ups不間斷電源范文

時間:2023-03-28 22:49:49

導(dao)語:如何才能寫好一篇ups不間斷電(dian)源,這就需要(yao)搜集整(zheng)理更(geng)多的資料和文獻,歡迎(ying)閱(yue)讀由公務員之家(jia)整(zheng)理的十篇范文,供你借鑒。

篇1

關鍵字:ups,蓄電池,維護

Abstract: in today, equipment for power load demand more and more high, in order to ensure that equipment are the demand, and solve the problem of the power grid to equipment damage, this requires such power supply has the safety, reliability and stability, the purity. UPS is conforming to this demand, this is to stabilize, continuous, uninterrupted to load provide pure, high quality communication power supply.

Keyword: UPS, storage battery, maintenance

中圖分類(lei)號:TM912文獻標識碼: A 文章(zhang)編號:

UPS(Uninterruptibe Power Supply)是不間斷電源的(de)(de)(de)英文縮寫簡稱。配置UPS的(de)(de)(de)目的(de)(de)(de)是為(wei)了防止因市電(dian)停電(dian)和發(fa)生電(dian)壓下限或(huo)(huo)外來噪聲侵入(ru)等(deng)造成(cheng)計(ji)算機設(she)備(bei)、通信設(she)備(bei)等(deng)負載(zai)設(she)備(bei)的(de)(de)(de)停機或(huo)(huo)發(fa)生誤(wu)動作。在計(ji)算機運行期間,如(ru)果市電(dian)供電(dian)中斷(duan),將會導致(zhi)數(shu)據庫中的(de)(de)(de)數(shu)據丟失和程(cheng)序破壞(huai),有(you)時甚至使(shi)磁(ci)頭和磁(ci)盤遇(yu)到損(sun)壞(huai),造成(cheng)難以彌(mi)補的(de)(de)(de)損(sun)失。為(wei)了解(jie)決以上的(de)(de)(de)問(wen)題,UPS由此產生。

隨著計(ji)算機網絡技術(shu)、現代(dai)全球化(hua)通信(xin)技術(shu)和(he)高精尖的(de)精密(mi)加工工業(ye)的(de)發(fa)展和(he)因(yin)此而帶動起來的(de)信(xin)息產業(ye)的(de)發(fa)展,人們愈來愈認識到,以計(ji)算機和(he)通信(xin)設備等(deng)為代(dai)表的(de)非線性負載在運行(xing)過(guo)程中所產生的(de)“諧波污(wu)染”是造成當今電網供電質(zhi)量普(pu)遍(bian)惡(e)化(hua)的(de)主要原因(yin)。

為滿足(zu)計(ji)算(suan)機(ji)網(wang)絡通(tong)信系(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)、電(dian)信和(he)(he)移動(dong)電(dian)話通(tong)信系(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)、航空管理系(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)、公(gong)路(lu)和(he)(he)鐵道調度和(he)(he)售票系(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)等部門(men)對(dui)高(gao)(gao)可靠和(he)(he)高(gao)(gao)質量電(dian)源的(de)(de)需求,UPS正(zheng)越(yue)來越(yue)廣泛地被選用(yong)(yong)。所有這(zhe)些,反過來又在(zai)促進UPS技(ji)術的(de)(de)發展。由(you)于將(jiang)網(wang)絡通(tong)信和(he)(he)電(dian)源監控(kong)(kong)軟(ruan)件調控(kong)(kong)技(ji)術完善的(de)(de)結合起(qi)來而(er)形成(cheng)的(de)(de)智能化UPS電(dian)源的(de)(de)出(chu)現,它(ta)不僅能使用(yong)(yong)戶可以從(cong)任何(he)計(ji)算(suan)機(ji)網(wang)絡結點上監控(kong)(kong)UPS的(de)(de)運(yun)行,而(er)且(qie)還可利(li)用(yong)(yong)電(dian)源監控(kong)(kong)軟(ruan)件對(dui)用(yong)(yong)戶的(de)(de)計(ji)算(suan)機(ji)操作(zuo)系(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)和(he)(he)所運(yun)行的(de)(de)程序(xu)及數據提供全面的(de)(de)保護。

1.UPS的作用

一(yi)臺設(she)(she)計完善的UPS所要完成的主(zhu)要作(zuo)用是向用戶(hu)的重要設(she)(she)備提供(gong)可靠與高質量的無(wu)時(shi)間中斷的交流(liu)電(dian)源(yuan)。

UPS電(dian)源需(xu)要(yao)向用(yong)戶提供(gong)具有(you)如下(xia)優(you)點的(de)(de)(de)高(gao)(gao)質量電(dian)源:輸(shu)出電(dian)源的(de)(de)(de)穩壓(ya)精度高(gao)(gao);工作(zuo)頻率穩定;電(dian)壓(ya)失(shi)真度小的(de)(de)(de)純凈正弦波電(dian)源;輸(shu)出波形(xing)上(shang)不(bu)存在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)任何干擾;無論(lun)市(shi)電(dian)電(dian)網供(gong)電(dian)正常(chang)與否,UPS能在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)毫無時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)間中斷(duan)的(de)(de)(de)條件(jian)下(xia),向用(yong)戶提供(gong)高(gao)(gao)質量的(de)(de)(de)交(jiao)流(liu)電(dian)源。所(suo)配置的(de)(de)(de)UPS電(dian)源在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)長時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)間運(yun)行過程(cheng)中,可(ke)(ke)能產(chan)生的(de)(de)(de)任何瞬(shun)態(tai)(tai)(tai)供(gong)電(dian)中斷(duan)時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)間控制(zhi)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)5ms的(de)(de)(de)范圍(wei)之內。一(yi)般的(de)(de)(de)微機(ji)(ji)(ji)和服(fu)(fu)(fu)務器所(suo)允許的(de)(de)(de)瞬(shun)態(tai)(tai)(tai)供(gong)電(dian)中斷(duan)時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)間在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)10ms的(de)(de)(de)范圍(wei)。如果(guo)向計算(suan)機(ji)(ji)(ji)和通信設備服(fu)(fu)(fu)務器所(suo)提供(gong)電(dian)源的(de)(de)(de)瞬(shun)態(tai)(tai)(tai)中斷(duan)時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)間超過上(shang)述范圍(wei)時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi),就(jiu)會(hui)造成(cheng)(cheng)微機(ji)(ji)(ji)進入(ru)自檢無動作(zuo)的(de)(de)(de)狀態(tai)(tai)(tai),從而造成(cheng)(cheng)用(yong)戶所(suo)正在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)運(yun)行的(de)(de)(de)數據(ju)或(huo)程(cheng)序被(bei)破(po)壞和丟失(shi)的(de)(de)(de)不(bu)幸局面。當遇到這種情況時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi),用(yong)戶就(jiu)會(hui)看見正在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)運(yun)行中的(de)(de)(de)微機(ji)(ji)(ji)顯示(shi)屏上(shang)出現一(yi)片空白,服(fu)(fu)(fu)務器上(shang)先有(you)告警燈(一(yi)般紅燈)閃亮后停止工作(zuo),隨著瞬(shun)態(tai)(tai)(tai)供(gong)電(dian)中斷(duan)現象的(de)(de)(de)消失(shi),微機(ji)(ji)(ji)再次進入(ru)程(cheng)序自檢,自檢開機(ji)(ji)(ji)運(yun)行狀態(tai)(tai)(tai),服(fu)(fu)(fu)務器也可(ke)(ke)能重新啟動也可(ke)(ke)能燒(shao)壞。

2.UPS的工作原理

現(xian)在的(de)UPS電(dian)(dian)源按工作原(yuan)理(li)不(bu)同(tong),向用戶提(ti)供如下(xia)五種類型的(de)UPS電(dian)(dian)源品(pin)種:(1) 雙變(bian)換(huan)在線式UPS電(dian)(dian)源;(2)變(bian)換(huan)器型UPS電(dian)(dian)源;(3)在線互動式UPS電(dian)(dian)源;(4)后備(bei)式正弦(xian)波輸出UPS電(dian)(dian)源;(5)后備(bei)式方波輸出UPS電(dian)(dian)源。

按供電體(ti)系(xi)不同,UPS分為:單(dan)(dan)進單(dan)(dan)出UPS;三進單(dan)(dan)出UPS;三進三出UPS。

按輸(shu)出功率不同,UPS分為:小功率(30KVA)。

目前通訊行(xing)業普遍使用的是(shi)雙變(bian)換在線式(shi)(On-line)UPS電(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)系統;下面介紹此UPS電(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)系統的工作原理,如(ru)圖2.1。

圖(tu)2.1 UPS工作(zuo)原理系統圖(tu)

2.1UPS正(zheng)常運轉時(shi)的運作方法(fa):

不(bu)(bu)間(jian)斷(duan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源系統(tong)(tong)的(de)供電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)原(yuan)理是(shi)當市(shi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)正常時(shi)(shi)(shi),機器(qi)會(hui)(hui)將市(shi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)交流電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)轉(zhuan)換為直流電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian),而(er)后對(dui)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian),以(yi)備(bei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)中(zhong)斷(duan)時(shi)(shi)(shi)使用(yong);這里跟各位強調(diao)的(de)是(shi)不(bu)(bu)間(jian)斷(duan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源系統(tong)(tong)并不(bu)(bu)是(shi)停電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)時(shi)(shi)(shi)才會(hui)(hui)動(dong)作(zuo),像是(shi)遇(yu)到電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓過低或過高(gao)、瞬間(jian)突波(bo)等,足以(yi)影響設備(bei)正常運轉(zhuan)的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)品質時(shi)(shi)(shi),不(bu)(bu)斷(duan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)系統(tong)(tong)均會(hui)(hui)動(dong)作(zuo),提供設備(bei)穩定且干凈(jing)的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)。 當市(shi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)正常供電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)時(shi)(shi)(shi),市(shi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)經濾波(bo)回(hui)路后,分為兩個回(hui)路同(tong)時(shi)(shi)(shi)動(dong)作(zuo),其(qi)(qi)一是(shi)經由充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)回(hui)路對(dui)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池組充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian),另一個則是(shi)經整流回(hui)路,作(zuo)為逆(ni)變器(qi)的(de)輸(shu)入,再經過逆(ni)變器(qi)的(de)轉(zhuan)換提供電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)給負載使用(yong);由此可知,在線式不(bu)(bu)間(jian)斷(duan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源系統(tong)(tong)的(de)輸(shu)出(chu)完全由逆(ni)變器(qi)來供應,因此不(bu)(bu)論市(shi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)品質如何,其(qi)(qi)輸(shu)出(chu)均是(shi)穩定而(er)不(bu)(bu)受任何影響。

2.2 市電停電時(shi),UPS的運(yun)作方法:

一(yi)旦市電(dian)(dian)(dian)發生(sheng)異(yi)常時,將儲存于電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)中(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)直流(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)轉換為交流(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian),此時逆變(bian)器的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)輸入改由電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)組來供(gong)應(ying)(ying),逆變(bian)器持(chi)續提供(gong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)力,供(gong)給負載繼續使(shi)用,達到不(bu)間(jian)(jian)斷(duan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)功(gong)能(neng)。不(bu)間(jian)(jian)斷(duan)系統(tong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)力來源是電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi),而電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)容(rong)量是有(you)限的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de),因此不(bu)間(jian)(jian)斷(duan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)源系統(tong)不(bu)會(hui)像市電(dian)(dian)(dian)一(yi)般無限制的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)供(gong)應(ying)(ying),所(suo)以不(bu)論多大(da)容(rong)量的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)不(bu)斷(duan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)系統(tong),在其滿載的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)狀態下,其所(suo)供(gong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)時間(jian)(jian)必定有(you)限,若要延(yan)長放(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)時間(jian)(jian),須(xu)購(gou)買長時間(jian)(jian)型(xing)不(bu)間(jian)(jian)斷(duan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)源系統(tong)。

2.3旁(pang)路(lu)運行方式當在線式UPS超載(zai)、旁(pang)路(lu)命令(手動或自動)、逆變(bian)器(qi)(qi)過熱或機器(qi)(qi)故(gu)障,UPS一般將逆變(bian)輸出轉為旁(pang)路(lu)輸出,即由(you)市電直接供電。由(you)于旁(pang)路(lu)時,UPS輸出頻率相(xiang)位需與市電頻率相(xiang)位相(xiang)同(tong),因(yin)而采用(yong)鎖相(xiang)同(tong)步(bu)技術確保UPS輸出與市電同(tong)步(bu)。旁(pang)路(lu)開關雙向可控硅(gui)并(bing)聯工作方式,解決(jue)了旁(pang)路(lu)切(qie)換時間問題,真正做到了不間斷切(qie)換,控制電路(lu)復雜,一般應用(yong)在中大功率UPS上。如(ru)果在過載(zai)時,必(bi)須人為減(jian)少負載(zai),否則旁(pang)路(lu)短路(lu)器(qi)(qi)會自動切(qie)斷輸出。

2.4旁(pang)路維(wei)護(hu)方(fang)式當UPS進(jin)行檢修時(shi),通過手動(dong)(dong)旁(pang)路保證負(fu)載設備的正常(chang)供電(dian),當維(wei)修操作完(wan)成后,重新啟動(dong)(dong)UPS, UPS 轉為正常(chang)運(yun)行。極低的維(wei)護(hu)率,MTTR為15分鐘,極大地提(ti)高UPS可用性。

3.UPS的日常維護

1、經常對UPS主機(ji)和(he)電池(chi)組進行清潔,以免機(ji)箱太臟造成通風口堵塞,而影響機(ji)器壽命。

2、注意檢查室內溫度(du),以便(bian)機(ji)器工作(zuo)在(zai)15—25攝氏(shi)度(du)最佳(jia)環境(jing),如果溫度(du)過高(gao)會(hui)影(ying)響主機(ji)和電(dian)池的(de)壽命(ming)。

3、輸(shu)入電源(yuan)線應長期(qi)與(yu)UPS相連(lian),這樣可保證只要有市電即(ji)可給UPS的電池充電,電池組只有與(yu)UPS主機相連(lian)接(jie)才能充電。

4、如果正常工作時遇到(dao)市電(dian)(dian)(dian)停電(dian)(dian)(dian),UPS可(ke)提供(gong)標準值(zhi)的電(dian)(dian)(dian)池后備時間(jian)(jian),但每次放電(dian)(dian)(dian)完畢后必須及時充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)。否(fou)則,UPS將無法提供(gong)足(zu)夠的后備時間(jian)(jian)讓負載正常工作。

5、對于長期不停電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)地區,應每隔3個(ge)月對UPS的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)組進行一次較深度(du)的(de)放電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian),即(ji)市電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)輸入開(kai)關斷(duan)掉(diao),用(yong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)支持負載(zai),直到電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓接近到欠壓范(fan)圍;然后立即(ji)合上市電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)輸入開(kai)關,重(zhong)新將電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)組充至滿容量,以此(ci)來激活電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi),確保(bao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)有較長的(de)可靠壽命。

6、電(dian)(dian)池(chi)間(jian)的溫度(du)應保持25攝氏度(du)的最佳環境(jing),對(dui)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)組每月一次進行測(ce)試,多巡視每只(zhi)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)電(dian)(dian)壓,是(shi)否落后(hou)電(dian)(dian)池(chi),有(you)發現落后(hou)趕快做活(huo)化等(deng)有(you)效措施(shi),要恢復(fu)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)電(dian)(dian)壓正常狀態(tai);

7、發生故障燈亮與(yu)蜂鳴器,通常代表機(ji)器內部有電(dian)路(lu)不正常,致使保護(hu)電(dian)路(lu)動作。在使用過程中(zhong)遇到此情(qing)況時(shi),可(ke)先關機(ji),待(dai)十(shi)分鐘后再重(zhong)新啟動UPS。如果啟動時(shi)就發生這種(zhong)情(qing)況,則(ze)可(ke)能電(dian)路(lu)中(zhong)有故障存在,必(bi)須仔(zi)細檢查并維修。

8、對于(yu)大中(zhong)功率UPS來說,頻繁的開關機會縮短UPS的工作(zuo)壽(shou)命(ming),因此建議盡(jin)可能(neng)的減(jian)少開關機次(ci)數。通常(chang),將(jiang)UPS開起來以后,就讓其一直運行(xing),只有(you)當停電較長而需要(yao)保護電池(chi),以避(bi)免電池(chi)深度放電時才關掉UPS。

9、每半(ban)年都(dou)應(ying)檢(jian)(jian)查(cha)一(yi)次(ci)輸入,輸出電(dian)纜;檢(jian)(jian)查(cha)電(dian)纜有無破(po)損(sun),測量接觸(chu)是否良(liang)好。

4、使(shi)用UPS注(zhu)意事項

1、UPS的使用(yong)環境應注意通(tong)風良好(hao),利于散熱。并保(bao)(bao)持環境的清潔。 2、 UPS輸出插座應明確標識,勿(wu)(wu)使加入無關負(fu)(fu)載(zai)或短路。 3、切勿(wu)(wu)帶感性負(fu)(fu)載(zai),如點鈔機、日光燈、空(kong)調(diao),以免造成損壞(huai)。4、若用(yong)戶在(zai)市電(dian)(dian)停電(dian)(dian)期間(jian)使用(yong)發(fa)電(dian)(dian)機供電(dian)(dian),應保(bao)(bao)證發(fa)電(dian)(dian)機功率大于兩倍UPS額(e)定功率。必須(xu)在(zai)發(fa)電(dian)(dian)機啟動(dong)穩(wen)定后才(cai)能接(jie)入UPS。5、開啟UPS負(fu)(fu)載(zai)時,一般遵(zun)循(xun)先大后小的原則(ze)。6、UPS輸出負(fu)(fu)載(zai)控制在(zai)60%左右為最(zui)佳(jia),可靠性最(zui)好(hao)。

篇2

關(guan)鍵詞:不間斷電源;概念;優點;維護

中圖分類號:TN86 文(wen)獻標識(shi)碼:A 文(wen)章編號:1007-9599 (2012) 11-0000-02

一、引言

作為(wei)(wei)一(yi)(yi)種不(bu)(bu)間斷電源供應(ying)的(de)(de)(de)(de)系統設備(bei)—UPS已經在多數發達(da)國家得到廣泛(fan)應(ying)用(yong),比如(ru)早(zao)期的(de)(de)(de)(de)醫院手術室,電視(shi)臺的(de)(de)(de)(de)節目播(bo)出以(yi)(yi)及尖端軍事國防科技應(ying)用(yong),UPS的(de)(de)(de)(de)出現極大地緩(huan)解了(le)緊(jin)急情況(kuang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)電力供應(ying),從(cong)而(er)最大限度的(de)(de)(de)(de)減少(shao)了(le)不(bu)(bu)必要的(de)(de)(de)(de)損失。當然,隨著IT技術的(de)(de)(de)(de)迅猛發展,圖像以(yi)(yi)及文(wen)字(zi)處理技術越(yue)來越(yue)多的(de)(de)(de)(de)成(cheng)為(wei)(wei)計算機(ji)處理并貯存(cun)的(de)(de)(de)(de)一(yi)(yi)部(bu)分,UPS電源系統就成(cheng)為(wei)(wei)這(zhe)些應(ying)用(yong)系統設備(bei)中(zhong)(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)一(yi)(yi)個(ge)不(bu)(bu)可(ke)缺少(shao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)部(bu)分。假如(ru)計算機(ji)處理系統、服務器(qi)、各種傳輸設備(bei)突然出現斷電的(de)(de)(de)(de)意外事故,不(bu)(bu)單單是(shi)數據以(yi)(yi)及程序丟失的(de)(de)(de)(de)問題,而(er)且更為(wei)(wei)嚴重(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)是(shi)可(ke)能會造(zao)成(cheng)計算機(ji)的(de)(de)(de)(de)硬(ying)盤陣列的(de)(de)(de)(de)損壞以(yi)(yi)及整個(ge)通(tong)信的(de)(de)(de)(de)中(zhong)(zhong)斷。如(ru)果(guo)這(zhe)些數據的(de)(de)(de)(de)丟失或者是(shi)通(tong)信的(de)(de)(de)(de)中(zhong)(zhong)斷將會給(gei)我們的(de)(de)(de)(de)生活和工作造(zao)成(cheng)極為(wei)(wei)嚴重(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)后果(guo)。

二(er)、UPS不間斷電(dian)源系統的(de)概念(nian)及(ji)分類

UPS是(shi)不(bu)間斷(duan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)系統的(de)英(ying)文(wen)簡稱,而(er)英(ying)文(wen)為Uninterruptible Power Supply,基于字面的(de)意思就是(shi)當電(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)異(yi)常或者中(zhong)斷(duan)時(shi)候(hou)能(neng)(neng)夠(gou)不(bu)間斷(duan)的(de)提供(gong)(gong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)力,從而(er)維持計算機等設備(bei)(bei)能(neng)(neng)正常操作的(de)一種(zhong)設備(bei)(bei)。不(bu)間斷(duan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)系統不(bu)僅可(ke)以(yi)對質量不(bu)良的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)進行濾(lv)除噪(zao)音、穩(wen)壓以(yi)提供(gong)(gong)使(shi)用者穩(wen)定純(chun)凈的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)而(er)且能(neng)(neng)在(zai)(zai)輸入(ru)電(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)中(zhong)斷(duan)時(shi)立即(ji)提供(gong)(gong)給各種(zhong)設備(bei)(bei)穩(wen)定而(er)純(chun)凈的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)。所以(yi)用戶(hu)特別(bie)是(shi)在(zai)(zai)網絡設備(bei)(bei)及通信設備(bei)(bei)上接(jie)入(ru)不(bu)間斷(duan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)系統就像(xiang)是(shi)購買了人(ren)身保險一樣,有備(bei)(bei)無患。同(tong)(tong)時(shi)根據工作性質的(de)不(bu)同(tong)(tong)UPS不(bu)間斷(duan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)系統大致(zhi)可(ke)分(fen)為以(yi)下幾(ji)種(zhong):分(fen)別(bie)為在(zai)(zai)線(xian)(xian)式、在(zai)(zai)線(xian)(xian)互動式以(yi)及離(li)線(xian)(xian)式。

(一(yi))什么是在線式不間斷電(dian)源系統(tong)呢?一(yi)般在機械術語中,其指(zhi)由逆(ni)變器(qi)輸出(chu)負(fu)載電(dian)力,只有當UPS出(chu)現故(gu)障的時候,整個系統(tong)才(cai)會轉(zhuan)為才(cai)會轉(zhuan)為旁路輸出(chu)負(fu)載。這種(zhong)電(dian)源系統(tong)一(yi)般的特點(dian)為:

1.由于輸(shu)出(chu)至負載之(zhi)電力(li)會通過(guo)UPS處理,因此輸(shu)出(chu)電源質量最(zui)高(gao)。

2.無轉換時間。

3.保護性最(zui)高,對市電噪聲衰減能力(li)最(zui)佳(jia)。

(二)在線(xian)互動式不間斷(duan)電源系統是逆變器(qi)會(hui)作為(wei)(wei)充電器(qi),當旁路經變壓(ya)器(qi)輸出給負(fu)載。當另外一種情況(kuang)出現(xian),比(bi)如斷(duan)電的時候,逆變器(qi)則(ze)將(jiang)電池能量轉化(hua)為(wei)(wei)交流電輸出給負(fu)載。其特點是:

1保持雙向性轉換器的設計。

2.UPS不(bu)間斷電源系統的電池回充時(shi)間比較短。

3.保護性介(jie)于在線式與離線式UPS之間。

(三)離線式(shi)不間斷電(dian)源系(xi)統一(yi)般(ban)是(shi)指一(yi)條直(zhi)通路徑,而(er)這條路徑是(shi)平常市電(dian)走旁邊(bian)的(de),一(yi)般(ban)是(shi)直(zhi)接(jie)供電(dian)給負載。通常只有停(ting)電(dian)的(de)時候,才能由(you)電(dian)池來提供電(dian)力。離線式(shi)不間斷電(dian)源系(xi)統同一(yi)般(ban)的(de)特點(dian)為:

1.當市電正常供給的時候(hou),UPS對市電幾乎沒有任何處理而直接輸出到負載。

2.結(jie)構簡單、體(ti)積(ji)小(xiao)、重量(liang)輕、控制(zhi)容(rong)易(yi)、低(di)成本特性(xing)。

三、機(ji)房(fang)的供電(dian)特點及使用UPS供電(dian)的優點

(一(yi))因為(wei)絕(jue)大多數(shu)的設備(bei)都屬(shu)于計算機(ji)應用(yong)類(lei)型的。根據這一(yi)特(te)點要(yao)(yao)求(qiu),對于機(ji)房(fang)專用(yong)設備(bei)的供電(dian)要(yao)(yao)求(qiu),普通計算機(ji)機(ji)房(fang)對電(dian)網電(dian)源的供電(dian)要(yao)(yao)求(qiu)首先必須得到滿足。

1.電(dian)壓波動380V小于(yu)或(huo)等于(yu)5%,220V小于(yu)或(huo)等于(yu)5%。

2.其設備頻率(lv)的變化范圍(wei)必須小于(yu)1%。

3.相(xiang)數為三(san)相(xiang)四線制/單相(xiang)三(san)線制或三(san)相(xiang)五線制。

(二(er))由(you)于大(da)部分(fen)專用(yong)設備(bei)要(yao)求(qiu)供電(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)(de)等(deng)(deng)級是(shi)(shi)比較(jiao)高的(de)(de)。一(yi)般來說假如突然中斷供電(dian)(dian)(dian),所(suo)造(zao)成(cheng)的(de)(de)經濟(ji)損失將會不(bu)可估量這(zhe)位一(yi)級負(fu)荷。而另外一(yi)種(zhong)情(qing)況是(shi)(shi)中斷供電(dian)(dian)(dian)對生產通信造(zao)成(cheng)一(yi)定程度的(de)(de)影響,這(zhe)種(zhong)情(qing)況為(wei)二(er)級負(fu)荷。而計算機大(da)部分(fen)設備(bei)例如接收器、網(wang)關與(yu)服(fu)務器等(deng)(deng)介于一(yi)級和(he)二(er)級負(fu)荷之(zhi)間(jian)(jian)。一(yi)般的(de)(de)用(yong)戶供電(dian)(dian)(dian)要(yao)求(qiu)介于需建(jian)立帶(dai)備(bei)用(yong)的(de)(de)供電(dian)(dian)(dian)系(xi)統(tong)與(yu)不(bu)帶(dai)電(dian)(dian)(dian)之(zhi)間(jian)(jian)。而比如特殊情(qing)況,像經常(chang)發生較(jiao)長時間(jian)(jian)停電(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)(de)單位,企業應該(gai)考(kao)慮配置發電(dian)(dian)(dian)機,另外其(qi)容量不(bu)小(xiao)于UPS電(dian)(dian)(dian)源額定輸(shu)出功率的(de)(de)兩倍。

(三)而對于(yu)業(ye)務機房而言,所需(xu)要的UPS可(ke)能要求更高,一般(ban)都(dou)是中(zhong)小(xiao)型UPS電源(yuan)(yuan)且負(fu)(fu)荷(he)(he)(he)有不斷擴容(rong)的趨勢。比(bi)如,一般(ban)的省(sheng)廳或者機關部門單位(wei)其(qi)機房的負(fu)(fu)荷(he)(he)(he)都(dou)小(xiao)于(yu)10KVA,因(yin)此屬(shu)于(yu)比(bi)較小(xiao)型的UPS電源(yuan)(yuan)。其(qi)他(ta)的市政單位(wei)其(qi)電力負(fu)(fu)荷(he)(he)(he)多(duo)數介于(yu)10至50KVA之間,隸(li)屬(shu)中(zhong)型UPS電源(yuan)(yuan)。而小(xiao)型UPS多(duo)數采用單相輸(shu)入加單相輸(shu)出的工作(zuo)模(mo)式,而大中(zhong)型UPS采用的是三相輸(shu)出的工作(zuo)模(mo)式。

四、UPS電(dian)源工(gong)作系統使用的優點(dian)

(一(yi)(yi)(yi))UPS電(dian)(dian)源系統供電(dian)(dian)持續長,一(yi)(yi)(yi)般(ban)為幾個小時(shi),也(ye)有大到十幾個小時(shi)的(de),它(ta)的(de)主(zhu)要(yao)功能是可以讓您在停電(dian)(dian)的(de)情況可像平常一(yi)(yi)(yi)樣工(gong)作,顯(xian)(xian)然(ran),由于其(qi)功能的(de)特殊(shu),價格也(ye)明顯(xian)(xian)要(yao)貴一(yi)(yi)(yi)大截。比較適用于計(ji)算(suan)機、交通、銀行、證券、通信、醫療、工(gong)業(ye)控(kong)制等行業(ye),因為這些領(ling)域的(de)電(dian)(dian)腦一(yi)(yi)(yi)般(ban)不(bu)允(yun)許出現停電(dian)(dian)現象。

(二)離線式UPS運行效率(lv)高、噪(zao)音低、價格相對便宜,主要適(shi)用(yong)于市電(dian)波動(dong)不大,對供電(dian)質(zhi)量要求(qiu)不高的場合,比較(jiao)適(shi)合家庭使(shi)用(yong)。

(三)具有(you)較(jiao)強的軟件功能,可(ke)以(yi)方(fang)便地(di)上網(wang),進(jin)行UPS的遠程控制和智能化(hua)管理。可(ke)自動偵測外部輸(shu)(shu)入電(dian)壓(ya)是否處于(yu)正常范圍(wei)之(zhi)內,如有(you)偏差可(ke)由穩(wen)壓(ya)電(dian)路升壓(ya)或降壓(ya),提(ti)供比較(jiao)穩(wen)定的正弦波(bo)輸(shu)(shu)出電(dian)壓(ya)。而且(qie)它(ta)與計(ji)(ji)算機(ji)(ji)之(zhi)間可(ke)以(yi)通(tong)過(guo)數(shu)據(ju)接口(如RS-232串口)進(jin)行數(shu)據(ju)通(tong)訊,通(tong)過(guo)監(jian)控軟件,用戶可(ke)直接從電(dian)腦屏幕上監(jian)控電(dian)源及UPS狀況,簡化(hua)、方(fang)便管理工作,并可(ke)提(ti)高計(ji)(ji)算機(ji)(ji)系統的可(ke)靠性(xing)。

五、不間斷電源系統的維護及保養的簡略(lve)介紹

(一(yi)(yi))UPS的(de)(de)工(gong)作(zuo)質(zhi)量與壽命(ming)與UPS電源的(de)(de)工(gong)作(zuo)環境息(xi)息(xi)相關(guan),所(suo)以(yi)用(yong)(yong)戶在(zai)使用(yong)(yong)的(de)(de)時候,應該對(dui)其周圍的(de)(de)環境進行定點定時的(de)(de)檢測(ce)與偵測(ce),如果環境的(de)(de)溫度變化的(de)(de)過快的(de)(de)話(hua),可(ke)能會對(dui)其征程(cheng)的(de)(de)工(gong)作(zuo)造(zao)成嚴重的(de)(de)影響。另(ling)外(wai)一(yi)(yi)方面,電池組(zu)的(de)(de)維(wei)修與保養也會對(dui)UPS電池組(zu)的(de)(de)壽命(ming)起到關(guan)鍵作(zuo)用(yong)(yong)。其次(ci)在(zai)維(wei)修使用(yong)(yong)的(de)(de)時候需(xu)要使用(yong)(yong)絕(jue)緣效(xiao)果良好(hao)的(de)(de)工(gong)具,并且嚴格(ge)按照操作(zuo)說明書(shu)或有關(guan)的(de)(de)電工(gong)手冊,保證所(suo)接的(de)(de)地線(xian)火線(xian)以(yi)及零線(xian)都符(fu)號要求,不得隨意更改他們之間的(de)(de)相互順(shun)序。

(二)由于(yu)UPS長期處于(yu)開(kai)機狀(zhuang)態(tai),所(suo)以盡量不要(yao)(yao)帶負載(zai)開(kai)啟UPS。要(yao)(yao)注意開(kai)機時候(hou)的先(xian)后(hou)順序(xu),先(xian)打開(kai)UPS電(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan),再(zai)(zai)開(kai)啟負載(zai)電(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan),而關(guan)機的時候(hou)應該按照相反(fan)的順序(xu)來(lai)進行。UPS的開(kai)關(guan)次數不宜(yi)太過于(yu)頻繁,關(guan)閉后(hou)要(yao)(yao)等6秒之后(hou)才能(neng)再(zai)(zai)開(kai)機。否則,可能(neng)出(chu)(chu)現既無市電(dian)(dian)(dian)輸(shu)(shu)出(chu)(chu),有沒有逆變器(qi)輸(shu)(shu)出(chu)(chu)的“啟動(dong)失敗”的狀(zhuang)態(tai)。

(三)UPS使用的(de)注意(yi)事項

1.UPS的使用環境應(ying)注意通(tong)風(feng)良好,利(li)于散(san)熱,并且保持周圍環境的整潔。

2.切勿(wu)帶感性(xing)負(fu)載,如點(dian)鈔機、日光(guang)燈、空調(diao)等,以免造成(cheng)損壞。

3.UPS的輸出負載控制(zhi)在60%左右為最佳,可靠性最高。

4.UPS帶(dai)(dai)載過輕(qing)(如1000VA的(de)UPS帶(dai)(dai)100VA負(fu)載)有可能造成電池的(de)深度放(fang)電,會降(jiang)低電池的(de)使用(yong)壽命,應盡量避免。

5.適當的放電,有助于電池的激活,如長(chang)期不停市(shi)電,每隔三個(ge)月應人為斷(duan)掉市(shi)電用UPS帶(dai)負載放電一(yi)次,這樣可以延長(chang)電池的使用壽命。

6.對于多(duo)(duo)數(shu)小型UPS,上班(ban)再(zai)開UPS,開機(ji)時要避(bi)免(mian)帶載啟(qi)動,下班(ban)時應(ying)關閉(bi)UPS;對于網絡機(ji)房(fang)的(de)UPS,由于多(duo)(duo)數(shu)網絡是24小時工作的(de),所以UPS也必須全(quan)天候運(yun)行。

7.UPS放電(dian)后應(ying)及時充電(dian),避免電(dian)池因過度(du)自放電(dian)而損壞。

六、結語

綜上所(suo)述,UPS電池的(de)正確使(shi)用(yong)與維(wei)護(hu)需要由(you)市級(ji)各單位的(de)工(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)人員以及相(xiang)關工(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)者(zhe)的(de)互(hu)相(xiang)配合(he),而UPS不間斷電源系統(tong)的(de)故(gu)障率的(de)降低,對一些重(zhong)要的(de)系統(tong)比如(ru)經濟(ji)、金(jin)融和銀行等單位起著越(yue)來越(yue)重(zhong)要的(de)作(zuo)(zuo)用(yong)。

參考文獻:

[1]朱峰,姜久春,王占國.基于串口通信的蓄電池校準系統(tong)的設(she)計(ji)[J].微計(ji)算機信息,2010,1

[2]陳(chen)敬學.UPS供電系統的改造以及(ji)維(wei)護[J].中(zhong)國(guo)有線電視,2010,1

[3]王力堅,劉楊,夏清,何春.UPS應用與(yu)供電系統設計技術探討工程師(shi)與(yu)制造(zao)商伙伴們的觀點[J].電氣應用,2010,2

篇3

關鍵詞: UPS;種類;電(dian)池(chi)容量;功率;進線(xian);出線(xian)

中(zhong)圖分類號:TM911.1 文獻標識碼:A 文章編號:

1 前言

UPS(Uninterruptible Power System)是指不間斷電(dian)源。UPS按照工(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)原(yuan)理可(ke)分(fen)為(wei)后備式(shi)(shi)和在線式(shi)(shi),以(yi)(yi)及介于二者之間的(de)(de)在線互動式(shi)(shi);按備用時(shi)間可(ke)以(yi)(yi)分(fen)為(wei)標準機(ji)和長效(xiao)機(ji);按整流(liu)器的(de)(de)工(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)頻(pin)率可(ke)以(yi)(yi)分(fen)為(wei)工(gong)頻(pin)機(ji)和高頻(pin)機(ji)。UPS的(de)(de)基本功能(neng)是在斷電(dian)的(de)(de)情況下,能(neng)夠實現不停電(dian)切換,為(wei)其(qi)它(ta)設備繼續供電(dian),同時(shi)在電(dian)壓不穩時(shi),能(neng)夠起到穩定電(dian)壓的(de)(de)功能(neng),同時(shi)具有抑制電(dian)網的(de)(de)電(dian)壓沖浪,保證用戶正(zheng)常工(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)與數據(ju)不受(shou)到干擾。因此,UPS不間斷電(dian)源越(yue)來越(yue)多(duo)地被應用在各(ge)個(ge)領域。

2 UPS的(de)種類和特點

2.1按逆變器在(zai)市電正常(chang)時是(shi)否工作分類(lei)

按照逆(ni)變器在市電正常時是否工作,UPS一般(ban)可分為后備式和在線式,以及(ji)介于二者之(zhi)間的在線互(hu)動式。

2.2按備用時間分類

按備(bei)用時間(jian)的區(qu)別,UPS可以分為標準(zhun)機(ji)和長效機(ji)。標準(zhun)機(ji)為UPS內配電(dian)池組,時間(jian)一般為5~15min。如(ru)果用戶需(xu)要更(geng)長的備(bei)用時間(jian),UPS則需(xu)外接電(dian)池,稱為長效機(ji)。

2.3按(an)整流(liu)器工(gong)作頻(pin)率分類

UPS可(ke)以根據輸(shu)(shu)入(ru)(ru)輸(shu)(shu)出的(de)(de)(de)相(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)別劃(hua)分(fen)為單相(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)輸(shu)(shu)入(ru)(ru)/單相(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)輸(shu)(shu)出、三(san)相(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)輸(shu)(shu)入(ru)(ru)/單相(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)輸(shu)(shu)出、三(san)相(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)輸(shu)(shu)入(ru)(ru)/三(san)相(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)輸(shu)(shu)出等(deng)。小容量的(de)(de)(de)UPS可(ke)以采用單相(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)輸(shu)(shu)入(ru)(ru)/單相(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)輸(shu)(shu)出的(de)(de)(de)方式,中、大(da)型容量的(de)(de)(de)UPS建(jian)議(yi)盡量采用三(san)相(xiang)(xiang)(xiang),以避(bi)免負荷分(fen)配的(de)(de)(de)不(bu)平(ping)衡。

3 UPS電池容量(liang)和功率的選擇

下面(mian)以某商業大廈(sha)的(de)中(zhong)心(xin)機(ji)房為例,來說(shuo)明UPS的(de)選(xuan)用。某中(zhong)心(xin)機(ji)房內配置核心(xin)交換(huan)機(ji)1臺(tai),3.5kW;服務器2臺(tai),2×0.4kW;廣播柜1臺(tai),1.0kW;監控(kong)報警及(ji)顯(xian)示設備,2.0kW;1~5層弱(ruo)電機(ji)房,5×1.0kW。合計為12.3kW,采用UPS集中(zhong)供電,考慮(lv)到UPS的(de)裕量,按30%計,為16kW,則(ze)可以選(xuan)用20kVA(16kW)的(de)UPS。

蓄電(dian)池供電(dian)時間主要(yao)受(shou)負載大(da)小、電(dian)池容量、環境溫度、電(dian)池放電(dian)截止電(dian)壓等因素影響。設計時,可作如下估算:

所需蓄電池安時(shi)數(Ah)=UPS電源(yuan)(yuan)功率(VA)×延時(shi)時(shi)間(jian)(h)÷UPS電源(yuan)(yuan)起動(dong)電壓(ya)(V)

假(jia)設選用(yong)的20kVA的UPS要求持續供(gong)電(dian)(dian)4h,其起(qi)動(dong)電(dian)(dian)壓為(wei)30×12V=360V,則(ze)所需安時數為(wei)20000VA×4h÷360V=222Ah,可選用(yong)100Ah的蓄電(dian)(dian)池組2組,則(ze)供(gong)電(dian)(dian)時間(jian)為(wei)200Ah×360V/20000VA=3.6h。

在(zai)選擇UPS的(de)容量時,還要(yao)考(kao)慮(lv)一定(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)的(de)裕量。對電(dian)子計算(suan)(suan)(suan)機供(gong)電(dian)時,其(qi)額(e)定(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)輸(shu)出功率(lv)(lv)應大于計算(suan)(suan)(suan)機各(ge)設備額(e)定(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)功率(lv)(lv)總和的(de)1.2倍(bei);對其(qi)他用電(dian)設備供(gong)電(dian)時,其(qi)額(e)定(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)輸(shu)出功率(lv)(lv)應為(wei)最大計算(suan)(suan)(suan)負荷的(de)1.3倍(bei)。另外,還需考(kao)慮(lv)功率(lv)(lv)因數問題,UPS的(de)功率(lv)(lv)分為(wei)視在(zai)功率(lv)(lv)和有功功率(lv)(lv),如20kVA的(de)UPS,按功率(lv)(lv)因數為(wei)0.8考(kao)慮(lv),其(qi)額(e)定(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)功率(lv)(lv)為(wei)16kW。

4 UPS的供配電

4.1 單(dan)相進單(dan)相出的UPS, 其供(gong)配電(dian)線路根據計算電(dian)流選定(ding)

除(chu)了對(dui)負載進行分析(xi),根據(ju)其(qi)(qi)要求的(de)(de)(de)(de)高低和經濟的(de)(de)(de)(de)許可選擇合(he)適的(de)(de)(de)(de)UPS外(wai),要使UPS可靠(kao)地工作(zuo),正確的(de)(de)(de)(de)供(gong)(gong)配(pei)(pei)電(dian)(dian)也是不可缺少的(de)(de)(de)(de)一(yi)環。JGJ16-2008《民用建筑(zhu)電(dian)(dian)氣(qi)設計(ji)(ji)規(gui)(gui)范》規(gui)(gui)定:UPS宜(yi)采(cai)用兩路電(dian)(dian)源(yuan)供(gong)(gong)電(dian)(dian),交(jiao)流(liu)(liu)輸(shu)(shu)入電(dian)(dian)源(yuan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)總相(xiang)對(dui)諧波(bo)含量不宜(yi)超過10%,且其(qi)(qi)交(jiao)流(liu)(liu)輸(shu)(shu)入電(dian)(dian)源(yuan)不宜(yi)與其(qi)(qi)他(ta)沖擊性(xing)負荷(he)由同一(yi)變壓器及(ji)母(mu)線供(gong)(gong)電(dian)(dian);在TN-S供(gong)(gong)電(dian)(dian)系統(tong)(tong)中(zhong),UPS的(de)(de)(de)(de)交(jiao)流(liu)(liu)輸(shu)(shu)入端(duan)宜(yi)設置隔離(li)變壓器或專用變壓器;當UPS輸(shu)(shu)出端(duan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)隔離(li)變壓器為TN-S、TT接(jie)地形式時,中(zhong)性(xing)點應接(jie)地,這是因為UPS裝(zhuang)置的(de)(de)(de)(de)旁路系統(tong)(tong)輸(shu)(shu)入中(zhong)性(xing)導(dao)體與輸(shu)(shu)出中(zhong)性(xing)導(dao)體連(lian)接(jie)在一(yi)起,UPS裝(zhuang)置的(de)(de)(de)(de)輸(shu)(shu)入端(duan)與輸(shu)(shu)出端(duan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)中(zhong)性(xing)導(dao)體必須是同一(yi)個系統(tong)(tong)。對(dui)于單(dan)相(xiang)進單(dan)相(xiang)出的(de)(de)(de)(de)UPS,其(qi)(qi)供(gong)(gong)配(pei)(pei)電(dian)(dian)線路根據(ju)計(ji)(ji)算電(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)選定。如(ru)某3kVA的(de)(de)(de)(de)UPS供(gong)(gong)配(pei)(pei)電(dian)(dian)系統(tong)(tong)圖如(ru)圖1所示。

(a)UPS進線系統圖

(b)UPS出(chu)線系統圖

圖1UPS出線系統(tong)圖

4.2 三相(xiang)進(jin)三相(xiang)出的UPS, 其配電(dian)線路也根據計(ji)算電(dian)流來確定

對于三(san)相進三(san)相出(chu)的(de)UPS,其配電(dian)線路也(ye)根(gen)據計算電(dian)流來確定(ding)。如(ru)某20kVA的(de)UPS供(gong)配電(dian)系統圖如(ru)圖2、圖3所(suo)示(shi)。

圖(tu)2 UPS進線系統(tong)圖(tu)

圖3 UPS出線系(xi)統圖

4.3 三相進(jin)單相出的UPS, 其(qi)進(jin)線按三相考慮, 出線按單相考慮

對于三相(xiang)(xiang)進(jin)單(dan)相(xiang)(xiang)出的UPS,其進(jin)線按三相(xiang)(xiang)考(kao)慮,出線按單(dan)相(xiang)(xiang)考(kao)慮。如20kVA的UPS供配電系統圖如圖4、圖5所(suo)示。

圖4 UPS進(jin)線(xian)系統圖

圖(tu)5 UPS出線系(xi)統圖(tu)

但由于(yu)在(zai)(zai)線式UPS在(zai)(zai)超載、旁(pang)路命令(手動或自動)、逆(ni)變(bian)器過熱或機器故障或檢修(xiu)時(shi),一般將(jiang)逆(ni)變(bian)輸出轉為旁(pang)路輸出,由市電(dian)直(zhi)(zhi)接(jie)供電(dian)。三(san)相(xiang)(xiang)進(jin)單相(xiang)(xiang)出的UPS大多在(zai)(zai)旁(pang)路輸出時(shi),直(zhi)(zhi)接(jie)將(jiang)負載都接(jie)到同一相(xiang)(xiang)上。配(pei)電(dian)系統如(ru)圖6所示(shi)。

圖6 UPS旁(pang)路(lu)運行時示意圖

此時(shi),所有的負載都接在(zai)L3相上,存在(zai)進(jin)線開關(guan)(guan)和(he)線路(lu)(lu)不夠的問題,所以UPS廠家一般(ban)(ban)建議三相進(jin)單相出的UPS進(jin)線開關(guan)(guan)和(he)線路(lu)(lu)都按單相時(shi)來配置(zhi),如(ru)上面列(lie)舉的UPS進(jin)線系統一般(ban)(ban)按如(ru)圖7所示(shi)配置(zhi)。

圖(tu)(tu)7 UPS進線系統(tong)圖(tu)(tu)

假(jia)如三相進(jin)單相出的UPS交(jiao)流電(dian)源進(jin)線處設置隔離變壓器,則容量也(ye)要相應放大3倍。

5 UPS對土(tu)建(jian)的要(yao)求(qiu)

目前UPS所用的(de)(de)電(dian)池(chi)大多為(wei)免維護的(de)(de)鉛(qian)酸(suan)蓄電(dian)池(chi),其(qi)使用時允許的(de)(de)環境溫度(du)(du)一般在(zai)(zai)-15~50℃,但在(zai)(zai)溫度(du)(du)為(wei)-25~20℃時的(de)(de)壽命(ming)更長(chang),低于15℃時,其(qi)放(fang)電(dian)容量下降,溫度(du)(du)每降低1℃,其(qi)容量下降約1%,而溫度(du)(du)過高(gao)(>30℃),其(qi)壽命(ming)又(you)會(hui)縮短(duan),故一般要求UPS室(shi)的(de)(de)溫度(du)(du)保(bao)持在(zai)(zai)18~28℃。由于UPS的(de)(de)重(zhong)要性(xing),故UPS室(shi)要求設置應(ying)急照明及外(wai)開防火門(men),室(shi)內凈高(gao)不(bu)宜小于2.5m。

UPS室(shi)設置時(shi)(shi)要考慮(lv)進出(chu)線及維護(hu)的(de)(de)方(fang)便(bian),不應(ying)設置在廁(ce)所(suo)(suo)、浴室(shi)等潮(chao)濕(shi)場(chang)所(suo)(suo)的(de)(de)正下方(fang)。UPS電池(chi)(chi)室(shi)的(de)(de)荷載設計時(shi)(shi)要作為(wei)重(zhong)點(dian)內(nei)容(rong)提供給(gei)土建,按(an)(an)5電子信息系統機房(fang)工程設計與(yu)安裝標(biao)(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)圖集6提供的(de)(de)數據,蓄(xu)電池(chi)(chi)組雙列(lie)1層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)擺放時(shi)(shi),電池(chi)(chi)室(shi)活(huo)(huo)荷載標(biao)(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)取(qu)(qu)值(zhi)可(ke)按(an)(an)13kN/m2;蓄(xu)電池(chi)(chi)組雙列(lie)2層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)擺放時(shi)(shi),電池(chi)(chi)室(shi)活(huo)(huo)荷載標(biao)(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)取(qu)(qu)值(zhi)可(ke)按(an)(an)14kN/m2;蓄(xu)電池(chi)(chi)組雙列(lie)3層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)擺放時(shi)(shi),電池(chi)(chi)室(shi)活(huo)(huo)荷載標(biao)(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)取(qu)(qu)值(zhi)可(ke)按(an)(an)15kN/m2;蓄(xu)電池(chi)(chi)組雙列(lie)4層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)擺放時(shi)(shi),電池(chi)(chi)室(shi)活(huo)(huo)荷載標(biao)(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)取(qu)(qu)值(zhi)可(ke)按(an)(an)16kN/m2。UPS主(zhu)機房(fang)活(huo)(huo)荷載標(biao)(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)取(qu)(qu)值(zhi)可(ke)按(an)(an)8~10kN/m2考慮(lv)。設計時(shi)(shi)一般宜(yi)優(you)先考慮(lv)底層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)放置,如(ru)果設置在樓(lou)上(shang),設備宜(yi)放置在梁上(shang)。

6結語

UPS的(de)種類多,價格和(he)質(zhi)量也存在(zai)著不(bu)(bu)小差異,在(zai)選用UPS不(bu)(bu)間斷電(dian)(dian)源時,應結合(he)具體情況采(cai)購。同時,為了使UPS能可靠、有效地工作,UPS的(de)供配電(dian)(dian)、機房的(de)設計和(he)布置,以及設備本身(shen)所要求的(de)維(wei)護(hu)和(he)管(guan)理這些問題,我(wo)們(men)也應重視。

參考文獻

篇4

【關(guan)鍵詞】一體化 不間斷(duan) 變(bian)電(dian)站

1 引言

目前,變電(dian)站的繼電(dian)保護、微機控(kong)制和事故照明設備大多數采用(yong)電(dian)力(li)專用(yong)逆變電(dian)源或多臺UPS分散供電(dian)。分散設立多套系(xi)統,增(zeng)加了一次投資和日(ri)常運行維(wei)護工作量。交流和直(zhi)流一體化(hua)不間斷電(dian)源的應用(yong)滿足(zu)了運行維(wei)護和電(dian)力(li)體統對于可靠性的要求。

變電站操作(zuo)電源(yuan)基本設計有3套各(ge)自獨立的系統,即(ji)直流操作(zuo)電源(yuan)(DC)、通(tong)信電源(yuan)、交流不(bu)間斷電源(yuan)。

2 電(dian)站(zhan)不間斷電(dian)源系統(tong)現狀

當前變電站中的操作(zuo)電源(yuan)一般分(fen)為直流電源(yuan)系統(tong)、通信電源(yuan)和交(jiao)流電源(yuan)系統(tong)[1],主要(yao)功能(neng)如下:

2.1 直流電源系統(DC)

直流操作(zuo)電(dian)源系統(tong)(tong)是提(ti)供給(gei)變電(dian)站內所(suo)有控(kong)制、保護、自動(dong)裝置(zhi)等控(kong)制負(fu)荷和(he)各類(lei)直流電(dian)動(dong)機(ji)、斷(duan)路(lu)器合閘機(ji)構等動(dong)力負(fu)荷的電(dian)源。直流操作(zuo)電(dian)源系統(tong)(tong)電(dian)壓一般選(xuan)擇220V或(huo)110 V,采(cai)用不接地方式。對220 kV及(ji)以上變電(dian)站均裝設2組蓄(xu)(xu)電(dian)池及(ji)2套充(chong)電(dian)裝置(zhi),構成(cheng)兩電(dian)兩充(chong)方式,采(cai)用單母(mu)(mu)線(xian)分(fen)段(duan)接線(xian),兩段(duan)母(mu)(mu)線(xian)之間設聯絡電(dian)器,2組蓄(xu)(xu)電(dian)池及(ji)2套充(chong)電(dian)裝置(zhi)分(fen)別接于不同母(mu)(mu)線(xian)段(duan)。

2.2 通信電源

提(ti)供給(gei)變電站內(nei)載波機、光端(duan)機 等通信設備(bei)及保護復(fu)接(jie)設備(bei)電源。系(xi)統電壓為48 V,采用(yong)正極接(jie)地方(fang)式。220 kV及以上變電站按兩(liang)電兩(liang)充(chong)設計,采用(yong)單(dan)母(mu)線接(jie)線,兩(liang)組蓄電池及2套充(chong)電裝置(zhi)分別接(jie)于不同母(mu)線段,2段母(mu)線之間(jian)不設聯絡(luo)電器。

2.3 交流電(dian)源(yuan)系統

在變(bian)電(dian)站(zhan)中,交(jiao)(jiao)流(liu)不間(jian)斷電(dian)源(yuan)系(xi)統(UPS)主要(yao)是給不允許短(duan)時停電(dian)的計算機(ji)(ji)監控設(she)備供電(dian),可(ke)靠性及(ji)穩(wen)定性要(yao)求高,一般均采用(yong)一用(yong)一備串聯運行(xing)方式,即(ji)正(zheng)(zheng)常(chang)(chang)時由(you)主機(ji)(ji)供電(dian),主機(ji)(ji)故(gu)障時,從機(ji)(ji)自動投入。UPS正(zheng)(zheng)常(chang)(chang)由(you)交(jiao)(jiao)流(liu)電(dian)源(yuan)供電(dian),當交(jiao)(jiao)流(liu)電(dian)源(yuan)消失或整流(liu)器(qi)、逆變(bian)器(qi)等(deng)元(yuan)件故(gu)障,則由(you)自帶的蓄電(dian)池向(xiang)逆變(bian)器(qi)供電(dian)。

3 存在的問題

如(ru)上所述的變(bian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)站操(cao)(cao)作(zuo)電(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)的設(she)計(ji)基(ji)本均存(cun)在(zai)3個各自獨立的系統(tong),即(ji)直(zhi)流(liu)操(cao)(cao)作(zuo)電(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)(DC)、通(tong)信電(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)、交(jiao)流(liu)不間斷電(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)(UPS),且每(mei)套電(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)系統(tong)均各帶(dai)1或2組蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(某(mou)些設(she)計(ji)已取(qu)消(xiao)UPS自帶(dai)的蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)池),設(she)立通(tong)信蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)池室(shi)(shi)和直(zhi)流(liu)操(cao)(cao)作(zuo)電(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)池室(shi)(shi)。這必將存(cun)在(zai)以下(xia)問題:設(she)立多套分(fen)系統(tong),蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)池組重復設(she)置,工程的一次投(tou)資(zi)增(zeng)大;設(she)備分(fen)散(san)設(she)置,增(zeng)加了日(ri)常運(yun)行(xing)維(wei)護工作(zuo)量。

隨著運(yun)行維護要求的(de)日益(yi)提高及設備技術的(de)不(bu)斷發展(zhan),電源系統的(de)分散性逐漸顯露出了它存在的(de)不(bu)足,這(zhe)就出現(xian)了直流和交流一體化(hua)不(bu)間(jian)斷電源。

4 一體化不間斷電源設備(bei)及其功(gong)能

4.1 一(yi)體(ti)化電源設(she)備(bei)的含義

一(yi)(yi)體化電(dian)(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)設備(bei)(bei),是將直流(liu)電(dian)(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)、電(dian)(dian)力用(yong)(yong)交(jiao)流(liu)不(bu)間斷電(dian)(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)(UPS)、電(dian)(dian)力用(yong)(yong)逆變(bian)電(dian)(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)(INV)和(he)通信用(yong)(yong)直流(liu)變(bian)換電(dian)(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)(DC/DC)等電(dian)(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)裝(zhuang)置組(zu)(zu)合為一(yi)(yi)體,共享(xiang)直流(liu)電(dian)(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)的蓄電(dian)(dian)池組(zu)(zu),并(bing)統一(yi)(yi)實施監控的成套電(dian)(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)設備(bei)(bei)[2]。

4.2 一體化(hua)不間斷(duan)電源設備(bei)的功(gong)能

一體(ti)(ti)化電(dian)(dian)源設備具有一套公用(yong)的蓄電(dian)(dian)池組,它能(neng)同時為一體(ti)(ti)化電(dian)(dian)源設備的全部輸出負荷提供(gong)電(dian)(dian)源,滿足全部負荷容量(liang)和供(gong)電(dian)(dian)時間的要求。在正(zheng)常(chang)運(yun)行方式下,該電(dian)(dian)源設備由交(jiao)流電(dian)(dian)源供(gong)電(dian)(dian),蓄電(dian)(dian)池處于浮(fu)充備用(yong)狀態(tai);當交(jiao)流電(dian)(dian)源故障停電(dian)(dian)時,蓄電(dian)(dian)池為全部負荷提供(gong)電(dian)(dian)源。所以,一體(ti)(ti)化電(dian)(dian)源設備的備用(yong)電(dian)(dian)源至關重要,應(ying)保證其(qi)在全部工作過(guo)程(cheng)中,不能(neng)出現停電(dian)(dian)。

5 典型的一(yi)體化不間斷電源的實(shi)施方案

目前,新建變電(dian)(dian)站(zhan)都(dou)已應用(yong)不間斷(duan)電(dian)(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)系(xi)(xi)統,以220kV壩基頭變電(dian)(dian)站(zhan)為(wei)例,該(gai)站(zhan)統一由直流操作電(dian)(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)供(gong)電(dian)(dian),除(chu)提供(gong)直流操作電(dian)(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)DC、交(jiao)流不間斷(duan)電(dian)(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)UPS,還提供(gong)通(tong)信(xin)用(yong)48V電(dian)(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)。利用(yong)DC/DC電(dian)(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)變換裝置代(dai)替原通(tong)信(xin)專(zhuan)業48V蓄電(dian)(dian)池電(dian)(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)系(xi)(xi)統,將DC/DC裝置做為(wei)直流系(xi)(xi)統的一個負荷考(kao)慮,即DC-UPS-DC/DC一體化電(dian)(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)。

該(gai)接(jie)線設(she)計(ji)同(tong)(tong)時取消(xiao)(xiao)了UPS系統(tong)、通(tong)信電(dian)(dian)源系統(tong)的蓄(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)池(chi),共用(yong)直流(liu)操作(zuo)(zuo)電(dian)(dian)源DC的蓄(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)組。能(neng)(neng)較好地實(shi)(shi)現(xian)電(dian)(dian)源系統(tong)管(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)的網絡化(hua)、智能(neng)(neng)化(hua),實(shi)(shi)現(xian)站用(yong)電(dian)(dian)源系統(tong)數據一體化(hua)的實(shi)(shi)時監(jian)視,對被監(jian)控對象(xiang)的控制、調節(jie)(jie)和運行方式能(neng)(neng)更方便實(shi)(shi)施集中管(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)、分散控制。減(jian)(jian)少(shao)(shao)設(she)備日常維護工(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)量(liang),同(tong)(tong)時提(ti)(ti)(ti)高(gao)可靠(kao)性,全(quan)站僅(jin)設(she)1套直流(liu)操作(zuo)(zuo)電(dian)(dian)源蓄(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)池(chi),取消(xiao)(xiao)UPS電(dian)(dian)源、通(tong)信電(dian)(dian)源蓄(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)組,減(jian)(jian)少(shao)(shao)了維護管(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)工(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)量(liang)。工(gong)程投資經(jing)濟(ji)性得到提(ti)(ti)(ti)高(gao),設(she)備上減(jian)(jian)少(shao)(shao)了2組通(tong)信用(yong)蓄(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)及UPS蓄(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)。同(tong)(tong)時社會經(jing)濟(ji)效益得到提(ti)(ti)(ti)高(gao),減(jian)(jian)少(shao)(shao)蓄(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)的使用(yong)量(liang),對改善環境質量(liang)具(ju)有積極(ji)的作(zuo)(zuo)用(yong),對節(jie)(jie)約大量(liang)稀有金屬資源潛能(neng)(neng)巨大。

6 一(yi)體化不間斷電源(yuan)應用中的(de)幾個問題

一體(ti)化電(dian)源設備(bei)的(de)(de)核心問題是(shi)(shi)其備(bei)用(yong)電(dian)源的(de)(de)特性、容量(liang)及(ji)其供(gong)電(dian)持(chi)(chi)續(xu)時間。對備(bei)用(yong)電(dian)源的(de)(de)要求是(shi)(shi)放電(dian)平穩、持(chi)(chi)續(xu)時間長、使用(yong)壽命長、正常(chang)運行免維(wei)護(hu)或少維(wei)護(hu)。多年來電(dian)力系統(tong)中一般采用(yong)鉛酸蓄電(dian)池(chi),目前普遍采用(yong)的(de)(de)是(shi)(shi)閥控密封(feng)式鉛酸蓄電(dian)池(chi)[3]。

此外,直流操作電源系(xi)(xi)統為不(bu)接(jie)地(di)系(xi)(xi)統,所(suo)以(yi)(yi)(yi)交流側(ce)的(de)(de)UPS裝置的(de)(de)交流輸入(ru)、輸出與直流側(ce)必須(xu)采取(qu)措施進行隔離(li)(li),如(ru)采用隔離(li)(li)變做(zuo)隔離(li)(li),以(yi)(yi)(yi)避(bi)免交流側(ce)的(de)(de)運行及故(gu)障影響(xiang)直流操作電源系(xi)(xi)統側(ce)的(de)(de)絕緣降低,造成直流系(xi)(xi)統接(jie)地(di)等(deng)異常(chang)。通信電源系(xi)(xi)統采用正(zheng)極接(jie)地(di)方(fang)式(shi),所(suo)以(yi)(yi)(yi)DC/DC裝置的(de)(de)輸入(ru)、輸出部分也必須(xu)隔離(li)(li)。

7 結語

一體化不間斷電源系統減(jian)少了(le)設備配置(zhi)、建(jian)筑面積和蓄電池的附屬設施,由變電站統一運行、維(wei)護(hu),減(jian)少了(le)運維(wei)人員的數量(liang)和工(gong)作量(liang),提高了(le)運行、維(wei)護(hu)工(gong)作的可(ke)靠性和經(jing)濟性。

參考文獻:

[1]佘恬,陳(chen)娟.變電站一體(ti)化不間斷電源(yuan)的應用探討[J].廣西電力,2009(5):30-32.

篇5

【關(guan)鍵詞】 USP電源 廣播電視 重要(yao)性 維(wei)護

UPS,即不(bu)間斷(duan)(duan)(duan)電(dian)(dian)源(yuan)(yuan),是一(yi)種(zhong)含有(you)儲能裝(zhuang)置,以逆變器(qi)為(wei)主要組成部(bu)分的(de)(de)(de)恒壓恒頻的(de)(de)(de)不(bu)間斷(duan)(duan)(duan)電(dian)(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)。作為(wei)衛星地面站保(bao)持供電(dian)(dian)系統(tong)持續斷(duan)(duan)(duan)供電(dian)(dian)的(de)(de)(de)一(yi)個關鍵的(de)(de)(de)設備,UPS 電(dian)(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)能夠(gou)充(chong)分保(bao)障(zhang)機房供電(dian)(dian)的(de)(de)(de)不(bu)間斷(duan)(duan)(duan)性(xing),避免(mian)由于斷(duan)(duan)(duan)電(dian)(dian)而影響到廣播電(dian)(dian)視節目(mu)的(de)(de)(de)順(shun)利(li)播出(chu)。現(xian)階段在使用(yong)過程(cheng)中,一(yi)般不(bu)太注(zhu)重(zhong)(zhong)檢修與維護(hu)UPS電(dian)(dian)源(yuan)(yuan),當發生故障(zhang)的(de)(de)(de)時候,甚至會影響到整個工作系統(tong)的(de)(de)(de)順(shun)利(li)運行。鑒于此,本(ben)文(wen)研究(jiu)了UPS電(dian)(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)對(dui)廣播電(dian)(dian)視播出(chu)設備的(de)(de)(de)重(zhong)(zhong)要性(xing),并(bing)指出(chu)使用(yong)注(zhu)意事項以及維護(hu)策略,以期為(wei)有(you)效使用(yong)UPS電(dian)(dian)源(yuan)(yuan),確(que)保(bao)廣播電(dian)(dian)視節目(mu)順(shun)利(li)播放提供指導(dao)和借鑒。

一(yi)、UPS電源的(de)重要性

1、電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)穩定。市電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)易(yi)受電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力輸送線(xian)路品質的(de)(de)影響,離變電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)所較近的(de)(de)用戶電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)較高約(yue)400~420V,離變電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)所較遠的(de)(de)用戶電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)較低(di)約(yue)320~360V,太高或太低(di)會(hui)使(shi)用戶設備(bei)(bei)縮壽命,嚴重時會(hui)燒毀(hui)設備(bei)(bei),使(shi)用在線(xian)式UPS可提供(gong)穩定的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源,電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)變動不(bu)到2V,可延長設備(bei)(bei)壽命及(ji)保護(hu)設備(bei)(bei)。

2、停電(dian)(dian)(dian)保護和高低電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓保護。首先(xian),瞬間(jian)停電(dian)(dian)(dian)時立即由(you)UPS不(bu)間(jian)斷電(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)將電(dian)(dian)(dian)池直流(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)轉換(huan)成交流(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)繼(ji)續(xu)供(gong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)。其次,市(shi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓過(guo)高或過(guo)低時UPS內建穩壓器將做適當的(de)調整,使市(shi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓保持在可使用(yong)的(de)范圍,若電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓過(guo)低或過(guo)高超(chao)過(guo)可使用(yong)范圍,UPS將電(dian)(dian)(dian)池直流(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)轉換(huan)成交流(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)繼(ji)續(xu)供(gong)電(dian)(dian)(dian),以保護用(yong)戶設(she)備。

3、頻(pin)率(lv)穩定。市電(dian)(dian)頻(pin)率(lv)分為50Hz/60Hz兩種。發電(dian)(dian)機運轉(zhuan)時受到客戶端用電(dian)(dian)量(liang)的(de)(de)突(tu)然變化造成轉(zhuan)速的(de)(de)變動將使轉(zhuan)換出(chu)來的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)力頻(pin)率(lv)飄(piao)移不定,UPS不間斷電(dian)(dian)源轉(zhuan)換的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)力可提供穩定的(de)(de)頻(pin)率(lv)。

4、波(bo)形(xing)(xing)失(shi)真(zhen)處理。由(you)于電(dian)(dian)力(li)經(jing)由(you)輸配電(dian)(dian)線路(lu)傳送至客戶(hu)端,各種機器(qi)設(she)備(bei)特(te)別是非線性(xing)設(she)備(bei)的(de)使用,往往造(zao)成市電(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)波(bo)形(xing)(xing)的(de)失(shi)真(zhen),因為波(bo)形(xing)(xing)失(shi)真(zhen)將產生諧波(bo)而(er)損(sun)壞設(she)備(bei),同時會使電(dian)(dian)力(li)系(xi)統變壓(ya)器(qi)溫度升(sheng)高,一般(ban)要求輸入總(zong)電(dian)(dian)流(liu)諧波(bo)失(shi)真(zhen)率(lv)

5、其他方面(mian)。第一,監控電源(yuan)。配合(he)UPS的(de)智能(neng)型通(tong)訊(xun)接口及監控軟件可紀錄市(shi)電電壓頻率(lv)停電時(shi)間及次(ci)數(shu)來達(da)到電源(yuan)的(de)監控,并(bing)可安(an)排UPS不(bu)間斷電源(yuan)定時(shi)開關機的(de)時(shi)間表來節約(yue)能(neng)源(yuan)。第二(er),抑制共模(mo)噪(zao)(zao)聲(sheng)。共模(mo)噪(zao)(zao)聲(sheng)產生在火(huo)線(xian)/中(zhong)性(xing)線(xian)與(yu)地線(xian)之間。第三,抑制橫模(mo)噪(zao)(zao)聲(sheng),橫模(mo)噪(zao)(zao)聲(sheng)產生在火(huo)線(xian)與(yu)中(zhong)性(xing)線(xian)之間。第四,突波(bo)保護(hu),UPS不(bu)間斷電源(yuan)會加裝突波(bo)吸(xi)收器或尖端放電設計吸(xi)收突波(bo),以保護(hu)用戶設備(bei)。

二、使用(yong)過程中需(xu)要注意的事(shi)項

1、注意工(gong)作(zuo)環(huan)境(jing)(jing)。UPS 電(dian)(dian)源對工(gong)作(zuo)環(huan)境(jing)(jing)具(ju)有非(fei)常高的要求,室內必須沒有灰塵同時保(bao)持干(gan)(gan)燥(zao),這是(shi)由于主機(ji)(ji)上進(jin)入灰塵在(zai)潮(chao)濕條件下將(jiang)造成主機(ji)(ji)工(gong)作(zuo)不穩定,嚴(yan)重導致死機(ji)(ji)。溫度(du)(du)最(zui)好處于15到30攝(she)氏度(du)(du)范圍內,太低(di)將(jiang)會對蓄電(dian)(dian)池容量產(chan)(chan)生(sheng)干(gan)(gan)擾(rao),太高將(jiang)對對主機(ji)(ji)正常運轉產(chan)(chan)生(sheng)影(ying)響,并且使電(dian)(dian)池壽命降低(di),20攝(she)氏度(du)(du)附(fu)近為最(zui)佳溫度(du)(du)。因此(ci)在(zai)UPS 電(dian)(dian)源室適合使用(yong)立式主、備空調機(ji)(ji)。

2、做好絕(jue)緣(yuan)措施。因組(zu)合電(dian)(dian)池組(zu)電(dian)(dian)壓非常高,具(ju)(ju)有或(huo)多或(huo)少的(de)危險,所(suo)在(zai)故(gu)障(zhang)檢修(xiu)過程(cheng)中,檢修(xiu)工作者(zhe)應當注意絕(jue)緣(yuan),無論是人或(huo)者(zhe)工具(ju)(ju)均應當保持充(chong)分的(de)絕(jue)緣(yuan),防止觸(chu)電(dian)(dian)事故(gu)發生。

3、注意(yi)相(xiang)關(guan)參(can)數(shu)與額(e)定功率(lv)。首先,通常情(qing)況下,電(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)主機的(de)(de)相(xiang)關(guan)參(can)數(shu)均為廠(chang)商人員按照客(ke)戶要求提前設定的(de)(de),因(yin)此(ci)不(bu)要盲目將其(qi)改變。尤(you)其(qi)的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)組的(de)(de)參(can)數(shu),否(fou)則將造成主機工(gong)(gong)作紊亂,使電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)壽命降低。其(qi)次(ci),由于(yu)其(qi)額(e)定功率(lv)均為提前根據(ju)播出(chu)系(xi)統負載設置的(de)(de),通常其(qi)功率(lv)余量相(xiang)對較小,因(yin)此(ci)不(bu)能隨意(yi)增(zeng)加(jia)大功率(lv)的(de)(de)設備(bei),由于(yu)系(xi)統工(gong)(gong)作于(yu)不(bu)間斷(duan)狀(zhuang)態下,增(zeng)加(jia)大功率(lv)負載,將導致出(chu)現(xian)主機故(gu)障,甚至(zhi)能夠將電(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)擊(ji)毀。

4、禁(jin)忌帶負(fu)載(zai)啟動,禁(jin)忌大電(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)充(chong)放(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)。首先,要是直接(jie)通過(guo)(guo)UPS 電(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)供(gong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)給播出系統,需要先將(jiang)一切負(fu)載(zai)電(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)開(kai)關(guan)關(guan)閉(bi)之(zhi)后再將(jiang)UPS 電(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)開(kai)啟,等(deng)到后者正(zheng)常啟動之(zhi)后才(cai)將(jiang)負(fu)載(zai)開(kai)關(guan)開(kai)啟。究其(qi)(qi)根源(yuan)(yuan),負(fu)載(zai)瞬間供(gong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)過(guo)(guo)程中將(jiang)產生(sheng)非常高的電(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu),一些負(fu)載(zai)的沖擊電(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)將(jiang)導致電(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)過(guo)(guo)載(zai),甚至將(jiang)其(qi)(qi)損壞。其(qi)(qi)次(ci),禁(jin)忌大電(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)充(chong)放(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian),以防(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池過(guo)(guo)熱(re)變(bian)形(xing),其(qi)(qi)內(nei)阻提高,其(qi)(qi)容量和壽命降低。

三、UPS電源的維護對(dui)策

1、做好(hao)防除(chu)塵(chen)維(wei)護。正常使(shi)用時, UPS 電源(yuan)主機的維(wei)護工作重點是防除(chu)塵(chen)。機中風機的轉動(dong)將吸入空中灰塵(chen)而積聚,與潮濕空氣相遇(yu)的時候將在電路板(ban)粘(zhan)結(jie),導致主機工作紊亂,因此(ci)可以每季度清除(chu)灰塵(chen)1次。

2、定(ding)期核對主機參(can)數、查看(kan)告警菜單。首先,經常核對主機各參(can)數,當發(fa)現(xian)問(wen)題(ti)時(shi)盡快(kuai)與廠(chang)商(shang)聯系,盡快(kuai)做出糾正。其次,經常性的查看(kan)告警菜單,有效把握(wo)其運行狀況,建議每天(tian)查看(kan)1次同時(shi)認真進行記錄。

3、加強電(dian)(dian)池維護(hu)(hu),科學應(ying)對(dui)故障(zhang)。至少半年對(dui)電(dian)(dian)池放電(dian)(dian)1次。平(ping)時維護(hu)(hu)過(guo)程中應(ying)當(dang)(dang)認真對(dui)電(dian)(dian)池進(jin)行檢查,注意其完好(hao)與否(fou),是否(fou)出(chu)現(xian)滲漏與殼變形,是否(fou)出(chu)現(xian)銹蝕等(deng),當(dang)(dang)電(dian)(dian)池組電(dian)(dian)池出(chu)現(xian)問題時,應(ying)當(dang)(dang)盡(jin)快將其更換(huan)掉。這(zhe)(zhe)個環節中切忌(ji)將型號(hao)、性能(neng)、容量等(deng)不同的(de)電(dian)(dian)池進(jin)行連接,以防影(ying)響到(dao)電(dian)(dian)池組的(de)功能(neng)。發生(sheng)故障(zhang)時,需(xu)要先將原因弄清楚,這(zhe)(zhe)樣才能(neng)有的(de)放矢的(de)、盡(jin)快的(de)將其排除。

四、結束語

綜上所述,隨(sui)著廣(guang)電(dian)事業的(de)日益(yi)發展,UPS電(dian)源將逐漸普(pu)及,其(qi)在各個系統中具有非常重(zhong)要的(de)功能,為(wei)充分發揮其(qi)功能,今后(hou)應重(zhong)視對UPS電(dian)源的(de)維(wei)護,切實加(jia)強(qiang)日常的(de)管理(li)和維(wei)護。

參 考 文 獻

篇6

【關鍵詞】 數(shu)據中心(xin);不間(jian)斷電源系統(tong);N+1;2N;可靠性

0 前言

大型的(de)不間(jian)斷(duan)電(dian)源系統在(zai)數據(ju)中心中有著廣泛(fan)的(de)運用,以確保重要的(de)服務器和IT設備的(de)不間(jian)斷(duan)供電(dian)。

不同的(de)不間(jian)斷電源系(xi)統配(pei)置(zhi)將(jiang)直接影(ying)響(xiang)到所支持的(de)IT設備或(huo)其它重要負(fu)荷的(de)運行穩定(ding)性(xing)。同時也(ye)將(jiang)決定(ding)設備本(ben)身(shen)故障和人為操作(zuo)失(shi)誤等(deng)對整個系(xi)統的(de)影(ying)響(xiang)程(cheng)度(du)(du)。一個可靠的(de)不間(jian)斷電源系(xi)統配(pei)置(zhi),將(jiang)在很大程(cheng)度(du)(du)上減少前述因素對系(xi)統可用(yong)性(xing)的(de)影(ying)響(xiang)。

1. 國內外設(she)計(ji)標準(zhun)對不間斷(duan)電源系(xi)統配(pei)置的要求

國內(nei)外主(zhu)要(yao)的計(ji)算機機房及數據中心(xin)設(she)計(ji)標準中,均對(dui)(dui)不(bu)(bu)間(jian)斷(duan)(duan)電源系統(tong)的配(pei)置(zhi)(zhi)提出了(le)要(yao)求(qiu)。下文選(xuan)取正常(chang)運行時(shi)間(jian)學(xue)會(Uptime Institute)標準;美國通信(xin)工(gong)業協會(TIA)標準TIA-942-A;以及國標GB50174-2008《電子(zi)信(xin)息(xi)系統(tong)機房設(she)計(ji)規(gui)范》中對(dui)(dui)不(bu)(bu)間(jian)斷(duan)(duan)電源系統(tong)的配(pei)置(zhi)(zhi)要(yao)求(qiu)相(xiang)關條文為例,說明不(bu)(bu)同重要(yao)性等級的機房對(dui)(dui)不(bu)(bu)間(jian)斷(duan)(duan)電源系統(tong)配(pei)置(zhi)(zhi)的不(bu)(bu)同要(yao)求(qiu)。

1.1 正常運行時間(jian)學(xue)會(hui)標準(zhun)

正常(chang)運行(xing)時間學會(Uptime Institute)標準提(ti)出了第一級(TIER I)至第四(si)級(TIER IV)四(si)個不(bu)同(tong)的數(shu)據中(zhong)(zhong)心(xin)基礎設(she)施等級分類,用來描述整個數(shu)據中(zhong)(zhong)心(xin)基礎設(she)施架構的可靠性和可維護性。其中(zhong)(zhong)第一級(TIER I)為最(zui)低等級,第四(si)級(TIER IV)為最(zui)高等級。

第(di)一等級(TIER I):基本的基礎設施(shi)架構;

第二等級(TIER II):有冗余的容量元件;

第三等級(TIER III):可并行維護的系統;

第(di)四等(deng)級(ji)(TIER IV):可容(rong)錯(cuo)的系統(tong)。

1.2 美國(guo)通信工業(ye)協會標準

美國通信工業協會(TIA)標準TIA-942-A同(tong)樣針(zhen)對(dui)不同(tong)的可用(yong)性(xing)和安全性(xing)等級,對(dui)數據中(zhong)心(xin)的基礎設施提出了(le)四個(ge)不同(tong)的等級。

對(dui)于(yu)不(bu)間斷電源系統(tong)拓(tuo)撲而言。第(di)一等(deng)級和第(di)二等(deng)級的(de)(de)(de)不(bu)間斷電源系統(tong)均(jun)只需滿足N的(de)(de)(de)要(yao)求,第(di)三等(deng)級的(de)(de)(de)不(bu)間斷電源系統(tong)需為N+1冗(rong)余配置(zhi),第(di)四等(deng)級的(de)(de)(de)數據中心(xin)需為2N冗(rong)余配置(zhi)。

2. 幾種(zhong)常用的不間斷(duan)電(dian)源系(xi)統配置

下(xia)文將介紹一些典型的不間斷(duan)電(dian)源系統配置。

2.1關(guan)于N的理解

在(zai)不間斷電(dian)源設計中,通常使用”N“來(lai)描述滿足(zu)所有(you)負(fu)荷的基本供電(dian)容量。例如共有(you)100kW的重要負(fu)荷需要由不間斷電(dian)源系統保護(hu),則”N”即為100kW。

2.2 N系(xi)統配置(zhi)

一個N配(pei)置的不(bu)間斷電源系統,其容量僅滿足為其所保護的重要負(fu)荷(he)供(gong)電,而(er)不(bu)提(ti)供(gong)任何(he)冗余。

典型的N配置(zhi)不間斷電(dian)源系統如(ru)圖一。該系統配置(zhi)僅滿(man)足正(zheng)常運行時間學會和(he)美(mei)國通信工業協會標(biao)準中(zhong)(zhong)定義(yi)的第一級數據中(zhong)(zhong)心,以及國標(biao)GB50174-2008中(zhong)(zhong)定義(yi)的C級機房(fang)的標(biao)準。

2.3 N+1系統配置(zhi)

N+1系統配(pei)置配(pei)置的(de)(de)不(bu)間(jian)斷(duan)電源(yuan),指在N配(pei)置系統的(de)(de)基礎上,增(zeng)加一(yi)個冗余的(de)(de)不(bu)間(jian)斷(duan)電源(yuan)模(mo)塊(kuai)。該冗余的(de)(de)電源(yuan)模(mo)塊(kuai)容(rong)量(liang),應(ying)至(zhi)少等于一(yi)個主用不(bu)間(jian)斷(duan)電源(yuan)模(mo)塊(kuai)的(de)(de)容(rong)量(liang)。

常用的N+1系統配(pei)置(zhi)設計有如下幾(ji)種

(1) 串聯冗余

串聯(lian)冗余(Isolated Redundant),通常包括一臺(tai)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)用(yong)(yong)的不(bu)(bu)間(jian)斷電(dian)源(yuan)設(she)備(bei),用(yong)(yong)以向負載供電(dian);一臺(tai)備(bei)用(yong)(yong)的不(bu)(bu)間(jian)斷電(dian)源(yuan)設(she)備(bei),串接于主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)用(yong)(yong)不(bu)(bu)間(jian)斷電(dian)源(yuan)的內(nei)部靜(jing)態維修(xiu)旁路(lu)上。該設(she)計要(yao)求主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)用(yong)(yong)不(bu)(bu)間(jian)斷電(dian)源(yuan)的主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)回路(lu)和(he)(he)內(nei)部靜(jing)態維修(xiu)旁路(lu)分接于兩個不(bu)(bu)同(tong)的輸(shu)入回路(lu)。但主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)用(yong)(yong)和(he)(he)備(bei)用(yong)(yong)不(bu)(bu)間(jian)斷電(dian)源(yuan)設(she)備(bei)的容(rong)量(liang)和(he)(he)品牌型(xing)號均可不(bu)(bu)同(tong)。

通常情況下(xia),所(suo)有負載(zai)由主(zhu)(zhu)用(yong)不間(jian)斷(duan)電(dian)(dian)源(yuan)供(gong)電(dian)(dian),而備(bei)用(yong)不間(jian)斷(duan)電(dian)(dian)源(yuan)為空(kong)載(zai)。當(dang)出(chu)現意外使主(zhu)(zhu)用(yong)不間(jian)斷(duan)電(dian)(dian)源(yuan)切換(huan)至內部靜態旁(pang)路時(如主(zhu)(zhu)用(yong)不間(jian)斷(duan)電(dian)(dian)源(yuan)發生故障或產生較大的(de)過(guo)載(zai)),備(bei)用(yong)不間(jian)斷(duan)電(dian)(dian)源(yuan)將瞬時負擔起(qi)所(suo)有的(de)負載(zai)。因此,備(bei)用(yong)不間(jian)斷(duan)電(dian)(dian)源(yuan)必(bi)須謹慎選擇,確(que)保其瞬時加載(zai)能力能滿足上述(shu)使用(yong)要求。

串聯冗余的系統設計(ji),現(xian)較多運用于對(dui)N配置的不間斷電(dian)源系統進行改造,使其在一定程(cheng)度上(shang)實現(xian)冗余,又不需要替換原有(you)的設備(bei)。

該(gai)系(xi)統設計在(zai)(zai)輸(shu)出端仍存在(zai)(zai)“單(dan)點(dian)故障”,為(wei)此在(zai)(zai)設計中仍需提供外部(bu)維修旁路。

典型(xing)的(de)(de)(de)串聯(lian)冗余不間(jian)斷電源系(xi)統如(ru)圖二。該系(xi)統配(pei)置(zhi)滿足(zu)美(mei)國通(tong)信工業協會標(biao)(biao)準中定義的(de)(de)(de)第(di)三級(ji)數(shu)據中心(xin),以及(ji)國標(biao)(biao)GB50174-2008中定義的(de)(de)(de)B級(ji)機房的(de)(de)(de)標(biao)(biao)準。同時,該系(xi)統配(pei)置(zhi)也可(ke)以滿足(zu)正(zheng)常(chang)運(yun)行時間(jian)學(xue)會標(biao)(biao)準中定義的(de)(de)(de)第(di)二級(ji)數(shu)據中心(xin)的(de)(de)(de)標(biao)(biao)準。

(2) 并聯冗余

并(bing)(bing)聯(lian)冗余(yu)(yu),通常由多臺并(bing)(bing)聯(lian)的(de)(de)不間(jian)斷(duan)電(dian)(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)設備和一(yi)個(ge)共(gong)用(yong)的(de)(de)輸出(chu)母線組成。冗余(yu)(yu)的(de)(de)容量(liang)至少等于一(yi)臺主(zhu)用(yong)不間(jian)斷(duan)電(dian)(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)的(de)(de)容量(liang)。并(bing)(bing)聯(lian)冗余(yu)(yu)的(de)(de)系統要(yao)求所有(you)的(de)(de)不間(jian)斷(duan)電(dian)(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)設備均來自同一(yi)的(de)(de)生產廠家,且型號(hao)和容量(liang)必(bi)須相同。

通常情況下,系(xi)統內所(suo)有(you)的不(bu)(bu)間斷(duan)電源設(she)備均分負(fu)載。當(dang)其中(zhong)一臺(tai)設(she)備出現故障(zhang)而退(tui)出運行(xing)時,其余的不(bu)(bu)間斷(duan)電源設(she)備將立即擔負(fu)由原有(you)故障(zhang)設(she)備供電的負(fu)荷。該系(xi)統設(she)計可確(que)保對系(xi)統中(zhong)的一臺(tai)設(she)備進行(xing)維護(hu)的同(tong)時,對負(fu)載不(bu)(bu)造成任何影響(xiang)。

針對并聯冗余設(she)計不間(jian)(jian)斷電(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)使(shi)用率(lv)底的問題,目前主(zhu)流的不間(jian)(jian)斷電(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)廠(chang)家(jia)均(jun)已推出模(mo)塊(kuai)化不間(jian)(jian)斷電(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)產(chan)品,如艾默生的Trinergy系(xi)列和伊頓的9395系(xi)列。一(yi)臺不間(jian)(jian)斷電(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)由(you)多個(ge)小功率(lv)的不間(jian)(jian)斷電(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)模(mo)塊(kuai)構成,當系(xi)統負(fu)荷率(lv)較低時,可以使(shi)部分(fen)模(mo)塊(kuai)休眠,而提高在用模(mo)塊(kuai)的負(fu)載率(lv),從而實現提高系(xi)統效(xiao)率(lv)的目的。

典型的(de)并聯(lian)冗余(yu)不間(jian)斷(duan)電源系統如圖三(san)。該(gai)系統配置滿足(zu)(zu)美國通信工業協會標(biao)(biao)準(zhun)中(zhong)定(ding)義(yi)的(de)第三(san)級數據(ju)中(zhong)心,以(yi)及(ji)國標(biao)(biao)GB50174-2008中(zhong)定(ding)義(yi)的(de)B級機房的(de)標(biao)(biao)準(zhun)。同時(shi),該(gai)系統配置也可以(yi)滿足(zu)(zu)正常運行時(shi)間(jian)學會標(biao)(biao)準(zhun)中(zhong)定(ding)義(yi)的(de)第二級數據(ju)中(zhong)心的(de)標(biao)(biao)準(zhun)。

(3) 分布式冗余

分布式(shi)冗余(yu)(Distributed Redundant)是(shi)目前業內較多運用的(de)一種不(bu)間斷電源系(xi)統設計。該設計的(de)目的(de)在于(yu)提高系(xi)統冗余(yu)程度和(he)可靠性(xing)的(de)同時(shi),所需的(de)不(bu)間斷電源設備投資(zi)少(shao)于(yu)2N系(xi)統。

分布式(shi)冗余(yu)系統(tong)通(tong)常由三個或以上的(de)不間斷電(dian)(dian)源模塊構(gou)成(cheng)。每個不間斷電(dian)(dian)源模塊有獨(du)立的(de)輸(shu)(shu)入(ru)和輸(shu)(shu)出。輸(shu)(shu)出母(mu)線通(tong)過靜態切(qie)換(huan)開(kai)關(guan)(Static Transfer Switch, STS)和配電(dian)(dian)柜向負載供(gong)電(dian)(dian)。

4 結束語

不(bu)同(tong)(tong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)不(bu)間斷電源(yuan)系統設(she)(she)計通常意(yi)(yi)味著不(bu)同(tong)(tong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)電源(yuan)系統可靠性等(deng)級,也意(yi)(yi)味著不(bu)同(tong)(tong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)設(she)(she)備(bei)投資。設(she)(she)計人員(yuan)應根據數據中心的(de)(de)(de)(de)重要(yao)性等(deng)級,服(fu)務(wu)器設(she)(she)備(bei)的(de)(de)(de)(de)情況(kuang)(是否存在電源(yuan)供電的(de)(de)(de)(de)設(she)(she)備(bei)),工程預(yu)算(suan)等(deng)因素,綜合考(kao)慮,選擇最合適的(de)(de)(de)(de)系統配置。

參考文獻

[1] Kevin McCarthy. Comparing UPS System Design Configurations. 2005

[2] GB 50174-2008 電(dian)子信息(xi)系統機房設(she)計規范 [S]

[3] TIA-942-A Telecommunications Infrastructure Standard for Data Centers [S]

篇7

【關鍵詞】UPS應用;煤(mei)礦安全;通訊設備;PFC校(xiao)正

引言

2003年8月14日(ri)下午美國東(dong)北(bei)部、中(zhong)西(xi)部和(he)加(jia)(jia)拿大南部發生(sheng)大面(mian)積停(ting)電,這次持續29個(ge)小(xiao)時(shi)的(de)大面(mian)積停(ting)電,不(bu)(bu)僅給5000萬美國人和(he)加(jia)(jia)拿大人的(de)生(sheng)活帶(dai)來極大不(bu)(bu)便(bian),而(er)且(qie)造成300億美元以(yi)上的(de)直接和(he)間接經(jing)濟(ji)損失。煤(mei)礦(kuang)企(qi)業(ye)不(bu)(bu)可(ke)能(neng)左右整(zheng)個(ge)電網的(de)可(ke)靠性(xing),但可(ke)以(yi)積極地做好自身小(xiao)環境的(de)電力(li)保護,因此,用戶(hu)自我(wo)保護是當前(qian)解決企(qi)業(ye)電力(li)問(wen)題(ti)的(de)現實之舉,而(er)UPS(UninterruptiblePowerSystem,不(bu)(bu)間斷供(gong)電系統)能(neng)夠(gou)有效地解決停(ting)電事故和(he)電力(li)質量不(bu)(bu)穩定的(de)問(wen)題(ti)。將UPS引入煤(mei)礦(kuang)通訊設(she)備(bei)備(bei)用電源(yuan)中(zhong),能(neng)夠(gou)保證煤(mei)礦(kuang)中(zhong)供(gong)電的(de)安全性(xing)與可(ke)靠性(xing),從而(er)創造巨大的(de)經(jing)濟(ji)效益和(he)社會效益。

1UPS的組成(cheng)與工作原理

UPS是一種含有(you)儲(chu)能(neng)裝置,以逆(ni)變(bian)器(qi)(qi)為(wei)(wei)主要組(zu)(zu)成部分的(de)(de)恒(heng)壓恒(heng)頻的(de)(de)不(bu)(bu)間斷電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)。不(bu)(bu)間斷電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)通常由整流(liu)(liu)器(qi)(qi)、蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池組(zu)(zu)、逆(ni)變(bian)器(qi)(qi)和(he)開(kai)關等構成。UPS不(bu)(bu)但可為(wei)(wei)重要的(de)(de)負(fu)載提供不(bu)(bu)間斷的(de)(de)交流(liu)(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)(yuan),而(er)且還能(neng)隔離電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網的(de)(de)各(ge)種干擾(rao)。當電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網正(zheng)常工(gong)作時(shi),UPS對電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓進行變(bian)換和(he)調節,輸出穩定(ding)、高質量的(de)(de)交流(liu)(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian),為(wei)(wei)負(fu)載供電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian),或處于備用狀(zhuang)態;當電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網出現故(gu)障時(shi),UPS利用內部蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池的(de)(de)儲(chu)能(neng)為(wei)(wei)負(fu)載供電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian);當電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網長期停電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)時(shi),UPS將(jiang)備用發(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機輸出的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)育旨注行變(bian)換和(he)調節,繼續為(wei)(wei)負(fu)載供電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)。

經過輸入濾波器,將(jiang)電網(wang)中的(de)高頻(pin)電磁干(gan)擾、射頻(pin)干(gan)擾、尖峰脈沖(chong)等干(gan)擾進行吸收、抑制處理,分成四路分別進入以下處理:

(1)送到(dao)具(ju)有“功率因數校正功能”的整流(liu)器輸入(ru)端進行(xing)整流(liu)處理。

(2)進(jin)入UPS同步鎖(suo)相電(dian)(dian)路,提取同步信號以便逆變(bian)器在電(dian)(dian)網停電(dian)(dian)時將(jiang)蓄電(dian)(dian)池組產生的直流電(dian)(dian)進(jin)行瞬時同步逆變(bian),保證負(fu)載側(ce)供電(dian)(dian)的同步連續性。

(3)經(jing)充電(dian)器對UPS所配(pei)置的(de)蓄(xu)電(dian)池組進行(xing)“浮(fu)充”式充電(dian),其浮(fu)充電(dian)壓(ya)應(ying)為電(dian)池組標稱端電(dian)壓(ya)的(de)1.125倍(bei)。

(4)直(zhi)接經交流旁(pang)路(lu)供(gong)電通道饋送到切換開關的常(chang)閉觸點上。在(zai)當逆(ni)變器(qi)或(huo)微處理器(qi)發生故(gu)障時由電網直(zhi)接向(xiang)負載(zai)供(gong)電,避免(mian)負載(zai)供(gong)電中斷。

整(zheng)流(liu)器(qi)將(jiang)輸(shu)(shu)入(ru)的(de)帶有干擾的(de)電(dian)網(wang)(wang)整(zheng)流(liu)為幅(fu)值穩定(ding)的(de)直流(liu)電(dian)源送到逆(ni)變(bian)器(qi)的(de)直流(liu)總線輸(shu)(shu)入(ru)端(duan)。當電(dian)網(wang)(wang)正常時(shi),整(zheng)流(liu)器(qi)輸(shu)(shu)出電(dian)壓(ya)高(gao)于直流(liu)變(bian)換器(qi)輸(shu)(shu)出的(de)直流(liu)電(dian)壓(ya),在微處理(li)器(qi)的(de)控(kong)制下,蓄電(dian)池不向逆(ni)變(bian)器(qi)提供逆(ni)變(bian)電(dian)源。當電(dian)網(wang)(wang)中斷或電(dian)網(wang)(wang)過(guo)高(gao)過(guo)低時(shi),在微處理(li)器(qi)的(de)控(kong)制下,直流(liu)變(bian)換器(qi)將(jiang)蓄電(dian)池的(de)直流(liu)電(dian)壓(ya)提升到符合(he)逆(ni)變(bian)器(qi)輸(shu)(shu)入(ru)所要(yao)求的(de)電(dian)壓(ya)水平,經逆(ni)變(bian)器(qi)向負載輸(shu)(shu)出電(dian)源。

2煤礦通訊設備供電(dian)方式研究(jiu)

早期的煤礦(kuang)通(tong)信(xin)設(she)備通(tong)常(chang)使用在線式(shi)(shi)雙(shuang)變換(huan)式(shi)(shi)UPS。所謂在線式(shi)(shi),是指不管(guan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓是否正常(chang),負(fu)載(zai)所用的交(jiao)流(liu)(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓都要經(jing)過逆(ni)(ni)變電(dian)(dian)(dian)路供電(dian)(dian)(dian),即逆(ni)(ni)變電(dian)(dian)(dian)路始終處(chu)于工(gong)作狀態。所謂雙(shuang)變換(huan)是指UPS正常(chang)工(gong)作時(shi),電(dian)(dian)(dian)能經(jing)過了整流(liu)(liu)AC/DC(交(jiao)流(liu)(liu)變換(huan)為(wei)直(zhi)(zhi)流(liu)(liu))、逆(ni)(ni)變DC/AC(直(zhi)(zhi)流(liu)(liu)變換(huan)為(wei)交(jiao)流(liu)(liu))2次變換(huan)供給負(fu)載(zai)。隨著對煤礦(kuang)通(tong)信(xin)設(she)備電(dian)(dian)(dian)源效率(lv)及功率(lv)因數的限制,傳統(tong)的在線式(shi)(shi)雙(shuang)變換(huan)式(shi)(shi)UPS已逐漸被淘(tao)汰。

4結束語

帶PFC校(xiao)正UPS技(ji)術(shu)將(jiang)會對井(jing)下通訊(xun)設(she)備供電(dian)系統的(de)可(ke)靠性(xing)(xing)和故障(zhang)處理的(de)準確性(xing)(xing)、快速性(xing)(xing)有著明顯的(de)提升。帶PFC校(xiao)正和快速動態反應(ying)的(de)UPS具(ju)有體積小(xiao)、動態響應(ying)快、能(neng)夠實現交流輸出電(dian)壓高(gao)于直(zhi)流輸入電(dian)壓(中間(jian)省掉了(le)一(yi)個DC/DC變換器)等性(xing)(xing)能(neng),在采用滑(hua)模控(kong)制技(ji)術(shu)及(ji)保護措施之后,技(ji)術(shu)性(xing)(xing)能(neng)指標及(ji)可(ke)靠性(xing)(xing)將(jiang)明顯提高(gao),它是(shi)煤(mei)礦(kuang)通信設(she)備不間(jian)斷電(dian)源的(de)較理想選(xuan)擇。在煤(mei)礦(kuang)井(jing)下具(ju)有廣泛的(de)推廣應(ying)用前景。

參考文獻:

[1]王其英.何(he)春華.UPS工(gong)作(zuo)原(yuan)理與實用技術[M].北京:人民郵(you)電(dian)出版社,2006.

[2]張延聰.UPS電源蓄電池的(de)正確(que)使用與(yu)維護(hu)[J].煤炭科技(ji),2006(3).

篇8

關(guan)鍵詞 UPS;維護;功(gong)能

中(zhong)圖(tu)分(fen)類(lei)號TN86 文獻標識碼(ma)A 文章編(bian)號 1674-6708(2011)49-0216-02

不(bu)少(shao)用戶對UPS的使用和維(wei)(wei)護(hu)(hu)(hu)并不(bu)重視,據相關材(cai)料統計,50%的UPS故障是(shi)(shi)因使用和維(wei)(wei)護(hu)(hu)(hu)不(bu)當造(zao)成的,而且主要(yao)是(shi)(shi)蓄電池(chi)維(wei)(wei)護(hu)(hu)(hu)不(bu)當方面(mian)影響。設備使用部門應根據實(shi)際情(qing)況制定(ding)UPS的維(wei)(wei)護(hu)(hu)(hu)方案(an),及時對UPS進(jin)行維(wei)(wei)護(hu)(hu)(hu),保(bao)障UPS運行正常,為(wei)(wei)設備提供穩定(ding)可(ke)靠的干(gan)凈(jing)電源。UPS的維(wei)(wei)護(hu)(hu)(hu)主要(yao)分為(wei)(wei)在線設備維(wei)(wei)護(hu)(hu)(hu)和蓄電池(chi)維(wei)(wei)護(hu)(hu)(hu)。

1 UPS在線設備(bei)維護(hu)

1.1 定義

在線設(she)備維(wei)(wei)(wei)護:通過系統(tong)(tong)自身(shen)的不同工作(zuo)方式(shi),包括(kuo)電池模式(shi)、旁路模式(shi)、維(wei)(wei)(wei)修旁路模式(shi),保(bao)證UPS能連續供(gong)電給(gei)負載,對UPS系統(tong)(tong)內的元件進(jin)行的設(she)備維(wei)(wei)(wei)護、清潔保(bao)養、板塊更換維(wei)(wei)(wei)修等工作(zuo)。

1.2 目的

確(que)保(bao)UPS能正常運行,為負載提供(gong)不間(jian)斷、穩定可靠和干凈的電(dian)源,減少(shao)和杜絕人由于設備維護不當(dang)而發生不安全事件。

1.3 原則

下列(lie)情況可進(jin)行(xing)停(ting)機維護(hu):

1)主(zhu)(zhu)從(cong)串聯(lian)(lian)熱(re)備份系(xi)統的主(zhu)(zhu)機正常模式情況(kuang)下,對(dui)從(cong)機的維(wei)護(hu)。并機系(xi)統中,待維(wei)護(hu)的UPS停機后,并聯(lian)(lian)系(xi)統中剩余的UPS足(zu)以承擔負載(zai);

2)在(zai)(zai)條件允(yun)許(xu)的情況下,盡(jin)可能進(jin)行停機(ji)維(wei)護;必須(xu)在(zai)(zai)線維(wei)護時(shi)需做好(hao)充(chong)分的準備(bei),本著“安全第(di)一”的原則(ze);

3)在線維護一旦發生問題導致負載斷電,須按重大故障(zhang)處(chu)理流程處(chu)理。

1.4 維護規范

1)維護(hu)前充(chong)分了解系統(tong)或設(she)備的情況,根據(ju)維護(hu)的難易程度和維護(hu)內容制定相應的維護(hu)操作步;

2)預防性維護(hu)前應做好(hao)充(chong)分的(de)備(bei)件準(zhun)備(bei),特(te)別(bie)需要(yao)注意到故障(zhang)可能波及損壞的(de)東西,做好(hao)充(chong)分的(de)工具和其(qi)它材料(liao)的(de)準(zhun)備(bei);

3)維護時(shi)(shi),需按事先確定的(de)步驟和流程進行(xing),并將關鍵的(de)步驟和重要的(de)數(shu)據記(ji)錄(lu)在事先準(zhun)備(bei)的(de)記(ji)錄(lu)表中;如果有必要進行(xing)臨時(shi)(shi)調(diao)整,應先與相關人員(yuan)進行(xing)充分的(de)討論,并做好記(ji)錄(lu);

4)在線(xian)維護(hu)后,需(xu)進行(xing)功(gong)能(neng)和性能(neng)的驗證(zheng),才能(neng)將維護(hu)后的設備(bei)投入(ru)。

1.5 維修規范

1)維修前應(ying)(ying)做好充分的(de)(de)(de)風(feng)(feng)險(xian)應(ying)(ying)對(dui)(dui)準備(bei),應(ying)(ying)仔細(xi)分析維修過程中可能(neng)產生的(de)(de)(de)風(feng)(feng)險(xian),并對(dui)(dui)風(feng)(feng)險(xian)采取相應(ying)(ying)的(de)(de)(de)防范和應(ying)(ying)對(dui)(dui)措施或準備(bei),特別是提醒用戶;

2)故(gu)(gu)障(zhang)維護前還需要充分了解與故(gu)(gu)障(zhang)相(xiang)關的信息(xi),預(yu)防性維修需要充分了解設備的現狀和歷史情況(kuang),仔(zi)細分析和定位故(gu)(gu)障(zhang);

3)維(wei)修前應做好充(chong)分的(de)備(bei)件準(zhun)(zhun)備(bei),特別需要注意到故障可能波(bo)及(ji)損壞的(de)東西(xi),做好充(chong)分的(de)工具和其它材料的(de)準(zhun)(zhun)備(bei);

4)維(wei)修后,需(xu)進行功能和(he)性能的驗(yan)證,才(cai)能將維(wei)護后的設(she)備(bei)投入。

2 蓄電池維護(hu)和管(guan)理

2.1 定義

蓄電(dian)(dian)池維護:指對蓄電(dian)(dian)池進行外觀清潔檢(jian)(jian)查、電(dian)(dian)壓檢(jian)(jian)查、內阻(zu)檢(jian)(jian)查、電(dian)(dian)導檢(jian)(jian)查充電(dian)(dian)檢(jian)(jian)查和放電(dian)(dian)檢(jian)(jian)查等方面的維護。

2.2 目的

確保蓄電(dian)池(chi)處理良好狀(zhuang)態,及時發現(xian)性能(neng)下降的(de)電(dian)池(chi),改善其使用狀(zhuang)況,從而(er)有效地延長蓄電(dian)池(chi)的(de)工(gong)作使用時間,提高UPS對系統供電(dian)穩定性和安全性,大大提高系統的(de)可(ke)靠程度(du)。

2.3 維護規范

1)日常維護:清潔電(dian)池(chi)(chi),檢(jian)查電(dian)池(chi)(chi)外(wai)觀是否完(wan)好,外(wai)殼是否有(you)(you)(you)變形和滲漏情況,測(ce)(ce)(ce)量電(dian)池(chi)(chi)兩端電(dian)壓(ya)、電(dian)池(chi)(chi)溫(wen)度;檢(jian)查連(lian)(lian)接處(chu)有(you)(you)(you)無松動(dong),連(lian)(lian)接觸點有(you)(you)(you)無“鹽(yan)化”現象,檢(jian)測(ce)(ce)(ce)連(lian)(lian)接條(tiao)壓(ya)降,用測(ce)(ce)(ce)溫(wen)儀檢(jian)查電(dian)池(chi)(chi)觸點有(you)(you)(you)沒發熱,檢(jian)查連(lian)(lian)接部分是否有(you)(you)(you)松動(dong),重新擰緊連(lian)(lian)接處(chu)的螺釘;

2)定期維護(hu):每月進行(xing)淺放電(dian)(dian)維護(hu),時(shi)(shi)間(jian)(jian)約(yue)為1小時(shi)(shi),主要求檢測各個(ge)單體電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)的(de)容量(liang),及時(shi)(shi)發(fa)現個(ge)別電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)容量(liang)下(xia)(xia)降(jiang)現象,容量(liang)下(xia)(xia)降(jiang)帶(dai)載(zai)放電(dian)(dian)時(shi)(shi)間(jian)(jian)不夠長,造(zao)成當UPS需要工作在電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)模式帶(dai)載(zai)時(shi)(shi),個(ge)別蓄電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)僅能維持UPS的(de)逆變器(qi)電(dian)(dian)源運行(xing)很(hen)短的(de)時(shi)(shi)間(jian)(jian),直(zhi)接影響整組(zu)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)的(de)效率,無(wu)法連續供電(dian)(dian)導致UPS無(wu)法工作,系(xi)統自動關(guan)機,造(zao)成負載(zai)斷電(dian)(dian),產生重大影響;

3)充放(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)維護:可(ke)分淺(qian)放(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)和深放(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian),通過(guo)放(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)和充電(dian)(dian)(dian)過(guo)程的(de)循環,使活性物質得(de)到恢復。過(guo)量放(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)影(ying)響電(dian)(dian)(dian)池的(de)使用(yong)壽命,應盡量避免電(dian)(dian)(dian)池過(guo)量深度放(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian),最高放(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)量不應超過(guo)70%。同時電(dian)(dian)(dian)池應避免大電(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)充放(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian),大電(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)充放(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)時可(ke)能造成(cheng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池極板膨(peng)脹變形,極板活性物質容(rong)易脫落(luo),溫(wen)度升高,內阻變大,嚴重時將造成(cheng)容(rong)量下降,壽命提前終止(zhi);

4)環(huan)境溫度對蓄(xu)電池容量(liang)(liang)有很大影響(xiang),應保證電池的工作(zuo)環(huan)境室內(nei)溫度在20℃~25℃之間,溫度低電池的容量(liang)(liang)會下(xia)降,溫度高電池的放電容量(liang)(liang)會增加,但壽命(ming)降低;

5)新舊電(dian)(dian)(dian)池組(zu)不能(neng)混用(yong),在(zai)設計備(bei)用(yong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)源蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)池容量時(shi)要考慮主設備(bei)的擴(kuo)容情況,否(fou)則在(zai)市電(dian)(dian)(dian)中斷時(shi)大電(dian)(dian)(dian)流放電(dian)(dian)(dian)或充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)將有(you)安(an)全(quan)隱(yin)患存在(zai);

6)浮(fu)充運(yun)(yun)行是蓄(xu)電池的(de)最(zui)佳運(yun)(yun)行條(tiao)件,運(yun)(yun)行時電池處于(yu)滿荷電狀(zhuang)態,在此條(tiao)件下電池才能達到 最(zui)長的(de)使用(yong)壽命。平(ping)時蓄(xu)電池應工作在浮(fu)充狀(zhuang)態;

7)對備用(yong)擱置的蓄(xu)電(dian)池(chi),可(ke)每間(jian)隔一(yi)個季度進行(xing)補充充電(dian);

8)判(pan)斷電(dian)池(chi)(chi)的好壞(huai)主要(yao)是通過可(ke)以通過測量電(dian)池(chi)(chi)的內阻、電(dian)導(dao)和電(dian)池(chi)(chi)開路電(dian)壓。

定期(qi)用內阻(zu)測試儀和(he)電(dian)導測試儀,檢查電(dian)池內阻(zu)和(he)電(dian)導情況,通過長期(qi)多次(ci)的測試結果(guo)對比,可判斷蓄(xu)電(dian)池的內阻(zu)和(he)電(dian)導情況,內阻(zu)變(bian)大(da),電(dian)池的容(rong)量下(xia)降(jiang);電(dian)導應該是(shi)一(yi)個相(xiang)對穩(wen)定的參數,每個品牌的電(dian)池出廠時(shi),都有對應的電(dian)導值,當(dang)測量出來的電(dian)導值與出廠值偏差較大(da)時(shi),電(dian)池的容(rong)量也(ye)會下(xia)降(jiang)。

2.4 UPS蓄電(dian)池更換管(guan)理(li)

在正常情況下免維護電(dian)(dian)池的工(gong)作使(shi)用年限約10年左(zuo)右。但由(you)于蓄電(dian)(dian)池的使(shi)用環境,維護工(gong)作方面的影響,電(dian)(dian)池的工(gong)作年限不到10年,可以按下列(lie)原則對電(dian)(dian)池進行更換管理(li)。

1)原則上(shang)不間斷電(dian)(dian)(dian)源電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)應在投入使用第七(qi)年啟(qi)動電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)更(geng)(geng)新(xin)計劃,在電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)使用第八年進行整組(zu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)更(geng)(geng)換,設(she)備管(guan)理(li)部門也可根據電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)的維護(hu)使用情況,適當(dang)延(yan)長電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)更(geng)(geng)換周期;

2)不(bu)間斷電源(yuan)為又機(ji)并聯及(ji)以上(shang)冗余配置,輸入市(shi)不(bu)穩,電池整體(ti)容(rong)量低(di)于(yu)標稱容(rong)量60%時(shi),考慮整體(ti)更換;

3)不間斷電(dian)(dian)源為雙機并聯以(yi)上冗(rong)余配置,輸入市電(dian)(dian)可靠,電(dian)(dian)池整體容量低于標稱容量50%時(shi),考慮(lv)整體更換;

4)不(bu)符(fu)合上述(shu)整體更換條件的(de)(de),個體蓄(xu)電池(chi)確(que)實(shi)需要(yao)更換的(de)(de),需同(tong)一品牌同(tong)一型號的(de)(de)新電池(chi)對劣化(hua)電池(chi)進行更換。

參考文獻

[1]周志(zhi)敏著.UPS應用與故(gu)障診斷[M].中國電力出(chu)版(ban)社,2008:305.

篇9

關(guan)鍵詞:地(di)鐵 信號系統 電源屏 UPS

中圖分(fen)類號:U23 文(wen)獻標識碼:A 文(wen)章編(bian)號:1672-3791(2013)01(b)-0130-01

地鐵信(xin)號(hao)系統(tong)是一個(ge)(ge)集(ji)行車(che)指揮和列車(che)運(yun)行控制為一體的重要機電(dian)系統(tong),為了(le)確保控制設備正常工作(zuo),系統(tong)的電(dian)源配置也應與整個(ge)(ge)系統(tong)相(xiang)適(shi)應。信(xin)號(hao)系統(tong)的電(dian)源設備包(bao)括信(xin)號(hao)電(dian)源屏、UPS(不(bu)間斷電(dian)源)和蓄電(dian)池等,本(ben)文就正線信(xin)號(hao)設備集(ji)中站電(dian)源系統(tong)進行分析。

1 電源屏

1.1 原理

二號線(xian)電(dian)源(yuan)屏(ping)采用鼎漢PZG系列信號智能電(dian)源(yuan)屏(ping),兩路三相四線(xian)制外部(bu)電(dian)源(yuan)經過防雷(lei)單(dan)元(yuan)(yuan)后進(jin)入(ru)輸(shu)入(ru)切換(huan)單(dan)元(yuan)(yuan),再經過一級防雷(lei)通過UPS,經UPS穩壓處理變(bian)成純(chun)凈(jing)的(de)交流電(dian)源(yuan)再送到(dao)電(dian)源(yuan)屏(ping)各交、直流模(mo)塊,模(mo)塊的(de)輸(shu)出進(jin)入(ru)交直流配電(dian)單(dan)元(yuan)(yuan),交流模(mo)塊通過隔(ge)離變(bian)壓器(qi)隔(ge)離后給信號設備(bei)供電(dian),直流模(mo)塊內部(bu)高(gao)頻隔(ge)離后輸(shu)出給信號設備(bei)。

2 UPS

2.1 UPS的工作原(yuan)理(li)

二號線采用(yong)(yong)的是艾(ai)默生UPS。聯鎖(suo)集中站兩路外部輸入(ru)采用(yong)(yong)三相四線制,電(dian)(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)經(jing)(jing)信號電(dian)(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)屏的自動切換裝置(zhi)后提供(gong)給UPS。電(dian)(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)屏與UPS監測單元(yuan)采用(yong)(yong)RS485/RS232串(chuan)行接(jie)口(kou)通(tong)過屏蔽通(tong)信電(dian)(dian)纜(lan)連接(jie),市電(dian)(dian)供(gong)電(dian)(dian)在220 V+15%(-20%)(即176~253 V)時,UPS認為(wei)電(dian)(dian)網電(dian)(dian)壓基(ji)本正常(chang),交流電(dian)(dian)通(tong)過工(gong)(gong)頻變(bian)壓器(qi)直接(jie)輸送給負(fu)載(zai);市電(dian)(dian)在176~253 V之間(jian)時,逆變(bian)器(qi)正常(chang)工(gong)(gong)作的同時還給電(dian)(dian)池充電(dian)(dian),一(yi)旦市電(dian)(dian)異常(chang),經(jing)(jing)電(dian)(dian)池逆變(bian)給負(fu)載(zai)供(gong)電(dian)(dian)。轉換時間(jian)小于0.15 s,不會(hui)影響設備的正常(chang)工(gong)(gong)作。

市電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)正常(chang)供(gong)(gong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)時(shi),交流(liu)輸入經AC/DC整(zheng)流(liu)器(qi)轉換成(cheng)直(zhi)流(liu),一方(fang)面(mian)給蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian);另(ling)一方(fang)面(mian)給逆變(bian)器(qi)供(gong)(gong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian),逆變(bian)器(qi)自始至終都(dou)處于(yu)工(gong)作狀(zhuang)態,將直(zhi)流(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓經DC/AC逆變(bian)器(qi)逆變(bian)成(cheng)交流(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓給用電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)設備(bei)供(gong)(gong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)。當市電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)中斷或不能(neng)(neng)滿足(zu)UPS的(de)(de)輸入要求(qiu)時(shi),UPS的(de)(de)輸入AC/DC整(zheng)流(liu)器(qi)將關閉(bi),蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)將以(yi)無(wu)切換時(shi)間(jian)的(de)(de)方(fang)式向逆變(bian)器(qi)供(gong)(gong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)。當市電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)重新恢復供(gong)(gong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)時(shi),蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)便停止向逆變(bian)器(qi)供(gong)(gong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian),此時(shi)機(ji)內充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)向蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)組補充消耗的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)能(neng)(neng),以(yi)備(bei)再次使用。

當市(shi)電(dian)存在(zai)且(qie)在(zai)UPS輸入允許范(fan)圍內(nei)時,由(you)于DC/AC逆變(bian)(bian)(bian)器(qi)發生故障或(huo)負(fu)(fu)載功(gong)(gong)率(lv)大(da)于逆變(bian)(bian)(bian)器(qi)輸出額定(ding)(ding)功(gong)(gong)率(lv)時,為保證負(fu)(fu)載仍(reng)能正(zheng)常(chang)工作,靜態(tai)開關切(qie)換到(dao)旁(pang)路供電(dian)狀態(tai)。當逆變(bian)(bian)(bian)器(qi)恢復正(zheng)常(chang)或(huo)負(fu)(fu)載功(gong)(gong)率(lv)降到(dao)逆變(bian)(bian)(bian)器(qi)輸出額定(ding)(ding)功(gong)(gong)率(lv)之內(nei)時,輸出靜態(tai)開關將自(zi)動由(you)旁(pang)路供電(dian)切(qie)換到(dao)逆變(bian)(bian)(bian)供電(dian)狀態(tai)。(如圖1所示)

2.2 UPS的四種(zhong)工作模式

2.2.1 市電逆變供電模式

當輸入市電(dian)(dian)和輸出(chu)負載(zai)在正常范圍內時(shi),負載(zai)所需(xu)的電(dian)(dian)源由市電(dian)(dian)通過整流(liu)器整流(liu)變成直流(liu)、再(zai)經(jing)逆(ni)變器變成交流(liu)輸出(chu)提供給負載(zai),同時(shi)內置充(chong)電(dian)(dian)器對(dui)電(dian)(dian)池模塊(kuai)進行充(chong)電(dian)(dian)。

2.2.2 旁(pang)路供(gong)電模

UPS運行中出現輸出過載(zai)(zai)(zai)、故障等情(qing)況時(shi),負(fu)載(zai)(zai)(zai)所需的電(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)由市電(dian)(dian)(dian)輸入(ru)直接經旁(pang)路(lu)提供;同時(shi)內(nei)置充電(dian)(dian)(dian)器對電(dian)(dian)(dian)池充電(dian)(dian)(dian)。若出現市電(dian)(dian)(dian)斷(duan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)或市電(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓超出范(fan)圍(120~253 Vac),UPS將(jiang)不能為負(fu)載(zai)(zai)(zai)提供電(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)。

2.2.3 電(dian)池逆變工作模式

當主路市電(dian)(dian)掉電(dian)(dian)或不正常時,系統自動(dong)無間斷地切換(huan)到(dao)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)工作(zuo)模(mo)式,由(you)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)逆變出(chu)用(yong)戶所(suo)需的三相(xiang)四線交(jiao)流電(dian)(dian)源向負載供電(dian)(dian)。市電(dian)(dian)恢(hui)復后系統自動(dong)無間斷地恢(hui)復到(dao)正常工作(zuo)模(mo)式。

2.2.4 ECO模(mo)式

在ECO模式下(xia),當旁(pang)路(lu)電壓在220 Vac±10%、頻(pin)率在50±2 Hz范圍內時,負載(zai)由旁(pang)路(lu)供(gong)電。

2.3 不停電檢修維(wei)護

需要對(dui)(dui)UPS電源(yuan)及(ji)電池(chi)等進(jin)行(xing)全面檢(jian)修或設備(bei)故障需維(wei)(wei)修時,可(ke)以(yi)通過閉(bi)合維(wei)(wei)護開關(guan)Q3BP,將負載轉向維(wei)(wei)修旁路(lu)直(zhi)接供電,以(yi)實(shi)現(xian)對(dui)(dui)UPS不停(ting)電維(wei)(wei)護。維(wei)(wei)修需要斷開UPS內部(bu)的主(zhu)路(lu)、旁路(lu)輸入(ru)電源(yuan)和(he)電池(chi)輸入(ru)開關(guan)以(yi)及(ji)輸出開關(guan),實(shi)現(xian)UPS內部(bu)不帶電而對(dui)(dui)負載仍然維(wei)(wei)持供電的維(wei)(wei)修工作模式。

3 結語

西安地(di)鐵二號線自開通(tong)以來,經過(guo)兩年的運(yun)營時間(jian)證明電(dian)(dian)源(yuan)系統配(pei)置(zhi)(zhi)非(fei)常穩定可靠,此配(pei)置(zhi)(zhi)未發生過(guo)一次電(dian)(dian)源(yuan)故障(zhang),為信號設備提(ti)供了可靠的不間(jian)斷電(dian)(dian)源(yuan),保障(zhang)了電(dian)(dian)氣(qi)設備的良好(hao)工作狀態。

參考文獻

[1] 西(xi)(xi)安地鐵2號線(xian)智(zhi)能電源屏采購合同(tong)[R].西(xi)(xi)安地下(xia)鐵道(dao)有限責(ze)任公(gong)司,2007.

篇10

關鍵(jian)詞:變頻器;DC-BANK系(xi)統;抗晃電

中圖分類號:TM92 文(wen)獻標識碼:A 文(wen)章編(bian)號:1672-3791(2017)01(a)-0000-00

變(bian)頻(pin)器(qi)以其高(gao)效率,高(gao)功率因數(shu),以及(ji)優異的(de)調速和啟(qi)制動(dong)性,在(zai)工業生產中的(de)應用(yong)越來越普(pu)及(ji)。因為各(ge)種(zhong)各(ge)樣的(de)因素,晃(huang)電(dian)現象時(shi)有(you)發(fa)生,而變(bian)頻(pin)器(qi)應對(dui)晃(huang)電(dian)能力(li)較差。當發(fa)生晃(huang)電(dian)時(shi),變(bian)頻(pin)器(qi)將啟(qi)動(dong)保護功能,停止運行,造(zao)成非計劃(hua)停車。通過對(dui)變(bian)頻(pin)器(qi)增加直(zhi)流支(zhi)撐系(xi)統(tong)DC-BANK進(jin)行改造(zao),增加其抗晃(huang)電(dian)能力(li),能很好的(de)抑制因電(dian)網晃(huang)電(dian)而導致系(xi)統(tong)非計劃(hua)停車帶(dai)來的(de)損失。

1 晃電現象(xiang)對變(bian)頻器的影響

晃電(dian)是指電(dian)網(wang)電(dian)壓暫時跌落(luo)或者消失,而在很(hen)短的時間內(一般為幾秒之內),電(dian)源電(dian)壓又恢復正常的現(xian)象。其產(chan)生的原因(yin)可分為內因(yin)及外因(yin):

(1)內因:系統本(ben)身接(jie)有大功率電(dian)動機、整流(liu)器、電(dian)弧爐之類單相(xiang)負荷等(deng)干(gan)擾(rao)性負荷,對電(dian)網產(chan)出(chu)負面(mian)影(ying)響,如無功沖擊(ji),諧波,負序(xu)等(deng)。這些影(ying)響可能會通過公共連接(jie)點涉及到其他(ta)終端用戶。

(2)外因(yin):外力破(po)壞、雷(lei)電(dian)(dian)、樹枝影響以及配電(dian)(dian)設(she)備故(gu)(gu)障、線路(lu)切(qie)換、電(dian)(dian)容器(qi)投切(qie)等均由可能干擾系統,造(zao)成(cheng)電(dian)(dian)壓波動(dong)甚至斷電(dian)(dian),嚴重(zhong)時會影響相鄰(lin)線路(lu),造(zao)成(cheng)有害影響的蔓延。對于(yu)10kV線路(lu),其特(te)點(dian)是(shi)面廣,用戶分(fen)布(bu)點(dian)多,易產生(sheng)過電(dian)(dian)流或短(duan)路(lu)故(gu)(gu)障,發生(sheng)故(gu)(gu)障后,在(zai)線路(lu)繼(ji)電(dian)(dian)保護作(zuo)用下,發生(sheng)故(gu)(gu)障的回路(lu)被切(qie)除(chu)。在(zai)故(gu)(gu)障發生(sheng)到故(gu)(gu)障切(qie)除(chu)期間(jian),其他回路(lu)電(dian)(dian)壓會暫(zan)降,導致晃電(dian)(dian)現象的發生(sheng)。

大(da)部分(fen)變(bian)頻(pin)器(qi)都(dou)具有失壓、過壓和瞬間斷電的(de)保(bao)(bao)護功(gong)能。在變(bian)頻(pin)器(qi)斷電或失壓后,一(yi)般的(de)變(bian)頻(pin)器(qi)仍會工作(zuo)一(yi)段時間,若斷電或失壓的(de)時間大(da)于此工作(zuo)時間,變(bian)頻(pin)器(qi)將(jiang)啟動(dong)保(bao)(bao)護功(gong)能,停(ting)止運行,造(zao)成非(fei)計劃停(ting)車。

2 DC-BANK系統(tong)

長期以來(lai),在(zai)連續(xu)性(xing)較(jiao)(jiao)強的(de)(de)工藝生(sheng)產中(zhong),當(dang)電網發生(sheng)晃電(甚至毫秒級(ji)的(de)(de)斷電)等供(gong)電故障時,均有可能使電機驅動(dong)的(de)(de)動(dong)力設(she)備受到較(jiao)(jiao)大的(de)(de)擾(rao)動(dong)甚至停機。造成(cheng)(cheng)連續(xu)性(xing)生(sheng)產中(zhong)斷,設(she)備損(sun)壞(huai),產生(sheng)大量的(de)(de)次品(pin)、廢品(pin),造成(cheng)(cheng)嚴重的(de)(de)經濟損(sun)失。

為解(jie)決電(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)機(ji)(ji)因(yin)電(dian)(dian)(dian)網晃(huang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)引發的(de)(de)工藝、設備(bei)問題(ti),就出現(xian)了用(yong)于(yu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)機(ji)(ji)負載(zai)的(de)(de)p輸(shu)出電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)和(he)輸(shu)出頻(pin)率(lv)可(ke)變(bian)的(de)(de)交(jiao)(jiao)流(liu)(liu)不(bu)間斷電(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)DC-BANK。DC-BANK即直(zhi)流(liu)(liu)不(bu)間斷電(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)(yuan),是(shi)在(zai)交(jiao)(jiao)流(liu)(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)網晃(huang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)或斷電(dian)(dian)(dian)時(shi)靜態開(kai)關開(kai)通及(ji)時(shi)為變(bian)頻(pin)器(qi)提供穩定、持續(xu)、不(bu)間斷的(de)(de)直(zhi)流(liu)(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)設備(bei),在(zai)交(jiao)(jiao)直(zhi)流(liu)(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)之(zhi)間達(da)到(dao)無擾動(dong)切(qie)換,保證了變(bian)頻(pin)器(qi)繼(ji)續(xu)運行并驅動(dong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)機(ji)(ji)。DC-BANK是(shi)低(di)壓(ya)電(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)群專用(yong)不(bu)間斷電(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)系統,特別適用(yong)于(yu)多負載(zai)連(lian)續(xu)生產的(de)(de)化(hua)纖鋼鐵,石油化(hua)工,玻璃等(deng)行業。DC-BANK可(ke)有效(xiao)的(de)(de)解(jie)決電(dian)(dian)(dian)網晃(huang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)對變(bian)頻(pin)器(qi)帶(dai)來的(de)(de)影響,同(tong)(tong)時(shi)還具備(bei)可(ke)靠(kao)性高(gao),利(li)用(yong)效(xiao)率(lv)高(gao)等(deng)優點(dian)。DC-BANK相(xiang)對于(yu)同(tong)(tong)樣應用(yong)廣泛的(de)(de)UPS,具備(bei)以下優點(dian):

(1)UPS因系統復雜,可靠(kao)性差,沒有(you)標(biao)準化等問(wen)題(ti),導致維護難度較大;DC-BANK與變頻器通常采(cai)(cai)用(yong)的是并聯連(lian)接形式,系統采(cai)(cai)用(yong)框(kuang)架式結構,可靠(kao)性高,維護起來(lai)相對方(fang)便(bian)。

(2)UPS可(ke)靠性(xing)不高(gao),需要設(she)計復雜(za)的(de)(de)(de)配(pei)置方式提高(gao)其(qi)可(ke)靠性(xing);得益于 DC-BANK與(yu)變頻(pin)器的(de)(de)(de)并聯(lian)連接形式,使得每個負(fu)載的(de)(de)(de)電(dian)源保護都相(xiang)對獨立(li),通過(guo)DC-BANK對直(zhi)流母(mu)線供電(dian),就使得變頻(pin)器在(zai)原(yuan)有的(de)(de)(de)基礎上增(zeng)加了一路(lu)直(zhi)流備用供電(dian),因(yin)而具有更高(gao)的(de)(de)(de)可(ke)靠性(xing)。

(3)UPS在帶電機類感(gan)性負載(zai)時,需要5~7倍電機額定(ding)容量(liang),且(qie)治(zhi)理諧波(bo)電流需要增加有源(yuan)(yuan)或無源(yuan)(yuan)濾波(bo)器;DC-BANK則需要相(xiang)對較小的電機額定(ding)容量(liang)(通常為1.1倍)。

(4)DC-BANK系(xi)統較UPS具備更高的(de)外殼防護等(deng)級,能適應更加惡劣(lie)的(de)工業現場環境(jing)。

3 DC-BANK系統工作原理

DC-BANK系(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)主(zhu)要由(you)充電(dian)(dian)(dian)器、儲能單(dan)(dan)(dan)元(yuan)、檢(jian)測(ce)單(dan)(dan)(dan)元(yuan)和執行單(dan)(dan)(dan)元(yuan)等組(zu)成。DC-BANK系(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)工作原理簡(jian)圖1和圖2所示。DC-BANK系(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)基于變(bian)(bian)頻(pin)(pin)器的(de)系(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)組(zu)織架構。主(zhu)回路供(gong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)在市電(dian)(dian)(dian)正常(chang)情況下,經(jing)交流(liu)配電(dian)(dian)(dian)系(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)、變(bian)(bian)頻(pin)(pin)器、電(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)機受電(dian)(dian)(dian)端(duan),使得電(dian)(dian)(dian)機帶動(dong)各(ge)種電(dian)(dian)(dian)氣設備運(yun)行。此時(shi)DC-BANK系(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)僅作為變(bian)(bian)頻(pin)(pin)器的(de)在線備用電(dian)(dian)(dian)源。當電(dian)(dian)(dian)網出現波動(dong)時(shi),系(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)在檢(jian)測(ce)單(dan)(dan)(dan)元(yuan)和執行單(dan)(dan)(dan)元(yuan)協(xie)同(tong)作用下,DC-BANK自動(dong)切(qie)入(ru)變(bian)(bian)頻(pin)(pin)器的(de)直(zhi)流(liu)母線,保證(zheng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)機在直(zhi)流(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)源的(de)支撐下不間斷(duan)運(yun)行。當市電(dian)(dian)(dian)恢復(fu)正常(chang)供(gong)電(dian)(dian)(dian),系(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)在檢(jian)測(ce)單(dan)(dan)(dan)元(yuan)和執行單(dan)(dan)(dan)元(yuan)協(xie)同(tong)作用下,迅速切(qie)斷(duan)DC-BANK,變(bian)(bian)頻(pin)(pin)器此后恢復(fu)為市電(dian)(dian)(dian)供(gong)電(dian)(dian)(dian),蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池轉為自動(dong)維護狀態(tai)。

4 對(dui)丹佛斯(si)FC302系(xi)列變(bian)頻器(qi)抗(kang)晃(huang)電(dian)應用探討

丹佛(fo)斯FC302系(xi)列(lie)變頻器(qi)(qi)(qi)雖(sui)然(ran)具備(bei)(bei)(bei)能(neng)(neng)量儲備(bei)(bei)(bei)功能(neng)(neng),在(zai)(zai)發生(sheng)掉電(dian)時(shi)可以使用(yong)動(dong)(dong)能(neng)(neng)產生(sheng)的(de)(de)(de)功率控(kong)制(zhi)減速(su),但在(zai)(zai)電(dian)網(wang)長(chang)時(shi)間(jian)掉電(dian)情況下,仍需要DC-BANK直流支蝸低忱(chen)次持(chi)(chi)變頻器(qi)(qi)(qi)的(de)(de)(de)供(gong)電(dian),從(cong)而(er)保證液體泵的(de)(de)(de)持(chi)(chi)續運行。如(ru)下圖所示,主回路供(gong)電(dian)在(zai)(zai)市電(dian)正常(chang)情況下,DC-BANK系(xi)統僅作為變頻器(qi)(qi)(qi)的(de)(de)(de)在(zai)(zai)線(xian)備(bei)(bei)(bei)用(yong)電(dian)源(yuan),變頻器(qi)(qi)(qi)的(de)(de)(de)交(jiao)流輸(shu)入信(xin)號(hao)及變頻器(qi)(qi)(qi)的(de)(de)(de)運行和故障信(xin)號(hao)送到DC-BANK系(xi)統的(de)(de)(de)檢(jian)(jian)測單元進行實時(shi)檢(jian)(jian)測。丹佛(fo)斯FC302系(xi)列(lie)變頻器(qi)(qi)(qi)設有專門的(de)(de)(de)負載(zai)共(gong)享(xiang)端子,可接(jie)至DC-BANK系(xi)統的(de)(de)(de)執行單元。當電(dian)網(wang)發生(sheng)晃電(dian)現象時(shi),通過DC-BANK系(xi)統的(de)(de)(de)檢(jian)(jian)測單元檢(jian)(jian)測到的(de)(de)(de)掉電(dian)信(xin)號(hao),通過執行單元將DC-BANK系(xi)統自動(dong)(dong)切入變頻器(qi)(qi)(qi)的(de)(de)(de)直流母線(xian),從(cong)而(er)維持(chi)(chi)變頻器(qi)(qi)(qi)的(de)(de)(de)持(chi)(chi)續運行。

5 結語

DC-BANK系(xi)統(tong)目前已(yi)在石化、化纖和(he)煤(mei)化行業(ye)的(de)(de)(de)部分大(da)中型傳(chuan)動(dong)系(xi)統(tong)中成功應用(yong)。采(cai)用(yong)DC-BANK不(bu)間(jian)斷電源(yuan)系(xi)統(tong)是(shi)不(bu)間(jian)斷供電的(de)(de)(de)一(yi)種新的(de)(de)(de)解決方案。在開(kai)關類穩壓(ya)電源(yuan),變頻器電動(dong)機驅動(dong)系(xi)統(tong),電子鎮流器照明(ming)系(xi)統(tong)有很好(hao)的(de)(de)(de)技術(shu)經濟表(biao)現(xian)(xian)。在實際生(sheng)(sheng)產過程中,晃(huang)電現(xian)(xian)象是(shi)很難避免的(de)(de)(de),采(cai)用(yong)直流支撐方法為(wei)一(yi)次性(xing)投資,在晃(huang)電現(xian)(xian)象比較頻繁(fan)的(de)(de)(de)用(yong)電場合,可有效(xiao)彌(mi)補晃(huang)電給生(sheng)(sheng)產帶來的(de)(de)(de)損失,有效(xiao)穩定系(xi)統(tong)的(de)(de)(de)正常運(yun)行,系(xi)統(tong)長期(qi)運(yun)行會產生(sheng)(sheng)明(ming)顯的(de)(de)(de)經濟效(xiao)益。

參考文獻:

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