跨族婚姻家庭語言政策調查研究
時間(jian):2022-05-13 10:39:47
導(dao)語:跨族婚(hun)姻(yin)家庭語言政策調查研究一文來(lai)源于網友上傳,不(bu)代表本站(zhan)觀(guan)點(dian),若需要原(yuan)創文章可咨詢(xun)客服老師,歡迎參考。
[摘要]文章以Spolsky的家庭語言政策理論為概念基礎,通過問卷和訪談等方法,從家庭語言意識、語言實踐和語言管理三個方面來研究云南瑞麗跨族婚姻家庭的語言政策。結果表明(ming),在語(yu)言(yan)(yan)意識方面(mian),家長最看重普(pu)通(tong)話(hua)(hua),其次(ci)是(shi)英語(yu),最后是(shi)民族語(yu)言(yan)(yan)和漢(han)語(yu)方言(yan)(yan);但(dan)在語(yu)言(yan)(yan)實(shi)踐和語(yu)言(yan)(yan)管(guan)理方面(mian),漢(han)語(yu)方言(yan)(yan)最好,其次(ci)是(shi)普(pu)通(tong)話(hua)(hua),最后是(shi)民族語(yu)和外語(yu)。綜合來看,隨著代際的出現,普(pu)通(tong)話(hua)(hua)的發展趨勢最佳,漢(han)語(yu)方言(yan)(yan)和民族語(yu)言(yan)(yan)呈現逐漸下降趨勢,英語(yu)則與這二(er)者相反。
[關鍵詞]跨(kua)族婚姻;家庭語言政(zheng)策;代際傳承
家庭是兒童自然習得母語的場所,也是語言文字自然代際傳承的最佳場所。隨著我國經濟的快速發展與城市化進程的推進,國內出現了越來越多的跨區域、跨文化、跨民族、跨語言的婚姻家庭,家庭內部的語言結構變得更加多元,也更凸顯了家庭語言政策的研究價值。筆者通過文獻研究發現,目前國內學者在討論民族語傳承時,大多認為關鍵在于學校,建議學校應增設民族語課程,國家和政府也應提供相應的師資和經費保障等。而根據Spolsky[1]的觀點,“家庭域非常重要,它是許多語言管理活動的關鍵點和最終點。希伯來語復活的關鍵是依賴了語言的自然代際傳承,而不是依賴傳統的、有限的學校語言教學”。因此,家庭語言政策研究在民族語傳承中的作用有必要做進一步探討。盡管如此,近年來仍有不少關于家庭語言政策的研究成果,有對國外較好的有關家庭語言政策的研究成果的譯著,有對家庭語言政策的理論和方法進行類探討的文章,有對國外和國內家庭語言政策的綜述文章,有對我國家庭語言政策的實證研究文章。雖然不乏對不同國別和群體對象的研究,但對特定群體,如跨族婚姻家庭學生、家庭語言政策的執行者家長等方面的研究并不多。為此,筆者根據Spolsky的語言政策理論對云南瑞麗跨族婚姻家庭的語言政策進行了調查研究。
一、理論基礎與研究設計
家(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)庭(ting)語(yu)(yu)(yu)言(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)政(zheng)策(ce)(ce)(familylanguagepolicy,FLP)作(zuo)為(wei)(wei)語(yu)(yu)(yu)言(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)政(zheng)策(ce)(ce)與(yu)(yu)規(gui)劃研(yan)(yan)(yan)究(jiu)(jiu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)一個(ge)新領(ling)域,主(zhu)要(yao)考(kao)察的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)是(shi)(shi)“在家(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)庭(ting)范圍內家(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)庭(ting)成(cheng)(cheng)員(yuan)之間(jian)與(yu)(yu)語(yu)(yu)(yu)言(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)相(xiang)關(guan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)明(ming)確(que)和(he)公(gong)開(kai)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)規(gui)劃,提供如何管(guan)理(li)、學習和(he)家(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)庭(ting)內部語(yu)(yu)(yu)言(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)協商的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)綜(zong)合研(yan)(yan)(yan)究(jiu)(jiu)”。Fishman[2]的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)“民(min)(min)族(zu)(zu)語(yu)(yu)(yu)言(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)活(huo)力理(li)論(lun)(lun)”與(yu)(yu)Spolsky[1]的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)“語(yu)(yu)(yu)言(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)管(guan)理(li)理(li)論(lun)(lun)”是(shi)(shi)家(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)庭(ting)語(yu)(yu)(yu)言(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)政(zheng)策(ce)(ce)研(yan)(yan)(yan)究(jiu)(jiu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)重要(yao)理(li)論(lun)(lun)基礎。家(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)庭(ting)語(yu)(yu)(yu)言(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)政(zheng)策(ce)(ce)主(zhu)要(yao)包括三大版塊(kuai):語(yu)(yu)(yu)言(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)意識(shi)(shi)(shi)、語(yu)(yu)(yu)言(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)實踐(jian)(jian)和(he)語(yu)(yu)(yu)言(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)管(guan)理(li)。家(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)庭(ting)語(yu)(yu)(yu)言(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)意識(shi)(shi)(shi)是(shi)(shi)指(zhi)家(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)庭(ting)成(cheng)(cheng)員(yuan)對語(yu)(yu)(yu)言(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)、語(yu)(yu)(yu)言(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)使(shi)用、語(yu)(yu)(yu)言(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)價值的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)認知;家(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)庭(ting)語(yu)(yu)(yu)言(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)實踐(jian)(jian)是(shi)(shi)指(zhi)家(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)庭(ting)成(cheng)(cheng)員(yuan)之間(jian)長(chang)(chang)(chang)期(qi)穩定的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)語(yu)(yu)(yu)言(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)使(shi)用情況;家(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)庭(ting)語(yu)(yu)(yu)言(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)管(guan)理(li)是(shi)(shi)家(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)庭(ting)成(cheng)(cheng)員(yuan)為(wei)(wei)影響和(he)干預語(yu)(yu)(yu)言(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)意識(shi)(shi)(shi)和(he)語(yu)(yu)(yu)言(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)實踐(jian)(jian)而采(cai)取的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)具體行為(wei)(wei)。三個(ge)成(cheng)(cheng)分(fen)“相(xiang)互關(guan)聯,但又獨自一體”。基于這個(ge)模型結構(gou),筆者(zhe)共計發(fa)放問(wen)(wen)卷1692份,通過(guo)篩選信(xin)息,確(que)定以(yi)其(qi)(qi)中來(lai)(lai)自跨族(zu)(zu)婚(hun)姻(yin)家(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)庭(ting)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)336位(wei)家(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)長(chang)(chang)(chang)為(wei)(wei)研(yan)(yan)(yan)究(jiu)(jiu)對象(xiang)調(diao)查其(qi)(qi)家(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)庭(ting)語(yu)(yu)(yu)言(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)政(zheng)策(ce)(ce)。其(qi)(qi)中母親218人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren),父親106人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren),祖孫0人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren),其(qi)(qi)他(ta)(ta)親屬關(guan)系12人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren);按(an)民(min)(min)族(zu)(zu)組(zu)成(cheng)(cheng)分(fen)類(lei),漢族(zu)(zu)與(yu)(yu)少數(shu)民(min)(min)族(zu)(zu)組(zu)成(cheng)(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)家(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)庭(ting)127個(ge),少數(shu)民(min)(min)族(zu)(zu)與(yu)(yu)少數(shu)民(min)(min)族(zu)(zu)組(zu)成(cheng)(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)家(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)庭(ting)209個(ge);按(an)受教育階段分(fen)類(lei),初(chu)中學生家(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)長(chang)(chang)(chang)245人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren),高中學生家(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)長(chang)(chang)(chang)91人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren);按(an)家(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)庭(ting)所在地分(fen)類(lei),來(lai)(lai)自市區的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)88人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren),來(lai)(lai)自縣(xian)(鄉鎮)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)51人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren),來(lai)(lai)自農村的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)197人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren);按(an)家(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)長(chang)(chang)(chang)文化程度分(fen)類(lei),小學畢(bi)業及以(yi)下(xia)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)132人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren),中學畢(bi)業的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)186人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren),大學畢(bi)業的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)18人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren),碩士及以(yi)上(shang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)0人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)。按(an)職業分(fen)類(lei),公(gong)務員(yuan)、事(shi)業單位(wei)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)員(yuan)7人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren),企業人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)員(yuan)11人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren),農業勞動者(zhe)134人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren),自由職業者(zhe)146人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren),打零工11人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren),其(qi)(qi)他(ta)(ta)27人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)。研(yan)(yan)(yan)究(jiu)(jiu)通過(guo)問(wen)(wen)卷調(diao)查的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)方式(shi)展開(kai),輔以(yi)深(shen)度訪談(tan)。問(wen)(wen)卷內容包括家(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)長(chang)(chang)(chang)基本信(xin)息、語(yu)(yu)(yu)言(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)意識(shi)(shi)(shi)、語(yu)(yu)(yu)言(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)實踐(jian)(jian)和(he)語(yu)(yu)(yu)言(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)管(guan)理(li)四(si)個(ge)方面。為(wei)(wei)了深(shen)入了解家(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)長(chang)(chang)(chang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)語(yu)(yu)(yu)言(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)態度,訪談(tan)選取了接受過(guo)問(wen)(wen)卷調(diao)查的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)10位(wei)家(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)長(chang)(chang)(chang),采(cai)用單獨訪談(tan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)形式(shi)進行。
二、結果與分析
(一)家庭語言意識
家(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)庭(ting)(ting)(ting)語(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)言(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)意(yi)(yi)識(shi)作(zuo)為(wei)家(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)庭(ting)(ting)(ting)語(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)言(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)政策(ce)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)核心(xin),通(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)常(chang)被認(ren)(ren)為(wei)是(shi)(shi)其背(bei)后(hou)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)驅動力(li)。由(you)(you)于(yu)語(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)言(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)意(yi)(yi)識(shi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)隱形屬性,因此本研(yan)究主要(yao)(yao)通(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)過家(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)長(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)們(men)(men)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)語(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)言(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)態(tai)度與(yu)語(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)言(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)觀來了解他(ta)(ta)們(men)(men)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)語(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)言(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)意(yi)(yi)識(shi)。表(biao)(biao)1—表(biao)(biao)3為(wei)受(shou)試者父母對(dui)(dui)(dui)孩(hai)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)學(xue)(xue)(xue)習(xi)普(pu)通(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)話(hua)(hua)、英(ying)(ying)(ying)語(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)、民(min)族(zu)(zu)(zu)語(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)言(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)態(tai)度情況。由(you)(you)表(biao)(biao)1可(ke)(ke)知,家(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)長(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)對(dui)(dui)(dui)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)女(nv)普(pu)通(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)話(hua)(hua)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)學(xue)(xue)(xue)習(xi)持(chi)非(fei)常(chang)肯(ken)定的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)態(tai)度。大部分家(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)長(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)認(ren)(ren)為(wei)學(xue)(xue)(xue)好(hao)(hao)普(pu)通(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)話(hua)(hua)是(shi)(shi)在(zai)培(pei)養孩(hai)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)長(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)大以(yi)后(hou)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)生(sheng)活(huo)、工(gong)作(zuo)技能,學(xue)(xue)(xue)好(hao)(hao)非(fei)常(chang)重(zhong)(zhong)要(yao)(yao),有(you)(you)(you)超過85%的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)家(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)長(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)愿(yuan)意(yi)(yi)為(wei)孩(hai)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)學(xue)(xue)(xue)習(xi)普(pu)通(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)話(hua)(hua)投(tou)(tou)資,其中(zhong)13.4%的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)家(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)長(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)愿(yuan)意(yi)(yi)投(tou)(tou)入(ru)(ru)超過3000元(yuan)以(yi)上(shang)。鑒(jian)于(yu)年收入(ru)(ru)低于(yu)5萬元(yuan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)家(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)庭(ting)(ting)(ting)占(zhan)受(shou)試家(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)庭(ting)(ting)(ting)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)83.93%,可(ke)(ke)見家(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)長(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)對(dui)(dui)(dui)孩(hai)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)學(xue)(xue)(xue)好(hao)(hao)普(pu)通(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)話(hua)(hua)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)期望(wang)值非(fei)常(chang)高。由(you)(you)表(biao)(biao)2可(ke)(ke)以(yi)看出,超過90%的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)家(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)長(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)支(zhi)持(chi)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)女(nv)學(xue)(xue)(xue)習(xi)英(ying)(ying)(ying)語(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)。其中(zhong)最(zui)主要(yao)(yao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)原因是(shi)(shi)家(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)長(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)認(ren)(ren)為(wei)學(xue)(xue)(xue)好(hao)(hao)英(ying)(ying)(ying)語(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)能夠幫(bang)孩(hai)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)爭(zheng)取到(dao)更好(hao)(hao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)升(sheng)(sheng)學(xue)(xue)(xue)、就業和(he)(he)(he)工(gong)作(zuo)晉(jin)升(sheng)(sheng)機會,只有(you)(you)(you)11.31%的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)家(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)長(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)覺得學(xue)(xue)(xue)英(ying)(ying)(ying)語(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)只是(shi)(shi)響應國(guo)家(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)和(he)(he)(he)政府的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)要(yao)(yao)求。但(dan)仍(reng)然有(you)(you)(you)超過86.9%的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)家(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)長(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)愿(yuan)意(yi)(yi)為(wei)孩(hai)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)學(xue)(xue)(xue)習(xi)英(ying)(ying)(ying)語(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)投(tou)(tou)資,其中(zhong)14.58%的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)家(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)長(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)愿(yuan)意(yi)(yi)投(tou)(tou)入(ru)(ru)超過3000元(yuan)以(yi)上(shang),因此,家(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)長(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)對(dui)(dui)(dui)孩(hai)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)英(ying)(ying)(ying)語(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)學(xue)(xue)(xue)習(xi)也(ye)(ye)抱(bao)有(you)(you)(you)較(jiao)高期望(wang)。由(you)(you)表(biao)(biao)3可(ke)(ke)知,家(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)長(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)對(dui)(dui)(dui)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)女(nv)學(xue)(xue)(xue)習(xi)民(min)族(zu)(zu)(zu)語(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)態(tai)度在(zai)各等級上(shang)基本保持(chi)一致,稍(shao)低于(yu)對(dui)(dui)(dui)普(pu)通(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)話(hua)(hua)和(he)(he)(he)英(ying)(ying)(ying)語(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)學(xue)(xue)(xue)習(xi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)支(zhi)持(chi)。同(tong)時(shi),盡管受(shou)試家(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)長(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)中(zhong)漢(han)族(zu)(zu)(zu)父母占(zhan)比(bi)差距(ju)較(jiao)大(83位漢(han)族(zu)(zu)(zu)父親(qin),占(zhan)父親(qin)人(ren)數(shu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)78.30%;44位漢(han)族(zu)(zu)(zu)母親(qin),占(zhan)母親(qin)人(ren)數(shu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)20.18%),他(ta)(ta)們(men)(men)對(dui)(dui)(dui)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)女(nv)學(xue)(xue)(xue)習(xi)民(min)族(zu)(zu)(zu)語(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)支(zhi)持(chi)程度卻(que)相(xiang)(xiang)差無(wu)幾(ji)。可(ke)(ke)見,無(wu)論是(shi)(shi)漢(han)族(zu)(zu)(zu)與(yu)少(shao)數(shu)民(min)族(zu)(zu)(zu),還(huan)是(shi)(shi)少(shao)數(shu)民(min)族(zu)(zu)(zu)與(yu)少(shao)數(shu)民(min)族(zu)(zu)(zu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)組合家(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)庭(ting)(ting)(ting),對(dui)(dui)(dui)語(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)言(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)與(yu)文(wen)化的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)多(duo)元(yuan)包容性都比(bi)較(jiao)高,且相(xiang)(xiang)差無(wu)幾(ji)。此外,超過50%的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)家(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)長(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)希(xi)望(wang)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)女(nv)學(xue)(xue)(xue)習(xi)民(min)族(zu)(zu)(zu)語(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)言(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)主要(yao)(yao)是(shi)(shi)為(wei)了方(fang)(fang)(fang)便(bian)孩(hai)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)與(yu)家(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)里人(ren)和(he)(he)(he)族(zu)(zu)(zu)群(qun)交流,也(ye)(ye)為(wei)了更好(hao)(hao)地(di)傳承(cheng)(cheng)與(yu)保護少(shao)數(shu)民(min)族(zu)(zu)(zu)語(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)言(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan),但(dan)很(hen)多(duo)家(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)長(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)表(biao)(biao)示(shi)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)女(nv)在(zai)說(shuo)(shuo)民(min)族(zu)(zu)(zu)語(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)時(shi),存在(zai)說(shuo)(shuo)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)機會少(shao)、周圍的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)人(ren)都不(bu)說(shuo)(shuo)以(yi)及說(shuo)(shuo)民(min)族(zu)(zu)(zu)語(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)不(bu)如(ru)漢(han)語(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)方(fang)(fang)(fang)便(bian)等問題(ti)。但(dan)可(ke)(ke)喜的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)是(shi)(shi),有(you)(you)(you)64.59%的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)家(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)長(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)都認(ren)(ren)為(wei)本民(min)族(zu)(zu)(zu)年輕一代(dai)有(you)(you)(you)必要(yao)(yao)掌握本民(min)族(zu)(zu)(zu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)語(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)言(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan),這對(dui)(dui)(dui)民(min)族(zu)(zu)(zu)語(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)言(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)傳承(cheng)(cheng)與(yu)保護有(you)(you)(you)積極的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)影(ying)響。考慮到(dao)瑞麗市與(yu)緬(mian)(mian)甸接壤,存在(zai)貿易往來,問卷(juan)調(diao)查時(shi)筆者也(ye)(ye)調(diao)查了家(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)長(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)對(dui)(dui)(dui)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)女(nv)學(xue)(xue)(xue)習(xi)當地(di)方(fang)(fang)(fang)言(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)和(he)(he)(he)緬(mian)(mian)語(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)態(tai)度。結果表(biao)(biao)明,超過70%的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)家(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)長(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)愿(yuan)意(yi)(yi)讓子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)女(nv)學(xue)(xue)(xue)習(xi)方(fang)(fang)(fang)言(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)和(he)(he)(he)緬(mian)(mian)語(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu),但(dan)支(zhi)持(chi)率(lv)低于(yu)學(xue)(xue)(xue)習(xi)民(min)族(zu)(zu)(zu)語(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)言(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)支(zhi)持(chi)率(lv)。在(zai)家(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)長(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)心(xin)中(zhong),就語(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)言(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)重(zhong)(zhong)要(yao)(yao)性排位,普(pu)通(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)話(hua)(hua)最(zui)為(wei)重(zhong)(zhong)要(yao)(yao),其次是(shi)(shi)英(ying)(ying)(ying)語(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu),之后(hou)才是(shi)(shi)民(min)族(zu)(zu)(zu)語(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)、方(fang)(fang)(fang)言(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)和(he)(he)(he)緬(mian)(mian)語(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)。但(dan)就家(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)長(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)自己而言(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan),他(ta)(ta)們(men)(men)認(ren)(ren)為(wei)普(pu)通(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)話(hua)(hua)最(zui)重(zhong)(zhong)要(yao)(yao),其次是(shi)(shi)民(min)族(zu)(zu)(zu)語(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)和(he)(he)(he)漢(han)語(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)方(fang)(fang)(fang)言(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)。有(you)(you)(you)高達(da)10.12%的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)家(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)長(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)表(biao)(biao)示(shi)緬(mian)(mian)語(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)也(ye)(ye)很(hen)重(zhong)(zhong)要(yao)(yao),可(ke)(ke)見緬(mian)(mian)語(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)在(zai)瑞麗的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)流通(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)程度并(bing)不(bu)低,這給本地(di)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)語(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)言(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)教育規劃提供了很(hen)好(hao)(hao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)參考。最(zui)后(hou),雖(sui)然有(you)(you)(you)38.1%的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)家(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)長(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)表(biao)(biao)示(shi)完(wan)全不(bu)了解家(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)庭(ting)(ting)(ting)語(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)言(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)政策(ce),但(dan)大部分家(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)長(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)在(zai)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)女(nv)教育中(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)認(ren)(ren)識(shi)還(huan)是(shi)(shi)比(bi)較(jiao)準確,他(ta)(ta)們(men)(men)并(bing)不(bu)認(ren)(ren)為(wei)學(xue)(xue)(xue)習(xi)不(bu)同(tong)語(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)言(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)會有(you)(you)(you)不(bu)利影(ying)響。
(二)家庭(ting)語言實(shi)踐
家(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)庭(ting)(ting)(ting)語(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)言(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)實(shi)踐(jian)是(shi)(shi)人們在家(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)庭(ting)(ting)(ting)生活中(zhong)表現(xian)出的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)具體語(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)言(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)行為(wei)(wei),是(shi)(shi)語(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)言(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)意識形態的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)外(wai)化[3]。研究(jiu)發(fa)現(xian),民(min)族(zu)語(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)和普(pu)(pu)通話(hua)(hua)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)使(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)存(cun)在一些代際差異:子女(nv)與(yu)越(yue)年長(chang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)長(chang)輩溝(gou)通使(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)民(min)族(zu)語(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)比率越(yue)高(gao),但由于(yu)(曾)祖父母(mu)輩受(shou)教育程度偏低(di)(di),因(yin)此與(yu)他們溝(gou)通使(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)普(pu)(pu)通話(hua)(hua)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)比率也(ye)最低(di)(di)。此外(wai),調(diao)查數據顯(xian)示(shi),當地(di)(di)方(fang)(fang)言(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)是(shi)(shi)受(shou)試家(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)庭(ting)(ting)(ting)中(zhong)使(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)頻(pin)率最高(gao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)語(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)言(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan),有(you)(you)(you)39.88%的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)家(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)庭(ting)(ting)(ting)主(zhu)要(yao)使(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)當地(di)(di)方(fang)(fang)言(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan),使(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)普(pu)(pu)通話(hua)(hua)頻(pin)率最高(gao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)家(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)庭(ting)(ting)(ting)占32.74%,使(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)民(min)族(zu)語(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)家(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)庭(ting)(ting)(ting)占27.38%,英語(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)雖然重(zhong)要(yao),但完全沒能進入到這類家(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)庭(ting)(ting)(ting)使(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)中(zhong)。可(ke)見(jian)(jian),瑞麗市跨族(zu)婚姻(yin)(yin)家(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)庭(ting)(ting)(ting)中(zhong)當地(di)(di)方(fang)(fang)言(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)是(shi)(shi)子女(nv)在家(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)庭(ting)(ting)(ting)中(zhong)主(zhu)要(yao)使(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)語(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)言(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)。家(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)庭(ting)(ting)(ting)語(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)言(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)實(shi)踐(jian)也(ye)體現(xian)在子女(nv)在家(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)學習與(yu)娛樂方(fang)(fang)面。研究(jiu)顯(xian)示(shi),超過90%的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)家(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)庭(ting)(ting)(ting),子女(nv)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)課(ke)(ke)外(wai)讀(du)物以漢(han)語(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)普(pu)(pu)通話(hua)(hua)為(wei)(wei)主(zhu),以民(min)族(zu)語(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)言(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)為(wei)(wei)主(zhu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)家(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)庭(ting)(ting)(ting)僅有(you)(you)(you)13.69%,以英語(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)為(wei)(wei)主(zhu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)家(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)庭(ting)(ting)(ting)占10.71%;觀看(kan)電(dian)視(shi)節目(mu)方(fang)(fang)面,94.05%的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)家(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)庭(ting)(ting)(ting)中(zhong),孩(hai)子更愛(ai)看(kan)漢(han)語(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)普(pu)(pu)通話(hua)(hua)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)節目(mu),愛(ai)看(kan)說(shuo)民(min)族(zu)語(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)言(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)節目(mu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)家(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)庭(ting)(ting)(ting)僅占19.64%。筆者通過訪談進一步了解到,導致(zhi)這一結果的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)主(zhu)要(yao)原因(yin)是(shi)(shi)民(min)族(zu)語(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)言(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)課(ke)(ke)外(wai)讀(du)物和電(dian)視(shi)節目(mu)數量很有(you)(you)(you)限(xian),趣(qu)(qu)味(wei)性不(bu)強,孩(hai)子沒有(you)(you)(you)充(chong)分的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)選擇(ze)余地(di)(di);沒有(you)(you)(you)更多(duo)選擇(ze)英語(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)讀(du)物一方(fang)(fang)面是(shi)(shi)因(yin)為(wei)(wei)孩(hai)子不(bu)喜(xi)歡(huan),另一方(fang)(fang)面也(ye)是(shi)(shi)因(yin)為(wei)(wei)家(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)長(chang)自(zi)己語(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)言(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)能力不(bu)足(zu);孩(hai)子在學校(xiao)學習的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)課(ke)(ke)本、與(yu)老師和同學交流(liu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)語(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)言(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)都以普(pu)(pu)通話(hua)(hua)為(wei)(wei)主(zhu),使(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)頻(pin)率最高(gao),因(yin)此也(ye)對漢(han)語(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)普(pu)(pu)通話(hua)(hua)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)課(ke)(ke)外(wai)讀(du)物更感興趣(qu)(qu)。可(ke)見(jian)(jian),大多(duo)數跨族(zu)婚姻(yin)(yin)家(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)庭(ting)(ting)(ting)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)孩(hai)子對當前資訊的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)獲得仍(reng)主(zhu)要(yao)是(shi)(shi)依(yi)靠以普(pu)(pu)通話(hua)(hua)為(wei)(wei)媒介(jie)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)渠道。
(三)家(jia)庭語言管(guan)理
家(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)庭(ting)(ting)(ting)語(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)言(yan)管(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)是(shi)(shi)(shi)家(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)庭(ting)(ting)(ting)語(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)言(yan)政策的(de)(de)(de)關(guan)鍵,它指的(de)(de)(de)是(shi)(shi)(shi)家(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)庭(ting)(ting)(ting)成員(yuan)對(dui)(dui)語(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)言(yan)使(shi)用所做(zuo)的(de)(de)(de)規(gui)劃(hua)行為(wei)(wei)。然而由(you)于(yu)地(di)理(li)(li)、經濟、文(wen)化水平等原因(yin),有(you)(you)(you)的(de)(de)(de)家(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)庭(ting)(ting)(ting)中(zhong)(zhong)可能(neng)(neng)(neng)并不(bu)(bu)存(cun)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)顯性的(de)(de)(de)、有(you)(you)(you)意(yi)識(shi)的(de)(de)(de)語(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)言(yan)管(guan)(guan)理(li)(li),有(you)(you)(you)的(de)(de)(de)只是(shi)(shi)(shi)一些根(gen)據其(qi)語(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)言(yan)意(yi)識(shi)和語(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)言(yan)實踐做(zuo)出的(de)(de)(de)無意(yi)識(shi)的(de)(de)(de)干預、指導和選擇。本(ben)研究(jiu)(jiu)以父母(mu)的(de)(de)(de)行為(wei)(wei)是(shi)(shi)(shi)否為(wei)(wei)了讓子(zi)(zi)(zi)女(nv)提(ti)高語(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)言(yan)能(neng)(neng)(neng)力(li)為(wei)(wei)例(li)來分析家(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)長(chang)對(dui)(dui)子(zi)(zi)(zi)女(nv)的(de)(de)(de)語(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)言(yan)管(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)情況。調查發(fa)現,高達49.11%的(de)(de)(de)家(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)長(chang)表示(shi)不(bu)(bu)會有(you)(you)(you)意(yi)識(shi)地(di)引(yin)導子(zi)(zi)(zi)女(nv)說某(mou)(mou)種(zhong)語(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)言(yan),更(geng)(geng)(geng)多(duo)的(de)(de)(de)是(shi)(shi)(shi)讓子(zi)(zi)(zi)女(nv)自己(ji)做(zuo)主。但(dan)(dan)是(shi)(shi)(shi)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)家(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)庭(ting)(ting)(ting)的(de)(de)(de)語(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)言(yan)使(shi)用中(zhong)(zhong),他們更(geng)(geng)(geng)鼓(gu)(gu)(gu)勵(li)子(zi)(zi)(zi)女(nv)說普通話,有(you)(you)(you)50.6%的(de)(de)(de)家(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)長(chang)鼓(gu)(gu)(gu)勵(li)子(zi)(zi)(zi)女(nv)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)家(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)說普通話,其(qi)次(ci)是(shi)(shi)(shi)民族語(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu),占(zhan)22.32%,也有(you)(you)(you)11.9%的(de)(de)(de)家(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)長(chang)表示(shi)子(zi)(zi)(zi)女(nv)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)家(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)說哪種(zhong)語(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)言(yan)都無所謂(wei)。由(you)此可見,盡管(guan)(guan)家(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)長(chang)認為(wei)(wei)子(zi)(zi)(zi)女(nv)學(xue)(xue)(xue)習(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)英語(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)比學(xue)(xue)(xue)習(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)民族語(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)更(geng)(geng)(geng)重(zhong)要,但(dan)(dan)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)實際(ji)的(de)(de)(de)語(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)言(yan)管(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)中(zhong)(zhong)卻(que)對(dui)(dui)民族語(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)的(de)(de)(de)使(shi)用更(geng)(geng)(geng)為(wei)(wei)鼓(gu)(gu)(gu)勵(li),這(zhe)也從側面反映出家(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)庭(ting)(ting)(ting)語(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)言(yan)管(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)雖然基(ji)于(yu)家(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)庭(ting)(ting)(ting)語(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)言(yan)意(yi)識(shi),但(dan)(dan)難(nan)(nan)免(mian)會受到(dao)社會及(ji)個(ge)人的(de)(de)(de)影(ying)響,尤(you)其(qi)是(shi)(shi)(shi)家(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)長(chang)的(de)(de)(de)語(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)言(yan)能(neng)(neng)(neng)力(li)的(de)(de)(de)限制(zhi)。同時(shi),研究(jiu)(jiu)表明能(neng)(neng)(neng)經常參與孩(hai)(hai)子(zi)(zi)(zi)語(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)言(yan)學(xue)(xue)(xue)習(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)過程的(de)(de)(de)家(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)長(chang)僅占(zhan)41.96%,完全(quan)不(bu)(bu)參與孩(hai)(hai)子(zi)(zi)(zi)學(xue)(xue)(xue)習(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)的(de)(de)(de)占(zhan)7.44%,大(da)部(bu)分家(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)長(chang)都只能(neng)(neng)(neng)偶爾參與一下。究(jiu)(jiu)其(qi)原因(yin),并不(bu)(bu)全(quan)是(shi)(shi)(shi)因(yin)為(wei)(wei)家(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)長(chang)工(gong)作(zuo)忙,更(geng)(geng)(geng)多(duo)是(shi)(shi)(shi)因(yin)為(wei)(wei)家(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)長(chang)自己(ji)受教(jiao)育(yu)程度不(bu)(bu)高,沒(mei)有(you)(you)(you)能(neng)(neng)(neng)力(li)參與到(dao)孩(hai)(hai)子(zi)(zi)(zi)的(de)(de)(de)學(xue)(xue)(xue)習(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)過程中(zhong)(zhong),更(geng)(geng)(geng)別提(ti)語(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)言(yan)學(xue)(xue)(xue)習(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)了,但(dan)(dan)值得慶幸的(de)(de)(de)是(shi)(shi)(shi)大(da)部(bu)分家(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)長(chang)都愿意(yi)投資給孩(hai)(hai)子(zi)(zi)(zi)學(xue)(xue)(xue)習(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)語(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)言(yan),這(zhe)對(dui)(dui)孩(hai)(hai)子(zi)(zi)(zi)的(de)(de)(de)多(duo)語(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)能(neng)(neng)(neng)力(li)發(fa)展有(you)(you)(you)一定的(de)(de)(de)積極影(ying)響。在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)構建和諧語(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)言(yan)社會的(de)(de)(de)進程中(zhong)(zhong),家(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)庭(ting)(ting)(ting)這(zhe)一場所非(fei)常重(zhong)要,但(dan)(dan)同時(shi)也應認識(shi)到(dao)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)經濟文(wen)化相對(dui)(dui)落后的(de)(de)(de)民族地(di)區想要依(yi)靠家(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)庭(ting)(ting)(ting)教(jiao)育(yu)困難(nan)(nan)重(zhong)重(zhong)。此外(wai),考慮(lv)到(dao)中(zhong)(zhong)國的(de)(de)(de)傳統因(yin)素,母(mu)親(qin)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)家(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)陪伴孩(hai)(hai)子(zi)(zi)(zi)的(de)(de)(de)時(shi)間更(geng)(geng)(geng)多(duo),筆者假設親(qin)子(zi)(zi)(zi)關(guan)系與參與孩(hai)(hai)子(zi)(zi)(zi)學(xue)(xue)(xue)習(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)或有(you)(you)(you)意(yi)識(shi)引(yin)導孩(hai)(hai)子(zi)(zi)(zi)說某(mou)(mou)種(zhong)語(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)言(yan)存(cun)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)相關(guan)關(guan)系,但(dan)(dan)通過使(shi)用Per-son相關(guan)性分析得出P值為(wei)(wei)0,可知(zhi)本(ben)研究(jiu)(jiu)中(zhong)(zhong)親(qin)子(zi)(zi)(zi)關(guan)系與這(zhe)兩個(ge)變(bian)量之間不(bu)(bu)存(cun)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)任何直線(xian)相關(guan)關(guan)系。
三、結語
本(ben)研究(jiu)通(tong)(tong)過問卷調查與(yu)(yu)(yu)深度訪談,發(fa)現(xian)(xian)(xian)云南瑞麗跨(kua)(kua)族(zu)婚姻(yin)家(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)庭(ting)(ting)(ting)(ting)(ting)(ting)(ting)(ting)(ting)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)語(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)言(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)政(zheng)策(ce)(ce)主(zhu)要有(you)以下(xia)(xia)幾(ji)個特(te)點:第一(yi)(yi),他們(men)(men)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)家(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)庭(ting)(ting)(ting)(ting)(ting)(ting)(ting)(ting)(ting)語(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)言(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)意識(shi)表現(xian)(xian)(xian)出(chu)對民(min)族(zu)語(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)言(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)高(gao)度認同,也(ye)(ye)對普(pu)通(tong)(tong)話和(he)(he)英(ying)語(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)實(shi)(shi)用價值(zhi)、經濟價值(zhi)給予了較高(gao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)肯(ken)定;第二,家(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)庭(ting)(ting)(ting)(ting)(ting)(ting)(ting)(ting)(ting)語(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)言(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)實(shi)(shi)踐(jian)(jian)上未能貫徹他們(men)(men)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)語(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)言(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)意識(shi),家(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)庭(ting)(ting)(ting)(ting)(ting)(ting)(ting)(ting)(ting)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)以使(shi)用當(dang)地方(fang)(fang)言(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)為主(zhu),英(ying)語(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)完(wan)全沒(mei)能進(jin)入(ru)到(dao)家(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)庭(ting)(ting)(ting)(ting)(ting)(ting)(ting)(ting)(ting)使(shi)用中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),但(dan)(dan)普(pu)通(tong)(tong)話是(shi)他們(men)(men)獲(huo)取媒介信(xin)息的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)主(zhu)要渠道;第三,家(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)庭(ting)(ting)(ting)(ting)(ting)(ting)(ting)(ting)(ting)語(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)言(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)管(guan)(guan)理(li)上能注重對子女多語(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)能力的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)培養與(yu)(yu)(yu)投入(ru),但(dan)(dan)家(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)長(chang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)受教(jiao)育程度與(yu)(yu)(yu)家(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)庭(ting)(ting)(ting)(ting)(ting)(ting)(ting)(ting)(ting)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)經濟文化水平在(zai)(zai)很大程度限制了家(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)長(chang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)參與(yu)(yu)(yu)程度。盡(jin)管(guan)(guan)云南瑞麗的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)跨(kua)(kua)族(zu)婚姻(yin)家(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)庭(ting)(ting)(ting)(ting)(ting)(ting)(ting)(ting)(ting)語(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)言(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)政(zheng)策(ce)(ce)狀況不能完(wan)全代(dai)表中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國所有(you)跨(kua)(kua)族(zu)婚姻(yin)家(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)庭(ting)(ting)(ting)(ting)(ting)(ting)(ting)(ting)(ting)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)語(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)言(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)政(zheng)策(ce)(ce)狀況,但(dan)(dan)我們(men)(men)見微(wei)(wei)知(zhi)著(zhu),也(ye)(ye)能從(cong)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)發(fa)現(xian)(xian)(xian)一(yi)(yi)些共性(xing)特(te)征:這類(lei)家(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)庭(ting)(ting)(ting)(ting)(ting)(ting)(ting)(ting)(ting)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)家(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)庭(ting)(ting)(ting)(ting)(ting)(ting)(ting)(ting)(ting)語(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)庫(ku)基本(ben)由(you)民(min)族(zu)語(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)、普(pu)通(tong)(tong)話、漢(han)語(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)方(fang)(fang)言(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)、英(ying)語(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)構成(cheng)。在(zai)(zai)語(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)言(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)意識(shi)方(fang)(fang)面,從(cong)高(gao)到(dao)低依次是(shi)普(pu)通(tong)(tong)話、英(ying)語(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)、民(min)族(zu)語(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)、漢(han)語(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)方(fang)(fang)言(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan),但(dan)(dan)在(zai)(zai)語(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)言(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)實(shi)(shi)踐(jian)(jian)和(he)(he)語(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)言(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)管(guan)(guan)理(li)方(fang)(fang)面,可(ke)能是(shi)普(pu)通(tong)(tong)話、漢(han)語(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)方(fang)(fang)言(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)、民(min)族(zu)語(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)、英(ying)語(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu),也(ye)(ye)可(ke)能是(shi)漢(han)語(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)方(fang)(fang)言(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)、普(pu)通(tong)(tong)話、民(min)族(zu)語(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)、英(ying)語(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu),這取決(jue)于(yu)家(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)庭(ting)(ting)(ting)(ting)(ting)(ting)(ting)(ting)(ting)內(nei)外(wai)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)多個影(ying)響(xiang)(xiang)因素(su)(su),如父母的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)文化程度、社(she)區(qu)(qu)及學(xue)校(xiao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)語(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)言(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)政(zheng)策(ce)(ce)等。值(zhi)得關注的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)是(shi),普(pu)通(tong)(tong)話在(zai)(zai)這類(lei)家(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)庭(ting)(ting)(ting)(ting)(ting)(ting)(ting)(ting)(ting)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)發(fa)展趨勢是(shi)最(zui)穩定的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de),具備(bei)語(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)言(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)意識(shi),也(ye)(ye)存(cun)在(zai)(zai)語(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)言(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)實(shi)(shi)踐(jian)(jian)和(he)(he)語(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)言(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)管(guan)(guan)理(li),因此普(pu)通(tong)(tong)話在(zai)(zai)家(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)庭(ting)(ting)(ting)(ting)(ting)(ting)(ting)(ting)(ting)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)代(dai)際(ji)(ji)(ji)傳承條件最(zui)佳。漢(han)語(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)方(fang)(fang)言(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)雖然具備(bei)代(dai)際(ji)(ji)(ji)傳承的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)條件,即存(cun)在(zai)(zai)語(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)言(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)實(shi)(shi)踐(jian)(jian),但(dan)(dan)語(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)言(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)意識(shi)和(he)(he)語(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)言(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)管(guan)(guan)理(li)缺失,加之已出(chu)現(xian)(xian)(xian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)代(dai)際(ji)(ji)(ji)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)用現(xian)(xian)(xian)象必然會讓它(ta)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)代(dai)際(ji)(ji)(ji)傳承越(yue)來(lai)越(yue)難。民(min)族(zu)語(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)言(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)在(zai)(zai)家(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)庭(ting)(ting)(ting)(ting)(ting)(ting)(ting)(ting)(ting)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)存(cun)在(zai)(zai)代(dai)際(ji)(ji)(ji)傳承的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)意愿,有(you)語(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)言(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)意識(shi)也(ye)(ye)有(you)語(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)言(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)實(shi)(shi)踐(jian)(jian),但(dan)(dan)它(ta)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)發(fa)展隨(sui)著(zhu)代(dai)際(ji)(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)出(chu)現(xian)(xian)(xian)已呈現(xian)(xian)(xian)出(chu)逐(zhu)漸下(xia)(xia)降的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)趨勢,缺乏(fa)合理(li)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)語(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)言(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)管(guan)(guan)理(li),它(ta)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)發(fa)展趨勢也(ye)(ye)不容(rong)樂觀。英(ying)語(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)在(zai)(zai)家(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)庭(ting)(ting)(ting)(ting)(ting)(ting)(ting)(ting)(ting)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)盡(jin)管(guan)(guan)缺乏(fa)語(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)言(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)實(shi)(shi)踐(jian)(jian),造(zao)成(cheng)一(yi)(yi)定程度的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)“意識(shi)、管(guan)(guan)理(li)與(yu)(yu)(yu)實(shi)(shi)踐(jian)(jian)”的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)脫節(jie),但(dan)(dan)隨(sui)著(zhu)代(dai)際(ji)(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)發(fa)展會有(you)逐(zhu)漸上升的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)趨勢。影(ying)響(xiang)(xiang)家(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)庭(ting)(ting)(ting)(ting)(ting)(ting)(ting)(ting)(ting)語(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)言(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)政(zheng)策(ce)(ce)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)因素(su)(su)很多,有(you)來(lai)自家(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)庭(ting)(ting)(ting)(ting)(ting)(ting)(ting)(ting)(ting)內(nei)部的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)因素(su)(su),如父母的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)教(jiao)育背景(jing)、職業,家(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)庭(ting)(ting)(ting)(ting)(ting)(ting)(ting)(ting)(ting)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)經濟狀況等;也(ye)(ye)有(you)來(lai)自家(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)庭(ting)(ting)(ting)(ting)(ting)(ting)(ting)(ting)(ting)外(wai)部的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)因素(su)(su),如國家(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)、社(she)區(qu)(qu)、學(xue)校(xiao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)語(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)言(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)政(zheng)策(ce)(ce)和(he)(he)語(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)言(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)環境(jing)等。如何在(zai)(zai)大環境(jing)相(xiang)差無異的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)情況下(xia)(xia),調節(jie)家(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)庭(ting)(ting)(ting)(ting)(ting)(ting)(ting)(ting)(ting)內(nei)部的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)影(ying)響(xiang)(xiang)因素(su)(su),扭轉(zhuan)(zhuan)民(min)族(zu)語(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)言(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)或是(shi)漢(han)語(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)方(fang)(fang)言(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)在(zai)(zai)家(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)庭(ting)(ting)(ting)(ting)(ting)(ting)(ting)(ting)(ting)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)出(chu)現(xian)(xian)(xian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)式微(wei)(wei)勢頭(tou),保護(hu)語(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)言(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)多樣性(xing)和(he)(he)穩定性(xing),值(zhi)得進(jin)一(yi)(yi)步研究(jiu)和(he)(he)探(tan)討。
作者:李陽 寸萍