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摘要：混合光纖同軸電纜（HybridFiberCoax，HFC）技術是一種兼具經濟性以及實用性的數字接入技術，其傳輸容量更為理想，可以有效強化雙向傳輸的能力，因此在我國得到十分廣泛的運用。HFC網絡與早期有線電視系統（CommunityAntennaTelevision，CATV）同軸電纜網絡之間有顯著的差異，所以在維護工作方面，需要維修人員結合hfc網絡特征制定針對性的措施。為此，分析HFC網絡結構，介紹目前HFC維護工作方面基本情況，從前端機房、網絡光纜干線等方面提出相應的日常維護方案，以期為(wei)我國電視HFC網絡光纜(lan)維(wei)修人員提供參(can)考與(yu)幫助。

關鍵詞：有線電視（CATV）；網絡光(guang)纜(lan)；日常維(wei)護

HFC網絡指混合光纖同軸電纜網，是一種十分經濟且實用的綜合性數字服務寬帶網接入技術[1]。HFC網絡干線采用光信號完成傳輸，用戶區域則采用電信號完成傳輸，因此必須經過電光轉化與光電轉化兩個不同的流程。相比傳統有線電視系統（CommunityAntennaTelevision，CATV）同軸電纜傳輸而言，HFC網絡的優勢在于信號的傳輸更為迅速、網絡信息量增加以及雙向傳輸能力得到強化。因此，HFC網絡光纜技術的應用也是推動我國有線電視發展的重要措施。目(mu)前，我國基本(ben)已經(jing)實現了HFC網(wang)(wang)絡電(dian)纜的全(quan)覆蓋。但HFC網(wang)(wang)絡光纜與傳(chuan)統電(dian)纜不同(tong)，因(yin)此傳(chuan)統維(wei)護(hu)方式并不適用。故而，維(wei)修人員應結(jie)合HFC網(wang)(wang)絡電(dian)纜特(te)征制(zhi)定具有針對性的解決方案，保(bao)證HFC網(wang)(wang)絡能夠(gou)正常穩定運行。

1HFC網絡結構

相較(jiao)于傳統(tong)有線電(dian)視網(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)而言，HFC網(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)絡(luo)的優(you)勢主要體(ti)現(xian)在傳輸量增(zeng)加、實現(xian)雙向化、網(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)絡(luo)布設便(bian)捷以(yi)(yi)及(ji)方(fang)便(bian)養護等方(fang)面(mian)。為(wei)了制(zhi)定更(geng)為(wei)具(ju)有適用(yong)(yong)(yong)性的維護管理制(zhi)度，維修人(ren)員(yuan)需要明確HFC的網(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)絡(luo)結(jie)構。HFC網(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)絡(luo)包含光纖(xian)干線網(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)絡(luo)、入(ru)(ru)戶網(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)絡(luo)以(yi)(yi)及(ji)光纖(xian)接(jie)(jie)入(ru)(ru)系統(tong)3個部分[2]，其基本工作(zuo)原理如下：廣播電(dian)視臺獲取有線電(dian)視的信號(hao)之后，對信號(hao)進行(xing)轉化，將其調整為(wei)光信號(hao)，經由(you)光纖(xian)干線網(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)絡(luo)傳輸至各個分區的用(yong)(yong)(yong)戶網(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)絡(luo)中，由(you)光纖(xian)接(jie)(jie)入(ru)(ru)系統(tong)進行(xing)接(jie)(jie)收，該系統(tong)網(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)絡(luo)方(fang)案較(jiao)為(wei)豐富，常用(yong)(yong)(yong)方(fang)案為(wei)CM方(fang)案；最終經由(you)用(yong)(yong)(yong)戶入(ru)(ru)戶網(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)絡(luo)傳輸使得所(suo)有用(yong)(yong)(yong)戶均(jun)可接(jie)(jie)入(ru)(ru)，該環節較(jiao)為(wei)常用(yong)(yong)(yong)的網(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)絡(luo)技術(shu)包括EoC技術(shu)以(yi)(yi)及(ji)LAN技術(shu)等。

2有線電視的光纜線路特點(dian)

如今(jin)(jin)，光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)纜(lan)(lan)(lan)已經成為(wei)(wei)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)線(xian)(xian)(xian)電(dian)(dian)視(shi)(shi)聯網(wang)的(de)(de)主要路徑(jing)，光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)纜(lan)(lan)(lan)的(de)(de)標(biao)準化、傳(chuan)輸指標(biao)以(yi)及(ji)質量(liang)需(xu)求與(yu)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)線(xian)(xian)(xian)電(dian)(dian)視(shi)(shi)傳(chuan)輸質量(liang)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)直(zhi)接(jie)關系。故而，需(xu)要保證(zheng)光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)纜(lan)(lan)(lan)鋪設(she)整體(ti)質量(liang)，同時也(ye)需(xu)要不(bu)斷加強對光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)纜(lan)(lan)(lan)的(de)(de)維(wei)(wei)護(hu)，這對于(yu)(yu)推動有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)線(xian)(xian)(xian)電(dian)(dian)視(shi)(shi)工(gong)程發展而言具有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)積極意義(yi)。而傳(chuan)統(tong)電(dian)(dian)纜(lan)(lan)(lan)的(de)(de)維(wei)(wei)護(hu)模(mo)式已經不(bu)適用(yong)(yong)(yong)于(yu)(yu)光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)纜(lan)(lan)(lan)，因此光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)纜(lan)(lan)(lan)維(wei)(wei)護(hu)工(gong)作(zuo)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)其(qi)緊迫性(xing)[3]。如今(jin)(jin)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)線(xian)(xian)(xian)電(dian)(dian)視(shi)(shi)光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)纜(lan)(lan)(lan)維(wei)(wei)護(hu)與(yu)傳(chuan)統(tong)意義(yi)上的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)纜(lan)(lan)(lan)維(wei)(wei)護(hu)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)十分顯著(zhu)的(de)(de)差異。例(li)如，目(mu)前(qian)我國研發了(le)(le)城(cheng)域(yu)網(wang)雙向改(gai)造方案，推動了(le)(le)我國有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)線(xian)(xian)(xian)電(dian)(dian)視(shi)(shi)業務(wu)的(de)(de)升(sheng)(sheng)級，基(ji)于(yu)(yu)HFC雙向網(wang)絡即時添加了(le)(le)寬帶接(jie)入、用(yong)(yong)(yong)戶高清點(dian)播以(yi)及(ji)可視(shi)(shi)電(dian)(dian)話等(deng)多(duo)項(xiang)業務(wu)內容(rong)，不(bu)僅方便(bian)了(le)(le)用(yong)(yong)(yong)戶觀看(kan)，豐富人們的(de)(de)業余生(sheng)活，同時也(ye)增加了(le)(le)經濟收入。有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)線(xian)(xian)(xian)電(dian)(dian)視(shi)(shi)的(de)(de)光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)纜(lan)(lan)(lan)具有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)一(yi)定(ding)的(de)(de)特(te)殊性(xing)，因此需(xu)要結合(he)實際情況制(zhi)定(ding)相應的(de)(de)維(wei)(wei)護(hu)措施(shi)。其(qi)特(te)殊性(xing)主要體(ti)現在(zai)如下方面(mian)。第(di)(di)一(yi)，結構(gou)性(xing)。一(yi)般情況下，有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)線(xian)(xian)(xian)電(dian)(dian)視(shi)(shi)光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)纜(lan)(lan)(lan)線(xian)(xian)(xian)路于(yu)(yu)光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)纖持續弱化的(de)(de)狀況下無(wu)(wu)需(xu)添加中繼設(she)備，為(wei)(wei)了(le)(le)保證(zheng)光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)纜(lan)(lan)(lan)不(bu)會遭受外界(jie)環境的(de)(de)干(gan)擾(rao)，需(xu)要應用(yong)(yong)(yong)合(he)適的(de)(de)防護(hu)方案適當提升(sheng)(sheng)光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)纜(lan)(lan)(lan)的(de)(de)抗干(gan)擾(rao)水平(ping)[4]。第(di)(di)二，穩(wen)定(ding)性(xing)。有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)線(xian)(xian)(xian)電(dian)(dian)視(shi)(shi)光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)纜(lan)(lan)(lan)電(dian)(dian)路于(yu)(yu)信(xin)(xin)號(hao)(hao)傳(chuan)輸期(qi)(qi)間(jian)不(bu)會輕易受到溫度的(de)(de)干(gan)擾(rao)，正是由(you)于(yu)(yu)其(qi)具有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)優秀(xiu)的(de)(de)穩(wen)定(ding)性(xing)，可以(yi)基(ji)本忽視(shi)(shi)施(shi)工(gong)期(qi)(qi)間(jian)或是使(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)期(qi)(qi)間(jian)溫度所(suo)產(chan)生(sheng)的(de)(de)影(ying)響(xiang)。第(di)(di)三(san)，接(jie)頭數量(liang)較少。因為(wei)(wei)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)線(xian)(xian)(xian)電(dian)(dian)視(shi)(shi)光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)纜(lan)(lan)(lan)干(gan)線(xian)(xian)(xian)范圍內無(wu)(wu)需(xu)使(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)大量(liang)的(de)(de)接(jie)頭，所(suo)以(yi)可以(yi)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)效減少自然(ran)因素對光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)纜(lan)(lan)(lan)所(suo)產(chan)生(sheng)的(de)(de)影(ying)響(xiang)。第(di)(di)四，有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)線(xian)(xian)(xian)電(dian)(dian)視(shi)(shi)光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)纜(lan)(lan)(lan)傳(chuan)輸信(xin)(xin)號(hao)(hao)能夠(gou)忽視(shi)(shi)電(dian)(dian)磁環境所(suo)產(chan)生(sheng)的(de)(de)影(ying)響(xiang)，使(shi)(shi)得施(shi)工(gong)與(yu)維(wei)(wei)護(hu)工(gong)作(zuo)更(geng)為(wei)(wei)方便(bian)。第(di)(di)五(wu)，光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)纜(lan)(lan)(lan)傳(chuan)送信(xin)(xin)號(hao)(hao)可以(yi)適當削減高端信(xin)(xin)號(hao)(hao)以(yi)及(ji)低端信(xin)(xin)號(hao)(hao)的(de)(de)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)關斜率，為(wei)(wei)光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)纜(lan)(lan)(lan)維(wei)(wei)護(hu)工(gong)作(zuo)提供了(le)(le)便(bian)利，保證(zheng)了(le)(le)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)線(xian)(xian)(xian)電(dian)(dian)視(shi)(shi)網(wang)絡信(xin)(xin)號(hao)(hao)發送、傳(chuan)輸以(yi)及(ji)接(jie)收質量(liang)。

3HFC網絡維(wei)護基本情況

通常(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)情(qing)(qing)況(kuang)下，維(wei)(wei)(wei)護(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)管理(li)工作(zuo)(zuo)可(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)分為(wei)(wei)(wei)日(ri)常(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)維(wei)(wei)(wei)護(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)及(ji)故(gu)(gu)(gu)障(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)維(wei)(wei)(wei)修(xiu)兩個(ge)(ge)環(huan)節(jie)。日(ri)常(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)維(wei)(wei)(wei)護(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)即例(li)行(xing)(xing)維(wei)(wei)(wei)護(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)，指(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)是針對(dui)(dui)有線電(dian)視網(wang)(wang)絡(luo)開展周期性檢(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)驗(yan)(yan)，以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)便盡(jin)快發(fa)(fa)現問題(ti)(ti)，并(bing)第(di)一(yi)時間(jian)予以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)解決(jue)。日(ri)常(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)維(wei)(wei)(wei)護(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)針對(dui)(dui)光網(wang)(wang)絡(luo)設(she)(she)(she)(she)備(bei)(bei)(bei)如光發(fa)(fa)射機、光分路器以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)及(ji)光接收(shou)等(deng)有關設(she)(she)(she)(she)備(bei)(bei)(bei)進(jin)(jin)行(xing)(xing)維(wei)(wei)(wei)護(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)，同(tong)時也(ye)需(xu)要(yao)(yao)針對(dui)(dui)用(yong)(yong)戶接入網(wang)(wang)絡(luo)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)各(ge)個(ge)(ge)設(she)(she)(she)(she)備(bei)(bei)(bei)進(jin)(jin)行(xing)(xing)維(wei)(wei)(wei)護(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)。核心工作(zuo)(zuo)具(ju)體(ti)(ti)如下：針對(dui)(dui)設(she)(she)(she)(she)備(bei)(bei)(bei)指(zhi)示(shi)燈進(jin)(jin)行(xing)(xing)檢(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)查，確保設(she)(she)(she)(she)備(bei)(bei)(bei)所(suo)在機房環(huan)境(jing)(jing)符合(he)要(yao)(yao)求，檢(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)查環(huan)境(jing)(jing)有無(wu)可(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)能對(dui)(dui)設(she)(she)(she)(she)備(bei)(bei)(bei)正常(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)運行(xing)(xing)產(chan)生負(fu)面影響；針對(dui)(dui)機房中(zhong)電(dian)源以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)及(ji)備(bei)(bei)(bei)用(yong)(yong)電(dian)源進(jin)(jin)行(xing)(xing)檢(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)驗(yan)(yan)，確認(ren)(ren)其是否處于正常(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)工作(zuo)(zuo)狀態；認(ren)(ren)真檢(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)查各(ge)個(ge)(ge)管道是否正常(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)[5]。通常(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)情(qing)(qing)況(kuang)下，維(wei)(wei)(wei)護(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)周期可(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)日(ri)、周、月(yue)、年為(wei)(wei)(wei)周期。日(ri)檢(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)與周檢(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)相較于月(yue)檢(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)與年檢(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)而(er)(er)言，間(jian)隔時間(jian)短，因(yin)(yin)此檢(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)測多(duo)(duo)集中(zhong)在變量較大(da)(da)或是高概率(lv)產(chan)生故(gu)(gu)(gu)障(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)部(bu)分，且檢(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)驗(yan)(yan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)范圍(wei)相對(dui)(dui)較小，不會對(dui)(dui)設(she)(she)(she)(she)備(bei)(bei)(bei)正常(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)使(shi)用(yong)(yong)產(chan)生明顯(xian)影響。而(er)(er)月(yue)檢(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)與年檢(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)因(yin)(yin)為(wei)(wei)(wei)時間(jian)間(jian)隔較長，所(suo)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)檢(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)驗(yan)(yan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)范圍(wei)也(ye)十分廣泛，內容也(ye)更為(wei)(wei)(wei)復雜。以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)年檢(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)為(wei)(wei)(wei)例(li)，通常(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)情(qing)(qing)況(kuang)下需(xu)要(yao)(yao)檢(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)驗(yan)(yan)整體(ti)(ti)有線電(dian)視網(wang)(wang)絡(luo)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)及(ji)系統(tong)情(qing)(qing)況(kuang)，因(yin)(yin)此該類(lei)(lei)型檢(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)驗(yan)(yan)需(xu)要(yao)(yao)耗費較長的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)時間(jian)，也(ye)需(xu)要(yao)(yao)企業(ye)投(tou)入大(da)(da)量成本。針對(dui)(dui)HFC有線電(dian)視網(wang)(wang)絡(luo)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)故(gu)(gu)(gu)障(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)維(wei)(wei)(wei)修(xiu)是維(wei)(wei)(wei)修(xiu)工作(zuo)(zuo)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)重(zhong)要(yao)(yao)環(huan)節(jie)，具(ju)體(ti)(ti)可(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)細分為(wei)(wei)(wei)故(gu)(gu)(gu)障(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)檢(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)驗(yan)(yan)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)及(ji)故(gu)(gu)(gu)障(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)排(pai)除(chu)(chu)(chu)兩種[6]。HFC網(wang)(wang)絡(luo)電(dian)纜(lan)涉及(ji)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)設(she)(she)(she)(she)備(bei)(bei)(bei)多(duo)(duo)種多(duo)(duo)樣。若HFC網(wang)(wang)絡(luo)電(dian)纜(lan)產(chan)生故(gu)(gu)(gu)障(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)，維(wei)(wei)(wei)修(xiu)人(ren)(ren)員(yuan)應(ying)先(xian)明確故(gu)(gu)(gu)障(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)產(chan)生的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)位置(zhi)，并(bing)通過合(he)理(li)方式(shi)在短期內確定(ding)故(gu)(gu)(gu)障(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)位置(zhi)并(bing)先(xian)對(dui)(dui)故(gu)(gu)(gu)障(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)予以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)分類(lei)(lei)。依(yi)照分類(lei)(lei)標準的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)不同(tong)，分類(lei)(lei)方式(shi)也(ye)多(duo)(duo)種多(duo)(duo)樣。維(wei)(wei)(wei)修(xiu)人(ren)(ren)員(yuan)預先(xian)對(dui)(dui)故(gu)(gu)(gu)障(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)進(jin)(jin)行(xing)(xing)分類(lei)(lei)，可(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)顯(xian)著提(ti)高排(pai)除(chu)(chu)(chu)故(gu)(gu)(gu)障(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)效率(lv)，同(tong)時提(ti)高排(pai)除(chu)(chu)(chu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)精(jing)確度。故(gu)(gu)(gu)障(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)排(pai)除(chu)(chu)(chu)方式(shi)也(ye)很多(duo)(duo)，若依(yi)照信(xin)(xin)號自發(fa)(fa)射直至用(yong)(yong)戶接收(shou)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)流(liu)程(cheng)加以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)劃分，可(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)分為(wei)(wei)(wei)光纖信(xin)(xin)號源故(gu)(gu)(gu)障(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)、光纖傳輸系統(tong)故(gu)(gu)(gu)障(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)及(ji)信(xin)(xin)號接收(shou)設(she)(she)(she)(she)備(bei)(bei)(bei)故(gu)(gu)(gu)障(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)等(deng)。維(wei)(wei)(wei)修(xiu)人(ren)(ren)員(yuan)通過排(pai)查確認(ren)(ren)發(fa)(fa)生問題(ti)(ti)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)具(ju)體(ti)(ti)系統(tong)之后(hou)，進(jin)(jin)一(yi)步分析故(gu)(gu)(gu)障(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)是硬件故(gu)(gu)(gu)障(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)所(suo)致還是軟件故(gu)(gu)(gu)障(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)所(suo)致。一(yi)般軟件故(gu)(gu)(gu)障(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)可(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)交由運營(ying)商(shang)系統(tong)管理(li)人(ren)(ren)員(yuan)予以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)排(pai)除(chu)(chu)(chu)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)及(ji)維(wei)(wei)(wei)護(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)，若是較為(wei)(wei)(wei)復雜的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)問題(ti)(ti)，則(ze)尋求軟件供應(ying)商(shang)幫(bang)助以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)排(pai)除(chu)(chu)(chu)故(gu)(gu)(gu)障(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)。若為(wei)(wei)(wei)硬件故(gu)(gu)(gu)障(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)，則(ze)維(wei)(wei)(wei)修(xiu)人(ren)(ren)員(yuan)可(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)借由設(she)(she)(she)(she)備(bei)(bei)(bei)指(zhi)示(shi)燈或是專業(ye)故(gu)(gu)(gu)障(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)排(pai)查設(she)(she)(she)(she)備(bei)(bei)(bei)開展檢(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)驗(yan)(yan)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)及(ji)維(wei)(wei)(wei)修(xiu)。

4HFC網絡(luo)日常維護措施

4.1HFC網絡前端機房的維(wei)護(hu)措施(shi)

有線電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)視信(xin)(xin)(xin)號(hao)(hao)(hao)若(ruo)要(yao)(yao)經由HFC網絡對外傳輸(shu)，必(bi)須先經過前(qian)端機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)房(fang)(fang)，這(zhe)也是(shi)HFC的(de)(de)(de)(de)起始位置(zhi)。前(qian)端機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)房(fang)(fang)可(ke)以(yi)(yi)(yi)把電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)視節目(mu)必(bi)需的(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)信(xin)(xin)(xin)號(hao)(hao)(hao)轉變(bian)為(wei)(wei)(wei)能夠在(zai)(zai)HFC干線中傳輸(shu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)光(guang)信(xin)(xin)(xin)號(hao)(hao)(hao)，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)信(xin)(xin)(xin)號(hao)(hao)(hao)轉變(bian)為(wei)(wei)(wei)光(guang)信(xin)(xin)(xin)號(hao)(hao)(hao)之(zhi)后，便(bian)(bian)可(ke)根據特定(ding)的(de)(de)(de)(de)比例將信(xin)(xin)(xin)號(hao)(hao)(hao)傳輸(shu)至(zhi)HFC干線上(shang)。有線電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)視信(xin)(xin)(xin)號(hao)(hao)(hao)普遍是(shi)以(yi)(yi)(yi)光(guang)信(xin)(xin)(xin)號(hao)(hao)(hao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)方式(shi)于HFC干線中進(jin)行(xing)(xing)傳送，所(suo)以(yi)(yi)(yi)將原本有線電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)視節目(mu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)信(xin)(xin)(xin)號(hao)(hao)(hao)轉化為(wei)(wei)(wei)光(guang)信(xin)(xin)(xin)號(hao)(hao)(hao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)設(she)(she)施便(bian)(bian)十分關(guan)鍵，需要(yao)(yao)引起維(wei)(wei)(wei)修(xiu)(xiu)人(ren)(ren)員(yuan)(yuan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)關(guan)注(zhu)與(yu)重視。維(wei)(wei)(wei)修(xiu)(xiu)人(ren)(ren)員(yuan)(yuan)在(zai)(zai)維(wei)(wei)(wei)護(hu)前(qian)端設(she)(she)備(bei)(bei)(bei)期(qi)(qi)間(jian)，需要(yao)(yao)尤為(wei)(wei)(wei)重視光(guang)發(fa)(fa)射(she)(she)(she)(she)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)(de)(de)維(wei)(wei)(wei)護(hu)工作(zuo)[7]。選(xuan)購光(guang)發(fa)(fa)射(she)(she)(she)(she)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)時(shi)，應(ying)該選(xuan)擇(ze)質量(liang)與(yu)性能優(you)秀，且(qie)穩定(ding)性理(li)想(xiang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)設(she)(she)備(bei)(bei)(bei)。維(wei)(wei)(wei)修(xiu)(xiu)人(ren)(ren)員(yuan)(yuan)應(ying)保(bao)(bao)證光(guang)放(fang)(fang)射(she)(she)(she)(she)器(qi)日常維(wei)(wei)(wei)護(hu)工作(zuo)質量(liang)。光(guang)發(fa)(fa)射(she)(she)(she)(she)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)在(zai)(zai)實(shi)際(ji)運行(xing)(xing)期(qi)(qi)間(jian)，對周圍環(huan)境的(de)(de)(de)(de)要(yao)(yao)求較(jiao)為(wei)(wei)(wei)苛刻(ke)，包括用(yong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)環(huan)境以(yi)(yi)(yi)及機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)房(fang)(fang)環(huan)境。其中，光(guang)發(fa)(fa)射(she)(she)(she)(she)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)對于供(gong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)環(huan)境的(de)(de)(de)(de)主要(yao)(yao)要(yao)(yao)求在(zai)(zai)于保(bao)(bao)證供(gong)應(ying)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流的(de)(de)(de)(de)穩定(ding)性，盡(jin)量(liang)避(bi)免出現(xian)(xian)供(gong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)中斷(duan)等(deng)(deng)(deng)問題。因此，維(wei)(wei)(wei)修(xiu)(xiu)人(ren)(ren)員(yuan)(yuan)應(ying)定(ding)期(qi)(qi)對電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源與(yu)備(bei)(bei)(bei)用(yong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源工作(zuo)情況進(jin)行(xing)(xing)檢驗，同(tong)時(shi)定(ding)期(qi)(qi)對供(gong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)設(she)(she)備(bei)(bei)(bei)進(jin)行(xing)(xing)維(wei)(wei)(wei)護(hu)，并保(bao)(bao)證儲電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)設(she)(she)備(bei)(bei)(bei)容量(liang)滿足光(guang)放(fang)(fang)射(she)(she)(she)(she)器(qi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)實(shi)際(ji)需求，以(yi)(yi)(yi)確保(bao)(bao)即便(bian)(bian)產生突然停電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)等(deng)(deng)(deng)現(xian)(xian)象，依(yi)舊可(ke)以(yi)(yi)(yi)為(wei)(wei)(wei)光(guang)放(fang)(fang)射(she)(she)(she)(she)器(qi)供(gong)應(ying)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)能。光(guang)放(fang)(fang)射(she)(she)(she)(she)器(qi)關(guan)于環(huan)境的(de)(de)(de)(de)要(yao)(yao)求體現(xian)(xian)在(zai)(zai)對機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)房(fang)(fang)溫度(du)(du)(du)與(yu)濕(shi)(shi)度(du)(du)(du)的(de)(de)(de)(de)管控(kong)。通常情況下(xia)，光(guang)放(fang)(fang)射(she)(she)(she)(she)器(qi)所(suo)在(zai)(zai)環(huan)境的(de)(de)(de)(de)溫度(du)(du)(du)應(ying)控(kong)制在(zai)(zai)20～28℃，最為(wei)(wei)(wei)適(shi)合(he)的(de)(de)(de)(de)溫度(du)(du)(du)為(wei)(wei)(wei)25℃，如果溫度(du)(du)(du)不在(zai)(zai)范(fan)(fan)圍之(zhi)內，有可(ke)能縮(suo)減設(she)(she)備(bei)(bei)(bei)的(de)(de)(de)(de)使用(yong)壽命(ming)，也不利于設(she)(she)備(bei)(bei)(bei)的(de)(de)(de)(de)穩定(ding)運行(xing)(xing)。在(zai)(zai)濕(shi)(shi)度(du)(du)(du)方面，一般情況下(xia)，機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)房(fang)(fang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)濕(shi)(shi)度(du)(du)(du)應(ying)處于40%～60%，最為(wei)(wei)(wei)適(shi)合(he)的(de)(de)(de)(de)濕(shi)(shi)度(du)(du)(du)為(wei)(wei)(wei)50%，若(ruo)濕(shi)(shi)度(du)(du)(du)不在(zai)(zai)適(shi)宜的(de)(de)(de)(de)范(fan)(fan)圍之(zhi)內，則可(ke)能影(ying)響光(guang)發(fa)(fa)射(she)(she)(she)(she)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)(de)(de)正常運行(xing)(xing)。因此，維(wei)(wei)(wei)修(xiu)(xiu)人(ren)(ren)員(yuan)(yuan)需要(yao)(yao)在(zai)(zai)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)房(fang)(fang)中安(an)設(she)(she)可(ke)以(yi)(yi)(yi)測量(liang)濕(shi)(shi)度(du)(du)(du)的(de)(de)(de)(de)感應(ying)設(she)(she)備(bei)(bei)(bei)，以(yi)(yi)(yi)實(shi)時(shi)觀察(cha)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)房(fang)(fang)當前(qian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)濕(shi)(shi)度(du)(du)(du)。若(ruo)出現(xian)(xian)濕(shi)(shi)度(du)(du)(du)過高或濕(shi)(shi)度(du)(du)(du)不足的(de)(de)(de)(de)問題，感應(ying)設(she)(she)備(bei)(bei)(bei)會及時(shi)通知(zhi)維(wei)(wei)(wei)修(xiu)(xiu)人(ren)(ren)員(yuan)(yuan)。此時(shi)，維(wei)(wei)(wei)修(xiu)(xiu)人(ren)(ren)員(yuan)(yuan)需要(yao)(yao)結合(he)實(shi)際(ji)情況選(xuan)用(yong)適(shi)合(he)的(de)(de)(de)(de)加濕(shi)(shi)與(yu)除(chu)濕(shi)(shi)方式(shi)，確保(bao)(bao)設(she)(she)備(bei)(bei)(bei)可(ke)以(yi)(yi)(yi)更加穩定(ding)地運行(xing)(xing)。針對部分存在(zai)(zai)鼠患或是(shi)蟲患的(de)(de)(de)(de)區域，還需要(yao)(yao)提防蟲、鼠等(deng)(deng)(deng)生物對設(she)(she)備(bei)(bei)(bei)的(de)(de)(de)(de)破壞，可(ke)以(yi)(yi)(yi)安(an)裝隔離裝置(zhi)避(bi)免其啃噬線路或是(shi)設(she)(she)備(bei)(bei)(bei)，避(bi)免導(dao)致設(she)(she)備(bei)(bei)(bei)故障(zhang)。

4.2HFC網絡光接收系(xi)統的維護

HFC網絡光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)接(jie)(jie)收系(xi)統是(shi)(shi)構成HFC的(de)(de)(de)關鍵部分。用(yong)戶(hu)區(qu)域無法直接(jie)(jie)獲得光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)信(xin)號(hao)，因(yin)此HFC光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)接(jie)(jie)收系(xi)統承(cheng)擔了將HFC網絡光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)纜(lan)(lan)干線之(zhi)中(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)信(xin)號(hao)轉化為(wei)(wei)電信(xin)號(hao)的(de)(de)(de)工作(zuo)(zuo)。光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)接(jie)(jie)收系(xi)統與(yu)(yu)光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)發射機(ji)相同(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)，對供(gong)(gong)電環(huan)(huan)境(jing)與(yu)(yu)周圍環(huan)(huan)境(jing)有較為(wei)(wei)嚴格(ge)的(de)(de)(de)要求(qiu)，不(bu)僅(jin)需要確保供(gong)(gong)電系(xi)統的(de)(de)(de)穩定(ding)(ding)，同(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)時(shi)(shi)也(ye)必須避(bi)免(mian)(mian)環(huan)(huan)境(jing)對設(she)備的(de)(de)(de)影響。為(wei)(wei)此，維(wei)(wei)(wei)修(xiu)(xiu)人員(yuan)不(bu)僅(jin)需要定(ding)(ding)期檢查供(gong)(gong)電設(she)備質量，同(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)時(shi)(shi)也(ye)需要做好對應的(de)(de)(de)防(fang)潮(chao)與(yu)(yu)防(fang)水(shui)措(cuo)(cuo)施，避(bi)免(mian)(mian)設(she)備因(yin)為(wei)(wei)環(huan)(huan)境(jing)因(yin)素(su)的(de)(de)(de)干擾而產生故障(zhang)。在(zai)架設(she)方案選擇(ze)方面，光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)接(jie)(jie)收站與(yu)(yu)光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)纜(lan)(lan)相同(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)，為(wei)(wei)室外架設(she)。故而，維(wei)(wei)(wei)修(xiu)(xiu)人員(yuan)在(zai)對光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)接(jie)(jie)收站進行維(wei)(wei)(wei)護(hu)期間(jian)，應尤其(qi)關注防(fang)潮(chao)以(yi)及(ji)(ji)防(fang)水(shui)措(cuo)(cuo)施是(shi)(shi)否有效，同(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)時(shi)(shi)確認供(gong)(gong)電設(she)備運行狀態以(yi)及(ji)(ji)接(jie)(jie)地是(shi)(shi)否正確等，同(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)時(shi)(shi)利用(yong)光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)鏈路核(he)心技(ji)術指(zhi)標(biao)分析(xi)光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)接(jie)(jie)收機(ji)與(yu)(yu)網絡運行指(zhi)標(biao)是(shi)(shi)否相符。維(wei)(wei)(wei)修(xiu)(xiu)人員(yuan)對光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)接(jie)(jie)收站的(de)(de)(de)維(wei)(wei)(wei)護(hu)工作(zuo)(zuo)應定(ding)(ding)期開展，合理制(zhi)定(ding)(ding)維(wei)(wei)(wei)護(hu)的(de)(de)(de)頻率(lv)與(yu)(yu)深(shen)度(du)，方便維(wei)(wei)(wei)修(xiu)(xiu)人員(yuan)可以(yi)盡快(kuai)解決(jue)存在(zai)的(de)(de)(de)隱(yin)患，以(yi)免(mian)(mian)HFC網絡傳輸工作(zuo)(zuo)無法正常開展。

4.3HFC網絡光纜干線的維護(hu)工作

HFC網絡光(guang)(guang)纜的(de)維(wei)護工作(zuo)必須從(cong)如(ru)下(xia)兩方面入手：第一，在購(gou)買光(guang)(guang)纜時，需(xu)要(yao)(yao)選擇質量(liang)優(you)秀的(de)光(guang)(guang)纜，尤其是挑選部分(fen)抗老(lao)化效果理想且具有優(you)秀阻(zu)燃性能的(de)光(guang)(guang)纜。第二(er)，維(wei)修人員(yuan)應加強對光(guang)(guang)纜的(de)日常檢修，針對部分(fen)容易出現故障的(de)區(qu)域(yu)，例如(ru)光(guang)(guang)纜布設位置處于施工現場附近，或是處于蟲(chong)害與(yu)鼠害較為嚴重的(de)區(qu)域(yu)以(yi)及校(xiao)園附近，維(wei)修人員(yuan)應將(jiang)其列為著重巡查的(de)目(mu)標；在巡查過程中要(yao)(yao)尤為重視線(xian)纜是否出現老(lao)化以(yi)及損壞現象(xiang)，確保線(xian)纜可以(yi)正常使用。

5結語

為了保證(zheng)(zheng)有(you)線電(dian)視信(xin)號能夠穩定傳(chuan)輸至用(yong)戶接收設(she)備，需要加強針(zhen)對(dui)HFC網(wang)(wang)絡(luo)的日(ri)常維(wei)護工作。作為維(wei)護人(ren)員，應(ying)明確HFC網(wang)(wang)絡(luo)電(dian)纜基本工作流程與(yu)構(gou)成構(gou)件，通過對(dui)網(wang)(wang)絡(luo)光纜干線以(yi)及前端機(ji)房等的維(wei)護，提高(gao)維(wei)護工作質量(liang)，保證(zheng)(zheng)用(yong)戶有(you)線電(dian)視節目觀看質量(liang)。

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作者：張新宇(yu) 單位：遼寧省北票市廣播電視臺