導語：住宅現場施工技術(shu)與安(an)全(quan)風險管理對策(ce)一文(wen)來源于網友上(shang)傳，不代表(biao)本站觀點，若(ruo)需要原(yuan)創文(wen)章可咨詢客服老師，歡迎參考。

摘要：在我國現代建筑工程行業快速發展的背景下，建筑工程施工技術水平不斷提升，其中預制裝配式施工模式取得廣泛應用。在預制裝配式住宅現場施工過程中，必須做好施工技術管理工作，通過科學的施工技術強化住宅工程施工質量，并采用完善的安全風險管理(li)方(fang)法(fa)，避免出現安全事故，是對住宅工(gong)程施工(gong)的具體要求。

關鍵詞：預制裝配式；施工技術；安全風險；管理對策

預制(zhi)裝配(pei)式是一種科(ke)學的(de)施(shi)工(gong)(gong)模(mo)式，相比(bi)于(yu)傳統的(de)施(shi)工(gong)(gong)技(ji)術(shu)方案而言，采(cai)用(yong)預制(zhi)裝配(pei)式施(shi)工(gong)(gong)方法，不(bu)僅能(neng)(neng)(neng)夠提升住(zhu)宅(zhai)(zhai)工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)施(shi)工(gong)(gong)效(xiao)率，同(tong)時能(neng)(neng)(neng)夠促(cu)進(jin)工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)質量提升，最為重(zhong)要的(de)是能(neng)(neng)(neng)夠形成標準化(hua)的(de)施(shi)工(gong)(gong)模(mo)式，以此(ci)方式能(neng)(neng)(neng)夠全面提升住(zhu)宅(zhai)(zhai)工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)施(shi)工(gong)(gong)效(xiao)率。但是預制(zhi)裝配(pei)式住(zhu)宅(zhai)(zhai)工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)對于(yu)施(shi)工(gong)(gong)技(ji)術(shu)要求較高，且現場存在(zai)著一定的(de)風險(xian)隱患(huan)，需要對施(shi)工(gong)(gong)技(ji)術(shu)與(yu)(yu)安全管理模(mo)式進(jin)行優化(hua)與(yu)(yu)調整，才能(neng)(neng)(neng)夠確(que)保住(zhu)宅(zhai)(zhai)工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)綜合(he)建設(she)質量。

１預制裝配式住宅工程模式概述

預(yu)(yu)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)裝(zhuang)配(pei)式住(zhu)(zhu)宅(zhai)(zhai)是指采(cai)用預(yu)(yu)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)構(gou)(gou)件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)的(de)施(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)模式，與(yu)傳統的(de)施(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)模式相比(bi)，預(yu)(yu)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)裝(zhuang)配(pei)式住(zhu)(zhu)宅(zhai)(zhai)施(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)所(suo)(suo)需(xu)(xu)要(yao)(yao)的(de)預(yu)(yu)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)構(gou)(gou)件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)在(zai)(zai)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)廠(chang)內完成制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)作，現(xian)場(chang)主要(yao)(yao)施(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)為將(jiang)預(yu)(yu)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)構(gou)(gou)件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)按照相應的(de)設計方案進(jin)行拼接(jie)，所(suo)(suo)以(yi)能(neng)夠(gou)減(jian)少現(xian)場(chang)作業總量，比(bi)如門(men)窗(chuang)預(yu)(yu)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)構(gou)(gou)件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)、樓板預(yu)(yu)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)構(gou)(gou)件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)以(yi)及(ji)(ji)樓梯預(yu)(yu)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)構(gou)(gou)件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)等，都(dou)在(zai)(zai)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)廠(chang)內依(yi)據標準化規定完成制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)作，在(zai)(zai)現(xian)場(chang)主要(yao)(yao)是對各(ge)項構(gou)(gou)件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)的(de)吊(diao)裝(zhuang)與(yu)拼接(jie)，使其(qi)構(gou)(gou)成住(zhu)(zhu)宅(zhai)(zhai)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)結(jie)構(gou)(gou)。預(yu)(yu)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)裝(zhuang)配(pei)式住(zhu)(zhu)宅(zhai)(zhai)施(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)模式能(neng)夠(gou)提(ti)(ti)升施(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)效率，還(huan)能(neng)夠(gou)提(ti)(ti)高工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)經濟(ji)效益，但是因為與(yu)傳統的(de)框架(jia)施(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)等模式具有較大差異(yi)，所(suo)(suo)以(yi)對于(yu)施(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)技術的(de)要(yao)(yao)求有所(suo)(suo)不同，需(xu)(xu)要(yao)(yao)采(cai)用針對性的(de)施(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)技術，才能(neng)夠(gou)保證(zheng)預(yu)(yu)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)裝(zhuang)配(pei)式住(zhu)(zhu)宅(zhai)(zhai)施(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)效果。預(yu)(yu)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)裝(zhuang)配(pei)式施(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)模式因其(qi)獨(du)特的(de)技術優勢，已經成為現(xian)代建(jian)筑(zhu)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)中(zhong)(zhong)的(de)主流施(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)模式。在(zai)(zai)預(yu)(yu)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)裝(zhuang)配(pei)式住(zhu)(zhu)宅(zhai)(zhai)現(xian)場(chang)施(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)過程(cheng)中(zhong)(zhong)，需(xu)(xu)要(yao)(yao)做(zuo)好工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)風(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)險(xian)(xian)(xian)管(guan)理(li)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作，需(xu)(xu)要(yao)(yao)對預(yu)(yu)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)裝(zhuang)配(pei)式住(zhu)(zhu)宅(zhai)(zhai)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)中(zhong)(zhong)存在(zai)(zai)的(de)風(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)險(xian)(xian)(xian)進(jin)行識別、分(fen)析以(yi)及(ji)(ji)評價(jia)，并依(yi)據風(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)險(xian)(xian)(xian)分(fen)析結(jie)果采(cai)用相應的(de)風(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)險(xian)(xian)(xian)管(guan)理(li)辦法，對工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)風(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)險(xian)(xian)(xian)進(jin)行控制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)與(yu)預(yu)(yu)防，或降低(di)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)風(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)險(xian)(xian)(xian)造成的(de)后(hou)果嚴重(zhong)程(cheng)度，是預(yu)(yu)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)裝(zhuang)配(pei)式住(zhu)(zhu)宅(zhai)(zhai)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)一項重(zhong)要(yao)(yao)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作，必須依(yi)據預(yu)(yu)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)裝(zhuang)配(pei)式住(zhu)(zhu)宅(zhai)(zhai)的(de)實際情況，掌握可能(neng)存在(zai)(zai)的(de)風(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)險(xian)(xian)(xian)類型，從而對風(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)險(xian)(xian)(xian)管(guan)理(li)方案進(jin)行優化，通過合(he)理(li)的(de)現(xian)場(chang)施(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)技術優化，全面降低(di)風(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)險(xian)(xian)(xian)發生率，保證(zheng)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)定的(de)風(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)險(xian)(xian)(xian)管(guan)理(li)方案能(neng)夠(gou)滿(man)足預(yu)(yu)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)裝(zhuang)配(pei)式住(zhu)(zhu)宅(zhai)(zhai)實際需(xu)(xu)求，是提(ti)(ti)升安(an)全施(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)水平的(de)重(zhong)要(yao)(yao)方式。

２預制裝配式住宅施工安全風險類型分析

２．１預(yu)制構件裝(zhuang)運施工風險分析

在(zai)預(yu)制(zhi)(zhi)裝(zhuang)配(pei)式住宅工(gong)程(cheng)的(de)現(xian)場(chang)施工(gong)中，最為(wei)(wei)常見(jian)的(de)一(yi)項安全風險(xian)(xian)為(wei)(wei)預(yu)制(zhi)(zhi)構(gou)(gou)件(jian)(jian)裝(zhuang)運風險(xian)(xian)，預(yu)制(zhi)(zhi)構(gou)(gou)件(jian)(jian)是依(yi)據住宅工(gong)程(cheng)設(she)計要(yao)求在(zai)工(gong)廠內完成(cheng)加(jia)(jia)工(gong)與制(zhi)(zhi)作的(de)標準化(hua)配(pei)件(jian)(jian)，主(zhu)要(yao)類(lei)型為(wei)(wei)混凝(ning)土構(gou)(gou)件(jian)(jian)。由于預(yu)制(zhi)(zhi)構(gou)(gou)件(jian)(jian)具有較大的(de)重量，且(qie)體積較大，對于裝(zhuang)運具有較高的(de)要(yao)求，在(zai)裝(zhuang)運過(guo)程(cheng)中需要(yao)采用起重機(ji)以及(ji)吊(diao)裝(zhuang)設(she)備(bei)等(deng)，這(zhe)就會增(zeng)加(jia)(jia)現(xian)場(chang)施工(gong)風險(xian)(xian)，比如預(yu)制(zhi)(zhi)構(gou)(gou)件(jian)(jian)裝(zhuang)運以及(ji)起重掉落(luo)；預(yu)制(zhi)(zhi)構(gou)(gou)件(jian)(jian)在(zai)裝(zhuang)運過(guo)程(cheng)中，對于施工(gong)環境具有一(yi)定的(de)特殊要(yao)求，起重機(ji)等(deng)需要(yao)充足空(kong)間回(hui)轉，還需要(yao)完成(cheng)距離變(bian)幅，預(yu)制(zhi)(zhi)裝(zhuang)配(pei)式住宅現(xian)場(chang)人(ren)員走動(dong)以及(ji)設(she)備(bei)操作等(deng)就會面臨(lin)相應的(de)風險(xian)(xian)問題，所以需要(yao)做好(hao)預(yu)制(zhi)(zhi)構(gou)(gou)件(jian)(jian)裝(zhuang)運過(guo)程(cheng)中的(de)風險(xian)(xian)控制(zhi)(zhi)工(gong)作。

２．２預制構(gou)件拼(pin)接風險分析

預制裝(zhuang)(zhuang)配式住(zhu)宅工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)需要(yao)將零散的預制構件(jian)進行拼接(jie)(jie)(jie)，使其構成住(zhu)宅建筑的結構整體，拼接(jie)(jie)(jie)施(shi)工(gong)(gong)與(yu)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)運環節(jie)具有(you)緊密聯(lian)系，部分操作需要(yao)重(zhong)(zhong)復(fu)完(wan)成，但是(shi)在(zai)拼接(jie)(jie)(jie)過程(cheng)(cheng)中(zhong)卻存在(zai)著更多的風(feng)險(xian)問(wen)題(ti)。例如，在(zai)預制構件(jian)現(xian)(xian)(xian)場(chang)拼接(jie)(jie)(jie)過程(cheng)(cheng)中(zhong)，需要(yao)預留預制構件(jian)施(shi)工(gong)(gong)位(wei)置(zhi)以及起重(zhong)(zhong)機(ji)吊鉤位(wei)置(zhi)，但是(shi)由于施(shi)工(gong)(gong)現(xian)(xian)(xian)場(chang)往往較(jiao)為復(fu)雜，容易(yi)出現(xian)(xian)(xian)構件(jian)不(bu)合理導致(zhi)的反復(fu)拔(ba)出調整施(shi)工(gong)(gong)，從而(er)會增加構件(jian)掉落砸(za)傷施(shi)工(gong)(gong)人員(yuan)或其他(ta)設備(bei)的風(feng)險(xian)；由于預制構件(jian)拼接(jie)(jie)(jie)對于起重(zhong)(zhong)機(ji)設備(bei)的依(yi)賴程(cheng)(cheng)度較(jiao)高，在(zai)起重(zhong)(zhong)機(ji)長時間作業的情況下，容易(yi)出現(xian)(xian)(xian)操作失誤等風(feng)險(xian)問(wen)題(ti)，且起重(zhong)(zhong)機(ji)設備(bei)自(zi)身也容易(yi)出現(xian)(xian)(xian)故障問(wen)題(ti)，從而(er)導致(zhi)施(shi)工(gong)(gong)風(feng)險(xian)問(wen)題(ti)發生，是(shi)當前預制裝(zhuang)(zhuang)配式住(zhu)宅工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)中(zhong)存在(zai)的主要(yao)施(shi)工(gong)(gong)風(feng)險(xian)問(wen)題(ti)。

２．３預(yu)制構件臨邊掉(diao)落(luo)風險(xian)分析

在(zai)預(yu)(yu)制(zhi)裝配式住宅(zhai)工(gong)程(cheng)現場施(shi)(shi)工(gong)過程(cheng)中，預(yu)(yu)制(zhi)構(gou)件臨(lin)(lin)邊(bian)墜落(luo)是最為常見的(de)一項施(shi)(shi)工(gong)風險問題(ti)。現代預(yu)(yu)制(zhi)裝配式住宅(zhai)工(gong)程(cheng)的(de)高度較高，預(yu)(yu)制(zhi)裝配式住宅(zhai)外(wai)(wai)墻大(da)多采用預(yu)(yu)制(zhi)構(gou)件拼接的(de)施(shi)(shi)工(gong)模(mo)式，需要完成(cheng)大(da)量的(de)臨(lin)(lin)邊(bian)作(zuo)業，在(zai)高層住宅(zhai)工(gong)程(cheng)的(de)外(wai)(wai)墻施(shi)(shi)工(gong)中，如果沒有得(de)到全面管理，預(yu)(yu)制(zhi)構(gou)件就容易發生(sheng)臨(lin)(lin)邊(bian)墜落(luo)的(de)風險問題(ti)，會對(dui)處于下方的(de)施(shi)(shi)工(gong)人(ren)員(yuan)(yuan)安全造成(cheng)很大(da)威脅。同時(shi)，在(zai)工(gong)程(cheng)現場，如果施(shi)(shi)工(gong)人(ren)員(yuan)(yuan)沒有做(zuo)好(hao)安全防(fang)護工(gong)作(zuo)，會增(zeng)加臨(lin)(lin)邊(bian)墜落(luo)施(shi)(shi)工(gong)風險發生(sheng)率(lv)，所以需要做(zuo)好(hao)預(yu)(yu)制(zhi)構(gou)件臨(lin)(lin)邊(bian)墜落(luo)管理工(gong)作(zuo)。

２．４觸電風險分(fen)析(xi)

由于(yu)預(yu)制(zhi)裝(zhuang)配(pei)式(shi)(shi)住宅(zhai)工(gong)程(cheng)現場環(huan)境(jing)較為(wei)復雜，臨時電路管(guan)線等如(ru)果缺乏管(guan)理，在(zai)(zai)預(yu)制(zhi)裝(zhuang)配(pei)式(shi)(shi)住宅(zhai)現場施(shi)工(gong)作(zuo)業過程(cheng)中，很容易出現觸(chu)電風(feng)險。預(yu)制(zhi)裝(zhuang)配(pei)式(shi)(shi)住宅(zhai)現場的用電需求較高，比如(ru)照明用電、焊接(jie)用電、設(she)備用電等，存在(zai)(zai)大量的電力機械設(she)備，如(ru)果沒(mei)有(you)做好電力安全(quan)防護工(gong)作(zuo)，在(zai)(zai)施(shi)工(gong)過程(cheng)中就(jiu)容易出現觸(chu)電安全(quan)風(feng)險問(wen)題(ti)，從而導致施(shi)工(gong)人員安全(quan)無法得到保(bao)障，還會(hui)引起(qi)設(she)備故障等問(wen)題(ti)。

３預制裝配式住宅現場施工技術與安全管理有效應對策略分析

以(yi)Ｈ市某住(zhu)(zhu)宅(zhai)小區工程為例(li)，該工程采用(yong)預制裝(zhuang)配(pei)式施工方(fang)式，本次(ci)工程總建(jian)筑(zhu)面積約為２９萬(wan)平方(fang)米(mi)(mi)，其中地下建(jian)筑(zhu)面積約為２０萬(wan)平方(fang)米(mi)(mi)；包括(kuo)１棟超高層住(zhu)(zhu)宅(zhai)建(jian)筑(zhu)、６棟超層住(zhu)(zhu)宅(zhai)以(yi)及(ji)其他附屬(shu)建(jian)筑(zhu)。在該建(jian)筑(zhu)工程施工過程中，由于現場施工環境較為復雜，存在多項影響施工安(an)全(quan)以(yi)質量的因(yin)素，為了能夠能夠提高裝(zhuang)配(pei)式住(zhu)(zhu)宅(zhai)現場施工質量與安(an)全(quan)，制定了如下多項應對(dui)策略：

３．１強(qiang)化現場安全風險源識別

在(zai)(zai)預制(zhi)(zhi)裝配(pei)式住宅工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)現(xian)場中，為了能夠保證施(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)安(an)全性(xing)，首(shou)先需要(yao)做(zuo)好的(de)(de)(de)是安(an)全風險(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)源識別工(gong)(gong)(gong)作，準確掌(zhang)握工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)現(xian)場存在(zai)(zai)的(de)(de)(de)具體風險(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)問題(ti)(ti)，依據風險(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)源識別結果制(zhi)(zhi)定相應的(de)(de)(de)安(an)全管(guan)理(li)(li)(li)(li)方案，從而能夠提升(sheng)安(an)全風險(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)管(guan)理(li)(li)(li)(li)針對(dui)性(xing)。在(zai)(zai)本次工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)中，塔(ta)吊(diao)(diao)施(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)具有較(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)高(gao)危(wei)險(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)性(xing)，需要(yao)結合塔(ta)吊(diao)(diao)實際情況制(zhi)(zhi)定相應的(de)(de)(de)施(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)安(an)全管(guan)理(li)(li)(li)(li)方案。在(zai)(zai)安(an)全管(guan)理(li)(li)(li)(li)工(gong)(gong)(gong)作中，通過識別發(fa)現(xian)預制(zhi)(zhi)裝配(pei)式住宅現(xian)場存在(zai)(zai)吊(diao)(diao)裝風險(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)，主要(yao)是多機(ji)(ji)作業(ye)時(shi)容易出現(xian)碰(peng)撞風險(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)，所(suo)以(yi)為了避(bi)(bi)免該風險(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)問題(ti)(ti)發(fa)生，需要(yao)制(zhi)(zhi)定相應的(de)(de)(de)多機(ji)(ji)作業(ye)風險(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)管(guan)理(li)(li)(li)(li)基本原(yuan)則(ze)，例如高(gao)度(du)(du)較(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)低的(de)(de)(de)起(qi)(qi)(qi)重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)機(ji)(ji)需要(yao)避(bi)(bi)讓高(gao)度(du)(du)較(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)高(gao)的(de)(de)(de)起(qi)(qi)(qi)重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)機(ji)(ji)設(she)備，在(zai)(zai)轉臂(bei)前應觀察塔(ta)身高(gao)度(du)(du)較(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)高(gao)的(de)(de)(de)塔(ta)機(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)(de)運(yun)行(xing)情況后再運(yun)行(xing)；在(zai)(zai)兩起(qi)(qi)(qi)重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)機(ji)(ji)起(qi)(qi)(qi)重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)臂(bei)交叉(cha)(cha)區(qu)域(yu)(yu)內(nei)運(yun)行(xing)時(shi)，后進(jin)入該區(qu)域(yu)(yu)的(de)(de)(de)起(qi)(qi)(qi)重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)機(ji)(ji)要(yao)避(bi)(bi)讓先進(jin)入該區(qu)域(yu)(yu)的(de)(de)(de)起(qi)(qi)(qi)重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)機(ji)(ji)；在(zai)(zai)兩起(qi)(qi)(qi)重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)機(ji)(ji)起(qi)(qi)(qi)重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)臂(bei)臂(bei)交叉(cha)(cha)遇有運(yun)行(xing)時(shi)，在(zai)(zai)一起(qi)(qi)(qi)重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)機(ji)(ji)無回(hui)轉、變幅等動(dong)作時(shi)，另一進(jin)行(xing)回(hui)轉或變幅的(de)(de)(de)起(qi)(qi)(qi)重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)機(ji)(ji)應對(dui)其進(jin)行(xing)避(bi)(bi)讓；以(yi)不同(tong)單(dan)(dan)位(wei)(wei)實際工(gong)(gong)(gong)作區(qu)域(yu)(yu)劃分起(qi)(qi)(qi)重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)機(ji)(ji)工(gong)(gong)(gong)作區(qu)域(yu)(yu)時(shi)，若起(qi)(qi)(qi)重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)機(ji)(ji)起(qi)(qi)(qi)重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)臂(bei)進(jin)入非本單(dan)(dan)位(wei)(wei)工(gong)(gong)(gong)作區(qu)域(yu)(yu)時(shi)，客區(qu)域(yu)(yu)的(de)(de)(de)起(qi)(qi)(qi)重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)機(ji)(ji)要(yao)讓主區(qu)域(yu)(yu)的(de)(de)(de)起(qi)(qi)(qi)重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)機(ji)(ji)。

３．２強化預制構件安全管理

預(yu)(yu)(yu)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)構(gou)件是本(ben)次(ci)預(yu)(yu)(yu)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)裝配式住宅(zhai)(zhai)工(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)的(de)(de)主要(yao)(yao)施工(gong)材(cai)料(liao)，同時(shi)也是存在(zai)風(feng)險(xian)隱患(huan)較(jiao)多(duo)的(de)(de)一項環節，所以(yi)(yi)需(xu)要(yao)(yao)做(zuo)好預(yu)(yu)(yu)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)構(gou)件安全(quan)(quan)管(guan)理工(gong)作。由于本(ben)次(ci)工(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)預(yu)(yu)(yu)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)構(gou)件體積與(yu)質量(liang)較(jiao)大，在(zai)裝運以(yi)(yi)及(ji)(ji)拼(pin)(pin)(pin)接等(deng)(deng)過程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)中(zhong)(zhong)都(dou)容(rong)易出(chu)(chu)現(xian)安全(quan)(quan)問(wen)(wen)題，所以(yi)(yi)需(xu)要(yao)(yao)加(jia)強工(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)現(xian)場(chang)預(yu)(yu)(yu)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)構(gou)件的(de)(de)安全(quan)(quan)管(guan)理工(gong)作，依據(ju)(ju)預(yu)(yu)(yu)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)構(gou)件的(de)(de)體積、種類以(yi)(yi)及(ji)(ji)重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)量(liang)等(deng)(deng)，選(xuan)擇(ze)最為合適(shi)的(de)(de)裝運工(gong)具、起(qi)(qi)(qi)重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)工(gong)具等(deng)(deng)，確(que)保設備(bei)荷(he)載能(neng)(neng)力能(neng)(neng)夠(gou)滿足(zu)預(yu)(yu)(yu)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)構(gou)件的(de)(de)基本(ben)需(xu)求，從而(er)能(neng)(neng)夠(gou)避免在(zai)裝運以(yi)(yi)及(ji)(ji)吊裝過程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)中(zhong)(zhong)出(chu)(chu)現(xian)高空墜落等(deng)(deng)風(feng)險(xian)問(wen)(wen)題。與(yu)此同時(shi)，在(zai)預(yu)(yu)(yu)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)裝配式住宅(zhai)(zhai)工(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)現(xian)場(chang)中(zhong)(zhong)，需(xu)要(yao)(yao)做(zuo)好進(jin)(jin)度安排(pai)工(gong)作，明確(que)劃分預(yu)(yu)(yu)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)構(gou)件的(de)(de)進(jin)(jin)場(chang)順序(xu)(xu)以(yi)(yi)及(ji)(ji)施工(gong)拼(pin)(pin)(pin)接順序(xu)(xu)，從而(er)能(neng)(neng)夠(gou)減少預(yu)(yu)(yu)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)構(gou)件現(xian)場(chang)施工(gong)風(feng)險(xian)問(wen)(wen)題。例如，在(zai)對預(yu)(yu)(yu)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)構(gou)件進(jin)(jin)行拼(pin)(pin)(pin)接施工(gong)過程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)中(zhong)(zhong)，起(qi)(qi)(qi)重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)機使用過程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)中(zhong)(zhong)應合理地安排(pai)工(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)進(jin)(jin)度，保證回轉(zhuan)范圍內發(fa)生(sheng)干涉(she)的(de)(de)起(qi)(qi)(qi)重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)機在(zai)頂升加(jia)節時(shi)保持足(zu)夠(gou)的(de)(de)高度差(cha)，根據(ju)(ju)工(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)進(jin)(jin)度統一確(que)定起(qi)(qi)(qi)重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)機的(de)(de)頂升高度和到位時(shi)間(jian)，各起(qi)(qi)(qi)重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)機按照正(zheng)確(que)的(de)(de)高度、時(shi)間(jian)如期(qi)完成(cheng)頂升，不(bu)能(neng)(neng)提(ti)(ti)前或延時(shi)，從而(er)能(neng)(neng)夠(gou)提(ti)(ti)高施工(gong)安全(quan)(quan)性(xing)。

３．３強化現場施工(gong)技術安(an)全管理(li)

施(shi)工技(ji)(ji)(ji)術(shu)的(de)應用(yong)能夠(gou)直接影響(xiang)工程安(an)(an)全性，所以在本次預制裝配式工程現(xian)(xian)場(chang)(chang)管理(li)(li)過程中，必須(xu)做(zuo)(zuo)好技(ji)(ji)(ji)術(shu)安(an)(an)全管理(li)(li)工作，明確各(ge)(ge)項(xiang)施(shi)工技(ji)(ji)(ji)術(shu)容易發(fa)生的(de)安(an)(an)全隱患問題(ti)，從(cong)而采用(yong)相應的(de)管理(li)(li)方(fang)式，技(ji)(ji)(ji)術(shu)規(gui)范性與安(an)(an)全性，從(cong)而能夠(gou)有(you)效(xiao)避(bi)免(mian)多項(xiang)施(shi)工風(feng)險(xian)問題(ti)發(fa)生，切實保障現(xian)(xian)場(chang)(chang)施(shi)工安(an)(an)全性，對現(xian)(xian)場(chang)(chang)施(shi)工各(ge)(ge)個環節進行全面且有(you)效(xiao)的(de)管理(li)(li)，針對存在的(de)風(feng)險(xian)隱患問題(ti)需要科學控(kong)制，提高對現(xian)(xian)場(chang)(chang)技(ji)(ji)(ji)術(shu)風(feng)險(xian)管理(li)(li)的(de)重視程度(du)，將各(ge)(ge)種風(feng)險(xian)發(fa)生率控(kong)制在合理(li)(li)范圍內，并(bing)做(zuo)(zuo)好安(an)(an)全防(fang)(fang)護(hu)管理(li)(li)工作，加強(qiang)高層住宅臨(lin)邊(bian)墜落防(fang)(fang)護(hu)設計，確保防(fang)(fang)護(hu)方(fang)案能夠(gou)保障施(shi)工人(ren)員生命(ming)安(an)(an)全，從(cong)而能夠(gou)有(you)效(xiao)解決(jue)臨(lin)邊(bian)墜落等施(shi)工技(ji)(ji)(ji)術(shu)方(fang)面的(de)風(feng)險(xian)問題(ti)。

４結語

綜上所述，本文簡要闡述了預(yu)制(zhi)裝配(pei)式(shi)住宅施(shi)工模式(shi)的基(ji)本內涵，并對(dui)預(yu)制(zhi)裝配(pei)式(shi)工程(cheng)存(cun)在的風險隱患(huan)進行(xing)分析，最后(hou)提出了多(duo)項科學有效(xiao)的安全管(guan)理(li)應(ying)對(dui)措施(shi)，希望能(neng)夠對(dui)預(yu)制(zhi)裝配(pei)式(shi)工程(cheng)施(shi)工安全管(guan)理(li)起到一定的借(jie)鑒(jian)和幫助作用，不斷(duan)提升安全管(guan)理(li)水平。

參考文獻

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作者：王上新 吳効帥(shuai) 張超 單(dan)位：中國建筑第(di)七工(gong)程局有限公(gong)司(si)