導語：園林綠化與反季節種(zhong)植(zhi)技術探討一文(wen)來源于網友上傳(chuan)，不代表本(ben)站觀點(dian)，若需(xu)要(yao)原創文(wen)章可咨(zi)詢客服老師，歡迎參考。

摘要：園林綠化作為現代城市規劃建設的重要組成部分之一，在美化城市環境方面發揮著重要作用。由于傳統季節性園林綠化施工技術已經無法滿足現代城市園林綠化建設工作的要求。所以，相關部門必須按照現代城市園林建設的要求，合理運用反季節種植技術。本文主要就園林綠化施工中的反季節種植技術進行了分析與探討。

關鍵詞：園林；施工；反季節；種植技(ji)術

反(fan)(fan)季節(jie)種植能為(wei)城(cheng)市居(ju)民營造更加(jia)舒(shu)適的(de)生活(huo)環(huan)境，園(yuan)林(lin)(lin)綠(lv)(lv)化(hua)(hua)部門(men)在采用(yong)反(fan)(fan)季節(jie)種植技(ji)術進(jin)行園(yuan)林(lin)(lin)綠(lv)(lv)化(hua)(hua)建(jian)(jian)設(she)時(shi)，應(ying)該充分利用(yong)現代化(hua)(hua)技(ji)術手段和設(she)備(bei)，保證植物成(cheng)活(huo)率(lv)。我國城(cheng)市園(yuan)林(lin)(lin)綠(lv)(lv)化(hua)(hua)事(shi)業不(bu)斷發展的(de)同時(shi)，園(yuan)林(lin)(lin)建(jian)(jian)設(she)部門(men)應(ying)該順應(ying)時(shi)代發展腳步，加(jia)大反(fan)(fan)季節(jie)種植技(ji)術在園(yuan)林(lin)(lin)綠(lv)(lv)化(hua)(hua)中的(de)應(ying)用(yong)，促進(jin)園(yuan)林(lin)(lin)綠(lv)(lv)化(hua)(hua)建(jian)(jian)設(she)質量和效率(lv)的(de)全面提升。

１反季節種植的特點及意義

1.1特點

園(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)林綠(lv)(lv)(lv)化建設單位應(ying)(ying)該在合(he)理(li)運用(yong)傳(chuan)統種(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi)技(ji)術的(de)(de)(de)前提(ti)下(xia)，重(zhong)視反(fan)季(ji)節(jie)(jie)種(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi)技(ji)術的(de)(de)(de)推廣(guang)應(ying)(ying)用(yong)，有(you)(you)效提(ti)升植(zhi)被(bei)種(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi)質(zhi)量(liang)與效率。隨著科學技(ji)術的(de)(de)(de)迅速發展，反(fan)季(ji)節(jie)(jie)植(zhi)被(bei)種(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi)技(ji)術也(ye)迎(ying)來(lai)了(le)創新發展的(de)(de)(de)契(qi)機。首(shou)先，反(fan)季(ji)節(jie)(jie)種(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi)技(ji)術的(de)(de)(de)應(ying)(ying)用(yong)必須與當地(di)氣候與季(ji)節(jie)(jie)變化有(you)(you)機結合(he)，根(gen)據(ju)園(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)林綠(lv)(lv)(lv)化工(gong)程建設的(de)(de)(de)要(yao)求，選擇符合(he)要(yao)求的(de)(de)(de)反(fan)季(ji)節(jie)(jie)樹種(zhong)(zhong)。在冬季(ji)栽(zai)種(zhong)(zhong)樹木時，為了(le)有(you)(you)效提(ti)升冬季(ji)樹木栽(zai)種(zhong)(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)成活率，園(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)林綠(lv)(lv)(lv)化建設單位應(ying)(ying)該根(gen)據(ju)本地(di)區(qu)的(de)(de)(de)植(zhi)被(bei)生長的(de)(de)(de)實(shi)際(ji)情況，選擇適(shi)當的(de)(de)(de)時段栽(zai)種(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi)被(bei)，提(ti)高(gao)植(zhi)被(bei)適(shi)應(ying)(ying)能力。其次，反(fan)季(ji)節(jie)(jie)種(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi)技(ji)術應(ying)(ying)用(yong)效果差。園(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)林綠(lv)(lv)(lv)化建設部(bu)門經(jing)過(guo)長期(qi)研究發現，雖(sui)然我國(guo)很(hen)多城市已經(jing)加大(da)了(le)園(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)林綠(lv)(lv)(lv)化建設中反(fan)季(ji)節(jie)(jie)種(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi)技(ji)術的(de)(de)(de)應(ying)(ying)用(yong)，但(dan)是由(you)于反(fan)季(ji)節(jie)(jie)種(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi)技(ji)術對(dui)技(ji)術人員個(ge)人能力要(yao)求極(ji)高(gao)，操作不當就會降低(di)植(zhi)物的(de)(de)(de)成活率。

1.2意義

園(yuan)(yuan)林(lin)(lin)(lin)(lin)綠(lv)(lv)(lv)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)建(jian)(jian)設(she)(she)是生(sheng)態(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)城(cheng)市(shi)(shi)(shi)建(jian)(jian)設(she)(she)和發(fa)展(zhan)的(de)(de)關鍵，相(xiang)關部(bu)門在(zai)生(sheng)態(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)城(cheng)市(shi)(shi)(shi)建(jian)(jian)設(she)(she)過程(cheng)中不僅要做好園(yuan)(yuan)林(lin)(lin)(lin)(lin)綠(lv)(lv)(lv)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)項目(mu)規劃(hua)設(she)(she)計的(de)(de)相(xiang)關工(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)，而且還(huan)應采取措施(shi)(shi)保(bao)證園(yuan)(yuan)林(lin)(lin)(lin)(lin)綠(lv)(lv)(lv)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)設(she)(she)計方(fang)案的(de)(de)有效(xiao)落(luo)實(shi)，促進(jin)城(cheng)市(shi)(shi)(shi)綠(lv)(lv)(lv)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)效(xiao)果的(de)(de)有效(xiao)提(ti)(ti)(ti)升。園(yuan)(yuan)林(lin)(lin)(lin)(lin)綠(lv)(lv)(lv)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)部(bu)門在(zai)開(kai)展(zhan)園(yuan)(yuan)林(lin)(lin)(lin)(lin)綠(lv)(lv)(lv)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)建(jian)(jian)設(she)(she)時，應該將苗(miao)木(mu)移栽(zai)、養護、后續管(guan)理等相(xiang)關工(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)緊密融(rong)合(he)(he)在(zai)一(yi)起，優化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)苗(miao)木(mu)移栽(zai)技術和管(guan)理手(shou)段(duan)，提(ti)(ti)(ti)高(gao)苗(miao)木(mu)成(cheng)活率，保(bao)證園(yuan)(yuan)林(lin)(lin)(lin)(lin)綠(lv)(lv)(lv)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)項目(mu)建(jian)(jian)設(she)(she)的(de)(de)質量，為(wei)建(jian)(jian)設(she)(she)生(sheng)態(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)城(cheng)市(shi)(shi)(shi)奠定堅實(shi)的(de)(de)基(ji)礎。生(sheng)態(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)城(cheng)市(shi)(shi)(shi)建(jian)(jian)設(she)(she)中的(de)(de)園(yuan)(yuan)林(lin)(lin)(lin)(lin)綠(lv)(lv)(lv)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)建(jian)(jian)設(she)(she)具(ju)有的(de)(de)現實(shi)意義體現在(zai)以下(xia)幾(ji)方(fang)面(mian)(mian)：第一(yi)，提(ti)(ti)(ti)升城(cheng)市(shi)(shi)(shi)綠(lv)(lv)(lv)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)品(pin)味(wei)。相(xiang)關部(bu)門在(zai)開(kai)展(zhan)生(sheng)態(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)城(cheng)市(shi)(shi)(shi)建(jian)(jian)設(she)(she)工(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)時，應該從設(she)(she)計環(huan)(huan)節著手(shou)做好園(yuan)(yuan)林(lin)(lin)(lin)(lin)綠(lv)(lv)(lv)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)布置的(de)(de)協調性，在(zai)園(yuan)(yuan)林(lin)(lin)(lin)(lin)綠(lv)(lv)(lv)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)建(jian)(jian)設(she)(she)中融(rong)入更(geng)多先進(jin)的(de)(de)景(jing)觀(guan)設(she)(she)計理念，促進(jin)城(cheng)市(shi)(shi)(shi)綠(lv)(lv)(lv)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)品(pin)味(wei)的(de)(de)全面(mian)(mian)提(ti)(ti)(ti)升[1]。第二，改善(shan)城(cheng)市(shi)(shi)(shi)生(sheng)態(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)環(huan)(huan)境。綠(lv)(lv)(lv)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)植被選擇是決定園(yuan)(yuan)林(lin)(lin)(lin)(lin)綠(lv)(lv)(lv)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)效(xiao)果與苗(miao)木(mu)移栽(zai)成(cheng)活率的(de)(de)關鍵因素之(zhi)一(yi)。城(cheng)市(shi)(shi)(shi)園(yuan)(yuan)林(lin)(lin)(lin)(lin)綠(lv)(lv)(lv)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)規劃(hua)設(she)(she)計部(bu)門要充分發(fa)揮園(yuan)(yuan)林(lin)(lin)(lin)(lin)綠(lv)(lv)(lv)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)規劃(hua)項目(mu)的(de)(de)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)用，改善(shan)和優化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)城(cheng)市(shi)(shi)(shi)生(sheng)態(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)環(huan)(huan)境，為(wei)廣(guang)大城(cheng)市(shi)(shi)(shi)居(ju)民(min)營(ying)造(zao)舒適的(de)(de)生(sheng)活和居(ju)住環(huan)(huan)境。第三(san)，提(ti)(ti)(ti)升城(cheng)市(shi)(shi)(shi)風貌(mao)。園(yuan)(yuan)林(lin)(lin)(lin)(lin)綠(lv)(lv)(lv)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)從規劃(hua)到施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)，離不開(kai)各部(bu)門的(de)(de)積極協調和配合(he)(he)，相(xiang)關部(bu)門必須采取措施(shi)(shi)提(ti)(ti)(ti)高(gao)城(cheng)市(shi)(shi)(shi)園(yuan)(yuan)林(lin)(lin)(lin)(lin)綠(lv)(lv)(lv)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)效(xiao)果，實(shi)現改善(shan)城(cheng)市(shi)(shi)(shi)風貌(mao)的(de)(de)目(mu)的(de)(de)。

２反季節種植技術的基本原則

2.1掌(zhang)握植物生長(chang)特(te)性

不同植物(wu)的(de)生(sheng)長(chang)特性各不相同，相關部門在(zai)園林綠化施工中采用反季節種(zhong)(zhong)植技術(shu)時，不僅要充分考慮植物(wu)生(sheng)長(chang)的(de)特性，而且(qie)還(huan)應根據本地區的(de)土壤(rang)濕度、土壤(rang)酸堿度、微量(liang)(liang)元(yuan)素含量(liang)(liang)、空氣(qi)(qi)濕度、氧氣(qi)(qi)含量(liang)(liang)等環境(jing)因素完(wan)善反季節種(zhong)(zhong)植技術(shu)，提高園林植物(wu)栽種(zhong)(zhong)成活率[2]。

2.2適應(ying)性(xing)原則

園(yuan)林(lin)綠(lv)化(hua)(hua)施(shi)工單位(wei)在采用(yong)反季(ji)節(jie)種植技(ji)術(shu)(shu)時(shi)，要做好(hao)植被種植地點、時(shi)間的(de)(de)規(gui)劃工作。園(yuan)林(lin)綠(lv)化(hua)(hua)施(shi)工單位(wei)應該(gai)充分重(zhong)視(shi)園(yuan)林(lin)綠(lv)化(hua)(hua)施(shi)工對(dui)周邊(bian)居(ju)民正常生(sheng)活(huo)產(chan)生(sheng)的(de)(de)不利影響，合理(li)應用(yong)先進施(shi)工技(ji)術(shu)(shu)手(shou)段(duan)和設備，降低園(yuan)林(lin)綠(lv)化(hua)(hua)工程施(shi)工對(dui)周邊(bian)居(ju)民生(sheng)活(huo)產(chan)生(sheng)的(de)(de)影響，保證園(yuan)林(lin)綠(lv)化(hua)(hua)工程建(jian)設的(de)(de)順利進行。

３反季節種植技術的應用

3.1做好前期準備(bei)工作

土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)壤(rang)(rang)(rang)(rang)分(fen)析(xi)(xi)與處理(li)(li)工(gong)(gong)作(zuo)是園(yuan)(yuan)林(lin)(lin)綠(lv)(lv)化建(jian)(jian)設的(de)(de)(de)重要工(gong)(gong)作(zuo)內容之一，為(wei)了確保園(yuan)(yuan)林(lin)(lin)綠(lv)(lv)化工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)建(jian)(jian)設質量達到規劃設計(ji)要求(qiu)，園(yuan)(yuan)林(lin)(lin)綠(lv)(lv)化部門必須在(zai)(zai)園(yuan)(yuan)林(lin)(lin)綠(lv)(lv)化工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)建(jian)(jian)設前(qian)做好(hao)以下幾方面的(de)(de)(de)工(gong)(gong)作(zuo)。首先(xian)，合理(li)(li)調整(zheng)(zheng)土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)壤(rang)(rang)(rang)(rang)厚(hou)度(du)(du)(du)。土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)壤(rang)(rang)(rang)(rang)厚(hou)度(du)(du)(du)與所(suo)要栽(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)植(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)苗(miao)木(mu)高(gao)低成正比例關系，工(gong)(gong)作(zuo)人員必須在(zai)(zai)園(yuan)(yuan)林(lin)(lin)綠(lv)(lv)化建(jian)(jian)設開始(shi)前(qian)，嚴格按(an)照所(suo)要栽(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)植(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)苗(miao)木(mu)種類調整(zheng)(zheng)土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)壤(rang)(rang)(rang)(rang)的(de)(de)(de)厚(hou)度(du)(du)(du)，將(jiang)土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)壤(rang)(rang)(rang)(rang)厚(hou)度(du)(du)(du)控(kong)制在(zai)(zai)合理(li)(li)范圍內，為(wei)后(hou)續苗(miao)木(mu)栽(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)植(zhi)工(gong)(gong)作(zuo)的(de)(de)(de)開展做好(hao)充分(fen)準備。其次，合理(li)(li)調控(kong)土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)壤(rang)(rang)(rang)(rang)酸堿(jian)度(du)(du)(du)。苗(miao)木(mu)栽(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)種前(qian)分(fen)析(xi)(xi)栽(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)種區(qu)(qu)域土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)壤(rang)(rang)(rang)(rang)酸堿(jian)度(du)(du)(du)是否與苗(miao)木(mu)特(te)性相互(hu)匹配，如果發現(xian)兩者(zhe)不匹配，必須采取(qu)有效(xiao)措施(shi)調整(zheng)(zheng)土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)壤(rang)(rang)(rang)(rang)酸堿(jian)度(du)(du)(du)[3]。最后(hou)，平(ping)整(zheng)(zheng)土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)地(di)。在(zai)(zai)苗(miao)木(mu)栽(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)種開始(shi)前(qian)及時清理(li)(li)栽(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)種區(qu)(qu)域的(de)(de)(de)雜草和(he)雜物，使土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)壤(rang)(rang)(rang)(rang)保持松軟，為(wei)后(hou)續栽(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)種苗(miao)木(mu)奠定基礎。在(zai)(zai)苗(miao)木(mu)栽(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)種前(qian)，嚴格按(an)照園(yuan)(yuan)林(lin)(lin)綠(lv)(lv)化建(jian)(jian)設的(de)(de)(de)要求(qiu)，做好(hao)園(yuan)(yuan)林(lin)(lin)建(jian)(jian)設區(qu)(qu)域地(di)質信息與氣(qi)候條件的(de)(de)(de)分(fen)析(xi)(xi)工(gong)(gong)作(zuo)，根據(ju)本地(di)區(qu)(qu)氣(qi)候環境的(de)(de)(de)規律和(he)特(te)點，制定科學合理(li)(li)的(de)(de)(de)苗(miao)木(mu)栽(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)種方案，有效(xiao)降低反季(ji)節苗(miao)木(mu)栽(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)種風險。

3.2植物品(pin)種選(xuan)擇

園(yuan)林(lin)(lin)綠(lv)化(hua)(hua)工(gong)(gong)程施工(gong)(gong)中(zhong)，植物(wu)株型與品(pin)(pin)種選(xuan)(xuan)擇的(de)(de)合理(li)與否是決定(ding)園(yuan)林(lin)(lin)綠(lv)化(hua)(hua)建(jian)(jian)設(she)效(xiao)果(guo)的(de)(de)關(guan)鍵(jian)因素。如果(guo)園(yuan)林(lin)(lin)綠(lv)化(hua)(hua)部(bu)門種植的(de)(de)反(fan)季節苗(miao)(miao)木(mu)規格較大，必(bi)須(xu)選(xuan)(xuan)擇帶土栽(zai)(zai)種方式，并且(qie)要制定(ding)科學(xue)合理(li)的(de)(de)反(fan)季節苗(miao)(miao)木(mu)運(yun)輸(shu)管理(li)方案，避免因為苗(miao)(miao)木(mu)運(yun)輸(shu)過程中(zhong)根基受到損傷，影響(xiang)苗(miao)(miao)木(mu)栽(zai)(zai)植的(de)(de)成(cheng)活率[4]。苗(miao)(miao)木(mu)種植后(hou)做好(hao)后(hou)期的(de)(de)修剪工(gong)(gong)作，才能(neng)達(da)到有(you)效(xiao)提升(sheng)苗(miao)(miao)木(mu)種植成(cheng)活率的(de)(de)目的(de)(de)。園(yuan)林(lin)(lin)綠(lv)化(hua)(hua)建(jian)(jian)設(she)中(zhong)采用反(fan)季節種植技術(shu)時，氣(qi)候條件(jian)對幼(you)(you)苗(miao)(miao)的(de)(de)成(cheng)活率有(you)著決定(ding)性影響(xiang)，所(suo)以工(gong)(gong)作人(ren)員必(bi)須(xu)加(jia)大幼(you)(you)苗(miao)(miao)管理(li)工(gong)(gong)作的(de)(de)力(li)度，選(xuan)(xuan)擇栽(zai)(zai)種抗病能(neng)力(li)強(qiang)的(de)(de)幼(you)(you)苗(miao)(miao)品(pin)(pin)種，以確保園(yuan)林(lin)(lin)綠(lv)化(hua)(hua)建(jian)(jian)設(she)工(gong)(gong)作的(de)(de)順(shun)利(li)有(you)序開展。

3.3樹苗挖取

樹(shu)木(mu)主要是通過(guo)根(gen)(gen)(gen)莖(jing)吸收(shou)生(sheng)長(chang)所(suo)需(xu)的(de)(de)養(yang)分，工作(zuo)人(ren)員在(zai)挖(wa)取樹(shu)木(mu)幼苗時，不僅(jin)要保證幼苗根(gen)(gen)(gen)系的(de)(de)完整性，而且還應(ying)攜(xie)帶相(xiang)應(ying)的(de)(de)土體，保證栽(zai)種(zhong)后幼苗可(ke)以正常(chang)吸收(shou)養(yang)分和水分，提高(gao)樹(shu)木(mu)栽(zai)植的(de)(de)成活(huo)(huo)率。第一，相(xiang)關部門在(zai)園林綠化規劃(hua)設(she)計環節(jie)，必(bi)須嚴格(ge)按(an)照園林綠化項目(mu)建設(she)的(de)(de)要求，加大本(ben)地苗木(mu)、馴化苗木(mu)以及適(shi)應(ying)能力(li)較強苗木(mu)的(de)(de)種(zhong)植數(shu)量(liang)。第二(er)，重視苗木(mu)的(de)(de)斷(duan)根(gen)(gen)(gen)處理。由于過(guo)度(du)進行苗木(mu)根(gen)(gen)(gen)部修剪會導致(zhi)苗木(mu)出現吸水困難的(de)(de)情況(kuang)，所(suo)以工作(zuo)人(ren)員必(bi)須在(zai)苗木(mu)起苗過(guo)程中(zhong)，采取有效措(cuo)施保證苗木(mu)根(gen)(gen)(gen)部，避免苗木(mu)因斷(duan)根(gen)(gen)(gen)不當(dang)而影響成活(huo)(huo)率。

3.4苗木運輸

幼苗(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)裝載運(yun)輸(shu)前，工(gong)(gong)作人員(yuan)應(ying)該先使用草袋包裹樹(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)干與(yu)樹(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)根(gen)(gen)，避免(mian)樹(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)木根(gen)(gen)系土(tu)壤與(yu)其中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)的(de)生根(gen)(gen)粉(fen)在運(yun)輸(shu)過(guo)(guo)程中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)出現(xian)掉落的(de)情況，影(ying)響樹(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)木栽植(zhi)后的(de)成活(huo)率(lv)。為了減少運(yun)輸(shu)過(guo)(guo)程中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)樹(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)苗(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)內部水(shui)(shui)分的(de)蒸(zheng)發量，工(gong)(gong)作人員(yuan)在樹(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)苗(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)裝載運(yun)輸(shu)前應(ying)在樹(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)苗(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)表(biao)面噴灑水(shui)(shui)，按照順(shun)序將樹(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)苗(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)排列在一(yi)起，然后將樹(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)苗(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)牢(lao)牢(lao)綁(bang)扎在一(yi)起[5]。此外，樹(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)苗(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)運(yun)抵(di)栽種(zhong)(zhong)現(xian)場(chang)后，工(gong)(gong)作人員(yuan)應(ying)盡快完成樹(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)苗(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)的(de)移(yi)植(zhi)工(gong)(gong)作，避免(mian)樹(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)苗(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)在栽種(zhong)(zhong)場(chang)地(di)過(guo)(guo)夜出現(xian)養(yang)分和(he)水(shui)(shui)分流失(shi)的(de)問題(ti)，影(ying)響樹(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)木栽種(zhong)(zhong)成活(huo)率(lv)。

3.5樹苗修剪

科學修(xiu)(xiu)剪(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)樹(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)苗(miao)(miao)能減少(shao)樹(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)木(mu)(mu)生(sheng)(sheng)長(chang)過(guo)程中的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)養分(fen)流失(shi)。園林(lin)綠(lv)化建設單位在(zai)(zai)(zai)采(cai)用反(fan)季節種植技術(shu)時(shi)，應(ying)該嚴格的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)按照(zhao)操作(zuo)(zuo)規范和要(yao)求，修(xiu)(xiu)剪(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)樹(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)苗(miao)(miao)，在(zai)(zai)(zai)樹(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)苗(miao)(miao)修(xiu)(xiu)剪(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)完成后(hou)及時(shi)處理修(xiu)(xiu)剪(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)殘枝(zhi)敗葉。通過(guo)在(zai)(zai)(zai)修(xiu)(xiu)剪(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)完的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)樹(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)苗(miao)(miao)傷口處綁扎(zha)塑料(liao)袋或涂抹油(you)漆等方式(shi)，降低(di)樹(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)苗(miao)(miao)移栽(zai)(zai)后(hou)水分(fen)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)流失(shi)率，保證移栽(zai)(zai)樹(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)苗(miao)(miao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)健康生(sheng)(sheng)長(chang)，有(you)效提(ti)升樹(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)苗(miao)(miao)成活(huo)率。苗(miao)(miao)木(mu)(mu)修(xiu)(xiu)剪(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)需注(zhu)意以(yi)下方面：首先要(yao)進行苗(miao)(miao)木(mu)(mu)栽(zai)(zai)種前(qian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)根系(xi)修(xiu)(xiu)剪(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)。工(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)人員(yuan)在(zai)(zai)(zai)苗(miao)(miao)木(mu)(mu)種植前(qian)，應(ying)該將劈裂(lie)根、病蟲根等剪(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)除(chu)掉，對苗(miao)(miao)木(mu)(mu)樹(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)冠(guan)(guan)合理修(xiu)(xiu)剪(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)，保證苗(miao)(miao)木(mu)(mu)在(zai)(zai)(zai)種植后(hou)地上(shang)與(yu)地下部分(fen)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)養分(fen)及水分(fen)保持平衡狀態[6]。其次，重視(shi)落(luo)葉樹(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)重度(du)修(xiu)(xiu)剪(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)。工(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)人員(yuan)在(zai)(zai)(zai)對落(luo)葉樹(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)進行修(xiu)(xiu)剪(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)時(shi)，必須要(yao)在(zai)(zai)(zai)保留生(sheng)(sheng)長(chang)枝(zhi)與(yu)萌生(sheng)(sheng)強(qiang)枝(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)基(ji)礎上(shang)，采(cai)用收縮樹(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)冠(guan)(guan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)修(xiu)(xiu)剪(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)方法，剪(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)除(chu)樹(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)冠(guan)(guan)外的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)多余枝(zhi)條，隨著(zhu)樹(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)冠(guan)(guan)內部不(bu)必要(yao)弱枝(zhi)數量(liang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)減少(shao)，苗(miao)(miao)木(mu)(mu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)生(sheng)(sheng)長(chang)狀態也越來(lai)越好(hao)。

3.6苗木種植

園(yuan)林(lin)綠(lv)化工(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)人員在苗(miao)(miao)木種植(zhi)時采取的手工(gong)挖坑洞(dong)作(zuo)(zuo)業(ye)方(fang)式(shi)，提高了回(hui)填過(guo)程(cheng)中(zhong)土壤再(zai)次結合的效率。這種方(fang)法需(xu)要投入大量(liang)的時間(jian)和人工(gong)，才能確保(bao)樹(shu)(shu)苗(miao)(miao)種植(zhi)工(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)的順(shun)利完成。采用(yong)(yong)機械設備輔助樹(shu)(shu)苗(miao)(miao)栽(zai)(zai)植(zhi)工(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)使苗(miao)(miao)根(gen)(gen)部出(chu)現(xian)空洞(dong)過(guo)大的情況(kuang)，影響樹(shu)(shu)苗(miao)(miao)根(gen)(gen)系的生長，導致樹(shu)(shu)苗(miao)(miao)成活率下降。此外，園(yuan)林(lin)綠(lv)化單位在冬季(ji)作(zuo)(zuo)業(ye)時，應該(gai)采用(yong)(yong)保(bao)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)塑料包裹樹(shu)(shu)苗(miao)(miao)根(gen)(gen)部，避(bi)免因為(wei)環境溫(wen)(wen)(wen)度過(guo)低，導致樹(shu)(shu)苗(miao)(miao)出(chu)現(xian)凍壞或凍死(si)的情況(kuang)。在夏季(ji)作(zuo)(zuo)業(ye)時，應該(gai)選擇最佳時間(jian)節點，開展樹(shu)(shu)苗(miao)(miao)的栽(zai)(zai)植(zhi)工(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)，避(bi)免在中(zhong)午高溫(wen)(wen)(wen)環境下施工(gong)，導致樹(shu)(shu)苗(miao)(miao)水分消耗(hao)過(guo)大，出(chu)現(xian)脫(tuo)水死(si)亡的情況(kuang)。

3.7后期(qi)管理和養護(hu)

園林(lin)綠化(hua)單位在完(wan)成樹(shu)(shu)(shu)苗(miao)(miao)(miao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)反(fan)季(ji)(ji)節(jie)(jie)栽(zai)(zai)種(zhong)后(hou)，工(gong)作(zuo)人(ren)員(yuan)應(ying)該根據樹(shu)(shu)(shu)苗(miao)(miao)(miao)生(sheng)長(chang)(chang)(chang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)特點和要求(qiu)，制定完(wan)善(shan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)樹(shu)(shu)(shu)苗(miao)(miao)(miao)后(hou)期(qi)管理(li)與養護(hu)方案，提(ti)升樹(shu)(shu)(shu)苗(miao)(miao)(miao)栽(zai)(zai)植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)成活(huo)率(lv)。首先，苗(miao)(miao)(miao)木(mu)支撐。由于(yu)采用反(fan)季(ji)(ji)節(jie)(jie)種(zhong)植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)技術(shu)(shu)栽(zai)(zai)種(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)苗(miao)(miao)(miao)木(mu)在生(sheng)長(chang)(chang)(chang)過(guo)程(cheng)中不(bu)可避(bi)免(mian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)會受到(dao)氣(qi)候變化(hua)等(deng)因素的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)影(ying)(ying)響(xiang)，導致其生(sheng)長(chang)(chang)(chang)狀況比較差。所以，工(gong)作(zuo)人(ren)員(yuan)必(bi)(bi)須在樹(shu)(shu)(shu)苗(miao)(miao)(miao)栽(zai)(zai)種(zhong)后(hou)，選(xuan)擇(ze)(ze)合(he)(he)(he)適的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)支撐材(cai)料，做(zuo)好樹(shu)(shu)(shu)苗(miao)(miao)(miao)支撐工(gong)作(zuo)，確(que)保(bao)樹(shu)(shu)(shu)苗(miao)(miao)(miao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)健(jian)康生(sheng)長(chang)(chang)(chang)。其次，病蟲害防(fang)治。一(yi)旦發現(xian)苗(miao)(miao)(miao)木(mu)栽(zai)(zai)植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)后(hou)出現(xian)病蟲害，必(bi)(bi)須及時通過(guo)修剪苗(miao)(miao)(miao)木(mu)、噴灑藥(yao)(yao)劑等(deng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)方式(shi)進(jin)行處理(li)，既要剪掉(diao)發病的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)樹(shu)(shu)(shu)干或枝(zhi)葉，同時還(huan)應(ying)根據實際情況噴灑農藥(yao)(yao)、追加(jia)適量磷鉀肥，提(ti)高樹(shu)(shu)(shu)木(mu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)抗病能力，降低病蟲害對樹(shu)(shu)(shu)木(mu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)威脅(xie)。最(zui)后(hou)，加(jia)大反(fan)季(ji)(ji)節(jie)(jie)植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)生(sheng)長(chang)(chang)(chang)過(guo)程(cheng)中的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)水(shui)分控制。嚴格(ge)按照反(fan)季(ji)(ji)節(jie)(jie)種(zhong)植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)技術(shu)(shu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)要求(qiu)，合(he)(he)(he)理(li)控制樹(shu)(shu)(shu)木(mu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)澆(jiao)水(shui)次數，選(xuan)擇(ze)(ze)最(zui)佳的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)天氣(qi)條(tiao)件開展(zhan)樹(shu)(shu)(shu)木(mu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)澆(jiao)水(shui)工(gong)作(zuo)，避(bi)免(mian)因為澆(jiao)水(shui)次數過(guo)多(duo)或過(guo)少，影(ying)(ying)響(xiang)樹(shu)(shu)(shu)木(mu)栽(zai)(zai)種(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)成活(huo)率(lv)。園林(lin)綠化(hua)部門在開展(zhan)反(fan)季(ji)(ji)節(jie)(jie)苗(miao)(miao)(miao)木(mu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)栽(zai)(zai)種(zhong)時，必(bi)(bi)須制定科學合(he)(he)(he)理(li)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)澆(jiao)水(shui)養護(hu)方案，保(bao)證(zheng)苗(miao)(miao)(miao)木(mu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)正常生(sheng)長(chang)(chang)(chang)。很多(duo)工(gong)作(zuo)人(ren)員(yuan)因為受到(dao)專業素養不(bu)足(zu)等(deng)因素的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)影(ying)(ying)響(xiang)，導致其在栽(zai)(zai)種(zhong)反(fan)季(ji)(ji)節(jie)(jie)苗(miao)(miao)(miao)木(mu)時沒有制定合(he)(he)(he)理(li)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)方案，苗(miao)(miao)(miao)木(mu)澆(jiao)水(shui)量忽多(duo)忽少，影(ying)(ying)響(xiang)苗(miao)(miao)(miao)木(mu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)健(jian)康生(sheng)長(chang)(chang)(chang)。工(gong)作(zuo)人(ren)員(yuan)必(bi)(bi)須在反(fan)季(ji)(ji)節(jie)(jie)苗(miao)(miao)(miao)木(mu)栽(zai)(zai)種(zhong)過(guo)程(cheng)中合(he)(he)(he)理(li)處理(li)土壤板結問題(ti)，提(ti)高植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)根部透氣(qi)性，保(bao)證(zheng)植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)生(sheng)長(chang)(chang)(chang)。

４結束語

現代園(yuan)(yuan)林(lin)綠(lv)(lv)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)施(shi)工(gong)(gong)中采(cai)用(yong)(yong)的(de)反季節(jie)施(shi)工(gong)(gong)技(ji)(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)(shu)，是當前我國園(yuan)(yuan)林(lin)綠(lv)(lv)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)建設中最重(zhong)要的(de)施(shi)工(gong)(gong)技(ji)(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)(shu)之一。雖然反季節(jie)種植技(ji)(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)(shu)經過長(chang)期(qi)實踐應用(yong)(yong)已經日漸成熟，但在具體應用(yong)(yong)時依然出現了很多問題(ti)。城市園(yuan)(yuan)林(lin)綠(lv)(lv)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)單位在利(li)用(yong)(yong)反季節(jie)種植技(ji)(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)(shu)建設園(yuan)(yuan)林(lin)綠(lv)(lv)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)工(gong)(gong)程時，要準確把握工(gong)(gong)程施(shi)工(gong)(gong)的(de)關(guan)鍵技(ji)(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)(shu)節(jie)點，認(ren)真學習(xi)和應用(yong)(yong)先進專業技(ji)(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)(shu)手段，優化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)現有(you)施(shi)工(gong)(gong)技(ji)(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)(shu)，提(ti)高園(yuan)(yuan)林(lin)綠(lv)(lv)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)施(shi)工(gong)(gong)的(de)效(xiao)益。

參考文獻

[1]王薇.園林綠(lv)化施工中反季節種植技術探討(tao)[J].黑龍江科學，2021，12（16）：138-139.

[2]程士榛.園(yuan)林施(shi)工(gong)中的(de)反季節(jie)種植技術淺談[J].居舍，2021（22）：100-101.

[3]李剛偉.園林綠化施工中的(de)反季(ji)種(zhong)植技術(shu)要點分析[J].智(zhi)能城市(shi)，2021，（7）13：30-31.

[4]王瑞(rui)軍.反(fan)季節(jie)種植在園林綠化施(shi)工(gong)中的技(ji)術與(yu)管理[J].種子科(ke)技(ji)，2020，38（22）：61-62.

[5]申達鋒，劉超.反(fan)季節種植(zhi)技術在市政園林(lin)綠化施(shi)工中(zhong)的應用[J].湖北(bei)農機(ji)化，2020（18）：74-75.

[6]方(fang)潔(jie).反季節種(zhong)植(zhi)技術在園(yuan)林施工中的應用探究[J].南方(fang)農(nong)業，2020，14（17）：48+50.

作者(zhe)：杜雙駒 單位：甘肅(su)省靜寧縣園林綠化所