei)萃(cui)取(qu)(qu)靈敏度(du)的因素很多，但萃(cui)取(qu)(qu)頭涂(tu)層種類(lei)和(he)(he)(he)厚度(du)最(zui)為關鍵。SPME在(zai)食品與生物樣品上(shang)應用日趨增加，如醬(jiang)油(you)中氯丙醇的檢測和(he)(he)(he)血(xue)液(ye)中有機氯化合物的檢測等[5]。

1.1.4頂(ding)(ding)空(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)技術（HS）樣(yang)品(pin)中痕(hen)量(liang)高揮發(fa)性物質(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)分析(xi)(xi)(xi)測定(ding)可(ke)(ke)使用氣(qi)體萃取即頂(ding)(ding)空(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)技術。頂(ding)(ding)空(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)技術可(ke)(ke)分為靜(jing)態(tai)頂(ding)(ding)空(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)和(he)動(dong)態(tai)頂(ding)(ding)空(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)，它們具有如下(xia)特點：①操作簡便，只(zhi)需將樣(yang)品(pin)填(tian)(tian)充到頂(ding)(ding)空(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)瓶(ping)(ping)中，再密封保存(cun)直至色(se)譜分析(xi)(xi)(xi)；②可(ke)(ke)自動(dong)化，已(yi)有不少氣(qi)相色(se)譜生產商能夠提供集(ji)成化的(de)(de)(de)氣(qi)相色(se)譜頂(ding)(ding)空(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)進樣(yang)器；③可(ke)(ke)變因素多，靜(jing)態(tai)頂(ding)(ding)空(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)只(zhi)需確定(ding)頂(ding)(ding)空(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)瓶(ping)(ping)中樣(yang)品(pin)的(de)(de)(de)平(ping)衡時間和(he)溫度，而(er)動(dong)態(tai)頂(ding)(ding)空(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)還(huan)需確定(ding)捕(bu)集(ji)阱中吸附(fu)劑(ji)的(de)(de)(de)種類和(he)填(tian)(tian)充量(liang)；④動(dong)態(tai)項空(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)具有較高的(de)(de)(de)靈敏度，檢出限可(ke)(ke)達10～12水平(ping)。頂(ding)(ding)空(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)技術與色(se)譜聯用作為一種廣泛使用的(de)(de)(de)可(ke)(ke)靠和(he)有效的(de)(de)(de)分析(xi)(xi)(xi)測定(ding)技術，已(yi)成為很(hen)多國家及組織的(de)(de)(de)標準方法[6]。

摘要：在(zai)農(nong)(nong)(nong)業生產(chan)的(de)過(guo)程中，為了(le)防治病(bing)蟲害(hai)，提(ti)高農(nong)(nong)(nong)作物產(chan)量，農(nong)(nong)(nong)民會大量使用農(nong)(nong)(nong)藥和化肥(fei)，因此會有部分(fen)農(nong)(nong)(nong)藥化肥(fei)殘留在(zai)農(nong)(nong)(nong)產(chan)品上，這(zhe)些農(nong)(nong)(nong)藥殘留物便成(cheng)了(le)農(nong)(nong)(nong)產(chan)品質量安(an)全(quan)(quan)的(de)來源(yuan)。本文從農(nong)(nong)(nong)產(chan)品的(de)質量控制及農(nong)(nong)(nong)藥殘留的(de)檢測技術(shu)方面入手，分(fen)析如何(he)提(ti)升農(nong)(nong)(nong)產(chan)品的(de)質量安(an)全(quan)(quan)，保障人們(men)身體健(jian)康。

關鍵(jian)詞：農(nong)產品；質量安(an)全控制；農(nong)藥殘(can)留

隨著科技的(de)發展，農(nong)(nong)(nong)產(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)的(de)產(chan)(chan)量(liang)越(yue)來越(yue)高，自(zi)然災害對農(nong)(nong)(nong)產(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)產(chan)(chan)量(liang)的(de)影響逐(zhu)步降低，這(zhe)要歸功(gong)于農(nong)(nong)(nong)藥、化肥等化學藥物(wu)的(de)使用。這(zhe)些藥物(wu)的(de)殘(can)(can)留問題(ti)已經開始影響農(nong)(nong)(nong)產(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)的(de)質量(liang)安全，長期食(shi)用農(nong)(nong)(nong)藥殘(can)(can)留含(han)(han)量(liang)超(chao)標的(de)農(nong)(nong)(nong)產(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)會誘發多(duo)種疾病，直接危(wei)害人(ren)們的(de)身體健康。此(ci)外，含(han)(han)有(you)農(nong)(nong)(nong)藥的(de)水(shui)被用于養殖或(huo)灌溉(gai)也可能(neng)產(chan)(chan)生農(nong)(nong)(nong)藥殘(can)(can)留現象(xiang)。為(wei)了避免含(han)(han)有(you)農(nong)(nong)(nong)藥殘(can)(can)留的(de)農(nong)(nong)(nong)產(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)危(wei)害人(ren)類(lei)的(de)健康，我國目前實施了較為(wei)嚴格的(de)食(shi)品(pin)(pin)安全控制(zhi)措施，并且不斷(duan)完善檢測(ce)技術(shu)。嚴格的(de)質量(liang)安全控制(zhi)是人(ren)類(lei)實現可持續發展戰略的(de)關(guan)鍵(jian)，這(zhe)需要所有(you)農(nong)(nong)(nong)產(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)生產(chan)(chan)者(zhe)、加工者(zhe)全力配合，才能(neng)讓(rang)人(ren)們吃上放心的(de)食(shi)物(wu)。

1如何控制我國(guo)農產(chan)品的質量安全

1.1加(jia)(jia)大(da)(da)(da)(da)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)安(an)全(quan)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)宣(xuan)傳(chuan)力(li)度(du)(du)(du)。農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)藥(yao)及化肥(fei)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)殘留問題是(shi)導(dao)(dao)致農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)質(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)(liang)(liang)下(xia)降的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)直接因素，要(yao)控(kong)(kong)制農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)質(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)(liang)(liang)，確(que)保(bao)(bao)(bao)老百姓能(neng)(neng)買到(dao)安(an)全(quan)健康的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)，就(jiu)必需(xu)(xu)從減少(shao)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)藥(yao)化肥(fei)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)使(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)入(ru)(ru)手。農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)民(min)(min)是(shi)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)者(zhe)，如(ru)果(guo)(guo)在(zai)(zai)經濟利(li)(li)益的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)驅使(shi)(shi)下(xia)，將質(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)(liang)(liang)安(an)全(quan)問題放在(zai)(zai)一(yi)邊，那(nei)么農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)質(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)(liang)(liang)就(jiu)無(wu)法(fa)得(de)(de)到(dao)保(bao)(bao)(bao)障(zhang)。因此必需(xu)(xu)加(jia)(jia)大(da)(da)(da)(da)宣(xuan)傳(chuan)力(li)度(du)(du)(du)，提(ti)(ti)(ti)高(gao)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)民(min)(min)合(he)(he)(he)理(li)(li)使(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)藥(yao)化肥(fei)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)意識(shi)，尤其是(shi)在(zai)(zai)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)作物收獲(huo)前(qian)盡量(liang)(liang)(liang)避免使(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)藥(yao)。1.2改(gai)變農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)模(mo)式(shi)。目前(qian)我(wo)國(guo)(guo)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)模(mo)式(shi)也是(shi)導(dao)(dao)致農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)質(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)(liang)(liang)下(xia)降的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)直接原因。由于(yu)(yu)我(wo)國(guo)(guo)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)活動(dong)(dong)多(duo)(duo)(duo)數(shu)地區仍處于(yu)(yu)規模(mo)小、專業(ye)(ye)(ye)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)技(ji)術應(ying)用(yong)(yong)(yong)率(lv)較(jiao)低的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)階段，尚未(wei)形成比較(jiao)有(you)規模(mo)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)模(mo)式(shi)，所(suo)以規范(fan)化農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)宣(xuan)傳(chuan)和(he)管(guan)理(li)(li)工(gong)作效(xiao)果(guo)(guo)并不明顯，很(hen)多(duo)(duo)(duo)先(xian)(xian)進(jin)(jin)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)技(ji)術無(wu)法(fa)得(de)(de)到(dao)落實(shi)，農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)民(min)(min)就(jiu)還要(yao)依(yi)靠大(da)(da)(da)(da)量(liang)(liang)(liang)使(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)藥(yao)化肥(fei)來(lai)提(ti)(ti)(ti)高(gao)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)量(liang)(liang)(liang)，確(que)保(bao)(bao)(bao)自己的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)收入(ru)(ru)。要(yao)解(jie)(jie)(jie)決這(zhe)(zhe)個(ge)(ge)問題就(jiu)必需(xu)(xu)改(gai)變生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)模(mo)式(shi)，鼓勵農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)民(min)(min)使(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)先(xian)(xian)進(jin)(jin)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)技(ji)術，擴大(da)(da)(da)(da)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)規模(mo)，實(shi)現(xian)規范(fan)化的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)耕(geng)管(guan)理(li)(li)制度(du)(du)(du)。1.3提(ti)(ti)(ti)升農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)質(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)(liang)(liang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)檢(jian)測(ce)效(xiao)率(lv)。經銷(xiao)(xiao)商(shang)是(shi)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)加(jia)(jia)工(gong)者(zhe)，很(hen)多(duo)(duo)(duo)加(jia)(jia)工(gong)后流入(ru)(ru)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)場(chang)(chang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)安(an)全(quan)還需(xu)(xu)要(yao)經銷(xiao)(xiao)商(shang)來(lai)保(bao)(bao)(bao)障(zhang)。很(hen)多(duo)(duo)(duo)商(shang)人(ren)(ren)為(wei)(wei)了延長農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)保(bao)(bao)(bao)鮮期，會使(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)大(da)(da)(da)(da)量(liang)(liang)(liang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)防腐產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)，這(zhe)(zhe)已經造成多(duo)(duo)(duo)起(qi)(qi)食品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)安(an)全(quan)事故，因此必需(xu)(xu)規范(fan)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)加(jia)(jia)工(gong)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)場(chang)(chang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)管(guan)理(li)(li)，加(jia)(jia)大(da)(da)(da)(da)檢(jian)測(ce)力(li)度(du)(du)(du)，對(dui)(dui)不合(he)(he)(he)格(ge)(ge)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)企(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)及時(shi)停業(ye)(ye)(ye)整(zheng)頓，杜絕(jue)一(yi)切可(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)能(neng)(neng)導(dao)(dao)致農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)安(an)全(quan)隱患的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)因素出(chu)現(xian)。此外(wai)，對(dui)(dui)直接流入(ru)(ru)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)場(chang)(chang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)，也需(xu)(xu)要(yao)進(jin)(jin)行(xing)嚴格(ge)(ge)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)監(jian)管(guan)，質(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)(liang)(liang)檢(jian)測(ce)合(he)(he)(he)格(ge)(ge)后才(cai)能(neng)(neng)投放市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)場(chang)(chang)。1.4建(jian)(jian)立完(wan)整(zheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)供(gong)應(ying)體(ti)系(xi)(xi)(xi)。農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)供(gong)應(ying)體(ti)系(xi)(xi)(xi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)建(jian)(jian)立是(shi)為(wei)(wei)了穩(wen)定農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)場(chang)(chang)，確(que)保(bao)(bao)(bao)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)質(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)(liang)(liang)安(an)全(quan)，具體(ti)內容包(bao)括(kuo)：①需(xu)(xu)要(yao)建(jian)(jian)立完(wan)善的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)體(ti)系(xi)(xi)(xi)，讓(rang)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)過程處于(yu)(yu)穩(wen)定狀(zhuang)態。②建(jian)(jian)立起(qi)(qi)宏觀調控(kong)(kong)體(ti)系(xi)(xi)(xi)，增強(qiang)(qiang)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)場(chang)(chang)競(jing)爭的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)綜合(he)(he)(he)實(shi)力(li)，在(zai)(zai)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)價格(ge)(ge)出(chu)現(xian)波動(dong)(dong)時(shi)，及時(shi)調節。③建(jian)(jian)立農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)信(xin)息收集體(ti)系(xi)(xi)(xi)，為(wei)(wei)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)提(ti)(ti)(ti)供(gong)最(zui)可(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)靠的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)信(xin)息支持。④還要(yao)考慮到(dao)廣(guang)大(da)(da)(da)(da)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)者(zhe)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)利(li)(li)益，為(wei)(wei)他們(men)建(jian)(jian)立保(bao)(bao)(bao)障(zhang)體(ti)系(xi)(xi)(xi)，一(yi)旦(dan)有(you)人(ren)(ren)遇到(dao)困難(nan)，便可(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)以得(de)(de)到(dao)及時(shi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)幫(bang)助(zhu)，這(zhe)(zhe)樣才(cai)能(neng)(neng)激發(fa)(fa)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)者(zhe)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)積(ji)極性。目前(qian)，可(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)以通過以下(xia)幾種方式(shi)建(jian)(jian)立農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)供(gong)應(ying)體(ti)系(xi)(xi)(xi)：①必需(xu)(xu)保(bao)(bao)(bao)護(hu)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)者(zhe)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)利(li)(li)益和(he)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)能(neng)(neng)力(li)，只有(you)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)者(zhe)具備(bei)充足的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)力(li)，才(cai)能(neng)(neng)不斷(duan)向市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)場(chang)(chang)供(gong)應(ying)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)。②提(ti)(ti)(ti)倡節約用(yong)(yong)(yong)水、保(bao)(bao)(bao)護(hu)環境(jing)(jing)，在(zai)(zai)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)同時(shi)保(bao)(bao)(bao)護(hu)人(ren)(ren)類生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)存環境(jing)(jing)。③要(yao)加(jia)(jia)大(da)(da)(da)(da)科研力(li)度(du)(du)(du)，以創新推(tui)動(dong)(dong)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)，讓(rang)人(ren)(ren)類擁有(you)更(geng)先(xian)(xian)進(jin)(jin)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)方法(fa)。只有(you)形成完(wan)善的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)供(gong)應(ying)體(ti)系(xi)(xi)(xi)，才(cai)能(neng)(neng)更(geng)好(hao)地控(kong)(kong)制農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)質(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)(liang)(liang)，讓(rang)所(suo)有(you)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)、加(jia)(jia)工(gong)活動(dong)(dong)都進(jin)(jin)入(ru)(ru)到(dao)良性循環階段。1.5加(jia)(jia)快(kuai)無(wu)公(gong)(gong)害(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)食品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)、推(tui)廣(guang)進(jin)(jin)程。無(wu)公(gong)(gong)害(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)食品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)和(he)推(tui)廣(guang)是(shi)解(jie)(jie)(jie)決農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)質(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)(liang)(liang)安(an)全(quan)問題的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)途徑(jing)之一(yi)，如(ru)果(guo)(guo)能(neng)(neng)有(you)更(geng)多(duo)(duo)(duo)人(ren)(ren)參與到(dao)無(wu)公(gong)(gong)害(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)食品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)活動(dong)(dong)當中，為(wei)(wei)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)場(chang)(chang)提(ti)(ti)(ti)供(gong)更(geng)多(duo)(duo)(duo)、更(geng)好(hao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)無(wu)公(gong)(gong)害(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)，那(nei)么食品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)安(an)全(quan)問題就(jiu)能(neng)(neng)得(de)(de)到(dao)妥善解(jie)(jie)(jie)決。要(yao)實(shi)現(xian)無(wu)公(gong)(gong)害(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)全(quan)面(mian)推(tui)廣(guang)，就(jiu)必需(xu)(xu)從生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)和(he)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)場(chang)(chang)兩方面(mian)同時(shi)作出(chu)應(ying)對(dui)(dui)措施。在(zai)(zai)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)方面(mian)，可(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)以強(qiang)(qiang)化生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)機構的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)建(jian)(jian)設和(he)管(guan)理(li)(li)，嚴格(ge)(ge)管(guan)控(kong)(kong)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)場(chang)(chang)所(suo)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)衛生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)安(an)全(quan)，加(jia)(jia)快(kuai)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)標準化進(jin)(jin)程，提(ti)(ti)(ti)高(gao)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)者(zhe)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)無(wu)公(gong)(gong)害(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)意識(shi)，讓(rang)人(ren)(ren)們(men)日常(chang)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)活中食用(yong)(yong)(yong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)蔬(shu)菜、水果(guo)(guo)、茶品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)都能(neng)(neng)向商(shang)品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)化、品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)牌化的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)道路發(fa)(fa)展，形成更(geng)具規模(mo)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)體(ti)系(xi)(xi)(xi)。同時(shi)，加(jia)(jia)大(da)(da)(da)(da)檢(jian)測(ce)力(li)度(du)(du)(du)，只有(you)抽檢(jian)合(he)(he)(he)格(ge)(ge)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)才(cai)可(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)以投放到(dao)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)場(chang)(chang)當中。另一(yi)方面(mian)，就(jiu)是(shi)為(wei)(wei)無(wu)公(gong)(gong)害(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)提(ti)(ti)(ti)供(gong)廣(guang)闊的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)場(chang)(chang)，讓(rang)更(geng)多(duo)(duo)(duo)人(ren)(ren)了解(jie)(jie)(jie)和(he)接受(shou)無(wu)公(gong)(gong)害(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)，引導(dao)(dao)群眾綠色消(xiao)費(fei)(fei)。這(zhe)(zhe)需(xu)(xu)要(yao)通過各(ge)種宣(xuan)傳(chuan)手段來(lai)輔助(zhu)完(wan)成，如(ru)廣(guang)播(bo)、媒體(ti)，體(ti)驗(yan)網點，銷(xiao)(xiao)售網點等。只有(you)消(xiao)費(fei)(fei)者(zhe)真正了解(jie)(jie)(jie)無(wu)公(gong)(gong)害(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)優勢(shi)，才(cai)可(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)以促進(jin)(jin)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)場(chang)(chang)份額(e)，為(wei)(wei)無(wu)公(gong)(gong)害(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)推(tui)廣(guang)提(ti)(ti)(ti)供(gong)助(zhu)力(li)。同時(shi)，無(wu)公(gong)(gong)害(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)可(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)以根據產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)質(zhi)(zhi)在(zai)(zai)價格(ge)(ge)上呈現(xian)出(chu)一(yi)個(ge)(ge)梯度(du)(du)(du)，這(zhe)(zhe)樣才(cai)能(neng)(neng)滿(man)足各(ge)個(ge)(ge)層次消(xiao)費(fei)(fei)者(zhe)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)需(xu)(xu)求(qiu)，給消(xiao)費(fei)(fei)者(zhe)留出(chu)選擇(ze)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)空間，這(zhe)(zhe)將為(wei)(wei)無(wu)公(gong)(gong)害(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)占領更(geng)大(da)(da)(da)(da)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)場(chang)(chang)提(ti)(ti)(ti)供(gong)便利(li)(li)條件。

2農藥殘留檢測(ce)技術

一、我(wo)國內地(di)食品中農藥殘(can)留標準現狀(zhuang)

（一）農藥殘留管理(li)制度基本健全(quan)

我(wo)國(guo)(guo)(guo)食(shi)(shi)品農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)產(chan)品中(zhong)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)殘(can)(can)(can)留(liu)(liu)的(de)管(guan)(guan)理主要依據(ju)是2006年(nian)(nian)頒布實施(shi)的(de)《中(zhong)華(hua)人(ren)民共和(he)(he)(he)國(guo)(guo)(guo)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)產(chan)品質(zhi)量(liang)安(an)全(quan)法(fa)》和(he)(he)(he)2009年(nian)(nian)頒布實施(shi)的(de)《中(zhong)華(hua)人(ren)民共和(he)(he)(he)國(guo)(guo)(guo)食(shi)(shi)品安(an)全(quan)法(fa)》。《食(shi)(shi)品安(an)全(quan)法(fa)》第21條(tiao)規(gui)(gui)(gui)定(ding)“食(shi)(shi)品中(zhong)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)殘(can)(can)(can)留(liu)(liu)、獸(shou)(shou)(shou)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)殘(can)(can)(can)留(liu)(liu)的(de)限(xian)量(liang)規(gui)(gui)(gui)定(ding)及(ji)其(qi)檢(jian)驗方(fang)(fang)法(fa)與(yu)(yu)規(gui)(gui)(gui)程(cheng)(cheng)由(you)國(guo)(guo)(guo)務院(yuan)衛(wei)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)行政部(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)門(men)、國(guo)(guo)(guo)務院(yuan)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)行政部(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)門(men)制(zhi)(zhi)定(ding)。”根據(ju)法(fa)律賦予的(de)職責，2009年(nian)(nian)，我(wo)國(guo)(guo)(guo)衛(wei)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)部(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)（現衛(wei)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)與(yu)(yu)計(ji)劃(hua)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)育委(wei)(wei)員會(hui)，下同(tong)）與(yu)(yu)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)部(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)聯合印發了(le)《食(shi)(shi)品中(zhong)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)、獸(shou)(shou)(shou)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)殘(can)(can)(can)留(liu)(liu)標(biao)(biao)(biao)準(zhun)管(guan)(guan)理問題協(xie)商意(yi)(yi)見》。按(an)照(zhao)協(xie)商意(yi)(yi)見，食(shi)(shi)品安(an)全(quan)國(guo)(guo)(guo)家(jia)(jia)標(biao)(biao)(biao)準(zhun)審評(ping)委(wei)(wei)員會(hui)設(she)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)殘(can)(can)(can)留(liu)(liu)和(he)(he)(he)獸(shou)(shou)(shou)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)殘(can)(can)(can)留(liu)(liu)專(zhuan)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)工作組(zu)(zu)(zu)負(fu)責食(shi)(shi)品中(zhong)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)殘(can)(can)(can)留(liu)(liu)和(he)(he)(he)獸(shou)(shou)(shou)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)殘(can)(can)(can)留(liu)(liu)標(biao)(biao)(biao)準(zhun)、檢(jian)測(ce)方(fang)(fang)法(fa)與(yu)(yu)規(gui)(gui)(gui)程(cheng)(cheng)的(de)審查。農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)部(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)負(fu)責農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)和(he)(he)(he)獸(shou)(shou)(shou)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)殘(can)(can)(can)留(liu)(liu)專(zhuan)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)工作組(zu)(zu)(zu)的(de)組(zu)(zu)(zu)建(jian)及(ji)日常(chang)管(guan)(guan)理工作。在農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)殘(can)(can)(can)留(liu)(liu)標(biao)(biao)(biao)準(zhun)的(de)工作程(cheng)(cheng)序(xu)上，由(you)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)部(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)提出標(biao)(biao)(biao)準(zhun)計(ji)劃(hua)，納(na)入食(shi)(shi)品安(an)全(quan)國(guo)(guo)(guo)家(jia)(jia)標(biao)(biao)(biao)準(zhun)計(ji)劃(hua)統一(yi)。農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)部(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)負(fu)責食(shi)(shi)用(yong)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)產(chan)品中(zhong)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)殘(can)(can)(can)留(liu)(liu)限(xian)量(liang)及(ji)檢(jian)測(ce)方(fang)(fang)法(fa)與(yu)(yu)規(gui)(gui)(gui)程(cheng)(cheng)的(de)計(ji)劃(hua)、立(li)項、起草、審查、復審、解釋、檔案、制(zhi)(zhi)修(xiu)訂經費(fei)的(de)管(guan)(guan)理等，負(fu)責征求意(yi)(yi)見和(he)(he)(he)對外通(tong)報。衛(wei)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)部(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)會(hui)同(tong)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)部(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)共同(tong)和(he)(he)(he)廢(fei)止農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)殘(can)(can)(can)留(liu)(liu)限(xian)量(liang)和(he)(he)(he)檢(jian)測(ce)方(fang)(fang)法(fa)與(yu)(yu)規(gui)(gui)(gui)程(cheng)(cheng)標(biao)(biao)(biao)準(zhun)，由(you)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)部(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)負(fu)責標(biao)(biao)(biao)準(zhun)制(zhi)(zhi)定(ding)、歸口(kou)和(he)(he)(he)解釋。在工作需要或(huo)發生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)涉及(ji)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)殘(can)(can)(can)留(liu)(liu)的(de)食(shi)(shi)品安(an)全(quan)事(shi)故(gu)時(shi)，衛(wei)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)部(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)協(xie)調組(zu)(zu)(zu)織農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)部(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)制(zhi)(zhi)定(ding)相關(guan)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)殘(can)(can)(can)留(liu)(liu)的(de)限(xian)量(liang)和(he)(he)(he)檢(jian)測(ce)方(fang)(fang)法(fa)并(bing)進行風(feng)險評(ping)估(gu)。與(yu)(yu)兩法(fa)實施(shi)同(tong)時(shi)，我(wo)國(guo)(guo)(guo)還制(zhi)(zhi)定(ding)了(le)《農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)管(guan)(guan)理條(tiao)例》等配套規(gui)(gui)(gui)章，并(bing)于2013年(nian)(nian)了(le)《農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)管(guan)(guan)理條(tiao)例實施(shi)辦(ban)法(fa)》。相關(guan)法(fa)律法(fa)規(gui)(gui)(gui)和(he)(he)(he)規(gui)(gui)(gui)范為(wei)加強對農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)、經營和(he)(he)(he)使用(yong)的(de)監督管(guan)(guan)理，保證農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)質(zhi)量(liang)，保護農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)、林業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)和(he)(he)(he)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)態環境(jing)，維護人(ren)畜安(an)全(quan)提供(gong)了(le)法(fa)律依據(ju)。

（二）農藥殘留標準制定(ding)專家(jia)隊伍壯大

《食品安(an)全法(fa)》出臺后(hou)，衛(wei)生部、農(nong)業部組建了第(di)一屆食品安(an)全國(guo)(guo)(guo)家(jia)(jia)標(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)審評委員會(hui)(hui)農(nong)藥(yao)(yao)殘(can)留(liu)(liu)分委會(hui)(hui)，秘書處(chu)設在(zai)農(nong)業部農(nong)藥(yao)(yao)檢(jian)定(ding)所。農(nong)殘(can)標(biao)委會(hui)(hui)下設秘書處(chu)和(he)殘(can)留(liu)(liu)化學、毒理(li)學、檢(jian)測方法(fa)3個專家(jia)(jia)組，建立了包括農(nong)業、衛(wei)生、食藥(yao)(yao)、質(zhi)檢(jian)、林業、糧食等相關領域在(zai)內，覆蓋全國(guo)(guo)(guo)73家(jia)(jia)農(nong)藥(yao)(yao)殘(can)留(liu)(liu)試驗單(dan)位，掌握(wo)國(guo)(guo)(guo)際規則和(he)熟悉(xi)我(wo)(wo)國(guo)(guo)(guo)國(guo)(guo)(guo)情的(de)標(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)制(zhi)定(ding)專家(jia)(jia)隊伍。專家(jia)(jia)隊伍的(de)壯大與農(nong)藥(yao)(yao)殘(can)留(liu)(liu)標(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)技術力(li)量(liang)的(de)充實提升(sheng)(sheng)了我(wo)(wo)國(guo)(guo)(guo)在(zai)農(nong)藥(yao)(yao)殘(can)留(liu)(liu)限量(liang)國(guo)(guo)(guo)際標(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)制(zhi)定(ding)中(zhong)(zhong)的(de)話語權和(he)國(guo)(guo)(guo)際影響力(li)。2007年起(qi)我(wo)(wo)國(guo)(guo)(guo)成為(wei)了國(guo)(guo)(guo)際食品法(fa)典(dian)農(nong)藥(yao)(yao)殘(can)留(liu)(liu)委員會(hui)(hui)（CCPR）主席國(guo)(guo)(guo)，2012年，我(wo)(wo)國(guo)(guo)(guo)承(cheng)擔(dan)了茶葉和(he)水稻中(zhong)(zhong)3種(zhong)農(nong)藥(yao)(yao)的(de)6項CAC國(guo)(guo)(guo)際標(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)的(de)制(zhi)定(ding)，攻(gong)克了我(wo)(wo)國(guo)(guo)(guo)國(guo)(guo)(guo)家(jia)(jia)標(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)上升(sheng)(sheng)為(wei)CAC標(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)的(de)技術瓶頸。

（三）農藥殘(can)留標準制定程序科(ke)學規(gui)范

摘(zhai)要：農(nong)產(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)中(zhong)農(nong)藥殘留超標仍是威(wei)脅食品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)安(an)(an)(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)的(de)重要因素。同(tong)時，可能引發一(yi)系列食品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)安(an)(an)(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)問題(ti)，嚴重威(wei)脅人們(men)的(de)身體健(jian)康。本文針對(dui)農(nong)產(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)質量(liang)(liang)安(an)(an)(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)的(de)現狀進(jin)行(xing)闡(chan)述后(hou)，分析(xi)農(nong)產(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)質量(liang)(liang)安(an)(an)(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)的(de)有效控制(zhi)措施，并針對(dui)現階段(duan)較為(wei)常用的(de)農(nong)藥殘留檢測技術進(jin)行(xing)分別分析(xi)，以期能夠進(jin)一(yi)步(bu)控制(zhi)農(nong)產(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)中(zhong)的(de)農(nong)藥殘留量(liang)(liang)，從根本上提升農(nong)產(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)的(de)質量(liang)(liang)安(an)(an)(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)，為(wei)人們(men)提供更多健(jian)康安(an)(an)(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)、無公害的(de)農(nong)產(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)。

關鍵詞：農(nong)產(chan)品(pin)；質量安全；農(nong)藥殘(can)留；檢(jian)測技術

我國(guo)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)產(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)的(de)(de)年產(chan)(chan)(chan)量(liang)(liang)(liang)較(jiao)大，在國(guo)內食(shi)品(pin)(pin)市場中(zhong)乃至國(guo)外食(shi)品(pin)(pin)市場中(zhong)均占(zhan)據較(jiao)大的(de)(de)比重(zhong)。近(jin)些(xie)年來，我國(guo)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)產(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)的(de)(de)出(chu)口(kou)貿易取得了良好(hao)的(de)(de)發展，但隨著食(shi)品(pin)(pin)安全(quan)問題的(de)(de)頻(pin)繁爆發，使得農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)產(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)市場中(zhong)的(de)(de)準入(ru)門(men)檻有所提升，只有質量(liang)(liang)(liang)符合(he)標準的(de)(de)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)產(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)才具(ju)備準入(ru)資格，并能(neng)向國(guo)外銷售。因此，我國(guo)加大了對(dui)(dui)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)產(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)質量(liang)(liang)(liang)安全(quan)的(de)(de)管控力度(du)，采取多種安全(quan)檢(jian)測(ce)技(ji)(ji)術(shu)對(dui)(dui)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)產(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)質量(liang)(liang)(liang)進行有效篩選。其中(zhong)，農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)藥殘(can)(can)留(liu)(liu)技(ji)(ji)術(shu)是必不可少(shao)的(de)(de)檢(jian)測(ce)技(ji)(ji)術(shu)之一，可以及(ji)時發現農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)產(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)中(zhong)的(de)(de)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)藥殘(can)(can)留(liu)(liu)問題。因此，下文(wen)對(dui)(dui)于農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)產(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)質量(liang)(liang)(liang)安全(quan)控制方法和農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)藥殘(can)(can)留(liu)(liu)檢(jian)測(ce)技(ji)(ji)術(shu)進行分別研究。

1農產品質(zhi)量安全的控制現狀(zhuang)

 1.1政府以及社(she)會的(de)重視有所提升，關(guan)鍵(jian)控制計劃也在有力部署

農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)藥殘留問(wen)題(ti)(ti)已經(jing)成為(wei)威脅農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)產品(pin)質(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)安(an)全(quan)的(de)(de)關(guan)鍵性問(wen)題(ti)(ti)，對(dui)人體健康的(de)(de)影響也十分顯著。在(zai)近(jin)幾年所召(zhao)開(kai)的(de)(de)人大會議以及政協(xie)會議中(zhong)，代表(biao)和委員紛(fen)紛(fen)提出農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)產品(pin)質(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)安(an)全(quan)問(wen)題(ti)(ti)，這也證實了(le)(le)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)產品(pin)的(de)(de)質(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)安(an)全(quan)問(wen)題(ti)(ti)已經(jing)被政府以及社會各界(jie)所關(guan)注(zhu)。如何(he)解決此(ci)類(lei)問(wen)題(ti)(ti)，保障農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)產品(pin)的(de)(de)質(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)安(an)全(quan)是近(jin)幾年農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)村(cun)部門和各級政府需要關(guan)注(zhu)的(de)(de)重點問(wen)題(ti)(ti)。為(wei)了(le)(le)達成控(kong)制農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)產品(pin)質(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)安(an)全(quan)的(de)(de)目標，政府方面推出了(le)(le)多種政策，鼓勵社會上的(de)(de)科研(yan)組織針對(dui)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)產品(pin)檢測技術和農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)藥殘留鑒定技術進行積極研(yan)究。同時也加大了(le)(le)資金投入，致力于開(kai)展(zhan)無公害食品(pin)行動計劃，通過多方努力來提升農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)產品(pin)的(de)(de)質(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)安(an)全(quan)。

摘要:《食(shi)(shi)品安全國(guo)家標準(zhun)(zhun)食(shi)(shi)品中(zhong)農(nong)藥最(zui)大(da)殘(can)留(liu)限(xian)(xian)量(liang)(liang)》2019版(ban)的(de)頒布，標志(zhi)著(zhu)我(wo)(wo)國(guo)農(nong)藥殘(can)留(liu)標準(zhun)(zhun)制(zhi)定(ding)邁上(shang)了新臺階。相(xiang)比(bi)2016版(ban)，該標準(zhun)(zhun)對核(he)(he)果(guo)(guo)(guo)類水果(guo)(guo)(guo)制(zhi)定(ding)限(xian)(xian)量(liang)(liang)的(de)農(nong)藥種類和最(zui)大(da)殘(can)留(liu)限(xian)(xian)量(liang)(liang)均發生(sheng)了較大(da)變化。以GB2763—2019規定(ding)的(de)限(xian)(xian)量(liang)(liang)數據為基礎，按照(zhao)農(nong)藥用途進(jin)行分類，整(zheng)理出核(he)(he)果(guo)(guo)(guo)類水果(guo)(guo)(guo)中(zhong)規定(ding)的(de)具體農(nong)藥ADI值(zhi)及(ji)其具體限(xian)(xian)量(liang)(liang)值(zhi)，詳細分析了我(wo)(wo)國(guo)核(he)(he)果(guo)(guo)(guo)類水果(guo)(guo)(guo)農(nong)藥最(zui)大(da)殘(can)留(liu)限(xian)(xian)量(liang)(liang)標準(zhun)(zhun)現狀，以期科學指(zhi)導(dao)生(sheng)產(chan)中(zhong)安全農(nong)藥，保(bao)障核(he)(he)果(guo)(guo)(guo)類水果(guo)(guo)(guo)的(de)食(shi)(shi)用安全。

關鍵詞(ci):核果類水果；農藥(yao)；限量；現狀

農(nong)(nong)(nong)藥(yao)最(zui)大(da)殘(can)留(liu)(liu)限(xian)(xian)量(liang)(liang)(liang)（MRL）是(shi)食(shi)(shi)品(pin)(pin)農(nong)(nong)(nong)藥(yao)殘(can)留(liu)(liu)評價與監管的(de)(de)重要(yao)依據，在保障果(guo)(guo)品(pin)(pin)安(an)全消費、順暢出口和阻(zu)止農(nong)(nong)(nong)藥(yao)殘(can)留(liu)(liu)不合格果(guo)(guo)品(pin)(pin)進口中發揮(hui)著重要(yao)的(de)(de)作(zuo)用[1-2]。核(he)(he)果(guo)(guo)類(lei)(lei)果(guo)(guo)樹是(shi)我國落(luo)葉果(guo)(guo)樹栽(zai)培的(de)(de)重要(yao)種類(lei)(lei)，對于發展農(nong)(nong)(nong)業和農(nong)(nong)(nong)村經濟、提(ti)高(gao)人民生(sheng)活水(shui)(shui)平、不斷(duan)滿足對果(guo)(guo)品(pin)(pin)多樣化(hua)的(de)(de)要(yao)求(qiu)發揮(hui)著越來(lai)越重要(yao)的(de)(de)作(zuo)用。與其(qi)他農(nong)(nong)(nong)作(zuo)物一樣，核(he)(he)果(guo)(guo)類(lei)(lei)果(guo)(guo)樹在生(sheng)長(chang)過程中為(wei)防(fang)治病(bing)蟲(chong)害不可(ke)避免(mian)地使用農(nong)(nong)(nong)藥(yao)，農(nong)(nong)(nong)藥(yao)殘(can)留(liu)(liu)是(shi)影(ying)響(xiang)核(he)(he)果(guo)(guo)類(lei)(lei)水(shui)(shui)果(guo)(guo)質量(liang)(liang)(liang)安(an)全的(de)(de)主要(yao)危害因子之一[3-4]，因而核(he)(he)果(guo)(guo)類(lei)(lei)水(shui)(shui)果(guo)(guo)相關的(de)(de)農(nong)(nong)(nong)藥(yao)殘(can)留(liu)(liu)限(xian)(xian)量(liang)(liang)(liang)標(biao)準(zhun)現(xian)狀如何值(zhi)得分析(xi)研究[5-6]。《食(shi)(shi)品(pin)(pin)安(an)全國家標(biao)準(zhun)食(shi)(shi)品(pin)(pin)中農(nong)(nong)(nong)藥(yao)最(zui)大(da)殘(can)留(liu)(liu)限(xian)(xian)量(liang)(liang)(liang)》（GB2763—2019）[7]是(shi)我國目(mu)前唯(wei)一現(xian)行有效的(de)(de)農(nong)(nong)(nong)藥(yao)殘(can)留(liu)(liu)限(xian)(xian)量(liang)(liang)(liang)國家標(biao)準(zhun)，其(qi)針(zhen)對核(he)(he)果(guo)(guo)類(lei)(lei)水(shui)(shui)果(guo)(guo)規(gui)定的(de)(de)農(nong)(nong)(nong)藥(yao)種類(lei)(lei)及具(ju)體限(xian)(xian)量(liang)(liang)(liang)等均較之前版本變化(hua)較大(da)，但具(ju)體情況目(mu)前還未見有關報(bao)道。本文以GB2763—2019限(xian)(xian)量(liang)(liang)(liang)數據為(wei)基礎(chu)，整理出核(he)(he)果(guo)(guo)類(lei)(lei)水(shui)(shui)果(guo)(guo)中規(gui)定的(de)(de)具(ju)體農(nong)(nong)(nong)藥(yao)ADI值(zhi)（每日允許攝入量(liang)(liang)(liang)）及其(qi)具(ju)體限(xian)(xian)量(liang)(liang)(liang)值(zhi)，詳細(xi)分析(xi)了核(he)(he)果(guo)(guo)類(lei)(lei)水(shui)(shui)果(guo)(guo)農(nong)(nong)(nong)藥(yao)最(zui)大(da)殘(can)留(liu)(liu)限(xian)(xian)量(liang)(liang)(liang)標(biao)準(zhun)現(xian)狀，對于科學指(zhi)導生(sheng)產(chan)中安(an)全用藥(yao)、提(ti)高(gao)質量(liang)(liang)(liang)安(an)全水(shui)(shui)平具(ju)有重要(yao)意義。

1我國(guo)核果類水果中農(nong)藥最大殘留限(xian)量標(biao)準(zhun)的主(zhu)要變化

通過(guo)整合(he)與完善(shan)，代替(ti)標(biao)(biao)準(zhun)GB2763—2016[8]和(he)GB2763.1—2018[9]，2019年(nian)8月15日國(guo)家衛生健(jian)康委員(yuan)會(hui)、農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)村部(bu)和(he)國(guo)家市場監(jian)督(du)管理總局(ju)聯合(he)頒布了(le)GB2763—2019《食(shi)品(pin)(pin)安全國(guo)家標(biao)(biao)準(zhun)食(shi)品(pin)(pin)中(zhong)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)最(zui)(zui)大(da)(da)殘(can)(can)(can)留(liu)(liu)(liu)限(xian)(xian)量(liang)(liang)(liang)》，并于2020年(nian)2月15日正式(shi)實施，對(dui)(dui)我國(guo)356種(zhong)(zhong)（類）食(shi)品(pin)(pin)規定(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)了(le)2,4-滴等(deng)(deng)483種(zhong)(zhong)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)7107項殘(can)(can)(can)留(liu)(liu)(liu)限(xian)(xian)量(liang)(liang)(liang)標(biao)(biao)準(zhun)，在涵蓋的(de)(de)(de)(de)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)殘(can)(can)(can)留(liu)(liu)(liu)限(xian)(xian)量(liang)(liang)(liang)數(shu)量(liang)(liang)(liang)上首次超(chao)過(guo)國(guo)際食(shi)品(pin)(pin)法典委員(yuan)會(hui)（CAC），標(biao)(biao)志著(zhu)我國(guo)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)殘(can)(can)(can)留(liu)(liu)(liu)標(biao)(biao)準(zhun)制(zhi)定(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)邁(mai)上了(le)新(xin)(xin)(xin)臺階(jie)。其中(zhong)對(dui)(dui)果品(pin)(pin)規定(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)了(le)264種(zhong)(zhong)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)2045項MRL，核(he)果類水(shui)(shui)(shui)果遵照(zhao)執行。相比改版前(qian)，GB2763—2019對(dui)(dui)核(he)果類水(shui)(shui)(shui)果規定(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)最(zui)(zui)大(da)(da)殘(can)(can)(can)留(liu)(liu)(liu)限(xian)(xian)量(liang)(liang)(liang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)新(xin)(xin)(xin)增(zeng)(zeng)40種(zhong)(zhong)，最(zui)(zui)大(da)(da)殘(can)(can)(can)留(liu)(liu)(liu)限(xian)(xian)量(liang)(liang)(liang)數(shu)增(zeng)(zeng)加(jia)108項，具體新(xin)(xin)(xin)增(zeng)(zeng)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)、用途及制(zhi)定(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)最(zui)(zui)大(da)(da)殘(can)(can)(can)留(liu)(liu)(liu)限(xian)(xian)量(liang)(liang)(liang)指(zhi)標(biao)(biao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)樹種(zhong)(zhong)見表1。新(xin)(xin)(xin)增(zeng)(zeng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)40種(zhong)(zhong)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)中(zhong)，包(bao)括百菌清、吡噻菌胺、丙環唑(zuo)、代森(sen)銨等(deng)(deng)殺菌劑(ji)有18種(zhong)(zhong)，阿維菌素、吡蟲啉(lin)等(deng)(deng)殺蟲劑(ji)有15種(zhong)(zhong)，苯嘧磺草(cao)胺、草(cao)銨膦(lin)等(deng)(deng)除草(cao)劑(ji)有5種(zhong)(zhong)，螺(luo)螨(man)酯和(he)唑(zuo)螨(man)酯殺螨(man)劑(ji)2種(zhong)(zhong)。增(zeng)(zeng)加(jia)的(de)(de)(de)(de)108項最(zui)(zui)大(da)(da)殘(can)(can)(can)留(liu)(liu)(liu)限(xian)(xian)量(liang)(liang)(liang)中(zhong)，包(bao)括新(xin)(xin)(xin)增(zeng)(zeng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)40種(zhong)(zhong)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)制(zhi)定(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)的(de)(de)(de)(de)79項最(zui)(zui)大(da)(da)殘(can)(can)(can)留(liu)(liu)(liu)限(xian)(xian)量(liang)(liang)(liang)，以(yi)及已有限(xian)(xian)量(liang)(liang)(liang)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)對(dui)(dui)不(bu)同樹種(zhong)(zhong)增(zeng)(zeng)加(jia)的(de)(de)(de)(de)限(xian)(xian)量(liang)(liang)(liang)，另外GB2763—2019在對(dui)(dui)核(he)果類水(shui)(shui)(shui)果規定(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)最(zui)(zui)大(da)(da)殘(can)(can)(can)留(liu)(liu)(liu)限(xian)(xian)量(liang)(liang)(liang)時，把溴氰菊(ju)酯等(deng)(deng)個別農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)對(dui)(dui)核(he)果類水(shui)(shui)(shui)果統(tong)一(yi)制(zhi)定(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)的(de)(de)(de)(de)限(xian)(xian)量(liang)(liang)(liang)修改為分別對(dui)(dui)桃(tao)、油桃(tao)、杏、棗（鮮）、李、櫻桃(tao)、青梅的(de)(de)(de)(de)限(xian)(xian)量(liang)(liang)(liang)等(deng)(deng)，這(zhe)里不(bu)再贅述(shu)。從表1可以(yi)看出，吡噻菌胺、二氰蒽醌、氟吡菌酰(xian)胺等(deng)(deng)10余(yu)種(zhong)(zhong)新(xin)(xin)(xin)增(zeng)(zeng)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)沒有測(ce)定(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)方法，這(zhe)就導致部(bu)分農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)雖然規定(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)了(le)限(xian)(xian)量(liang)(liang)(liang)標(biao)(biao)準(zhun)，卻(que)沒有檢測(ce)方法標(biao)(biao)準(zhun)，使得這(zhe)些(xie)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)不(bu)能統(tong)一(yi)檢測(ce)依據，也(ye)就無(wu)法進(jin)行有效(xiao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)判定(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)，有待于加(jia)強農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)檢測(ce)技術標(biao)(biao)準(zhun)的(de)(de)(de)(de)完善(shan)。

2我國核果類水(shui)果中農藥(yao)最大殘留限量標準現狀

摘要(yao)：農(nong)(nong)藥(yao)(yao)是(shi)當前(qian)農(nong)(nong)業生(sheng)產用(yong)于防治病、蟲、雜草對(dui)農(nong)(nong)作(zuo)物危害(hai)不可缺少(shao)(shao)的(de)物質，對(dui)促(cu)進農(nong)(nong)業增產有著重(zhong)要(yao)的(de)作(zuo)用(yong)。但(dan)從另(ling)一方(fang)面看，農(nong)(nong)藥(yao)(yao)施用(yong)到(dao)農(nong)(nong)作(zuo)物上以后，雖然絕(jue)大部分因多種原(yuan)因而轉化，但(dan)農(nong)(nong)作(zuo)物內還會殘(can)(can)(can)留(liu)(liu)有極(ji)(ji)少(shao)(shao)量的(de)農(nong)(nong)藥(yao)(yao)。長時間(jian)攝食殘(can)(can)(can)留(liu)(liu)農(nong)(nong)藥(yao)(yao)會影響人體的(de)健康(kang)，這就(jiu)是(shi)農(nong)(nong)藥(yao)(yao)殘(can)(can)(can)留(liu)(liu)量問題的(de)由來。近年(nian)(nian)來，由于不少(shao)(shao)農(nong)(nong)戶(hu)忽視農(nong)(nong)藥(yao)(yao)的(de)正確、合理使用(yong)，在茶葉、糧谷、蔬菜及水果種植中(zhong)經常發生(sheng)農(nong)(nong)藥(yao)(yao)污染問題，農(nong)(nong)藥(yao)(yao)殘(can)(can)(can)留(liu)(liu)量超標(biao)相當嚴重(zhong)，并呈逐年(nian)(nian)加劇趨(qu)勢。因此，對(dui)食品中(zhong)農(nong)(nong)藥(yao)(yao)殘(can)(can)(can)留(liu)(liu)檢測中(zhong)極(ji)(ji)其重(zhong)要(yao)的(de)環節—前(qian)處理技術的(de)研究是(shi)非常必要(yao)的(de)。

關鍵詞：農藥(yao)殘留檢測處(chu)理技術(shu)

一、樣品前(qian)處(chu)理(li)技術及其進展

1.1常用樣品前處理技術(shu)

1.1.1溶(rong)劑萃(cui)(cui)取(qu)（LLE）液體(ti)樣(yang)品最常(chang)(chang)(chang)用的(de)萃(cui)(cui)取(qu)技(ji)術之一是溶(rong)劑萃(cui)(cui)取(qu)，利(li)用樣(yang)品中(zhong)不(bu)同(tong)(tong)(tong)組分(fen)分(fen)配(pei)在兩種不(bu)混溶(rong)的(de)溶(rong)劑中(zhong)溶(rong)解度或分(fen)配(pei)比的(de)不(bu)同(tong)(tong)(tong)來達到分(fen)離、提(ti)取(qu)或純化(hua)的(de)目的(de)，通(tong)常(chang)(chang)(chang)又叫(jiao)做液—液萃(cui)(cui)取(qu)。根據基質的(de)不(bu)同(tong)(tong)(tong)，可(ke)分(fen)為液—液萃(cui)(cui)取(qu)、液—固萃(cui)(cui)取(qu)和(he)(he)液—氣萃(cui)(cui)取(qu)（溶(rong)液吸收）。現在的(de)液—液萃(cui)(cui)取(qu)技(ji)術已經發展(zhan)到連續萃(cui)(cui)取(qu)和(he)(he)逆流萃(cui)(cui)取(qu)，有利(li)于處(chu)理(li)含(han)有低分(fen)配(pei)系數物(wu)質的(de)樣(yang)品；微(wei)萃(cui)(cui)取(qu)技(ji)術有利(li)于提(ti)高靈敏度和(he)(he)減(jian)少溶(rong)劑用量；萃(cui)(cui)取(qu)小柱技(ji)術模仿了傳統(tong)的(de)液—液萃(cui)(cui)取(qu)技(ji)術，而且使樣(yang)品收集變得非常(chang)(chang)(chang)容易，同(tong)(tong)(tong)時避免了樣(yang)品乳(ru)化(hua)問(wen)題(ti)；在線(xian)萃(cui)(cui)取(qu)和(he)(he)自動液—液萃(cui)(cui)取(qu)等方式能夠減(jian)小人為誤(wu)差，有利(li)于處(chu)理(li)大體(ti)積(ji)樣(yang)品。

1.1.2固(gu)相(xiang)(xiang)萃取（SPE）固(gu)相(xiang)(xiang)萃取就是利用(yong)(yong)固(gu)體(ti)吸附(fu)(fu)(fu)劑將液體(ti)樣品(pin)中的(de)目(mu)標化合物吸附(fu)(fu)(fu)，使(shi)其與(yu)樣品(pin)的(de)基體(ti)和(he)(he)干擾(rao)化合物分(fen)(fen)(fen)離(li)，然后(hou)再用(yong)(yong)洗脫(tuo)液洗脫(tuo)或加熱解吸附(fu)(fu)(fu)，達到分(fen)(fen)(fen)離(li)和(he)(he)富集目(mu)標化合物的(de)目(mu)的(de)。與(yu)液——液萃取等(deng)傳統方法相(xiang)(xiang)比，固(gu)相(xiang)(xiang)萃取具有(you)如下(xia)優點：①高的(de)回(hui)收(shou)(shou)率和(he)(he)富集倍數(shu)。②使(shi)用(yong)(yong)的(de)高純有(you)毒有(you)機(ji)溶劑量很(hen)少(shao)，減(jian)少(shao)了(le)對(dui)環(huan)境(jing)的(de)污染(ran)，是一(yi)種(zhong)對(dui)環(huan)境(jing)友(you)好的(de)分(fen)(fen)(fen)離(li)富集方法。③無相(xiang)(xiang)分(fen)(fen)(fen)離(li)操(cao)作(zuo)，易于收(shou)(shou)集分(fen)(fen)(fen)析(xi)物組分(fen)(fen)(fen)，能(neng)處理小體(ti)積試樣。④操(cao)作(zuo)簡便、快速、易于實現自(zi)動化。應用(yong)(yong)固(gu)相(xiang)(xiang)萃取可以分(fen)(fen)(fen)析(xi)食品(pin)中有(you)效成(cheng)分(fen)(fen)(fen)或有(you)害成(cheng)分(fen)(fen)(fen)，以及(ji)環(huan)保(bao)水樣中各種(zhong)污染(ran)物等(deng)。

l采樣點(dian)布設、樣品采集和處理(li)

根據種植的(de)主要農(nong)作物種類(lei)，分別(bie)采集水田(tian)、一(yi)旱(han)(han)田(tian)、菜田(tian)3類(lei)耕層土壤(0一(yi)2()。n、)。水稻土屬于淹育(yu)型(xing)水稻土，旱(han)(han)田(tian)土和菜田(tian)土屬于草甸土。布(bu)點(dian)原(yuan)則以(yi)50kmZ左右為(wei)一(yi)樣點(dian)，為(wei)方使采集以(yi)鄉為(wei)單位分別(bie)隨機(ji)抽樣確定點(dian)位。在(zai)每(mei).點(dian)位的(de)艇蓋(gai)面積上，以(yi)梅花形法確定

取(qu)祥(xiang)點;每取(qu)樣點以對(dui)角線5點取(qu)樣后混勻(yun)，四分法留取(qu)1kg。在秋冬季農作物收獲后采集土壤樣品。

將(jiang)采集的土(tu)壤(rang)祥品自(zi)然風干后(hou)去(qu)石礫，磨碎(sui)過40目(mu)篩備用。

2被(bei)測定農藥的確定及分析方法

根據所(suo)調查(cha)農(nong)(nong)藥的(de)排毒(du)系數、使(shi)用(yong)量、使(shi)用(yong)范圍(wei)、殘留(liu)性等因素確定(ding)本研究測定(ding)的(de)農(nong)(nong)藥品種:水(shui)田(tian)(tian)為禾大壯、丁草胺、敵百蟲、澳氰菊酚、1605。各(ge)類農(nong)(nong)田(tian)(tian)均測定(ding)六六份DDT。

摘要：本(ben)文(wen)闡述了農藥(yao)殘(can)留(liu)(liu)的(de)危害、農藥(yao)殘(can)留(liu)(liu)檢(jian)測(ce)技術的(de)重要意義，最后系(xi)統探究了食品檢(jian)測(ce)中農藥(yao)殘(can)留(liu)(liu)檢(jian)測(ce)技術，包括前處理(li)技術、氣相色譜檢(jian)測(ce)、液相色譜檢(jian)測(ce)技術、生(sheng)化分析技術、電化學技術、蛋白(bai)質組成(cheng)分析檢(jian)測(ce)技術、免(mian)疫親和色譜分析以及(ji)流動注射免(mian)疫法，希望能給相關(guan)人士提供有效參考。

關鍵(jian)詞：食(shi)品檢(jian)(jian)測(ce)；農(nong)藥殘(can)留；檢(jian)(jian)測(ce)技術(shu)

目(mu)前，農藥(yao)相關化學藥(yao)劑的應用越(yue)來越(yue)廣泛，而人們對于食(shi)品農藥(yao)殘留的重視程度也不斷提高。在具體的實踐操作(zuo)中，應合理(li)利(li)用各種科學檢測(ce)手段，嚴格檢測(ce)食(shi)品內的農藥(yao)殘留，確(que)定食(shi)品中是(shi)否存在農藥(yao)殘留超標(biao)現(xian)象，為(wei)進一步提升食(shi)品安全性奠定良(liang)好的基礎保(bao)障。為(wei)此需(xu)要不斷深入(ru)研究(jiu)農藥(yao)殘留檢測(ce)技術，科學管理(li)各種不達標(biao)農產品。

1農藥殘留的危害

人(ren)(ren)們生(sheng)(sheng)活中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)所食(shi)用(yong)(yong)的(de)(de)(de)各種(zhong)食(shi)品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)，由于生(sheng)(sheng)物富集以(yi)及(ji)(ji)生(sheng)(sheng)物鏈(lian)作(zuo)(zuo)用(yong)(yong)的(de)(de)(de)影響(xiang)，農(nong)(nong)(nong)藥相繼在食(shi)品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)殘(can)(can)留(liu)(liu)下(xia)(xia)來。如水(shui)產(chan)養(yang)殖動物在飼養(yang)過(guo)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)會(hui)(hui)投(tou)喂(wei)各種(zhong)存在一(yi)(yi)定農(nong)(nong)(nong)藥殘(can)(can)留(liu)(liu)的(de)(de)(de)浮游生(sheng)(sheng)物，導致水(shui)產(chan)品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)遺留(liu)(liu)下(xia)(xia)一(yi)(yi)定的(de)(de)(de)農(nong)(nong)(nong)藥殘(can)(can)留(liu)(liu)。在各種(zhong)農(nong)(nong)(nong)作(zuo)(zuo)物的(de)(de)(de)生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)、種(zhong)植、儲藏以(yi)及(ji)(ji)運(yun)輸(shu)過(guo)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，若不對(dui)農(nong)(nong)(nong)作(zuo)(zuo)物及(ji)(ji)農(nong)(nong)(nong)藥實施(shi)科學(xue)放(fang)置，則(ze)會(hui)(hui)使(shi)得兩者接觸頻繁(fan)，產(chan)生(sheng)(sheng)農(nong)(nong)(nong)藥污染。除(chu)此之外，因受各種(zhong)農(nong)(nong)(nong)藥影響(xiang)，環境中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)形成(cheng)(cheng)了有(you)害污染源，進(jin)一(yi)(yi)步增加了食(shi)品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)內的(de)(de)(de)農(nong)(nong)(nong)藥殘(can)(can)留(liu)(liu)問題。農(nong)(nong)(nong)作(zuo)(zuo)物種(zhong)植中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)有(you)機(ji)(ji)氯(lv)(lv)(lv)農(nong)(nong)(nong)藥及(ji)(ji)有(you)機(ji)(ji)磷農(nong)(nong)(nong)藥殘(can)(can)留(liu)(liu)會(hui)(hui)對(dui)人(ren)(ren)產(chan)生(sheng)(sheng)各種(zhong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)度的(de)(de)(de)危害。食(shi)品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)殘(can)(can)留(liu)(liu)的(de)(de)(de)有(you)機(ji)(ji)磷農(nong)(nong)(nong)藥，易引發皮膚組織、腸胃以(yi)及(ji)(ji)呼吸(xi)道的(de)(de)(de)感(gan)染或中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)毒，使(shi)人(ren)(ren)們體(ti)質變(bian)弱，威脅到人(ren)(ren)們的(de)(de)(de)身體(ti)健(jian)康。長期(qi)食(shi)用(yong)(yong)有(you)機(ji)(ji)磷農(nong)(nong)(nong)藥殘(can)(can)留(liu)(liu)食(shi)品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)，會(hui)(hui)使(shi)人(ren)(ren)體(ti)的(de)(de)(de)白細胞(bao)吞(tun)噬功能(neng)減弱、肝臟(zang)能(neng)力(li)變(bian)差以(yi)及(ji)(ji)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)樞神經紊亂等(deng)，甚至還會(hui)(hui)產(chan)生(sheng)(sheng)細胞(bao)癌化和(he)細胞(bao)變(bian)異等(deng)問題。食(shi)品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)內殘(can)(can)留(liu)(liu)的(de)(de)(de)有(you)機(ji)(ji)氯(lv)(lv)(lv)農(nong)(nong)(nong)藥，會(hui)(hui)導致人(ren)(ren)身體(ti)出現慢性中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)毒問題。隨著殘(can)(can)留(liu)(liu)有(you)機(ji)(ji)氯(lv)(lv)(lv)農(nong)(nong)(nong)藥在體(ti)內的(de)(de)(de)不斷積累，會(hui)(hui)對(dui)人(ren)(ren)體(ti)的(de)(de)(de)神經系統和(he)肝臟(zang)系統造成(cheng)(cheng)直接破壞，產(chan)生(sheng)(sheng)惡心乏力(li)、抽搐(chu)以(yi)及(ji)(ji)頭暈等(deng)問題，嚴重(zhong)情況下(xia)(xia)還會(hui)(hui)導致直接死亡[1]。

2食品(pin)檢(jian)(jian)測(ce)(ce)中農(nong)藥殘留檢(jian)(jian)測(ce)(ce)技(ji)術的(de)重要意(yi)義