導語：火電廠電氣(qi)自動化技術論文一(yi)文來源(yuan)于(yu)網(wang)友(you)上傳，不代表本(ben)站(zhan)觀點，若需要原創(chuang)文章可咨(zi)詢客服老(lao)師，歡迎(ying)參(can)考。

1當下火力發(fa)電廠監(jian)控系(xi)統存在的問題

1.1監控系統落后

目前，國內多數發電廠的監控系統較為落后，其采用的主要設備為中央信號光字牌。這種監測設備很難滿足故障信息的監測需求，使火電廠設備的運行和使用受(shou)到了極大的限制，同時(shi)也導致了生(sheng)產效率低下、安全性無(wu)法保障等(deng)一系列(lie)現實(shi)問題。

1.2控制系統缺陷

在(zai)(zai)大(da)多數(shu)發(fa)電廠內，升壓站依舊(jiu)采用(yong)傳(chuan)統(tong)(tong)的(de)(de)硬搬把（按鈕）進(jin)行生(sheng)(sheng)產操(cao)(cao)作(zuo)(zuo)。硬搬把在(zai)(zai)工作(zuo)(zuo)時間較(jiao)(jiao)長的(de)(de)情況下會產生(sheng)(sheng)磨(mo)損等(deng)問題，從(cong)而導致(zhi)操(cao)(cao)作(zuo)(zuo)失敗(bai)，容(rong)易引起操(cao)(cao)作(zuo)(zuo)事(shi)故，因此存在(zai)(zai)的(de)(de)風險系(xi)數(shu)較(jiao)(jiao)大(da)。除此之(zhi)外，公(gong)用(yong)操(cao)(cao)作(zuo)(zuo)系(xi)統(tong)(tong)存在(zai)(zai)諸多不便(bian)。公(gong)用(yong)系(xi)統(tong)(tong)是(shi)由(you)機組工作(zuo)(zuo)人(ren)員(yuan)進(jin)行輪流(liu)操(cao)(cao)作(zuo)(zuo)的(de)(de)，并且其無法納入(ru)DCS系(xi)統(tong)(tong)，這樣一來，就容(rong)易造成疏忽(hu)，導致(zhi)操(cao)(cao)作(zuo)(zuo)事(shi)故的(de)(de)發(fa)生(sheng)(sheng)。

2電氣自動化技術在火電廠的基本作用

一(yi)般來(lai)說(shuo)，傳統的(de)(de)(de)火力發(fa)電(dian)廠(chang)中的(de)(de)(de)DCS系(xi)統側重(zhong)于機爐的(de)(de)(de)簡單控制，而電(dian)氣系(xi)統則(ze)可以實現自動化(hua)(hua)控制。電(dian)氣自動化(hua)(hua)技術是以監(jian)視控制設備(bei)為主，通過(guo)數(shu)據(ju)連(lian)接和監(jian)控信(xin)息的(de)(de)(de)反饋反映出設備(bei)的(de)(de)(de)運行情(qing)(qing)況，并(bing)且能夠在發(fa)生意外事(shi)故的(de)(de)(de)時候采取緊急應對措施進(jin)行處理。將電(dian)氣自動化(hua)(hua)技術應用于火電(dian)廠(chang)當中，根據(ju)電(dian)量(liang)日常表(biao)(biao)、設備(bei)數(shu)據(ju)表(biao)(biao)、檢(jian)修報表(biao)(biao)提供的(de)(de)(de)相關(guan)信(xin)息，能夠及時分析出設備(bei)的(de)(de)(de)警告信(xin)號、動作事(shi)件異常情(qing)(qing)況，以此來(lai)避免重(zhong)大(da)事(shi)故的(de)(de)(de)發(fa)生。

3采用火電廠(chang)電氣(qi)自動化技術的目的

3.1采(cai)用(yong)火(huo)電廠(chang)電氣自動化技術的必要性

傳(chuan)統(tong)的(de)(de)(de)DCS技術(shu)無法滿足(zu)當下火電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)廠(chang)的(de)(de)(de)發(fa)展需求，根據社(she)會(hui)(hui)經濟發(fa)展的(de)(de)(de)一(yi)般規(gui)律，必然(ran)會(hui)(hui)遭(zao)到(dao)淘汰(tai)。2007-03，總理(li)就(jiu)提(ti)出(chu)了“十一(yi)五”期間關(guan)閉5.0×107kW小火電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機組的(de)(de)(de)目標(biao)，淘汰(tai)落后(hou)的(de)(de)(de)生(sheng)產方式(shi)，建設大機組，實(shi)行(xing)大規(gui)模的(de)(de)(de)自(zi)動(dong)化(hua)生(sheng)產，以(yi)提(ti)升(sheng)生(sheng)產效率(lv)。而(er)在這樣(yang)的(de)(de)(de)情況下，就(jiu)必須實(shi)現生(sheng)產的(de)(de)(de)集中化(hua)控制和輕松、快捷、簡(jian)便的(de)(de)(de)系(xi)統(tong)操作模式(shi)。為了達(da)到(dao)這一(yi)目標(biao)，就(jiu)必須采用(yong)(yong)火電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)廠(chang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)氣自(zi)動(dong)化(hua)技術(shu)，轉(zhuan)變(bian)過去單一(yi)采集電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)氣信號的(de)(de)(de)生(sheng)產模式(shi)，提(ti)高(gao)整個火力發(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)廠(chang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)氣自(zi)動(dong)化(hua)系(xi)統(tong)的(de)(de)(de)運行(xing)和管理(li)水平。采用(yong)(yong)火電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)廠(chang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)氣自(zi)動(dong)化(hua)技術(shu)，對于火力發(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)廠(chang)的(de)(de)(de)長足(zu)發(fa)展和進(jin)步起著至(zhi)關(guan)重要的(de)(de)(de)作用(yong)(yong)。

3.2完(wan)善(shan)火力發電廠的控制(zhi)系統

采(cai)用火(huo)(huo)力(li)發電(dian)廠電(dian)氣自動(dong)化(hua)技術最(zui)大的目的就是完善火(huo)(huo)力(li)發電(dian)廠的控(kong)制系統和(he)監測系統。電(dian)力(li)自動(dong)化(hua)技術應用水(shui)平的提升得益(yi)于(yu)科學(xue)技術的不斷進(jin)步(bu)和(he)發展，它對(dui)火(huo)(huo)力(li)發電(dian)廠的作用則體現在對(dui)生產過程各個方面有效的監控(kong)。火(huo)(huo)力(li)發電(dian)廠中，電(dian)氣自動(dong)化(hua)系統的監控(kong)裝置可以實(shi)現保護和(he)監控(kong)，還可以進(jin)行數(shu)據交換，實(shi)現火(huo)(huo)力(li)發電(dian)廠的信息化(hua)管(guan)理(li)和(he)控(kong)制。

4電氣(qi)自動化(hua)技(ji)術的應用配置(zhi)

自(zi)動(dong)化(hua)系統(tong)的(de)(de)通(tong)信帶寬通(tong)常(chang)高(gao)達10Mbit/s以上，100Mbit/s以太(tai)(tai)網(wang)(wang)也已經得(de)到了(le)廣(guang)泛應用(yong)(yong)(yong)。自(zi)動(dong)化(hua)系統(tong)以以太(tai)(tai)網(wang)(wang)為通(tong)信媒(mei)介，使用(yong)(yong)(yong)雙(shuang)絞線(xian)、同軸(zhou)電(dian)纜、光纖(xian)等介質(zhi)進行信號傳輸。電(dian)氣(qi)自(zi)動(dong)化(hua)技(ji)術在火(huo)力發(fa)電(dian)廠(chang)中主(zhu)要(yao)采取了(le)I/0集(ji)(ji)(ji)中控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)制方(fang)(fang)(fang)式(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)和(he)遠程(cheng)智(zhi)(zhi)能I/0方(fang)(fang)(fang)式(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)來(lai)(lai)完成(cheng)(cheng)監(jian)(jian)(jian)控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)。4.1I/0集(ji)(ji)(ji)中監(jian)(jian)(jian)控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)方(fang)(fang)(fang)式(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)I/0集(ji)(ji)(ji)中監(jian)(jian)(jian)控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)方(fang)(fang)(fang)式(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)通(tong)過(guo)硬接(jie)線(xian)電(dian)纜與集(ji)(ji)(ji)控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)室(shi)DCSI/0通(tong)道相(xiang)連，實(shi)現DCS對(dui)全廠(chang)電(dian)氣(qi)設(she)備(bei)的(de)(de)監(jian)(jian)(jian)控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)。在低(di)壓(ya)廠(chang)用(yong)(yong)(yong)電(dian)時，會使用(yong)(yong)(yong)UT-9935低(di)壓(ya)變保(bao)護(hu)測控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)置(zhi)(zhi)進行監(jian)(jian)(jian)控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)，而高(gao)壓(ya)電(dian)廠(chang)用(yong)(yong)(yong)電(dian)時，則采用(yong)(yong)(yong)UT-9921綜(zong)合(he)(he)保(bao)護(hu)測控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)置(zhi)(zhi)。4.2遠程(cheng)智(zhi)(zhi)能I/0監(jian)(jian)(jian)控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)方(fang)(fang)(fang)式(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)遠程(cheng)智(zhi)(zhi)能I/0監(jian)(jian)(jian)控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)方(fang)(fang)(fang)式(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)是(shi)針對(dui)較(jiao)遠現場(chang)設(she)立(li)的(de)(de)監(jian)(jian)(jian)控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)方(fang)(fang)(fang)式(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)，也成(cheng)(cheng)為現場(chang)A/D轉換(huan)機柜。這種監(jian)(jian)(jian)控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)方(fang)(fang)(fang)式(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)主(zhu)要(yao)采取硬接(jie)線(xian)電(dian)纜和(he)采集(ji)(ji)(ji)柜相(xiang)結合(he)(he)的(de)(de)方(fang)(fang)(fang)式(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)來(lai)(lai)實(shi)現，主(zhu)要(yao)應用(yong)(yong)(yong)雙(shuang)絞線(xian)來(lai)(lai)傳輸信號。遠程(cheng)智(zhi)(zhi)能I/0的(de)(de)監(jian)(jian)(jian)控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)方(fang)(fang)(fang)式(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)可以節省大量電(dian)纜，節約(yue)了(le)安裝(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)費用(yong)(yong)(yong)，但(dan)模擬量卡件(jian)不能有絲毫減少。除(chu)了(le)I/0集(ji)(ji)(ji)中監(jian)(jian)(jian)控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)方(fang)(fang)(fang)式(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)和(he)遠程(cheng)I/0方(fang)(fang)(fang)式(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)外，火(huo)電(dian)廠(chang)電(dian)氣(qi)自(zi)動(dong)化(hua)系統(tong)應用(yong)(yong)(yong)配置(zhi)(zhi)還涉及到站控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)層(ceng)、網(wang)(wang)控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)子(zi)系統(tong)等技(ji)術的(de)(de)應用(yong)(yong)(yong)。站控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)層(ceng)是(shi)火(huo)電(dian)廠(chang)后(hou)臺采用(yong)(yong)(yong)雙(shuang)操作(zuo)員(yuan)的(de)(de)監(jian)(jian)(jian)控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)手段，具有系統(tong)維護(hu)、故障分(fen)析和(he)保(bao)護(hu)管理(li)等功能。一般(ban)情(qing)況下，通(tong)常(chang)會在站控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)層(ceng)內設(she)置(zhi)(zhi)一套UT-2000綜(zong)合(he)(he)操作(zuo)屏，提供(gong)直(zhi)觀的(de)(de)監(jian)(jian)(jian)控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)模式(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)。網(wang)(wang)控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)子(zi)系統(tong)采取66kV以上電(dian)壓(ya)等級線(xian)路配置(zhi)(zhi)方(fang)(fang)(fang)式(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)，并且配置(zhi)(zhi)了(le)UT-600系列控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)制裝(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)置(zhi)(zhi)。

5結束語

目(mu)前，我國(guo)要想解決電(dian)(dian)(dian)氣(qi)系(xi)統中存在(zai)(zai)的(de)(de)(de)問(wen)(wen)題(ti)，深化(hua)電(dian)(dian)(dian)力市場的(de)(de)(de)機制(zhi)體制(zhi)改革，提升發電(dian)(dian)(dian)廠(chang)(chang)的(de)(de)(de)生產效率，最有(you)效的(de)(de)(de)途徑(jing)就是(shi)實現火力發電(dian)(dian)(dian)廠(chang)(chang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)氣(qi)自(zi)動(dong)(dong)化(hua)。通過(guo)上文的(de)(de)(de)分析，我們不難看出目(mu)前我國(guo)火電(dian)(dian)(dian)廠(chang)(chang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)氣(qi)自(zi)動(dong)(dong)化(hua)技(ji)術(shu)存在(zai)(zai)的(de)(de)(de)諸多問(wen)(wen)題(ti)。通過(guo)探究和分析，解決這一(yi)問(wen)(wen)題(ti)的(de)(de)(de)有(you)效途徑(jing)就是(shi)實現集(ji)控(kong)化(hua)管理，加快(kuai)電(dian)(dian)(dian)氣(qi)自(zi)動(dong)(dong)化(hua)的(de)(de)(de)發展步伐(fa)，實現火力發電(dian)(dian)(dian)廠(chang)(chang)發電(dian)(dian)(dian)機、鍋爐一(yi)體化(hua)的(de)(de)(de)監控(kong)模式，加強發電(dian)(dian)(dian)廠(chang)(chang)中電(dian)(dian)(dian)網的(de)(de)(de)統一(yi)運(yun)行和管理。同時，注重(zhong)DCS自(zi)動(dong)(dong)化(hua)系(xi)統的(de)(de)(de)應用，實現發電(dian)(dian)(dian)廠(chang)(chang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)氣(qi)綜合(he)自(zi)動(dong)(dong)化(hua)及(ji)其協調統一(yi)發展。

作者:倪焱瑤 王(wang)勵策 單位:撫(fu)順發電(dian)有限責任公司