高產種植技術范文10篇
時間:2024-05-06 02:53:13
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黃芪優質高產種植技術分析
黃芪(qi)(qi)為(wei)(wei)豆科(ke)多年生(sheng)(sheng)草本(ben)藥(yao)用植物,主要以根部入(ru)藥(yao),具有補氣升陽、固表(biao)止汗、利水消腫、生(sheng)(sheng)津養血(xue)、斂瘡(chuang)生(sheng)(sheng)肌等功效,黃芪(qi)(qi)主要成分為(wei)(wei)黃芪(qi)(qi)皂苷、多糖(tang)、黃酮、氨基酸等,是一種常用大宗藥(yao)材。加之(zhi)黃芪(qi)(qi)為(wei)(wei)藥(yao)食同(tong)源(yuan)中藥(yao)材,隨著(zhu)人(ren)們對健康養生(sheng)(sheng)意識的增強(qiang),市場對黃芪(qi)(qi)的需(xu)求不斷(duan)增加。
1選地與整地
黃芪對(dui)土(tu)(tu)壤要求(qiu)不甚嚴(yan)格。平(ping)地(di)(di)選(xuan)擇地(di)(di)勢高、排水(shui)(shui)(shui)好、滲透力強、地(di)(di)下(xia)水(shui)(shui)(shui)位低(di)的砂壤土(tu)(tu)或沖積土(tu)(tu);山(shan)區和(he)半山(shan)區選(xuan)擇背風向(xiang)陽、土(tu)(tu)層深厚、質地(di)(di)疏松、肥(fei)沃、透水(shui)(shui)(shui)透氣良好的砂壤土(tu)(tu)、砂礫土(tu)(tu)為佳。前茬作(zuo)物(wu)以豆科、禾本科作(zuo)物(wu)為宜,忌(ji)連(lian)作(zuo)。在秋末或初春整地(di)(di),土(tu)(tu)壤深翻40cm左右,結合整地(di)(di)每畝施(shi)入腐熟農家肥(fei)2500~3000kg或生(sheng)物(wu)有機肥(fei)300~500kg,三元復(fu)合肥(fei)50~100kg作(zuo)底肥(fei),整平(ping)耙細。丘陵區根據地(di)(di)形做成(cheng)小高壟(long),壟(long)高25cm,壟(long)寬40~80cm,溝寬25cm。
2種子處理
選(xuan)用(yong)成熟、飽滿、無蟲(chong)蛀(zhu)、無霉變、有光澤的(de)(de)優良種子,將選(xuan)好的(de)(de)種子放入沸水(shui)中快速攪拌1min后立即加入冷水(shui),水(shui)溫調到40℃后浸泡2~4h,撈出后將種子攤在濕布等保濕物(wu)上,并蓋上濕布催芽,待種子膨(peng)脹露(lu)白后即可(ke)播(bo)種。
3播種
馬鈴薯高產種植技術推廣方法
[摘要(yao)]本文重(zhong)點介紹(shao)馬(ma)鈴(ling)薯(shu)高產種植技術(shu),簡要(yao)提出其推廣方法,以期為農(nong)戶提供技術(shu)支持,從而提升馬(ma)鈴(ling)薯(shu)的(de)產量和品質,滿(man)足市(shi)場對(dui)于馬(ma)鈴(ling)薯(shu)的(de)需求,穩定(ding)馬(ma)鈴(ling)薯(shu)的(de)市(shi)場價格,增加農(nong)民(min)的(de)收入。
[關(guan)鍵詞]馬鈴薯;種植技(ji)術;技(ji)術推廣
馬(ma)鈴(ling)薯(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)產量、營養價值均(jun)較高(gao)(gao),已成(cheng)為(wei)全(quan)球第四大糧食作物,因(yin)此,我國十分重視馬(ma)鈴(ling)薯(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)種(zhong)植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。我國很多地區(qu)的(de)土壤、氣候環境等都非(fei)常適合種(zhong)植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)馬(ma)鈴(ling)薯(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu),但(dan)馬(ma)鈴(ling)薯(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)種(zhong)植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)技(ji)(ji)術(shu)相對(dui)落后[1]。為(wei)了改變這種(zhong)狀況,需要技(ji)(ji)術(shu)人(ren)員對(dui)馬(ma)鈴(ling)薯(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)種(zhong)植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)提供(gong)全(quan)程的(de)技(ji)(ji)術(shu)指導,不斷提高(gao)(gao)馬(ma)鈴(ling)薯(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)栽培技(ji)(ji)術(shu)水平(ping)、產量及商品性(xing),這對(dui)于穩定馬(ma)鈴(ling)薯(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)市場、提高(gao)(gao)馬(ma)鈴(ling)薯(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)市場占(zhan)有率、推(tui)動(dong)地區(qu)發(fa)展均(jun)具有十分重要的(de)意義(yi)。
1馬鈴薯種植概況
內(nei)蒙古自治區(qu)錫林(lin)郭勒盟(meng)太仆寺旗(qi)部(bu)分(fen)農戶(hu)沒有(you)掌握馬(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)鈴(ling)(ling)(ling)薯(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)的種植(zhi)要(yao)領,使(shi)得部(bu)分(fen)土(tu)壤攜帶大量(liang)病(bing)菌,從而造成馬(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)鈴(ling)(ling)(ling)薯(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)減產(chan)(chan)(chan)嚴(yan)重;部(bu)分(fen)馬(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)鈴(ling)(ling)(ling)薯(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)品(pin)質存在退化現象,使(shi)得馬(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)鈴(ling)(ling)(ling)薯(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)的產(chan)(chan)(chan)量(liang)、品(pin)質嚴(yan)重下降。為了改(gai)變這(zhe)(zhe)些(xie)狀況(kuang),要(yao)對馬(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)鈴(ling)(ling)(ling)薯(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)的種植(zhi)過(guo)程進行嚴(yan)格管(guan)控,分(fen)析馬(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)鈴(ling)(ling)(ling)薯(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)產(chan)(chan)(chan)量(liang)低的原(yuan)因(yin),分(fen)析馬(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)鈴(ling)(ling)(ling)薯(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)種植(zhi)地塊的情(qing)況(kuang),確保(bao)馬(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)鈴(ling)(ling)(ling)薯(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)薯(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)種少(shao)毒、脫毒。通過(guo)分(fen)析發現,病(bing)毒侵入是影(ying)響馬(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)鈴(ling)(ling)(ling)薯(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)高產(chan)(chan)(chan)的關鍵因(yin)素之(zhi)一,因(yin)此(ci)選擇馬(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)鈴(ling)(ling)(ling)薯(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)薯(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)種時,要(yao)選擇優良、健(jian)康的馬(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)鈴(ling)(ling)(ling)薯(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)薯(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)種,這(zhe)(zhe)是提(ti)升(sheng)馬(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)鈴(ling)(ling)(ling)薯(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)產(chan)(chan)(chan)量(liang)的關鍵一步,可(ke)以(yi)有(you)效減緩馬(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)鈴(ling)(ling)(ling)薯(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)品(pin)質退化現象,使(shi)農民(min)(min)增收(shou)。同時,要(yao)不斷(duan)宣(xuan)傳和推廣(guang)先進的種植(zhi)技(ji)術,使(shi)農民(min)(min)意識(shi)到技(ji)術的重要(yao)性并掌握技(ji)術要(yao)領,從而實(shi)現馬(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)鈴(ling)(ling)(ling)薯(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)高產(chan)(chan)(chan)高效生產(chan)(chan)(chan)[2]。
2馬鈴薯(shu)高(gao)產種植技術
茶樹菇高產種植技術論文
摘要(yao):介紹了茶樹菇的高(gao)產栽培(pei)技術,以期指導菇農在茶樹菇栽培(pei)中解(jie)決污染率高(gao)、產量低、品質(zhi)差等問題。
關鍵詞:茶樹菇;高產;栽培技術
茶(cha)樹(shu)菇(gu)(Agrocybechaxinggu)又(you)叫茶(cha)薪(xin)菇(gu)、茶(cha)菇(gu)、楊(yang)樹(shu)菇(gu)、柳松菇(gu)、柱狀田頭菇(gu),其(qi)營(ying)養豐(feng)富(fu),香味(wei)濃郁,味(wei)道(dao)鮮美,是一(yi)種具有開發前景(jing)的珍稀食用菌(jun)。近(jin)年(nian)來,武(wu)夷山市茶(cha)樹(shu)菇(gu)栽培規模逐(zhu)漸壯大,形成(cheng)了茶(cha)樹(shu)菇(gu)產業。但由(you)于(yu)茶(cha)樹(shu)菇(gu)栽培歷史不長,在栽培中(zhong)仍存在污染(ran)率高、產量低、品質(zhi)差等問(wen)題。現將(jiang)其(qi)高產栽培技(ji)術總結如下。
一、栽培季節
茶樹(shu)菇(gu)通常在(zai)春(chun)、秋(qiu)季(ji)(ji)栽(zai)(zai)培(pei)出菇(gu),但當季(ji)(ji)出不完菇(gu),需經越夏、越冬(dong)(dong)處置,到氣(qi)溫(wen)適宜(yi)時(shi),菌袋才能出完菇(gu)。這不僅(jin)使(shi)菌袋營養損耗大,而且(qie)降低(di)了栽(zai)(zai)培(pei)設施、資(zi)源的利用率(lv)。因(yin)此,武夷山市栽(zai)(zai)培(pei)茶樹(shu)菇(gu),選擇在(zai)冬(dong)(dong)季(ji)(ji)或秋(qiu)未冬(dong)(dong)初(chu)進(jin)行(xing),經冬(dong)(dong)季(ji)(ji)和早春(chun)季(ji)(ji)發(fa)菌,菌絲即可(ke)長滿(man)全袋,待春(chun)季(ji)(ji)氣(qi)溫(wen)回(hui)升適宜(yi)出菇(gu)時(shi),即可(ke)進(jin)行(xing)催蕾出菇(gu)管理。這樣出菇(gu)期長,基本上當季(ji)(ji)可(ke)出完菇(gu)。具體時(shi)間安排在(zai)10~11月制袋接種(zhong),翌年(nian)4~10月出菇(gu)。
二、制袋
探究水稻生產技術應用與推廣
摘要(yao):水(shui)(shui)稻(dao)作為我(wo)國農業生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)的(de)(de)(de)重要(yao)內容,也是四川(chuan)省最重要(yao)的(de)(de)(de)糧食(shi)作物。為了有效提高水(shui)(shui)稻(dao)生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)種(zhong)植(zhi)技術,促進水(shui)(shui)稻(dao)的(de)(de)(de)增收,實現(xian)我(wo)國農業經濟的(de)(de)(de)繁榮,必須要(yao)加(jia)強對(dui)水(shui)(shui)稻(dao)生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)技術的(de)(de)(de)應用與推廣,實現(xian)水(shui)(shui)稻(dao)種(zhong)植(zhi)水(shui)(shui)平的(de)(de)(de)提高,提高水(shui)(shui)稻(dao)的(de)(de)(de)產(chan)量(liang)(liang)與質量(liang)(liang)。
關鍵詞(ci):水稻;高產;生(sheng)產技術(shu);推廣
1水稻生產(chan)技術要(yao)點
1.1選種
優質(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)種(zhong)(zhong)植是保證(zheng)(zheng)水(shui)稻產品質(zhi)量和產量的(de)(de)(de)重要前(qian)提。選育(yu)優良的(de)(de)(de)水(shui)稻種(zhong)(zhong)子(zi),以保證(zheng)(zheng)水(shui)稻在生產作(zuo)(zuo)業過(guo)程中具有良好的(de)(de)(de)抗病能力,同時還(huan)應根據當地的(de)(de)(de)生態(tai)、氣候條件選擇優質(zhi)、抗逆(ni)性的(de)(de)(de)品種(zhong)(zhong)。在水(shui)稻栽培前(qian)期(qi)需要做好充分(fen)的(de)(de)(de)準(zhun)備工(gong)作(zuo)(zuo),對種(zhong)(zhong)子(zi)進行逐一的(de)(de)(de)驗(yan)收、晾(liang)曬、浸(jin)泡、等程序,保證(zheng)(zheng)水(shui)稻種(zhong)(zhong)子(zi)的(de)(de)(de)品質(zhi)。
1.2確定播種(zhong)時(shi)間(jian)
水稻高產栽培技術及病蟲害防治對策
摘要:為了(le)(le)提高(gao)水(shui)(shui)稻高(gao)產栽培和(he)(he)病蟲害防治技(ji)術,文章(zhang)件采用(yong)實(shi)用(yong)分(fen)析方法(fa),對(dui)其(qi)進行(xing)了(le)(le)具(ju)體討論(lun),并概述了(le)(le)栽培和(he)(he)管理(li)策(ce)略,可與相關人員參考分(fen)享。首先,總結了(le)(le)某省水(shui)(shui)稻種植技(ji)術的進步。其(qi)次,分(fen)析了(le)(le)水(shui)(shui)稻高(gao)產栽培的主要技(ji)術。最后,提出(chu)了(le)(le)如(ru)何防治害蟲的方法(fa)。從按照技(ji)術標準(zhun)和(he)(he)標準(zhun)種植水(shui)(shui)稻的實(shi)踐來看,做好作(zuo)物管理(li)和(he)(he)病蟲害防治對(dui)確保種植效益(yi)具(ju)有積(ji)極作(zuo)用(yong)。
關鍵詞(ci):大(da)米;高產作(zuo)物;病(bing)蟲害(hai);控制技(ji)術
1某省水稻栽培技(ji)術的改進
根據某(mou)省水稻種植(zhi)實踐總結(jie),栽培(pei)技術的改進(jin)主(zhu)要有:
1.1幼秧栽培
將原來的大水(shui)秧(yang)(yang)改為(wei)合式半(ban)水(shui)育(yu)(yu)秧(yang)(yang),可(ke)以有(you)效地減少(shao)腐(fu)爛幼苗的發(fa)育(yu)(yu),培育(yu)(yu)壯苗。20世(shi)紀80年代,某省推廣了雜交水(shui)稻品種的第三次更新,形(xing)成了農地膜覆(fu)蓋+合式半(ban)水(shui)育(yu)(yu)秧(yang)(yang)的栽培技術體系。使用(yong)農用(yong)薄膜保(bao)護可(ke)以抵抗低溫和(he)寒(han)潮(chao)的影響。與(yu)露(lu)地育(yu)(yu)秧(yang)(yang)相(xiang)比,需提(ti)前(qian)10天(tian)左右播種,可(ke)有(you)效解決爛苗問(wen)題。
氣象災害防御水平提升分析
摘要:自然災(zai)害對社會發展、工(gong)業進步(bu)和環境的影響越來越大,對政府(fu)災(zai)害管理(li)能力提出了新的要求。如何積(ji)極開(kai)展氣象(xiang)災(zai)害預報和預警工(gong)作,已成為氣象(xiang)工(gong)作的關(guan)鍵。相(xiang)關(guan)部門應該加大重視力度、將理(li)論(lun)與實踐(jian)相(xiang)結(jie)合,更好地服(fu)務人民。
關鍵詞(ci):監測預(yu)警(jing);災(zai)害應急;災(zai)害防御
1我國(guo)目前的氣象災害防御(yu)現狀
近年(nian)來(lai),中國(guo)成立了(le)(le)氣(qi)象(xiang)災(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)害(hai)防(fang)(fang)治(zhi)領(ling)導小組,制定了(le)(le)氣(qi)象(xiang)災(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)害(hai)防(fang)(fang)治(zhi)計(ji)劃(hua)。成果(guo)如下:一是氣(qi)象(xiang)災(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)害(hai)預防(fang)(fang)和治(zhi)療的(de)(de)相關(guan)法律(lv)和制度不斷改善(shan)。“氣(qi)象(xiang)法”、“國(guo)家氣(qi)象(xiang)災(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)害(hai)的(de)(de)防(fang)(fang)御(yu)計(ji)劃(hua)”等在內的(de)(de)相關(guan)計(ji)劃(hua)的(de)(de)制定和實(shi)施是氣(qi)象(xiang)災(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)害(hai)的(de)(de)防(fang)(fang)災(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)和減災(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)的(de)(de)基礎。二是提(ti)高(gao)氣(qi)象(xiang)災(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)害(hai)預防(fang)(fang)預報(bao)(bao)技術。中國(guo)氣(qi)象(xiang)頻道24h播(bo)報(bao)(bao)預報(bao)(bao)和警報(bao)(bao)。各(ge)省市、縣設有1000多個(ge)氣(qi)象(xiang)服務站和1.5×104多個(ge)鄉(xiang)鎮(zhen)服務站。通過加強人工管理、防(fang)(fang)雷(lei)等氣(qi)象(xiang)維護工程,提(ti)高(gao)了(le)(le)減災(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)效(xiao)果(guo)。三(san)是氣(qi)象(xiang)防(fang)(fang)災(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)救災(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)和防(fang)(fang)災(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)避險(xian)知(zhi)識宣傳(chuan)(chuan)教育(yu)不斷普及(ji)。相關(guan)部(bu)門不斷加強氣(qi)象(xiang)知(zhi)識普及(ji)和宣傳(chuan)(chuan),有效(xiao)提(ti)高(gao)了(le)(le)人民群眾在氣(qi)象(xiang)災(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)害(hai)面前的(de)(de)防(fang)(fang)災(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)自救能力。
2我(wo)國(guo)氣象災害的(de)社會防衛問題
可以(yi)看出,我國在(zai)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)象(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)災(zai)害的(de)(de)(de)社(she)(she)會防(fang)(fang)御(yu)方(fang)面(mian)做了(le)很大(da)的(de)(de)(de)努(nu)力(li),但氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)象(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)災(zai)害的(de)(de)(de)社(she)(she)會防(fang)(fang)御(yu)還不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)能滿(man)(man)足(zu)現實需要。一(yi)是(shi)(shi)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)象(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)監(jian)測(ce)(ce)精(jing)度不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)足(zu),特(te)別是(shi)(shi)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)象(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)災(zai)害觀測(ce)(ce)精(jing)度差,極(ji)端天氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)預(yu)警(jing)(jing)能力(li)薄弱,災(zai)害性(xing)天氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)連續觀測(ce)(ce)能力(li)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)足(zu)。由(you)于(yu)監(jian)測(ce)(ce)準確性(xing)存(cun)在(zai)各(ge)種問(wen)題,極(ji)大(da)地(di)影(ying)響了(le)交通和電力(li)行業(ye)。二是(shi)(shi)應(ying)急機制不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)完(wan)善。氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)象(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)災(zai)害信(xin)息(xi)采(cai)集不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)完(wan)整,報(bao)告不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)及時(shi),部分(fen)地(di)區敏感性(xing)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)足(zu)。三是(shi)(shi)防(fang)(fang)災(zai)減災(zai)方(fang)案可操作性(xing)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)高,活動流程(cheng)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)明確,在(zai)社(she)(she)會交往、部門協調、預(yu)防(fang)(fang)效果等方(fang)面(mian)存(cun)在(zai)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)足(zu)。四是(shi)(shi)基(ji)層防(fang)(fang)災(zai)減災(zai)意(yi)識不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)強。目(mu)前,氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)象(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)預(yu)警(jing)(jing)信(xin)息(xi)基(ji)本滿(man)(man)足(zu)當(dang)前公眾(zhong)需求,覆蓋范(fan)圍逐步擴大(da),但一(yi)些單位、組織和社(she)(she)區對(dui)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)象(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)預(yu)警(jing)(jing)信(xin)息(xi)的(de)(de)(de)重視程(cheng)度還不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)夠。同時(shi),預(yu)警(jing)(jing)信(xin)息(xi)通過新聞媒體的(de)(de)(de)傳播能力(li)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)強。媒體對(dui)災(zai)難的(de)(de)(de)事后(hou)報(bao)道(dao),無法達到預(yu)警(jing)(jing)的(de)(de)(de)效果。
探究油菜產業發展現象與改進渠道論文
摘要分析(xi)了(le)隆(long)林(lin)縣(xian)油(you)菜產(chan)業發(fa)展(zhan)現狀(zhuang),指出其存在的(de)問(wen)題,詳(xiang)述隆(long)林(lin)縣(xian)油(you)菜產(chan)業發(fa)展(zhan)的(de)對策(ce),以(yi)期為(wei)隆(long)林(lin)縣(xian)油(you)菜產(chan)業的(de)進一步發(fa)展(zhan)提供參考。
關鍵(jian)詞油菜產業;現狀;問(wen)題;對策;廣(guang)西隆林
1隆(long)林(lin)縣油菜產業發展(zhan)現(xian)狀
1.1取得的成效
一(yi)是種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi)(zhi)規(gui)模(mo)(mo)不斷(duan)(duan)(duan)擴(kuo)大(da)化(hua)。油(you)(you)(you)(you)菜(cai)(cai)是隆林縣(xian)主(zhu)要(yao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)油(you)(you)(you)(you)料作(zuo)物(wu),也是主(zhu)要(yao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)冬(dong)季(ji)作(zuo)物(wu)。隆林縣(xian)油(you)(you)(you)(you)菜(cai)(cai)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi)(zhi)始(shi)于20世紀60年(nian)代,當時種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi)(zhi)面積(ji)僅限于南(nan)部降水量(liang)較多(duo)的(de)(de)(de)(de)區域(yu),70年(nian)代種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi)(zhi)面積(ji)迅(xun)速擴(kuo)大(da)。農村(cun)體制改(gai)革初期出(chu)現(xian)(xian)回落。隨著農村(cun)體制改(gai)革的(de)(de)(de)(de)不斷(duan)(duan)(duan)完善和黨的(de)(de)(de)(de)各種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)惠農政策的(de)(de)(de)(de)出(chu)臺,農業生產(chan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)發展(zhan)呈現(xian)(xian)穩步發展(zhan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)趨勢。1992年(nian)該縣(xian)冬(dong)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)作(zuo)物(wu)面積(ji)7886.67hm2,其(qi)中油(you)(you)(you)(you)菜(cai)(cai)733.33hm2,占(zhan)該縣(xian)秋冬(dong)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)作(zuo)物(wu)生產(chan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)9.3%。2004年(nian)油(you)(you)(you)(you)菜(cai)(cai)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi)(zhi)面積(ji)1720hm2,2006年(nian)2673.33hm2,2007—2008年(nian)油(you)(you)(you)(you)菜(cai)(cai)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi)(zhi)面積(ji)4000hm2,占(zhan)隆林縣(xian)秋冬(dong)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)作(zuo)物(wu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)20.6%,平(ping)均產(chan)量(liang)由(you)(you)原(yuan)(yuan)來的(de)(de)(de)(de)375kg/hm2提(ti)高(gao)到1575kg/hm2。二是種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi)(zhi)品(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)不斷(duan)(duan)(duan)良種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)化(hua)。冬(dong)季(ji)農業在得到各級黨委(wei)政府(fu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)高(gao)度重(zhong)視后,不僅種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi)(zhi)規(gui)模(mo)(mo)不斷(duan)(duan)(duan)擴(kuo)大(da),種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi)(zhi)品(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)也不斷(duan)(duan)(duan)優良化(hua)。品(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)由(you)(you)普通(tong)(tong)芥菜(cai)(cai)型千年(nian)油(you)(you)(you)(you)菜(cai)(cai)逐(zhu)步發展(zhan)到白(bai)菜(cai)(cai)型、甘藍型等(deng)多(duo)個普通(tong)(tong)油(you)(you)(you)(you)菜(cai)(cai)品(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),如云(yun)油(you)(you)(you)(you)814008、云(yun)油(you)(you)(you)(you)921631等(deng)。現(xian)(xian)在,各類型“單、雙(shuang)低”優質油(you)(you)(you)(you)菜(cai)(cai)品(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)如花(hua)油(you)(you)(you)(you)3號(hao)(hao)、花(hua)油(you)(you)(you)(you)6號(hao)(hao)、花(hua)油(you)(you)(you)(you)8號(hao)(hao)、云(yun)油(you)(you)(you)(you)7號(hao)(hao)、云(yun)油(you)(you)(you)(you)雜一(yi)號(hao)(hao)等(deng),在該縣(xian)都有一(yi)定的(de)(de)(de)(de)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi)(zhi)規(gui)模(mo)(mo)。三是種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi)(zhi)技術不斷(duan)(duan)(duan)科學化(hua)。主(zhu)要(yao)體現(xian)(xian)在:種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi)(zhi)方(fang)(fang)法(fa)由(you)(you)原(yuan)(yuan)來的(de)(de)(de)(de)簡單粗(cu)放發展(zhan)為精耕細作(zuo);管理方(fang)(fang)式由(you)(you)等(deng)收轉變為針對(dui)油(you)(you)(you)(you)菜(cai)(cai)各時期的(de)(de)(de)(de)生長(chang)發育特性進行科學管理。
1.2取得的經驗
綠色農業種植技術推廣策略
摘要(yao):農業(ye)是(shi)當前(qian)經濟發(fa)展(zhan)非(fei)(fei)常重(zhong)要(yao)的部(bu)分。當前(qian)社會經濟的發(fa)展(zhan)呈現逐漸(jian)加快的趨(qu)勢,在這樣的背(bei)景下(xia),人(ren)們(men)(men)的生活質量(liang)水平也獲得了很大(da)的提升,也開始越來(lai)越注重(zhong)飲食(shi)的健康(kang),這就給農業(ye)種(zhong)植(zhi)人(ren)員提出(chu)了更高的要(yao)求(qiu)。在農業(ye)種(zhong)植(zhi)中,綠(lv)(lv)(lv)色(se)農業(ye)種(zhong)植(zhi)技術(shu)對(dui)(dui)于農作物的高質高產都有很積極(ji)的影(ying)響,而且當下(xia)人(ren)們(men)(men)都非(fei)(fei)常注重(zhong)飲食(shi)健康(kang),綠(lv)(lv)(lv)色(se)農業(ye)種(zhong)植(zhi)技術(shu)的應用(yong)能夠滿足新時(shi)期(qi)人(ren)們(men)(men)對(dui)(dui)綠(lv)(lv)(lv)色(se)食(shi)品的追求(qiu)。主要(yao)對(dui)(dui)新時(shi)期(qi)綠(lv)(lv)(lv)色(se)農業(ye)種(zhong)植(zhi)技術(shu)的重(zhong)要(yao)性進(jin)行(xing)了探討(tao),同時(shi)提出(chu)了相應推廣策(ce)略。
關鍵詞:新時期;綠色農業種植技術;推廣策略
現(xian)代社會(hui)的(de)(de)(de)發(fa)展速度(du)逐(zhu)漸加快,綠(lv)色農(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)已經(jing)成為了(le)當前農(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)的(de)(de)(de)發(fa)展趨勢,人們對(dui)(dui)(dui)其(qi)歡迎度(du)也非常高(gao)。綠(lv)色農(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)要想得到快速發(fa)展,就需要廣(guang)泛(fan)應(ying)用(yong)綠(lv)色農(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)種植(zhi)技(ji)術(shu),讓更多(duo)的(de)(de)(de)農(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)種植(zhi)人員(yuan)看(kan)到它給(gei)(gei)農(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)種植(zhi)帶來的(de)(de)(de)效(xiao)(xiao)益。但是在實(shi)(shi)際(ji)推廣(guang)中(zhong)有(you)很多(duo)原因限制了(le)農(nong)(nong)(nong)戶對(dui)(dui)(dui)新(xin)技(ji)術(shu)的(de)(de)(de)掌握,制約(yue)了(le)綠(lv)色農(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)種植(zhi)技(ji)術(shu)的(de)(de)(de)推廣(guang)。很多(duo)農(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)種植(zhi)戶對(dui)(dui)(dui)其(qi)缺乏(fa)了(le)解,還(huan)有(you)一部(bu)分農(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)種植(zhi)戶可(ke)能從來沒有(you)聽說過綠(lv)色農(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)種植(zhi)技(ji)術(shu),就更別說應(ying)用(yong)這(zhe)種先進的(de)(de)(de)技(ji)術(shu)。對(dui)(dui)(dui)新(xin)型(xing)農(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)種植(zhi)技(ji)術(shu)的(de)(de)(de)推廣(guang)工作(zuo)沒有(you)給(gei)(gei)予(yu)足夠的(de)(de)(de)重(zhong)視(shi),推廣(guang)工作(zuo)還(huan)有(you)所(suo)欠(qian)缺。對(dui)(dui)(dui)于這(zhe)種情況,應(ying)提(ti)高(gao)對(dui)(dui)(dui)綠(lv)色農(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)種植(zhi)技(ji)術(shu)推廣(guang)工作(zuo)的(de)(de)(de)重(zhong)視(shi)度(du),對(dui)(dui)(dui)當前綠(lv)色農(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)種植(zhi)技(ji)術(shu)的(de)(de)(de)應(ying)用(yong)現(xian)狀(zhuang)進行明確分析,在這(zhe)樣的(de)(de)(de)前提(ti)下再實(shi)(shi)施有(you)效(xiao)(xiao)的(de)(de)(de)推廣(guang)策(ce)略。
1綠(lv)色農(nong)(nong)業(ye)和綠(lv)色農(nong)(nong)業(ye)種植技術的關系
綠色(se)(se)(se)農(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)主要(yao)由兩部分組成,一部分是綠色(se)(se)(se)農(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)技(ji)術,另一部分是綠色(se)(se)(se)農(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)產品(pin)(pin)。綠色(se)(se)(se)農(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)技(ji)術在應(ying)用的(de)(de)過程中(zhong)(zhong)不會對環境造(zao)成任(ren)何的(de)(de)負面影響,在農(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)管理中(zhong)(zhong)秉承綠色(se)(se)(se)理念對農(nong)(nong)作物進(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)行綠色(se)(se)(se)用藥與施肥,以(yi)滿足(zu)當前時展下(xia)人們(men)對綠色(se)(se)(se)食(shi)品(pin)(pin)的(de)(de)需求。為(wei)了(le)讓更多的(de)(de)農(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)種(zhong)(zhong)植戶在農(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)種(zhong)(zhong)植中(zhong)(zhong)應(ying)用先進(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)的(de)(de)綠色(se)(se)(se)農(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)種(zhong)(zhong)植技(ji)術,使先進(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)的(de)(de)技(ji)術在當下(xia)能夠被廣(guang)(guang)泛應(ying)用,促進(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)經(jing)濟(ji)的(de)(de)發展,就(jiu)需要(yao)將(jiang)推廣(guang)(guang)工作充分地(di)落實下(xia)去。而且(qie)相關部門應(ying)該給(gei)予足(zu)夠的(de)(de)配合,了(le)解(jie)綠色(se)(se)(se)農(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)種(zhong)(zhong)植技(ji)術的(de)(de)重要(yao)性,提高(gao)(gao)推廣(guang)(guang)工作的(de)(de)效率,從而讓更多的(de)(de)農(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)種(zhong)(zhong)植戶對其深(shen)入了(le)解(jie)并且(qie)廣(guang)(guang)泛應(ying)用,實現農(nong)(nong)作物高(gao)(gao)質高(gao)(gao)產,進(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)而提高(gao)(gao)種(zhong)(zhong)植戶獲得的(de)(de)經(jing)濟(ji)效益,提高(gao)(gao)其生活(huo)質量(liang)[1]。
2新時期(qi)綠色農業種植(zhi)技術推廣的重要性
略談核桃種植技術對農業的意義
一(yi)、核(he)桃(tao)管理技(ji)術研究(jiu)
核(he)桃樹栽植完(wan)成(cheng)后,接下來就(jiu)是對核(he)桃樹的(de)(de)管(guan)理(li)(li),只(zhi)有好的(de)(de)管(guan)理(li)(li)才(cai)有好的(de)(de)收成(cheng),所以(yi)(yi)管(guan)理(li)(li)在(zai)核(he)桃樹的(de)(de)種植中也(ye)占有很重要的(de)(de)作(zuo)用。管(guan)理(li)(li)主要包括鋤草(cao)和松土、間作(zuo)以(yi)(yi)及整形和修剪。
1鋤(chu)草(cao)和(he)松土在核(he)桃種(zhong)植中,雜草(cao)會(hui)吸(xi)收本(ben)來屬于核(he)桃樹的(de)(de)養(yang)分,因(yin)此,需要(yao)定(ding)(ding)期進行(xing)鋤(chu)草(cao),使核(he)桃樹有足(zu)夠的(de)(de)養(yang)分生長(chang)(chang)。特(te)別在核(he)桃樹幼齡時要(yao)更加(jia)注意鋤(chu)草(cao),每年可以(yi)(yi)進行(xing)4次左(zuo)右(you)的(de)(de)鋤(chu)草(cao)。同時,還(huan)要(yao)定(ding)(ding)期對核(he)桃樹進行(xing)松土,這樣可以(yi)(yi)使植株透氣,還(huan)可以(yi)(yi)清除污染物和(he)控水保墑(di),使核(he)桃樹長(chang)(chang)的(de)(de)更加(jia)旺(wang)盛。成(cheng)齡的(de)(de)核(he)桃樹松土一般(ban)深度應該(gai)在60cm以(yi)(yi)上。
2間作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)核桃(tao)結果非常(chang)晚,需要(yao)4a左(zuo)右(you)才開始產核桃(tao)。在核桃(tao)樹(shu)(shu)生長(chang)時,可以在樹(shu)(shu)中間進行間作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo),種(zhong)植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)其(qi)他農(nong)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)物。這不僅可以使土地得(de)到有效利用,更(geng)重要(yao)的是能(neng)(neng)夠在核桃(tao)成熟(shu)前也(ye)會有經(jing)濟(ji)(ji)收入,可以更(geng)好地促(cu)進經(jing)濟(ji)(ji)發(fa)展(zhan)。但間作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)種(zhong)植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)物也(ye)要(yao)認真挑選(xuan),尤其(qi)是高桿(gan)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)物不能(neng)(neng)夠種(zhong)植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。在核桃(tao)樹(shu)(shu)幼(you)齡時,可以種(zhong)植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)一(yi)些低矮(ai)農(nong)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)物,如瓜、豆類等(deng)。對生長(chang)5a左(zuo)右(you)的核桃(tao)樹(shu)(shu),已經(jing)形成部分陰(yin)暗區域,因此,可以種(zhong)植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)一(yi)些半(ban)陰(yin)性的中草藥(yao)等(deng)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)物。對于已經(jing)成年的核桃(tao)樹(shu)(shu),可種(zhong)植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)小麥等(deng)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)物。
3整(zheng)形和修剪(jian)(jian)整(zheng)形和修剪(jian)(jian)在核(he)(he)桃(tao)(tao)(tao)(tao)樹(shu)(shu)管(guan)理(li)中非常重要,是保(bao)證核(he)(he)桃(tao)(tao)(tao)(tao)穩(wen)產高(gao)產的(de)(de)(de)基礎。還(huan)可(ke)以(yi)最大限(xian)度(du)的(de)(de)(de)地(di)延(yan)長(chang)結果(guo)(guo)年限(xian)。秋季適合(he)(he)對(dui)核(he)(he)桃(tao)(tao)(tao)(tao)樹(shu)(shu)進行整(zheng)形和修剪(jian)(jian),對(dui)不同時期的(de)(de)(de)核(he)(he)桃(tao)(tao)(tao)(tao)樹(shu)(shu),修剪(jian)(jian)的(de)(de)(de)方(fang)法(fa)也不同。對(dui)于幼(you)齡植株,修剪(jian)(jian)可(ke)以(yi)培養牢(lao)固(gu)核(he)(he)桃(tao)(tao)(tao)(tao)苗(miao)的(de)(de)(de)樹(shu)(shu)冠(guan)骨(gu)架和豐產樹(shu)(shu)形,有效(xiao)地(di)控制主枝(zhi)和側枝(zhi)在空間的(de)(de)(de)合(he)(he)理(li)配置,調節(jie)生長(chang)和結果(guo)(guo)關系(xi),為(wei)促進幼(you)樹(shu)(shu)早(zao)結果(guo)(guo)、早(zao)豐產奠(dian)定基礎。對(dui)不需要的(de)(de)(de)樹(shu)(shu)枝(zhi)可(ke)以(yi)隨(sui)時剪(jian)(jian)掉,還(huan)要進行疏枝(zhi)處理(li),即將雄花枝(zhi)、病蟲枝(zhi)等壞掉或者不需要的(de)(de)(de)枝(zhi)條從樹(shu)(shu)枝(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)基部(bu)剪(jian)(jian)掉。對(dui)于成年的(de)(de)(de)核(he)(he)桃(tao)(tao)(tao)(tao)樹(shu)(shu),在維持核(he)(he)桃(tao)(tao)(tao)(tao)樹(shu)(shu)樹(shu)(shu)勢健(jian)壯生長(chang)與結果(guo)(guo)相對(dui)平衡的(de)(de)(de)基礎上,進行適當修剪(jian)(jian),保(bao)持核(he)(he)桃(tao)(tao)(tao)(tao)樹(shu)(shu)的(de)(de)(de)高(gao)產。
二、種植(zhi)技術對農業的促進
防風種植技術及經濟效益研究
摘要(yao):東北三(san)省(sheng)所產(chan)防風品質優、藥(yao)效(xiao)(xiao)足。近年(nian)來,由于防風野生(sheng)資(zi)源被(bei)過度采收(shou),人工種(zhong)植(zhi)(zhi)極少(shao),遠(yuan)遠(yuan)滿足不了市(shi)場需求,防風市(shi)場價格也(ye)不斷上漲。本(ben)文總結了防風種(zhong)植(zhi)(zhi)技術,并(bing)對其生(sheng)產(chan)經濟效(xiao)(xiao)益進行分析,為(wei)人工種(zhong)植(zhi)(zhi)防風技術水平和產(chan)量提升(sheng)提供借鑒。
關(guan)鍵詞:防(fang)風;種植(zhi);技(ji)術;效(xiao)益分析
防風(feng)(feng)(Saposhnikoviadivaricata(Trucz.)Schischk.)為傘型科防風(feng)(feng)屬(shu)植(zhi)物(wu),別(bie)名關防風(feng)(feng)、旁風(feng)(feng)等,是我國傳統的中(zhong)藥材(cai)。隨著防風(feng)(feng)野生資源被過度采收,產量(liang)在逐(zhu)年下降,市場(chang)供不應求,價格持續上漲。因此,人工種植(zhi)防風(feng)(feng)迫在眉(mei)睫,市場(chang)前(qian)景十分廣闊[1]。
1生長習性與分布
防(fang)風具有喜光(guang)、耐(nai)(nai)旱、耐(nai)(nai)寒等特(te)性。適生區域較廣,山坡草(cao)地、深(shen)山狹谷、低濕草(cao)甸均可生長。廣泛(fan)分布在黑(hei)龍江、吉林、遼寧、河北、山東(dong)、內(nei)蒙古等省區。
2種植技術