導語：投(tou)標文件準備風險識別與防(fang)范(fan)一文來(lai)源(yuan)于網(wang)友上傳，不代表本站(zhan)觀點，若需要原創文章(zhang)可咨詢(xun)客(ke)服老師，歡迎參(can)考(kao)。

智利營商環境好，主權信用評級高，PPP項目已實施長達28年左右，在拉美地區處于領先地位。智利PPP項目多采取國際公開招標形式，政府計劃在近期投入340億美元，用于新建公路、港口、機場、醫院、診所、學校、文化和體育中心等項目，且智利政府對中資企業參與當地基礎設施項目投資持歡迎態度，這為中資企業進軍智利特許經營市場帶來了很好的機遇。準備合格的投標文件，實現順利交標，是中資企業參與投標應當完成的首要任務，而做好投標文件準備的風險識別和防范至關(guan)重(zhong)要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)。智(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)利(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)營(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)商(shang)(shang)環(huan)(huan)境與(yu)(yu)PPP項(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)發(fa)展情況智(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)利(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)地(di)(di)處(chu)美(mei)洲大(da)(da)陸的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)最(zui)(zui)南(nan)端，為(wei)(wei)(wei)全球最(zui)(zui)南(nan)端的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)國(guo)家，全國(guo)人(ren)(ren)口約(yue)為(wei)(wei)(wei)1900萬，2020年(nian)(nian)(nian)人(ren)(ren)均GDP13231美(mei)元。智(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)利(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)國(guo)別市場(chang)(chang)營(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)商(shang)(shang)環(huan)(huan)境好(hao)，世(shi)界銀行(xing)(xing)發(fa)布(bu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)《2020年(nian)(nian)(nian)營(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)商(shang)(shang)環(huan)(huan)境報(bao)告》顯示(shi)(shi)，智(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)利(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)營(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)商(shang)(shang)環(huan)(huan)境總體(ti)(ti)評(ping)(ping)(ping)分(fen)72.6分(fen)，在(zai)全球190個(ge)經(jing)濟(ji)體(ti)(ti)中(zhong)(zhong)排名第59位。另外(wai)(wai)(wai)，國(guo)際貨幣基(ji)金組織發(fa)布(bu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)智(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)利(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)經(jing)濟(ji)報(bao)告顯示(shi)(shi)，得益于堅(jian)實的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)經(jing)濟(ji)基(ji)礎、穩定的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)政(zheng)(zheng)局和合(he)適(shi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)宏觀政(zheng)(zheng)策，智(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)利(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)已成(cheng)為(wei)(wei)(wei)本地(di)(di)區最(zui)(zui)具(ju)(ju)活(huo)力經(jing)濟(ji)體(ti)(ti)之一(yi)。盡管全球包括智(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)利(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)經(jing)濟(ji)發(fa)展受到新冠疫情的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)影響，但智(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)利(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)權信(xin)用(yong)評(ping)(ping)(ping)級(ji)仍屬(shu)于投(tou)(tou)(tou)資級(ji)別，標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)普爾(er)對(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)智(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)利(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)信(xin)用(yong)評(ping)(ping)(ping)級(ji)為(wei)(wei)(wei)A+；穆迪對(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)智(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)利(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)信(xin)用(yong)評(ping)(ping)(ping)級(ji)為(wei)(wei)(wei)A1；惠譽對(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)智(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)利(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)信(xin)用(yong)評(ping)(ping)(ping)級(ji)為(wei)(wei)(wei)A-。智(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)利(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)良好(hao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)營(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)商(shang)(shang)環(huan)(huan)境為(wei)(wei)(wei)智(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)利(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)PPP項(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)發(fa)展提供(gong)了(le)(le)(le)有力保障。智(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)利(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)自(zi)1993年(nian)(nian)(nian)就(jiu)開(kai)(kai)(kai)始(shi)利(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)用(yong)PPP方式(shi)開(kai)(kai)(kai)發(fa)基(ji)礎設施項(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)，許(xu)可企業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)投(tou)(tou)(tou)建(jian)營(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)一(yi)體(ti)(ti)化開(kai)(kai)(kai)發(fa)項(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)，并以用(yong)戶(hu)收費(fei)或(huo)者政(zheng)(zheng)府付(fu)費(fei)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)方式(shi)收取回報(bao)，積累了(le)(le)(le)豐富PPP項(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)開(kai)(kai)(kai)發(fa)和運營(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)經(jing)驗，涵蓋公(gong)(gong)(gong)路(lu)(lu)、機場(chang)(chang)、醫院、監獄等(deng)領域。迄今為(wei)(wei)(wei)止，特(te)許(xu)合(he)同超過90件(jian)，合(he)同金額260億美(mei)元左右(you)。智(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)利(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)PPP項(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)高(gao)度發(fa)展離不(bu)開(kai)(kai)(kai)完(wan)善的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)特(te)許(xu)經(jing)營(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)法(fa)律(lv)和行(xing)(xing)政(zheng)(zheng)管理體(ti)(ti)系，智(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)利(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)制定和不(bu)斷完(wan)善《公(gong)(gong)(gong)共(gong)工(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)部(bu)(bu)組織法(fa)》《公(gong)(gong)(gong)共(gong)工(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)特(te)許(xu)法(fa)》《公(gong)(gong)(gong)共(gong)工(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)特(te)許(xu)條例》等(deng)法(fa)律(lv)法(fa)規，這(zhe)(zhe)些(xie)法(fa)律(lv)法(fa)規組成(cheng)了(le)(le)(le)智(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)利(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)特(te)許(xu)經(jing)營(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)法(fa)律(lv)框(kuang)架，有效地(di)(di)平衡了(le)(le)(le)參(can)與(yu)(yu)各方的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)利(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)益。此外(wai)(wai)(wai)，為(wei)(wei)(wei)了(le)(le)(le)加(jia)強(qiang)對(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)PPP項(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)管理，智(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)利(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)2017年(nian)(nian)(nian)成(cheng)立了(le)(le)(le)隸屬(shu)公(gong)(gong)(gong)共(gong)工(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)部(bu)(bu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)公(gong)(gong)(gong)共(gong)工(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)特(te)許(xu)司，專門負(fu)責公(gong)(gong)(gong)共(gong)工(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)特(te)許(xu)項(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)管理。PPP公(gong)(gong)(gong)路(lu)(lu)項(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)投(tou)(tou)(tou)標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)體(ti)(ti)資質要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)求(qiu)智(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)利(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)PPP項(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)為(wei)(wei)(wei)了(le)(le)(le)加(jia)強(qiang)競爭(zheng)性(xing)，普遍采用(yong)國(guo)際公(gong)(gong)(gong)開(kai)(kai)(kai)招(zhao)標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)方式(shi)進行(xing)(xing)，中(zhong)(zhong)標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)人(ren)(ren)多(duo)為(wei)(wei)(wei)外(wai)(wai)(wai)國(guo)大(da)(da)型(xing)建(jian)筑(zhu)商(shang)(shang)。目(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)前，智(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)利(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)PPP公(gong)(gong)(gong)路(lu)(lu)項(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)被來自(zi)西班(ban)牙、意大(da)(da)利(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)等(deng)國(guo)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)公(gong)(gong)(gong)司主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)導，如(ru)西班(ban)牙公(gong)(gong)(gong)司SACYR、IRIDIUM、ACCIONA等(deng)，意大(da)(da)利(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)公(gong)(gong)(gong)司ATLANTIA等(deng)。近年(nian)(nian)(nian)來，中(zhong)(zhong)資公(gong)(gong)(gong)司開(kai)(kai)(kai)始(shi)中(zhong)(zhong)標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)個(ge)別PPP項(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)，在(zai)PPP項(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)競標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)上，具(ju)(ju)備一(yi)定的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)競爭(zheng)力，拉開(kai)(kai)(kai)了(le)(le)(le)中(zhong)(zhong)資公(gong)(gong)(gong)司進軍智(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)利(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)PPP項(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)序(xu)幕。很多(duo)拉美(mei)國(guo)家PPP公(gong)(gong)(gong)路(lu)(lu)項(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)都(dou)對(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)投(tou)(tou)(tou)標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)體(ti)(ti)存在(zai)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)績(ji)(ji)要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)求(qiu)，招(zhao)標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)文件(jian)要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)求(qiu)投(tou)(tou)(tou)標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)體(ti)(ti)提供(gong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)績(ji)(ji)證明材料，如(ru)巴西和哥倫(lun)比亞的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)PPP公(gong)(gong)(gong)路(lu)(lu)項(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)就(jiu)有這(zhe)(zhe)樣(yang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)績(ji)(ji)要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)求(qiu)。但是(shi)，智(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)利(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)PPP公(gong)(gong)(gong)路(lu)(lu)項(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)對(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)投(tou)(tou)(tou)標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)人(ren)(ren)沒有業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)績(ji)(ji)資質要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)求(qiu)，僅對(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)參(can)加(jia)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)體(ti)(ti)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)財(cai)務(wu)能力有要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)求(qiu)。具(ju)(ju)體(ti)(ti)說來，根(gen)據(ju)項(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)招(zhao)標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)文件(jian)規定，要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)求(qiu)參(can)與(yu)(yu)人(ren)(ren)投(tou)(tou)(tou)標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)之日最(zui)(zui)近年(nian)(nian)(nian)度的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)凈資產不(bu)低于工(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)預算的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)25%左右(you)。一(yi)般來說，業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)績(ji)(ji)要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)求(qiu)是(shi)要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)求(qiu)投(tou)(tou)(tou)標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)人(ren)(ren)提供(gong)匹(pi)配的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)特(te)許(xu)經(jing)營(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)項(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)績(ji)(ji)，特(te)許(xu)經(jing)營(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)項(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)多(duo)是(shi)政(zheng)(zheng)府部(bu)(bu)門，如(ru)我(wo)國(guo)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)省級(ji)交通委，投(tou)(tou)(tou)標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)人(ren)(ren)獲得這(zhe)(zhe)些(xie)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)績(ji)(ji)證明不(bu)是(shi)一(yi)件(jian)容易(yi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)事。顯然，智(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)利(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)PPP公(gong)(gong)(gong)路(lu)(lu)項(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)不(bu)要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)求(qiu)投(tou)(tou)(tou)標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)人(ren)(ren)提供(gong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)績(ji)(ji)材料，較大(da)(da)地(di)(di)減輕了(le)(le)(le)投(tou)(tou)(tou)標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)文件(jian)準(zhun)(zhun)備的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)工(gong)作量。投(tou)(tou)(tou)標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)文件(jian)準(zhun)(zhun)備風險(xian)識(shi)別與(yu)(yu)防范公(gong)(gong)(gong)路(lu)(lu)PPP項(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)開(kai)(kai)(kai)標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)程(cheng)(cheng)序(xu)分(fen)為(wei)(wei)(wei)兩個(ge)階段(duan)，第一(yi)階段(duan)為(wei)(wei)(wei)技術標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)評(ping)(ping)(ping)標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)，第二(er)階段(duan)為(wei)(wei)(wei)經(jing)濟(ji)標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)評(ping)(ping)(ping)標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)。投(tou)(tou)(tou)標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)人(ren)(ren)只(zhi)有通過技術標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)審查，方可進入經(jing)濟(ji)標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)評(ping)(ping)(ping)標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)階段(duan)，參(can)與(yu)(yu)最(zui)(zui)終角逐。因此，確保技術標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)文件(jian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)合(he)格是(shi)對(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)投(tou)(tou)(tou)標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)人(ren)(ren)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)硬性(xing)要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)求(qiu)。中(zhong)(zhong)資企業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)參(can)與(yu)(yu)智(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)利(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)PPP項(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)投(tou)(tou)(tou)標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)近幾年(nian)(nian)(nian)才(cai)開(kai)(kai)(kai)始(shi)，由于中(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)法(fa)律(lv)體(ti)(ti)系和智(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)利(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)法(fa)律(lv)體(ti)(ti)系的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)差(cha)異，如(ru)何(he)準(zhun)(zhun)備合(he)格的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)投(tou)(tou)(tou)標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)文件(jian)，實現順利(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)交標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)，即(ji)做好(hao)投(tou)(tou)(tou)標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)文件(jian)準(zhun)(zhun)備的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)風險(xian)識(shi)別和防范至關(guan)重(zhong)要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)。

一、深層理解法律體系差異，形成完整文件清單

行軍(jun)打仗，必須要(yao)有(you)地(di)圖。相對(dui)于投標(biao)(biao)(biao)文(wen)(wen)(wen)件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)準(zhun)備而(er)言，完整的(de)文(wen)(wen)(wen)件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)清(qing)(qing)單(dan)(dan)就是行軍(jun)打仗的(de)地(di)圖。為了(le)形(xing)(xing)成完整的(de)文(wen)(wen)(wen)件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)清(qing)(qing)單(dan)(dan)，需要(yao)完成兩步(bu)工(gong)作(zuo)。第一步(bu)是梳理標(biao)(biao)(biao)書文(wen)(wen)(wen)件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)要(yao)求(qiu)，形(xing)(xing)成標(biao)(biao)(biao)書要(yao)求(qiu)的(de)初步(bu)文(wen)(wen)(wen)件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)清(qing)(qing)單(dan)(dan)，招標(biao)(biao)(biao)文(wen)(wen)(wen)件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)技(ji)術標(biao)(biao)(biao)總共規定了(le)9大(da)項文(wen)(wen)(wen)件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)要(yao)求(qiu)，分(fen)別(bie)是：1號(hao)(hao)文(wen)(wen)(wen)件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)投標(biao)(biao)(biao)主體(ti)法(fa)律(lv)(lv)信息；2號(hao)(hao)文(wen)(wen)(wen)件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)責任(ren)宣誓申明(ming)；3號(hao)(hao)文(wen)(wen)(wen)件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)公(gong)共工(gong)程部(bu)代表任(ren)命(ming)書；4號(hao)(hao)文(wen)(wen)(wen)件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)是投標(biao)(biao)(biao)保函；5號(hao)(hao)文(wen)(wen)(wen)件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)特許公(gong)司設(she)立承諾書；6號(hao)(hao)文(wen)(wen)(wen)件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)投標(biao)(biao)(biao)主體(ti)財(cai)務信息；7號(hao)(hao)文(wen)(wen)(wen)件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)現有(you)工(gong)程申請(qing)臨時調試申請(qing)書；8號(hao)(hao)文(wen)(wen)(wen)件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)參考資料接受申明(ming)書；9號(hao)(hao)文(wen)(wen)(wen)件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)工(gong)程設(she)計書。招標(biao)(biao)(biao)文(wen)(wen)(wen)件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)對(dui)技(ji)術標(biao)(biao)(biao)的(de)文(wen)(wen)(wen)件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)要(yao)求(qiu)比較復雜(za)，對(dui)經(jing)濟標(biao)(biao)(biao)文(wen)(wen)(wen)件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)要(yao)求(qiu)簡單(dan)(dan)。第二步(bu)是中(zhong)資企(qi)業工(gong)作(zuo)組要(yao)認(ren)真研讀標(biao)(biao)(biao)書文(wen)(wen)(wen)件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)原(yuan)文(wen)(wen)(wen)，深(shen)刻理解原(yuan)文(wen)(wen)(wen)的(de)實(shi)質要(yao)求(qiu)，充分(fen)認(ren)識到中(zhong)國法(fa)律(lv)(lv)體(ti)系與智利法(fa)律(lv)(lv)體(ti)系的(de)差異，做出有(you)效判斷，結合中(zhong)資企(qi)業自身情況(kuang)，定稿(gao)最終文(wen)(wen)(wen)件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)清(qing)(qing)單(dan)(dan)，并(bing)根據此清(qing)(qing)單(dan)(dan)，形(xing)(xing)成最終的(de)交標(biao)(biao)(biao)文(wen)(wen)(wen)件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)目(mu)錄。

二、搭建靈活授權結構，防范簽署資格風險

招標(biao)文(wen)(wen)件(jian)(jian)(jian)對投(tou)標(biao)文(wen)(wen)件(jian)(jian)(jian)的(de)(de)(de)簽署人的(de)(de)(de)資(zi)(zi)格(ge)有特定(ding)(ding)要(yao)(yao)求，簽署人必(bi)須具備充分(fen)的(de)(de)(de)權(quan)力以(yi)簽署相(xiang)關(guan)文(wen)(wen)件(jian)(jian)(jian)。每(mei)份文(wen)(wen)件(jian)(jian)(jian)的(de)(de)(de)簽署都必(bi)須落實具體(ti)的(de)(de)(de)簽署要(yao)(yao)求，特別(bie)是(shi)要(yao)(yao)搭建(jian)靈活的(de)(de)(de)授(shou)(shou)(shou)權(quan)結構。我國是(shi)大(da)(da)陸法(fa)系國家，公(gong)司有關(guan)立(li)法(fa)明確了法(fa)定(ding)(ding)代(dai)表(biao)人制度。顯然(ran)，作為公(gong)司的(de)(de)(de)法(fa)定(ding)(ding)代(dai)表(biao)人，有權(quan)簽署相(xiang)關(guan)投(tou)標(biao)文(wen)(wen)件(jian)(jian)(jian)，這(zhe)種方式(shi)(shi)(shi)是(shi)最(zui)直接最(zui)安全的(de)(de)(de)方式(shi)(shi)(shi)，但是(shi)海外投(tou)標(biao)項(xiang)目(mu)(mu)采(cai)用這(zhe)種方式(shi)(shi)(shi)反(fan)而是(shi)弊大(da)(da)于(yu)利(li)，因為這(zhe)種方式(shi)(shi)(shi)決定(ding)(ding)了相(xiang)關(guan)的(de)(de)(de)文(wen)(wen)件(jian)(jian)(jian)只能在(zai)國內(nei)生成(cheng)，必(bi)須履行(xing)(xing)中國公(gong)證、雙認證和項(xiang)目(mu)(mu)所在(zai)國的(de)(de)(de)外交(jiao)認證手(shou)續(xu)。這(zhe)一(yi)套手(shou)續(xu)辦理下來，較快也需要(yao)(yao)一(yi)個月(yue)的(de)(de)(de)時間。一(yi)旦準備好的(de)(de)(de)文(wen)(wen)件(jian)(jian)(jian)臨時需要(yao)(yao)修改(gai)，將給(gei)順利(li)交(jiao)標(biao)帶來很大(da)(da)的(de)(de)(de)時間壓力。所以(yi)指定(ding)(ding)前(qian)方人員(yuan)作為授(shou)(shou)(shou)權(quan)代(dai)表(biao)這(zhe)種方式(shi)(shi)(shi)就(jiu)能簡化文(wen)(wen)件(jian)(jian)(jian)簽署的(de)(de)(de)兩國手(shou)續(xu)要(yao)(yao)求，節省時間。可行(xing)(xing)的(de)(de)(de)做法(fa)是(shi)由中資(zi)(zi)企業法(fa)定(ding)(ding)代(dai)表(biao)人簽署授(shou)(shou)(shou)權(quan)委托(tuo)書(shu)，委托(tuo)前(qian)方授(shou)(shou)(shou)權(quan)代(dai)表(biao)簽署相(xiang)關(guan)投(tou)標(biao)文(wen)(wen)件(jian)(jian)(jian)并辦理投(tou)標(biao)有關(guan)事宜。為此，必(bi)須確保授(shou)(shou)(shou)權(quan)委托(tuo)書(shu)符(fu)合(he)當地招標(biao)文(wen)(wen)件(jian)(jian)(jian)要(yao)(yao)求，不(bu)(bu)要(yao)(yao)出現授(shou)(shou)(shou)權(quan)事項(xiang)不(bu)(bu)清晰、授(shou)(shou)(shou)權(quan)范圍不(bu)(bu)充分(fen)的(de)(de)(de)情(qing)況。

三、聘請具有保函開具經驗的銀行，防范保函不合格風險

智(zhi)利(li)公路PPP項(xiang)目(mu)招標(biao)文件一般要求(qiu)投標(biao)人(ren)開(kai)具(ju)(ju)(ju)相(xiang)當于(yu)官方工程預(yu)算(suan)3%左(zuo)右的(de)投標(biao)保(bao)(bao)函(han)(han)，并明確(que)了(le)開(kai)具(ju)(ju)(ju)保(bao)(bao)函(han)(han)的(de)具(ju)(ju)(ju)體要求(qiu)。比如，保(bao)(bao)函(han)(han)開(kai)具(ju)(ju)(ju)銀(yin)行的(de)登記地域、保(bao)(bao)函(han)(han)金額、保(bao)(bao)函(han)(han)類型、開(kai)具(ju)(ju)(ju)份(fen)數、開(kai)具(ju)(ju)(ju)形式(shi)等(deng)等(deng)，但是由(you)于(yu)招標(biao)文件沒有(you)(you)出具(ju)(ju)(ju)保(bao)(bao)函(han)(han)模板，這給保(bao)(bao)函(han)(han)開(kai)具(ju)(ju)(ju)帶來了(le)一定的(de)文本風(feng)險(xian)，所以對于(yu)相(xiang)對不(bu)熟悉智(zhi)利(li)市場的(de)中(zhong)資企業，選擇(ze)(ze)保(bao)(bao)函(han)(han)開(kai)具(ju)(ju)(ju)機構至關重要。選聘時(shi)一定要確(que)認其是否曾經為(wei)智(zhi)利(li)公共工程部開(kai)具(ju)(ju)(ju)過PPP項(xiang)目(mu)保(bao)(bao)函(han)(han)，如果(guo)選擇(ze)(ze)了(le)一家不(bu)具(ju)(ju)(ju)有(you)(you)相(xiang)關保(bao)(bao)函(han)(han)開(kai)具(ju)(ju)(ju)經驗的(de)銀(yin)行，則為(wei)項(xiang)目(mu)組(zu)增加(jia)了(le)更多的(de)工作量去落實保(bao)(bao)函(han)(han)開(kai)具(ju)(ju)(ju)風(feng)險(xian)。此外，智(zhi)利(li)PPP公路特許項(xiang)目(mu)最近經常出現延期截(jie)標(biao)情況，所以要時(shi)刻關注(zhu)延期公告，選擇(ze)(ze)恰當時(shi)點正式(shi)開(kai)具(ju)(ju)(ju)保(bao)(bao)函(han)(han)，確(que)保(bao)(bao)滿足要求(qiu)。

四、聘請有經驗的當地會計師，防范財務報告轉換錯誤風險

智利PPP項(xiang)(xiang)目針對(dui)不同項(xiang)(xiang)目，設置不同的(de)(de)資(zi)(zi)質(zhi)(zhi)要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)求(qiu)，有(you)的(de)(de)是設置業績(ji)要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)求(qiu)，有(you)的(de)(de)是設置財(cai)務(wu)能力要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)求(qiu)，針對(dui)公(gong)路PPP項(xiang)(xiang)目，財(cai)務(wu)資(zi)(zi)質(zhi)(zhi)要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)求(qiu)是招標(biao)(biao)(biao)文(wen)件(jian)唯一(yi)的(de)(de)資(zi)(zi)質(zhi)(zhi)要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)求(qiu)，即投(tou)(tou)標(biao)(biao)(biao)人(ren)在(zai)投(tou)(tou)標(biao)(biao)(biao)日最(zui)近(jin)年度經審計(ji)的(de)(de)凈(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)資(zi)(zi)產(chan)不得低于官方(fang)工程(cheng)預(yu)算的(de)(de)25%左右。凈(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)資(zi)(zi)產(chan)的(de)(de)計(ji)算不得包(bao)括認繳(jiao)(jiao)出資(zi)(zi)但(dan)未實繳(jiao)(jiao)的(de)(de)部分，如果(guo)投(tou)(tou)標(biao)(biao)(biao)人(ren)既有(you)公(gong)司非合(he)并的(de)(de)財(cai)務(wu)報(bao)(bao)(bao)告(gao)(gao)又有(you)合(he)并的(de)(de)財(cai)務(wu)報(bao)(bao)(bao)告(gao)(gao)，其凈(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)資(zi)(zi)產(chan)的(de)(de)認定應參考合(he)并財(cai)務(wu)報(bao)(bao)(bao)告(gao)(gao)的(de)(de)數(shu)值。投(tou)(tou)標(biao)(biao)(biao)人(ren)如果(guo)自身凈(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)資(zi)(zi)產(chan)不能達到要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)求(qiu)，可以(yi)以(yi)向(xiang)上(shang)穿(chuan)透的(de)(de)方(fang)式以(yi)其上(shang)級(ji)公(gong)司的(de)(de)凈(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)資(zi)(zi)產(chan)來滿足招標(biao)(biao)(biao)文(wen)件(jian)的(de)(de)要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)求(qiu)，但(dan)是需以(yi)上(shang)級(ji)公(gong)司持(chi)有(you)投(tou)(tou)標(biao)(biao)(biao)人(ren)的(de)(de)股份比例進行計(ji)算。如果(guo)是以(yi)投(tou)(tou)標(biao)(biao)(biao)聯(lian)營(ying)體(ti)的(de)(de)方(fang)式參與投(tou)(tou)標(biao)(biao)(biao)，任何聯(lian)營(ying)體(ti)成員的(de)(de)凈(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)資(zi)(zi)產(chan)不得為(wei)負(fu)數(shu)。一(yi)般來說，中(zhong)資(zi)(zi)企業都能滿足此項(xiang)(xiang)財(cai)務(wu)能力資(zi)(zi)質(zhi)(zhi)要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)求(qiu)，但(dan)是中(zhong)資(zi)(zi)企業的(de)(de)財(cai)務(wu)報(bao)(bao)(bao)告(gao)(gao)為(wei)中(zhong)文(wen)且為(wei)人(ren)民幣計(ji)價，需要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)聘(pin)請當地(di)會(hui)計(ji)師事務(wu)所進行當地(di)幣財(cai)報(bao)(bao)(bao)轉(zhuan)換(huan)。這項(xiang)(xiang)工作要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)比想(xiang)象的(de)(de)復雜，由于語言、體(ti)系(xi)等(deng)不同，工作組內必須加強對(dui)當地(di)會(hui)計(ji)師轉(zhuan)換(huan)工作的(de)(de)管(guan)理和(he)復核，以(yi)免(mian)出現計(ji)算、轉(zhuan)換(huan)等(deng)錯誤(wu)。

五、重視特許公司設立承諾書，確保承諾書合法合規

中資(zi)企業海外投資(zi)抱團出海為常態，常以(yi)(yi)(yi)投標(biao)(biao)聯(lian)營體(ti)方(fang)式參加(jia)項(xiang)目(mu)投標(biao)(biao)，拉美地區(qu)各國(guo)特許(xu)(xu)(xu)項(xiang)目(mu)招標(biao)(biao)一般(ban)都(dou)要(yao)(yao)(yao)求(qiu)提供聯(lian)營體(ti)協(xie)(xie)議，比(bi)如(ru)，哥倫比(bi)亞、哥斯達黎加(jia)、巴西等(deng)國(guo)，如(ru)果以(yi)(yi)(yi)聯(lian)營體(ti)形式參加(jia)投標(biao)(biao)，要(yao)(yao)(yao)求(qiu)提供聯(lian)營體(ti)協(xie)(xie)議作(zuo)為投標(biao)(biao)文(wen)件(jian)之一，但智(zhi)利PPP公(gong)(gong)(gong)路項(xiang)目(mu)招標(biao)(biao)并沒有(you)要(yao)(yao)(yao)求(qiu)提交聯(lian)營體(ti)協(xie)(xie)議，是以(yi)(yi)(yi)特許(xu)(xu)(xu)公(gong)(gong)(gong)司(si)設立(li)承諾書的(de)(de)(de)形式代替(ti)聯(lian)營體(ti)協(xie)(xie)議。顯(xian)然，特許(xu)(xu)(xu)公(gong)(gong)(gong)司(si)承諾書的(de)(de)(de)要(yao)(yao)(yao)求(qiu)遠遠超過了聯(lian)營體(ti)協(xie)(xie)議的(de)(de)(de)內容，相當于中標(biao)(biao)后特許(xu)(xu)(xu)公(gong)(gong)(gong)司(si)公(gong)(gong)(gong)司(si)章程的(de)(de)(de)性質，其文(wen)本(ben)準備一方(fang)面(mian)要(yao)(yao)(yao)滿足(zu)招標(biao)(biao)文(wen)件(jian)對承諾書的(de)(de)(de)要(yao)(yao)(yao)求(qiu)，如(ru)要(yao)(yao)(yao)求(qiu)列明(ming)股東的(de)(de)(de)主(zhu)體(ti)信息；明(ming)確(que)特許(xu)(xu)(xu)公(gong)(gong)(gong)司(si)的(de)(de)(de)命名(ming)和經營目(mu)的(de)(de)(de)；規(gui)定特許(xu)(xu)(xu)公(gong)(gong)(gong)司(si)的(de)(de)(de)最低(di)注冊資(zi)本(ben)要(yao)(yao)(yao)求(qiu)，一般(ban)是不(bu)低(di)于官方(fang)工(gong)程預算的(de)(de)(de)20%；成立(li)臨(lin)時董事(shi)會(hui)等(deng)。另一方(fang)面(mian)又要(yao)(yao)(yao)滿足(zu)智(zhi)利公(gong)(gong)(gong)司(si)法(fa)、特許(xu)(xu)(xu)經營法(fa)對特許(xu)(xu)(xu)公(gong)(gong)(gong)司(si)的(de)(de)(de)有(you)關要(yao)(yao)(yao)求(qiu)，如(ru)特許(xu)(xu)(xu)公(gong)(gong)(gong)司(si)要(yao)(yao)(yao)按照智(zhi)利公(gong)(gong)(gong)眾股份公(gong)(gong)(gong)司(si)進行管(guan)理；董事(shi)會(hui)成員(yuan)不(bu)得低(di)于三(san)人；中標(biao)(biao)方(fang)持有(you)特許(xu)(xu)(xu)公(gong)(gong)(gong)司(si)股份比(bi)例不(bu)得低(di)于公(gong)(gong)(gong)司(si)股本(ben)的(de)(de)(de)51%；任命外部審(shen)計師等(deng)。所以(yi)(yi)(yi)，中資(zi)企業項(xiang)目(mu)組要(yao)(yao)(yao)重視此文(wen)件(jian)的(de)(de)(de)制作(zuo)，依靠(kao)當地顧問和加(jia)強內部審(shen)查，確(que)保承諾書合(he)法(fa)合(he)規(gui)。

六、做好澄清準備，確保順利通過技術標評審

交標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)當天，評標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)小(xiao)組(zu)(zu)會對交標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)的技(ji)術文(wen)(wen)件進行(xing)逐一(yi)檢(jian)查，檢(jian)查投(tou)標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)文(wen)(wen)件是(shi)否完(wan)整、缺項，主要(yao)是(shi)查看形式是(shi)否有(you)(you)問(wen)題。如果形式上沒有(you)(you)問(wen)題，評標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)小(xiao)組(zu)(zu)將會接受標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)書，會后(hou)詳細對投(tou)標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)文(wen)(wen)件進行(xing)實質審查，一(yi)旦技(ji)術標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)評標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)小(xiao)組(zu)(zu)發現(xian)投(tou)標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)文(wen)(wen)件存在不(bu)清(qing)楚(chu)、需要(yao)澄(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)清(qing)的地(di)(di)方，會要(yao)求相關投(tou)標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)人(ren)(ren)進行(xing)澄(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)清(qing)。因此，交標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)后(hou)招標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)方對投(tou)標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)人(ren)(ren)發出的澄(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)清(qing)問(wen)詢是(shi)投(tou)標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)人(ren)(ren)需要(yao)重點準備(bei)的一(yi)個環節。實務中，由于(yu)投(tou)標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)人(ren)(ren)收到澄(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)清(qing)要(yao)求的時(shi)(shi)間離經濟(ji)標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)開標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)時(shi)(shi)間非(fei)常(chang)近，而且給(gei)的澄(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)清(qing)時(shi)(shi)間非(fei)常(chang)短(duan)，對投(tou)標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)人(ren)(ren)提出了很(hen)高的要(yao)求。為了在很(hen)短(duan)的時(shi)(shi)間內完(wan)成澄(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)清(qing)，并且符合招標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)人(ren)(ren)的要(yao)求，中資(zi)企(qi)業必須提前做好澄(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)清(qing)預(yu)案。一(yi)是(shi)與外部顧問(wen)做好溝通(tong)，備(bei)好人(ren)(ren)員(yuan)(yuan)隨(sui)時(shi)(shi)準備(bei)投(tou)入(ru)工(gong)作(zuo)狀(zhuang)態；二是(shi)內部工(gong)作(zuo)組(zu)(zu)關鍵人(ren)(ren)員(yuan)(yuan)必須隨(sui)時(shi)(shi)待命，第(di)一(yi)時(shi)(shi)間分析澄(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)清(qing)要(yao)求，弄清(qing)楚(chu)問(wen)題所在，正確地(di)(di)作(zuo)出澄(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)清(qing)，完(wan)成相關手續，按時(shi)(shi)遞(di)交澄(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)清(qing)文(wen)(wen)件，以便通(tong)過技(ji)術文(wen)(wen)件的審查，進入(ru)最終的經濟(ji)標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)評標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)階段。

作者：徐柏圣 單(dan)位：中鐵建國際投(tou)資(zi)有限公(gong)司