導語：小型農田水利設(she)施建設(she)現狀(zhuang)及對策一文來源于網友(you)上(shang)傳，不代表本站(zhan)觀點，若需要原創文章可(ke)咨詢客服(fu)老(lao)師，歡迎參考(kao)。

摘要：本文對晉城市小型農田水利設施建設的特點、現狀及問題進行(xing)了分析，從規劃、管(guan)理、資金等方(fang)面提出了針(zhen)對性的建(jian)議(yi)。

關鍵詞：小型農田水利設施；現狀；存在問題；對策

１晉城市農田水利設施基本情況及特點

近(jin)些年，為了(le)響應(ying)國家號召，山(shan)西省(sheng)各級政府(fu)及農(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)生產(chan)(chan)相關部(bu)門高(gao)度重視(shi)新農(nong)(nong)村建(jian)(jian)設中的(de)(de)(de)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)問(wen)題。晉(jin)(jin)城(cheng)市(shi)委市(shi)政府(fu)持續(xu)重視(shi)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)利(li)(li)(li)建(jian)(jian)設，使得農(nong)(nong)田(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)利(li)(li)(li)及灌(guan)溉(gai)系統得以鞏(gong)固。全市(shi)建(jian)(jian)有(you)任莊(zhuang)、董(dong)封、申莊(zhuang)等(deng)6座蓄水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)1億(yi)m3的(de)(de)(de)大(da)(da)型(xing)(xing)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)庫(ku)，中型(xing)(xing)灌(guan)區7處(chu)，小(xiao)型(xing)(xing)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)利(li)(li)(li)設施(shi)(shi)2500多(duo)處(chu)，有(you)效(xiao)灌(guan)溉(gai)面積4萬(wan)多(duo)hm2，強化(hua)了(le)農(nong)(nong)田(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)的(de)(de)(de)供水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)排水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)。晉(jin)(jin)城(cheng)市(shi)位于(yu)(yu)山(shan)西省(sheng)東(dong)南部(bu)，自然降(jiang)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)量偏少(shao)且(qie)(qie)主要分布在夏季(ji)，可用于(yu)(yu)農(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)生產(chan)(chan)的(de)(de)(de)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)資(zi)源相對貧乏(fa)。由于(yu)(yu)晉(jin)(jin)城(cheng)大(da)(da)多(duo)數地(di)區屬于(yu)(yu)山(shan)丘地(di)區，古為“煤(mei)鐵之(zhi)鄉”，煤(mei)炭(tan)、鋼鐵、礦(kuang)產(chan)(chan)開發(fa)企業(ye)(ye)多(duo)，農(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)耕地(di)小(xiao)且(qie)(qie)分散，小(xiao)規模(mo)耕地(di)的(de)(de)(de)數量遠遠高(gao)于(yu)(yu)大(da)(da)型(xing)(xing)耕地(di)的(de)(de)(de)數量，在該地(di)形下建(jian)(jian)設大(da)(da)型(xing)(xing)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)利(li)(li)(li)設施(shi)(shi)比較困難，小(xiao)型(xing)(xing)農(nong)(nong)田(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)利(li)(li)(li)設施(shi)(shi)的(de)(de)(de)應(ying)用價值遠遠高(gao)于(yu)(yu)大(da)(da)型(xing)(xing)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)利(li)(li)(li)設施(shi)(shi)。小(xiao)型(xing)(xing)農(nong)(nong)田(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)利(li)(li)(li)作為整個水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)利(li)(li)(li)工(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)建(jian)(jian)設體系的(de)(de)(de)毛細血(xue)管和末端工(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)，具有(you)工(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)結構(gou)多(duo)樣性、地(di)域(yu)適(shi)應(ying)性、小(xiao)規模(mo)等(deng)典型(xing)(xing)特征(zheng)。同時，小(xiao)型(xing)(xing)農(nong)(nong)田(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)利(li)(li)(li)也屬于(yu)(yu)準(zhun)公共物(wu)品(pin)，具有(you)一定的(de)(de)(de)系統性。

２晉城市小型農田水利設施建設存在的困難和問題

2.1部分小型農田水利(li)設施老舊，灌(guan)溉效率不高

晉城(cheng)市部分小型農業水利(li)(li)工程、機電灌(guan)(guan)站設施使(shi)用中少管(guan)失(shi)修，一些設施損壞(huai)嚴(yan)重(zhong)，加之(zhi)農村生(sheng)產(chan)經營模式較落后、水利(li)(li)設施管(guan)理體制(zhi)相對固化等因素，致(zhi)使(shi)多數工程的運行效(xiao)率低下，甚(shen)至有少數灌(guan)(guan)溉(gai)設施不能正常運行，陵川縣(xian)、沁水縣(xian)部分區域(yu)灌(guan)(guan)溉(gai)面(mian)(mian)積(ji)不升反降。任莊、釜山(shan)、許河(he)、丹河(he)、董封5個自流灌(guan)(guan)區和(he)北留、曲堤(di)2個機電灌(guan)(guan)站等萬(wan)畝以上灌(guan)(guan)區實澆面(mian)(mian)積(ji)不足，長河(he)的小水庫(ku)群也(ye)沒(mei)有充分得到(dao)養(yang)護(hu)和(he)管(guan)理，實澆面(mian)(mian)積(ji)僅萬(wan)畝左(zuo)右。區域(yu)內(nei)一些沿(yan)河(he)的工程雖然多次提出修復，但是整(zheng)體還(huan)是沒(mei)有完成修復，無法發揮預期的功(gong)效(xiao)。

2.2對現有小型農(nong)田水(shui)利設施的管理(li)不(bu)到位

區域內多數小型農(nong)田水利(li)(li)設(she)(she)施(shi)分(fen)散、規模小的(de)特點擴大(da)了(le)管理(li)(li)人員的(de)工作(zuo)范圍(wei)，由于(yu)晉城市自然環境(jing)因素導致交通(tong)條件較差，加大(da)了(le)小型農(nong)田水利(li)(li)設(she)(she)施(shi)的(de)管理(li)(li)難(nan)度，加上一些行(xing)政及行(xing)業管理(li)(li)人員的(de)專(zhuan)業素養不(bu)(bu)夠，部分(fen)設(she)(she)施(shi)處于(yu)“政府管不(bu)(bu)到、媒體管不(bu)(bu)著、集(ji)體管不(bu)(bu)好(hao)、農(nong)民管不(bu)(bu)了(le)”的(de)尷尬狀態。農(nong)田水利(li)(li)項目建(jian)設(she)(she)中存在少數急于(yu)求(qiu)成和追求(qiu)建(jian)設(she)(she)進度的(de)現象(xiang)，使得少數農(nong)田水利(li)(li)工程質量不(bu)(bu)達標，不(bu)(bu)能(neng)發(fa)揮預期的(de)作(zuo)用，也為小型農(nong)田水利(li)(li)設(she)(she)施(shi)的(de)管理(li)(li)增加了(le)困難(nan)。

2.3小型(xing)農田水(shui)利(li)設施(shi)建設長期(qi)投入不足

市場(chang)經濟下很(hen)多(duo)(duo)基礎設(she)施(shi)(shi)建設(she)的諸多(duo)(duo)環(huan)節(jie)(jie)都由(you)市場(chang)參與調節(jie)(jie)，一些(xie)大中(zhong)型水(shui)利設(she)施(shi)(shi)由(you)于資(zi)(zi)(zi)本市場(chang)的介入使得(de)(de)(de)其資(zi)(zi)(zi)金投入問題得(de)(de)(de)以(yi)解決(jue)。農田(tian)水(shui)利設(she)施(shi)(shi)特(te)(te)別是小(xiao)型農田(tian)水(shui)利設(she)施(shi)(shi)特(te)(te)殊的準(zhun)公共物(wu)品(pin)特(te)(te)性使得(de)(de)(de)它的多(duo)(duo)數(shu)投資(zi)(zi)(zi)過程不(bu)能按照市場(chang)規(gui)則運行，很(hen)多(duo)(duo)社會(hui)投資(zi)(zi)(zi)主(zhu)體(ti)看不(bu)到其中(zhong)的利潤空間，不(bu)會(hui)投資(zi)(zi)(zi)建設(she)水(shui)利設(she)施(shi)(shi)，因此(ci)政(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)府財政(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)等成(cheng)為(wei)農田(tian)水(shui)利設(she)施(shi)(shi)建設(she)資(zi)(zi)(zi)金的主(zhu)要來源，但由(you)于財政(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)力度有限，用于小(xiao)型農田(tian)水(shui)利設(she)施(shi)(shi)的投入長期不(bu)足(zu)。加(jia)上原(yuan)材料、人工、設(she)備成(cheng)本持續增加(jia)，有限的財政(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)投入增加(jia)顯得(de)(de)(de)更加(jia)捉(zhuo)襟見肘(zhou)。釜山、許(xu)河、董封、北(bei)留、曲(qu)堤部分地(di)區(qu)的灌區(qu)實澆面積不(bu)升反降(jiang)也有運營投資(zi)(zi)(zi)不(bu)足(zu)的原(yuan)因。

2.4節水意識薄(bo)弱及廢水處理系統不完善

在晉(jin)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)資(zi)源緊張的(de)(de)(de)大背景下，企業(ye)及百姓節水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)意(yi)識不(bu)(bu)夠(gou)，一方面處(chu)于缺(que)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)的(de)(de)(de)整體態(tai)勢(shi)，另一方面存在水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)資(zi)源浪費的(de)(de)(de)普遍現象，特別(bie)是(shi)煤(mei)(mei)(mei)礦及相(xiang)(xiang)關(guan)工業(ye)廢水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)處(chu)理(li)不(bu)(bu)夠(gou)完善，造成水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)資(zi)源的(de)(de)(de)污染長期沒有得到良好的(de)(de)(de)根治，這對人們生(sheng)活、農業(ye)生(sheng)產有一定的(de)(de)(de)影(ying)響，而已經存在的(de)(de)(de)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)文資(zi)源生(sheng)態(tai)破壞(huai)還(huan)需(xu)要長時間進(jin)行(xing)自我修復。多(duo)年來，晉(jin)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)范圍(wei)內大量(liang)煤(mei)(mei)(mei)炭(tan)的(de)(de)(de)開采(cai)、洗煤(mei)(mei)(mei)加工導(dao)致的(de)(de)(de)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)污染問題在近些年得到了高(gao)度重(zhong)視，也有所改善，特別(bie)是(shi)晉(jin)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)市(shi)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)區及師(shi)徒、高(gao)都、巴公、潤城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)、古郊等主要熱點(dian)旅(lv)游景區附近煤(mei)(mei)(mei)炭(tan)廢水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)處(chu)理(li)相(xiang)(xiang)對較好，但是(shi)對陵川及沁(qin)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)等農村及邊緣地區的(de)(de)(de)煤(mei)(mei)(mei)炭(tan)鋼鐵廢渣棄土堵塞河(he)道水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)渠(qu)、重(zhong)力侵蝕等處(chu)理(li)還(huan)不(bu)(bu)夠(gou)完善。

３晉城市小型農田水利設施建設方面的對策建議

在嚴重缺水的澤州盆地及周邊山區(qu)，要把小型農(nong)(nong)田(tian)水利(li)事業(ye)作為中心任務來抓(zhua)，要在制度建設(she)(she)、資(zi)金投入(ru)、宣傳(chuan)(chuan)教育等(deng)方(fang)面下功夫，結合煤(mei)炭(tan)等(deng)產業(ye)整合局勢，要進一(yi)步加(jia)大“一(yi)礦(kuang)一(yi)池一(yi)園區(qu)”工程建設(she)(she)，加(jia)大“煤(mei)礦(kuang)區(qu)農(nong)(nong)田(tian)區(qu)生活區(qu)”協調建設(she)(she)，加(jia)強(qiang)農(nong)(nong)業(ye)及煤(mei)炭(tan)等(deng)工業(ye)節(jie)水宣傳(chuan)(chuan)，使晉城市農(nong)(nong)田(tian)水利(li)工作跨上一(yi)個(ge)新臺階。

3.1緊跟山西(xi)產業(ye)整合發展的(de)良好局勢(shi)和新浪潮，抓機遇尋發展

在宏觀(guan)政策支持下，山西持續出臺多項政策，加快推(tui)動和(he)(he)協助(zhu)農(nong)業全(quan)方位發展(zhan)(zhan)。近年來(lai)山西開啟了(le)(le)煤(mei)炭(tan)、銀(yin)行(xing)等產(chan)(chan)業整合(he)發展(zhan)(zhan)的(de)(de)新局面，也為傳統的(de)(de)基(ji)礎(chu)性農(nong)田(tian)水(shui)(shui)(shui)利(li)(li)提供了(le)(le)保障(zhang)、支持和(he)(he)幫助(zhu)，煤(mei)炭(tan)、鋼鐵等重工業的(de)(de)整合(he)為農(nong)田(tian)水(shui)(shui)(shui)利(li)(li)的(de)(de)發展(zhan)(zhan)提供了(le)(le)幫助(zhu)，大大改善了(le)(le)由(you)于之(zhi)前經營環境影響農(nong)田(tian)水(shui)(shui)(shui)利(li)(li)部(bu)門及農(nong)田(tian)水(shui)(shui)(shui)利(li)(li)企業無法和(he)(he)煤(mei)炭(tan)鋼鐵行(xing)業交(jiao)涉、交(jiao)流、合(he)作的(de)(de)局面。銀(yin)行(xing)、金融業的(de)(de)整合(he)也為農(nong)田(tian)水(shui)(shui)(shui)利(li)(li)發展(zhan)(zhan)提供資金支持，山西銀(yin)行(xing)成(cheng)立(li)之(zhi)初擬出臺的(de)(de)發展(zhan)(zhan)理念(nian)就包括(kuo)了(le)(le)對本土經濟和(he)(he)基(ji)礎(chu)產(chan)(chan)業的(de)(de)支持，大大緩解農(nong)田(tian)水(shui)(shui)(shui)利(li)(li)缺(que)乏資金的(de)(de)困境。

3.2進(jin)一步加大對(dui)農田(tian)水利建設的宣傳力(li)度和(he)認知(zhi)培養

重視(shi)《水(shui)法(fa)》宣傳，特(te)別是強化傳統煤炭及(ji)化工等(deng)(deng)企業(ye)(ye)和(he)(he)個(ge)體農(nong)戶舊的用水(shui)觀(guan)念，節(jie)約(yue)水(shui)資源(yuan)(yuan)，科學用水(shui)，加大(da)對(dui)水(shui)資源(yuan)(yuan)浪費及(ji)污染行為的懲處力(li)度，共同解決好農(nong)田水(shui)利中(zhong)出(chu)現的各種問題。設(she)法(fa)通(tong)過多(duo)種渠道媒體、教育平(ping)臺、社(she)會(hui)群體宣傳吸引社(she)會(hui)對(dui)小(xiao)型農(nong)田水(shui)利的關(guan)(guan)注，以期(qi)引導和(he)(he)吸收企業(ye)(ye)力(li)量、社(she)會(hui)資本和(he)(he)個(ge)人(ren)(ren)資金對(dui)小(xiao)型農(nong)田水(shui)利設(she)施建設(she)的投資。這幾(ji)年晉城市水(shui)利局(ju)、晉城市水(shui)務(wu)局(ju)和(he)(he)很(hen)多(duo)相關(guan)(guan)部(bu)門不定期(qi)開展關(guan)(guan)于《水(shui)法(fa)》等(deng)(deng)法(fa)律法(fa)規(gui)的各種宣傳活(huo)動，對(dui)于提高人(ren)(ren)們的節(jie)水(shui)意識(shi)有(you)很(hen)大(da)促進作用。結(jie)合學生和(he)(he)家長聯動及(ji)社(she)會(hui)人(ren)(ren)員的各種教育培訓，加深對(dui)水(shui)資源(yuan)(yuan)高效節(jie)約(yue)利用的認知(zhi)，充分利用信息、網絡、公益廣告、社(she)區活(huo)動等(deng)(deng)手段，擴大(da)和(he)(he)深化宣傳《水(shui)法(fa)》的范圍及(ji)力(li)度，避(bi)免(mian)流于形式、避(bi)免(mian)運動式宣傳。

3.3全面(mian)提高(gao)晉城市在小型農(nong)田水利(li)設施各方面(mian)的綜合(he)管理水平

晉城(cheng)(cheng)市近些年(nian)(nian)在(zai)(zai)新(xin)農(nong)(nong)(nong)村建(jian)設(she)方(fang)(fang)面(mian)不斷加大重(zhong)視，但水(shui)資源短缺(que)的(de)(de)整體態勢沒有(you)實質性緩解。水(shui)資源相(xiang)關(guan)行業(ye)(ye)主(zhu)管部門可以出臺各級(ji)規劃，進(jin)一步(bu)明(ming)確各階段管理及參(can)與人(ren)員(yuan)的(de)(de)權(quan)利(li)(li)(li)和(he)職(zhi)責，建(jian)立(li)健全小型(xing)農(nong)(nong)(nong)田(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)水(shui)利(li)(li)(li)項目的(de)(de)規劃、建(jian)設(she)及運行的(de)(de)各項規章制(zhi)度和(he)由社會(hui)各界參(can)與的(de)(de)農(nong)(nong)(nong)田(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)水(shui)利(li)(li)(li)設(she)施(shi)建(jian)設(she)的(de)(de)共管體系。晉城(cheng)(cheng)市這兩年(nian)(nian)在(zai)(zai)澤(ze)州、陵川(chuan)、高平(ping)等地多次面(mian)向社會(hui)公開招聘社會(hui)人(ren)才，對水(shui)利(li)(li)(li)、農(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)等部門的(de)(de)管理人(ren)員(yuan)、技術服務人(ren)員(yuan)隊(dui)伍進(jin)行了擴(kuo)充。調(diao)研中發現(xian)陵川(chuan)、高平(ping)、陽(yang)城(cheng)(cheng)等縣這幾年(nian)(nian)都有(you)農(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)水(shui)利(li)(li)(li)、水(shui)利(li)(li)(li)水(shui)電(dian)、農(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)資源環境等專業(ye)(ye)的(de)(de)高校畢業(ye)(ye)生(sheng)增(zeng)加到農(nong)(nong)(nong)田(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)水(shui)利(li)(li)(li)管理和(he)技術行業(ye)(ye)隊(dui)伍中來。新(xin)吸收的(de)(de)人(ren)員(yuan)普遍學歷層(ceng)次高、專業(ye)(ye)素養較(jiao)好，部分人(ren)員(yuan)是晉城(cheng)(cheng)、陵川(chuan)、陽(yang)城(cheng)(cheng)本地人(ren)，對農(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)生(sheng)產(chan)、農(nong)(nong)(nong)田(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)水(shui)利(li)(li)(li)感(gan)情較(jiao)深，有(you)助(zhu)于提高晉城(cheng)(cheng)市在(zai)(zai)小型(xing)農(nong)(nong)(nong)田(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)水(shui)利(li)(li)(li)設(she)施(shi)方(fang)(fang)面(mian)的(de)(de)綜合管理水(shui)平(ping)。

3.4加大(da)對小型農(nong)田水(shui)利建設的投資力(li)度和財(cai)政支持

充分(fen)理(li)解和應用(yong)(yong)相(xiang)關政(zheng)策，抓住當前國家(jia)對(dui)(dui)水(shui)(shui)利(li)傾斜(xie)的(de)(de)(de)(de)大好機遇，激(ji)發(fa)各(ge)類社(she)會團體(ti)及(ji)個(ge)人自覺投(tou)資(zi)投(tou)勞參加小型農田(tian)水(shui)(shui)利(li)設施建設的(de)(de)(de)(de)積極性，促使各(ge)級各(ge)行(xing)(xing)對(dui)(dui)農田(tian)水(shui)(shui)利(li)的(de)(de)(de)(de)財(cai)政(zheng)支持(chi)力(li)(li)度(du)和資(zi)金投(tou)入(ru)，充分(fen)調(diao)動(dong)(dong)政(zheng)府、集(ji)體(ti)、社(she)會和個(ge)人的(de)(de)(de)(de)積極性、采取(qu)財(cai)政(zheng)支持(chi)、企(qi)業投(tou)資(zi)、社(she)會融資(zi)、個(ge)人參與相(xiang)結合(he)的(de)(de)(de)(de)方(fang)法，廣泛籌(chou)集(ji)資(zi)金，努力(li)(li)增加投(tou)入(ru)。山西這(zhe)些年在國家(jia)宏(hong)觀政(zheng)策指(zhi)引(yin)下對(dui)(dui)金融、經濟(ji)、投(tou)融資(zi)體(ti)系(xi)進行(xing)(xing)的(de)(de)(de)(de)諸多改(gai)革，比如(ru)整合(he)的(de)(de)(de)(de)山西銀(yin)行(xing)(xing)體(ti)系(xi)增強了晉(jin)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)范圍(wei)內銀(yin)行(xing)(xing)、信(xin)貸、投(tou)資(zi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)實力(li)(li)及(ji)可(ke)靠度(du)，也為晉(jin)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)市范圍(wei)內的(de)(de)(de)(de)小型農田(tian)水(shui)(shui)利(li)建設的(de)(de)(de)(de)投(tou)資(zi)力(li)(li)度(du)和財(cai)政(zheng)支持(chi)提(ti)供了支撐。另外(wai)，晉(jin)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)市動(dong)(dong)員本(ben)地(di)及(ji)外(wai)地(di)的(de)(de)(de)(de)晉(jin)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)籍著名企(qi)業家(jia)、科研人士(shi)回(hui)家(jia)創(chuang)業和投(tou)資(zi)。比如(ru)，由晉(jin)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)市工(gong)商聯主辦的(de)(de)(de)(de)晉(jin)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)市“助(zhu)力(li)(li)轉型綜(zong)改(gai)·回(hui)鄉(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)創(chuang)業行(xing)(xing)動(dong)(dong)”，晉(jin)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)沁水(shui)(shui)縣舉(ju)行(xing)(xing)的(de)(de)(de)(de)“邀老鄉(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)、回(hui)故(gu)鄉(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)、建家(jia)鄉(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)”創(chuang)新創(chuang)業活動(dong)(dong)，都對(dui)(dui)小型農田(tian)水(shui)(shui)利(li)建設的(de)(de)(de)(de)投(tou)資(zi)產生(sheng)了直接(jie)和間(jian)接(jie)的(de)(de)(de)(de)推動(dong)(dong)作用(yong)(yong)。

3.5加大對晉城市小型農田(tian)水利設(she)施建設(she)及使用的監督(du)

針對晉城市范(fan)圍(wei)(wei)內小(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)型農(nong)(nong)田(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)水(shui)(shui)(shui)利(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)分(fen)(fen)散、管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)控困難等(deng)(deng)特(te)點，建(jian)(jian)立科學有(you)(you)效的(de)監(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)機(ji)制(zhi)并有(you)(you)序運(yun)行，把(ba)小(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)型農(nong)(nong)田(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)水(shui)(shui)(shui)利(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)設(she)(she)(she)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)的(de)規劃、建(jian)(jian)設(she)(she)(she)、施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)、使(shi)用(yong)(yong)、維(wei)護(hu)過程(cheng)(cheng)中每個環(huan)(huan)節的(de)工(gong)作進(jin)行明確(que)的(de)安(an)排和有(you)(you)效的(de)監(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)，增加公示流程(cheng)(cheng)，增加透明度，加強社(she)會(hui)各(ge)界及(ji)群(qun)眾參(can)與(yu)的(de)監(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)力度，對于各(ge)種損壞農(nong)(nong)田(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)水(shui)(shui)(shui)利(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)基(ji)礎(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)設(she)(she)(she)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)的(de)行為(wei)特(te)別(bie)是私(si)占(zhan)、盜竊要(yao)(yao)予以嚴厲打(da)擊，保證農(nong)(nong)田(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)水(shui)(shui)(shui)利(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)工(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)科學、合理(li)、有(you)(you)效運(yun)行。對晉城市小(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)型農(nong)(nong)田(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)水(shui)(shui)(shui)利(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)設(she)(she)(she)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)建(jian)(jian)設(she)(she)(she)及(ji)使(shi)用(yong)(yong)的(de)監(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)督(du)(du)(du)可從以下方(fang)(fang)(fang)面(mian)考(kao)慮：第一，在(zai)監(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)范(fan)圍(wei)(wei)方(fang)(fang)(fang)面(mian)，把(ba)之(zhi)前主(zhu)(zhu)要(yao)(yao)監(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)機(ji)電灌排設(she)(she)(she)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)為(wei)主(zhu)(zhu)擴(kuo)展到建(jian)(jian)設(she)(she)(she)監(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)、人(ren)(ren)工(gong)監(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)、實(shi)時監(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)等(deng)(deng)方(fang)(fang)(fang)面(mian)。建(jian)(jian)設(she)(she)(she)監(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)方(fang)(fang)(fang)面(mian)，把(ba)小(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)型農(nong)(nong)田(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)水(shui)(shui)(shui)利(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)設(she)(she)(she)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)的(de)規劃、投資(zi)、施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)等(deng)(deng)環(huan)(huan)節納(na)入監(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)范(fan)圍(wei)(wei)。人(ren)(ren)工(gong)監(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)方(fang)(fang)(fang)面(mian)，把(ba)農(nong)(nong)田(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)水(shui)(shui)(shui)利(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)設(she)(she)(she)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)相(xiang)關(guan)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)及(ji)維(wei)護(hu)人(ren)(ren)員的(de)相(xiang)關(guan)業(ye)務(wu)活(huo)動(dong)納(na)入監(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)。實(shi)時監(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)方(fang)(fang)(fang)面(mian)，利(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)用(yong)(yong)現(xian)(xian)場的(de)攝像頭、雷達、傳感器、遙(yao)感、無(wu)人(ren)(ren)機(ji)等(deng)(deng)技術設(she)(she)(she)備(bei)，把(ba)小(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)型農(nong)(nong)田(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)水(shui)(shui)(shui)利(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)基(ji)礎(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)設(she)(she)(she)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)納(na)入24h實(shi)時監(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)范(fan)疇。充分(fen)(fen)利(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)用(yong)(yong)好(hao)現(xian)(xian)代(dai)通信(xin)(xin)、網絡技術，實(shi)時對小(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)型農(nong)(nong)田(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)水(shui)(shui)(shui)利(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)基(ji)礎(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)設(she)(she)(she)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)的(de)全程(cheng)(cheng)進(jin)行遠程(cheng)(cheng)監(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)控、調度及(ji)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)。第二，在(zai)監(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)督(du)(du)(du)信(xin)(xin)息(xi)化方(fang)(fang)(fang)面(mian)，把(ba)小(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)型農(nong)(nong)田(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)水(shui)(shui)(shui)利(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)基(ji)礎(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)設(she)(she)(she)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)的(de)監(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)督(du)(du)(du)進(jin)行信(xin)(xin)息(xi)化拓展，調度各(ge)界人(ren)(ren)士的(de)參(can)與(yu)熱情和積(ji)極性(xing)，特(te)別(bie)是晉城市本(ben)地水(shui)(shui)(shui)利(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)相(xiang)關(guan)人(ren)(ren)員，包括水(shui)(shui)(shui)利(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)設(she)(she)(she)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)的(de)投資(zi)人(ren)(ren)、管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)者、設(she)(she)(she)備(bei)維(wei)護(hu)方(fang)(fang)(fang)、直接用(yong)(yong)戶、間(jian)接受益人(ren)(ren)群(qun)、社(she)會(hui)熱心人(ren)(ren)士等(deng)(deng)，把(ba)相(xiang)關(guan)設(she)(she)(she)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)監(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)督(du)(du)(du)狀況(kuang)適度分(fen)(fen)級(ji)進(jin)行公開，讓他們(men)參(can)與(yu)進(jin)來，實(shi)現(xian)(xian)更(geng)高層次、更(geng)快節奏、更(geng)寬范(fan)圍(wei)(wei)的(de)開放式(shi)多(duo)元(yuan)監(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)督(du)(du)(du)。第三，關(guan)于監(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)督(du)(du)(du)可控性(xing)、監(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)督(du)(du)(du)效率(lv)方(fang)(fang)(fang)面(mian)，也要(yao)(yao)有(you)(you)充分(fen)(fen)的(de)綜合考(kao)慮，避(bi)免由于信(xin)(xin)息(xi)錯誤公開（比如機(ji)電灌站的(de)水(shui)(shui)(shui)泵、控制(zhi)閥(fa)等(deng)(deng)設(she)(she)(she)備(bei)的(de)內部專(zhuan)業(ye)操作權限(xian)等(deng)(deng)）引起各(ge)種可能的(de)安(an)全隱患，避(bi)免一些(xie)人(ren)(ren)利(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)用(yong)(yong)網絡和開放信(xin)(xin)息(xi)進(jin)行不法行為(wei)或破壞。由于小(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)型農(nong)(nong)田(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)水(shui)(shui)(shui)利(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)基(ji)礎(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)設(she)(she)(she)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)非常分(fen)(fen)散，現(xian)(xian)場水(shui)(shui)(shui)利(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)設(she)(she)(she)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)的(de)實(shi)時狀況(kuang)資(zi)料(liao)采(cai)集，需(xu)要(yao)(yao)更(geng)多(duo)的(de)人(ren)(ren)員和時間(jian)精力。充分(fen)(fen)利(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)用(yong)(yong)信(xin)(xin)息(xi)化和遠程(cheng)(cheng)技術的(de)監(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)督(du)(du)(du)，實(shi)現(xian)(xian)小(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)型農(nong)(nong)田(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)水(shui)(shui)(shui)利(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)基(ji)礎(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)設(she)(she)(she)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)狀況(kuang)、安(an)全、污(wu)染、用(yong)(yong)電等(deng)(deng)情況(kuang)的(de)24h實(shi)時監(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)，減少人(ren)(ren)工(gong)檢查，提(ti)高監(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)督(du)(du)(du)效率(lv)，從源頭上(shang)確(que)保小(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)型農(nong)(nong)田(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)水(shui)(shui)(shui)利(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)基(ji)礎(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)設(she)(she)(she)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)高效、正常運(yun)轉。

４結束語

晉城市這些年針對煤炭化工等傳統工業進行了(le)改(gai)革，山西的(de)銀(yin)行業、傳媒業整合也為農田(tian)水(shui)(shui)利發(fa)展(zhan)提(ti)(ti)供了(le)條件支(zhi)持。要(yao)提(ti)(ti)高晉城市的(de)農田(tian)水(shui)(shui)利設(she)施(shi)的(de)總體水(shui)(shui)平，需要(yao)從實質上(shang)解決存在的(de)問題，廣(guang)泛提(ti)(ti)高節水(shui)(shui)意識、加強(qiang)規劃建設(she)方面的(de)管理(li)、增加投資，結合相(xiang)關政策，促進小型農田(tian)水(shui)(shui)利設(she)施(shi)建設(she)的(de)發(fa)展(zhan)。

作者：姚藹玲 單位：西(xi)北農林科技大學