導語：如何才能寫好一篇灌漿施(shi)工技(ji)術，這就需(xu)要搜(sou)集整理(li)更多(duo)的資(zi)料和(he)文(wen)獻，歡迎閱讀(du)由公務員之家整理(li)的十篇范文(wen)，供你借鑒。

篇1

關鍵詞：灌漿；施工技術；水利工程

按(an)照灌(guan)(guan)(guan)漿(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)施工(gong)(gong)技(ji)術(shu)所發揮的的影響意義，一般(ban)將灌(guan)(guan)(guan)漿(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)施工(gong)(gong)技(ji)術(shu)分(fen)為七種類(lei)型(xing)：帷(wei)幕灌(guan)(guan)(guan)漿(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)、固結灌(guan)(guan)(guan)漿(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)、回填灌(guan)(guan)(guan)漿(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)、接(jie)觸灌(guan)(guan)(guan)漿(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)、接(jie)縫灌(guan)(guan)(guan)漿(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)、補強灌(guan)(guan)(guan)漿(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)和裂縫灌(guan)(guan)(guan)漿(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)；從灌(guan)(guan)(guan)漿(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)材料(liao)方面一般(ban)會把(ba)灌(guan)(guan)(guan)漿(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)施工(gong)(gong)技(ji)術(shu)分(fen)為：水(shui)泥灌(guan)(guan)(guan)漿(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)、黏土(tu)灌(guan)(guan)(guan)漿(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)、瀝(li)青灌(guan)(guan)(guan)漿(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)及(ji)化學材料(liao)灌(guan)(guan)(guan)漿(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)。

1 灌漿材料和灌注漿液(ye)

一(yi)般(ban)情(qing)況下，灌漿(jiang)(jiang)施工技術當中(zhong)采(cai)用的漿(jiang)(jiang)液是原材(cai)料、水、溶劑(ji)(ji)(ji)與(yu)一(yi)些外加劑(ji)(ji)(ji)混(hun)合在(zai)一(yi)起組成的。灌漿(jiang)(jiang)材(cai)料指的是，漿(jiang)(jiang)液當中(zhong)使用的主要制(zhi)劑(ji)(ji)(ji)，根(gen)據(ju)研發出(chu)來的漿(jiang)(jiang)液的具(ju)體狀態，灌漿(jiang)(jiang)材(cai)料一(yi)般(ban)分為兩種類型：粒狀灌漿(jiang)(jiang)材(cai)料（其漿(jiang)(jiang)液的固體顆(ke)粒一(yi)般(ban)是處在(zai)一(yi)個分散的懸浮狀態下）化(hua)學灌漿(jiang)(jiang)材(cai)料（其漿(jiang)(jiang)液一(yi)般(ban)處在(zai)一(yi)個真溶液狀態下）。

1.1 灌漿材料

水(shui)(shui)(shui)泥(ni)――灌漿施工技術當中，選用哪種類型(xing)的(de)水(shui)(shui)(shui)泥(ni)是需要(yao)依據灌漿最終的(de)具體要(yao)求和(he)周邊(bian)的(de)腐(fu)蝕(shi)度來決(jue)定(ding)的(de)。一般(ban)情況下(xia)，硅酸(suan)鹽及大壩水(shui)(shui)(shui)泥(ni)就能(neng)夠達到(dao)通常(chang)狀況下(xia)所提出的(de)要(yao)求，假設周邊(bian)環境屬于強酸(suan)性的(de)話(hua)，這時(shi)一定(ding)要(yao)警惕(ti)挑選使用具備(bei)抗酸(suan)性能(neng)的(de)水(shui)(shui)(shui)泥(ni)，以便于能(neng)夠達到(dao)實際(ji)的(de)標準(zhun)，同時(shi)需要(yao)由監理工作人員的(de)監督。

其中(zhong)，水泥(ni)(ni)的(de)使用(yong)必須(xu)要(yao)達到生(sheng)產(chan)及使用(yong)條件(jian)的(de)相關要(yao)求，針對那些(xie)已經受(shou)潮(chao)、過期(qi)是水泥(ni)(ni)是堅(jian)決不能夠使用(yong)的(de)。假(jia)設所選用(yong)的(de)水泥(ni)(ni)材料是比較細致(zhi)的(de)，以(yi)有效的(de)預防在長時(shi)間的(de)貯存中(zhong)，導(dao)致(zhi)水泥(ni)(ni)受(shou)潮(chao)的(de)情況產(chan)生(sheng)。

1.2 黏土和膨潤土

黏土(tu)。黏土(tu)是比較容易跟水相(xiang)混合，形成(cheng)分散，假(jia)設將(jiang)其(qi)進行塑造，在其(qi)處于穩定狀(zhuang)況下的時(shi)候是可(ke)以(yi)達到的。

膨潤土。通常(chang)，在水(shui)泥里加入(ru)適量(liang)(liang)的(de)膨潤土，把(ba)膨潤土的(de)數量(liang)(liang)有效的(de)控(kong)制在水(shui)泥數量(liang)(liang)的(de)2%到(dao)3%左右，以此才(cai)能(neng)(neng)夠(gou)達到(dao)一(yi)個穩(wen)定(ding)的(de)狀態，從而(er)漿液才(cai)能(neng)(neng)夠(gou)達到(dao)一(yi)個穩(wen)定(ding)的(de)狀態。1.3 其他材料

在(zai)(zai)進行大裂隙和溶洞灌注(zhu)的(de)(de)(de)過程中(zhong)，通常會使(shi)用(yong)到(dao)水(shui)(shui)(shui)泥砂漿(jiang)或者(zhe)水(shui)(shui)(shui)泥土砂漿(jiang)，依據灌漿(jiang)具體(ti)的(de)(de)(de)要求，可在(zai)(zai)水(shui)(shui)(shui)泥漿(jiang)液(ye)當中(zhong)加(jia)入適量(liang)的(de)(de)(de)外加(jia)劑(ji)，譬如，速凝(ning)劑(ji)、減水(shui)(shui)(shui)劑(ji)、穩定劑(ji)，促使(shi)其與水(shui)(shui)(shui)達到(dao)一個很好的(de)(de)(de)融合(he)，在(zai)(zai)此(ci)過程當中(zhong)需要加(jia)以(yi)特別注(zhu)意的(de)(de)(de)是，在(zai)(zai)水(shui)(shui)(shui)以(yi)溶液(ye)狀(zhuang)態的(de)(de)(de)時候再加(jia)入，灌漿(jiang)中(zhong)主要成分與外加(jia)劑(ji)比(bi)例一定要根據實驗(yan)室所得出的(de)(de)(de)具體(ti)數據和施工現場的(de)(de)(de)真實情況來(lai)制定。

水泥漿：

針對單一(yi)水(shui)(shui)(shui)泥漿液(ye)進行(xing)攪拌(ban)(ban)(ban)的時(shi)候(hou)，選(xuan)用(yong)普通攪拌(ban)(ban)(ban)機(ji)進行(xing)攪拌(ban)(ban)(ban)時(shi)間(jian)通常低于三分鐘；選(xuan)用(yong)告(gao)訴攪拌(ban)(ban)(ban)機(ji)的情(qing)況下，最(zui)少為(wei)三十(shi)秒，在使用(yong)漿液(ye)之前需(xu)要對其進行(xing)篩濾(lv)，自(zi)制(zhi)備(bei)直到完全用(yong)完期間(jian)最(zui)少為(wei)4個小(xiao)時(shi)。（一(yi)般情(qing)況下，水(shui)(shui)(shui)泥漿的配(pei)比為(wei)：水(shui)(shui)(shui)：水(shui)(shui)(shui)泥=10：1～10：0.5）

黏土漿：

黏土(tu)(tu)漿(jiang)有兩種不同(tong)的配置方式：將一(yi)定量水與土(tu)(tu)混合在一(yi)起，在歷(li)經一(yi)定的時間之后對其(qi)加以攪拌，得出(chu)所需漿(jiang)液(ye)。把粘土(tu)(tu)根(gen)據(ju)當下(xia)的具體實際濃度(du)原(yuan)漿(jiang)，把一(yi)部分原(yuan)漿(jiang)跟水混合在一(yi)起，一(yi)般情況下(xia)，原(yuan)漿(jiang)的配置是根(gen)據(ju)以下(xia)程(cheng)序進行的：

浸泡(pao)崩解。把粘土摻(chan)入水中，促使粘土發生物(wu)理化學性(xing)反應，轉化成泥；

攪拌(ban)黏(nian)土(tu)(tu)原漿(jiang)。把粘土(tu)(tu)浸入水(shui)(shui)里以后，對已(yi)經產(chan)生狀(zhuang)態變化的泥經過泥漿(jiang)的攪拌(ban)，之后加入定(ding)量的水(shui)(shui)，粘土(tu)(tu)會慢(man)慢(man)的變成具有一(yi)定(ding)濃度的粘土(tu)(tu)原漿(jiang)。

水泥黏土漿：

因水泥與(yu)粘土都有自己的特點，把兩者混合(he)在一起(qi)可以可好(hao)的進行優缺點的互相補充，轉變為質量(liang)好(hao)的灌注漿液。在此(ci)其中，水泥與(yu)粘土的比例(li)一般需要(yao)掌控(kong)在[1：1～1：4]；水與(yu)干料(liao)的比例(li)一般需掌控(kong)在[3：1～1：1]，因不同材料(liao)有著不同的功能及(ji)作(zuo)用，為此(ci)，科學合(he)理(li)的配比是一定要(yao)經過相關實驗，在相關數據(ju)的證明前(qian)提下進行最終的確(que)定。

水泥砂漿及水泥黏(nian)土砂漿：

水(shui)泥(ni)砂(sha)(sha)漿(jiang)。針對(dui)縫隙大(da)的(de)(de)(de)情(qing)況(kuang)、有(you)溶洞存在(zai)或者(zhe)巖石的(de)(de)(de)狀(zhuang)況(kuang)下，灌漿(jiang)施(shi)工技術則(ze)(ze)會有(you)著更高的(de)(de)(de)要求(qiu)。通(tong)常，需要選擇使用水(shui)泥(ni)砂(sha)(sha)漿(jiang)的(de)(de)(de)方式(shi)，這種(zhong)灌注(zhu)溶液(ye)粘(zhan)稠度比(bi)較(jiao)大(da)，以(yi)此很好的(de)(de)(de)避免了浪費情(qing)況(kuang)的(de)(de)(de)發(fa)生，且(qie)其具備(bei)較(jiao)強的(de)(de)(de)粘(zhan)合力、高持久(jiu)性(xing)，同時滲漏(lou)狀(zhuang)況(kuang)可(ke)(ke)以(yi)獲得(de)較(jiao)好的(de)(de)(de)掌(zhang)控(kong)。砂(sha)(sha)漿(jiang)當中，水(shui)含量(liang)要比(bi)水(shui)泥(ni)含量(liang)低，否則(ze)(ze)就會造成沙子(zi)沉(chen)積(ji)的(de)(de)(de)現(xian)象。為能夠促使沉(chen)積(ji)可(ke)(ke)以(yi)得(de)到有(you)效掌(zhang)控(kong)，在(zai)其中可(ke)(ke)加(jia)入一定量(liang)的(de)(de)(de)塑化(hua)劑(ji)、粉(fen)煤灰等。

水(shui)(shui)泥(ni)黏土砂漿。水(shui)(shui)泥(ni)砂漿其(qi)實(shi)是凝固狀態下(xia)的(de)(de)水(shui)(shui)泥(ni)，其(qi)是強(qiang)化水(shui)(shui)泥(ni)硬度的(de)(de)關鍵構(gou)成(cheng)(cheng)部(bu)分，然而(er)粘土可(ke)以輔助(zhu)其(qi)穩(wen)定性能(neng)，沙子能(neng)夠進行很好的(de)(de)填充，如果想要很好的(de)(de)完成(cheng)(cheng)對(dui)水(shui)(shui)泥(ni)砂漿的(de)(de)制作。但通常狀況下(xia)，沙子是可(ke)以在最后一步完全形成(cheng)(cheng)的(de)(de)。

2 水(shui)利灌漿施工技術的有(you)效運用

2.1 灌漿施工(gong)技術在巖溶地區的應用

灌漿施(shi)(shi)工技(ji)術(shu)(shu)在巖(yan)溶地區(qu)的運(yun)用情況包含以下(xia)兩種方式：巖(yan)溶中(zhong)無(wu)填(tian)充物(wu)(wu)完成指定的工作；巖(yan)溶中(zhong)有填(tian)充物(wu)(wu)。其(qi)中(zhong)，通常在有填(tian)充物(wu)(wu)的情況下(xia)，對灌漿施(shi)(shi)工技(ji)術(shu)(shu)則有著更高水(shui)平(ping)的要求。

針對巖(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)溶(rong)(rong)地(di)區(qu)(qu)將(jiang)采(cai)用高(gao)壓灌(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)漿(jiang)技(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)進(jin)行(xing)基礎灌(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)漿(jiang)，假設其(qi)填充物已達(da)到(dao)相關(guan)要(yao)求，一般在(zai)這種狀(zhuang)況下會(hui)專(zhuan)門的(de)(de)(de)挑選(xuan)(xuan)高(gao)壓水(shui)泥(ni)進(jin)行(xing)灌(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)漿(jiang)，以(yi)(yi)(yi)便于能(neng)(neng)夠(gou)達(da)到(dao)性能(neng)(neng)的(de)(de)(de)穩定(ding)性。若想達(da)到(dao)更(geng)好(hao)的(de)(de)(de)防水(shui)效果通常會(hui)在(zai)巖(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)溶(rong)(rong)地(di)區(qu)(qu)施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)中選(xuan)(xuan)擇進(jin)行(xing)高(gao)壓灌(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)漿(jiang)。當(dang)下熔(rong)巖(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)地(di)區(qu)(qu)發育地(di)段(duan)采(cai)用高(gao)壓灌(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)漿(jiang)進(jin)行(xing)巖(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)溶(rong)(rong)地(di)段(duan)灌(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)漿(jiang)施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)是依(yi)靠(kao)以(yi)(yi)(yi)往的(de)(de)(de)成(cheng)功經驗及相關(guan)技(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)成(cheng)果開展(zhan)起來的(de)(de)(de)，在(zai)短時(shi)間之內，未形成(cheng)成(cheng)型的(de)(de)(de)科學(xue)技(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)。當(dang)前，巖(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)溶(rong)(rong)地(di)段(duan)基礎施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)主要(yao)劃分(fen)為(wei)(wei)：巖(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)溶(rong)(rong)地(di)區(qu)(qu)無填充物和巖(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)溶(rong)(rong)地(di)區(qu)(qu)有(you)填充物，其(qi)中，針對巖(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)溶(rong)(rong)地(di)段(duan)有(you)填充物的(de)(de)(de)在(zai)施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)技(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)上將(jiang)會(hui)更(geng)加嚴格。為(wei)(wei)此，工(gong)(gong)程施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)作業當(dang)中需(xu)要(yao)依(yi)據巖(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)溶(rong)(rong)的(de)(de)(de)深淺和大小來確定(ding)灌(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)漿(jiang)技(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)具體方(fang)案。施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)作業當(dang)中，處理(li)巖(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)溶(rong)(rong)往往采(cai)用不(bu)沖洗高(gao)壓水(shui)泥(ni)灌(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)漿(jiang)，這種方(fang)法不(bu)單(dan)單(dan)可(ke)以(yi)(yi)(yi)有(you)效的(de)(de)(de)提升其(qi)穩定(ding)性能(neng)(neng)及抗滲(shen)性，同時(shi)還可(ke)以(yi)(yi)(yi)致(zhi)使水(shui)泥(ni)以(yi)(yi)(yi)條狀(zhuang)的(de)(de)(de)狀(zhuang)況慢慢的(de)(de)(de)插入到(dao)土(tu)體中，形成(cheng)網格狀(zhuang)，以(yi)(yi)(yi)此能(neng)(neng)夠(gou)很好(hao)的(de)(de)(de)促使基礎穩固性能(neng)(neng)的(de)(de)(de)提升。

高壓旋噴(pen)灌漿(jiang)(jiang)通常是(shi)運用鉆(zhan)(zhan)機將含有(you)特殊(shu)噴(pen)嘴(zui)的(de)灌漿(jiang)(jiang)管鉆(zhan)(zhan)入土(tu)層(ceng)的(de)預(yu)定方位之后，于噴(pen)射水泥(ni)的(de)過(guo)程(cheng)當中(zhong)針對固有(you)土(tu)層(ceng)加以一定程(cheng)度的(de)破壞，以此能夠導致水泥(ni)漿(jiang)(jiang)、被破壞的(de)土(tu)層(ceng)慢慢的(de)形成混合(he)攪(jiao)拌物(wu)。當水泥(ni)攪(jiao)拌物(wu)凝固后逐漸(jian)跟巖溶地區形成結(jie)實的(de)主體，從而有(you)助于工程(cheng)地基更加穩固，提(ti)高工程(cheng)施工質(zhi)量。

針(zhen)對淺(qian)層(ceng)含巖溶(rong)地(di)區通常會選則采用基礎灌漿施工技術開展基礎灌漿。淺(qian)層(ceng)地(di)區中巖溶(rong)水平度通常會比較(jiao)淺(qian)，把沙土進行有(you)效處理之后，把水泥漿進行回灌，爭(zheng)取能夠達到所規(gui)定的灌注標準。

2.2 對于吸漿加大的(de)水利(li)工程進行的(de)灌注方法

針(zhen)對(dui)具有(you)大吸(xi)漿(jiang)量(liang)(liang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)狀況，通常在水(shui)(shui)(shui)利水(shui)(shui)(shui)電(dian)(dian)工(gong)程巖(yan)縫灌漿(jiang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)時(shi)候將時(shi)間控制在1-3h，耗灰量(liang)(liang)一般小于(yu)或者等于(yu)120-220kg/m，要(yao)(yao)記住，一定(ding)要(yao)(yao)遵(zun)循正確(que)的(de)(de)(de)(de)施工(gong)工(gong)序開展所(suo)有(you)的(de)(de)(de)(de)工(gong)作。這主要(yao)(yao)是由于(yu)在特殊的(de)(de)(de)(de)地層結構(gou)狀況下會(hui)造成水(shui)(shui)(shui)泥漿(jiang)從臨近的(de)(de)(de)(de)地表溢出來，巖(yan)縫大吸(xi)漿(jiang)量(liang)(liang)會(hui)嚴重的(de)(de)(de)(de)對(dui)灌漿(jiang)施工(gong)造成巨大的(de)(de)(de)(de)影響，致使工(gong)程施工(gong)不能夠在規定(ding)的(de)(de)(de)(de)時(shi)間內完成，其會(hui)順(shun)著一個固定(ding)的(de)(de)(de)(de)通道慢(man)慢(man)流失(shi)。為此，在水(shui)(shui)(shui)利水(shui)(shui)(shui)電(dian)(dian)工(gong)程基礎灌漿(jiang)施工(gong)作業(ye)當中一定(ding)要(yao)(yao)提前采取有(you)效的(de)(de)(de)(de)預防(fang)措施，制定(ding)基礎灌漿(jiang)施工(gong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)問題(ti)解決方案，以免有(you)巨大損失(shi)問題(ti)的(de)(de)(de)(de)發生。

結束語：

隨著時(shi)間的(de)變化(hua)，當在現有具(ju)體狀況產生(sheng)改變的(de)時(shi)候，則需(xu)要(yao)(yao)依據相關方(fang)面的(de)要(yao)(yao)求來挑選使用灌漿(jiang)施工技術方(fang)案。在今后(hou)的(de)工作當中，需(xu)要(yao)(yao)對原有的(de)灌漿(jiang)施工技術進行不斷(duan)的(de)創新(xin)，加以完善(shan)，以創建(jian)出高(gao)質(zhi)量、高(gao)效益(yi)的(de)水(shui)利(li)工程。

參考文獻

[1] 鐘漢華.城市水(shui)利工程施工技(ji)術.2008.

篇2

 

引言：

 

由于(yu)水(shui)(shui)利工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)項目本身就具有(you)很多優點，比(bi)如發展空間比(bi)較大，而且速度也(ye)比(bi)較快，但(dan)是為了能夠進(jin)(jin)一步的推(tui)動水(shui)(shui)利工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)建設更好更快的發展，施工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)單位應該對(dui)水(shui)(shui)利工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)施工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)過程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)中(zhong)的每個(ge)(ge)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)序的質(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)進(jin)(jin)行(xing)有(you)效的管(guan)理控制，尤其是對(dui)地基工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)的施工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)，地基工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)施工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)質(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)的好壞則對(dui)整個(ge)(ge)水(shui)(shui)利工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)的質(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)具有(you)直接決定性(xing)作用，因此(ci)，在對(dui)地基進(jin)(jin)行(xing)施工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)的過程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)中(zhong)，施工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)單位就要采用巖(yan)基灌(guan)漿施工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)技術，盡量(liang)做到水(shui)(shui)利工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)的施工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)現場的土質(zhi)(zhi)條件(jian)和巖(yan)基灌(guan)漿施工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)技術相適應，對(dui)巖(yan)基灌(guan)漿施工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)技術給予充分的重視，進(jin)(jin)而也(ye)就保證(zheng)了水(shui)(shui)利工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)的質(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)水(shui)(shui)平符合標準要求(qiu)。

 

一、灌漿的分類

 

在(zai)水(shui)利工程施工的(de)(de)(de)過程中(zhong)，使用的(de)(de)(de)灌漿(jiang)(jiang)一(yi)般情況(kuang)下(xia)是(shi)指某種具有一(yi)定(ding)流動性(xing)的(de)(de)(de)膠凝漿(jiang)(jiang)料，通(tong)過鉆孔根據一(yi)定(ding)的(de)(de)(de)比例壓進(jin)(jin)(jin)灌漿(jiang)(jiang)設備，基于每項(xiang)措施的(de)(de)(de)條件下(xia)，能(neng)夠有效的(de)(de)(de)降低建筑物出現的(de)(de)(de)部分裂縫。灌漿(jiang)(jiang)技術(shu)(shu)的(de)(de)(de)實(shi)質(zhi)是(shi)把調制好的(de)(de)(de)漿(jiang)(jiang)料倒進(jin)(jin)(jin)施工過程中(zhong)相應的(de)(de)(de)載體中(zhong)進(jin)(jin)(jin)行(xing)一(yi)定(ding)程度的(de)(de)(de)滲(shen)透和擴散，并(bing)且(qie)設置(zhi)一(yi)定(ding)的(de)(de)(de)時間讓(rang)漿(jiang)(jiang)料進(jin)(jin)(jin)行(xing)硬化(hua)，其硬化(hua)的(de)(de)(de)目的(de)(de)(de)就是(shi)進(jin)(jin)(jin)一(yi)步的(de)(de)(de)增強載體、抗滲(shen)性(xing)能(neng)以及防水(shui)性(xing)能(neng)。通(tong)常情況(kuang)下(xia)，灌漿(jiang)(jiang)施工技術(shu)(shu)主要所(suo)起到的(de)(de)(de)作用有防滲(shen)灌漿(jiang)(jiang)、回填灌漿(jiang)(jiang)、補強灌漿(jiang)(jiang)以及巖石固結灌漿(jiang)(jiang)等。

 

按照灌(guan)漿(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)的(de)(de)用(yong)途(tu)可(ke)以(yi)分(fen)為(wei)(wei)兩種，即固結灌(guan)漿(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)、接觸灌(guan)漿(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)。固結灌(guan)漿(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)是(shi)指把漿(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)灌(guan)注到(dao)大壩的(de)(de)底部與基(ji)(ji)巖(yan)接觸帶以(yi)及漿(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)砌片石之間(jian)(jian)的(de)(de)差距，這(zhe)種灌(guan)漿(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)能夠(gou)直接避免出現(xian)大壩滲漏的(de)(de)現(xian)象，而接觸灌(guan)漿(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)則是(shi)指下面(mian)的(de)(de)基(ji)(ji)巖(yan)裂隙(xi)壩基(ji)(ji)底部以(yi)及構造帶之間(jian)(jian)進行灌(guan)注，能夠(gou)起到(dao)地下室防(fang)滲防(fang)漏的(de)(de)作用(yong)。按照灌(guan)漿(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)所使用(yong)的(de)(de)材料不同，可(ke)以(yi)把灌(guan)漿(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)分(fen)為(wei)(wei)三種，即水泥(ni)(ni)灌(guan)漿(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)、水泥(ni)(ni)粘土灌(guan)漿(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)以(yi)及化學(xue)灌(guan)漿(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)等，由于水泥(ni)(ni)灌(guan)漿(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)在這(zhe)三種類(lei)型中(zhong)成本更低，所產生的(de)(de)影響(xiang)也更加可(ke)靠(kao)，因此(ci)，水泥(ni)(ni)灌(guan)漿(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)施工(gong)技(ji)術(shu)在水利工(gong)程建設(she)中(zhong)應用(yong)的(de)(de)最為(wei)(wei)廣泛。

 

二(er)、巖基灌漿(jiang)施(shi)工技術在水利工程中的應用

 

(一)巖基灌漿施工技術在(zai)巖溶地段施工的具體應用

 

通常情況下，在(zai)水利工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)建(jian)設過(guo)程(cheng)(cheng)中，對(dui)地基的(de)施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)常常會(hui)遇到一些巖溶地段，這種地質條(tiao)件在(zai)一定(ding)程(cheng)(cheng)度上會(hui)對(dui)整個水利工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)的(de)質量(liang)產生影響。因此，在(zai)這種施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)土質條(tiao)件下進行(xing)灌漿(jiang)(jiang)施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)，相關的(de)施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)人(ren)(ren)員(yuan)(yuan)都是(shi)憑借自己以往(wang)積累的(de)施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)經驗以及(ji)對(dui)其(qi)他水利工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)項目施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)的(de)成果(guo)選擇(ze)合適的(de)方法，與(yu)此同時，施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)人(ren)(ren)員(yuan)(yuan)也(ye)可以根據灌漿(jiang)(jiang)中是(shi)否存在(zai)填充(chong)物(wu)對(dui)方法進行(xing)選擇(ze)并作出相應的(de)處理(li)。如果(guo)發現巖溶洞里(li)有較多(duo)的(de)填充(chong)物(wu)，施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)人(ren)(ren)員(yuan)(yuan)就要先進行(xing)清理(li)工(gong)(gong)(gong)作，使(shi)用相應的(de)施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)技(ji)術，從而能(neng)夠(gou)進一步的(de)保證施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)質量(liang)。

 

1、對(dui)巖溶地(di)段(duan)選擇(ze)高壓灌(guan)漿施工(gong)技術(shu)

 

在對巖(yan)溶里面存在的(de)(de)(de)填充物進(jin)行清理的(de)(de)(de)過程中(zhong)，一(yi)(yi)般情況下(xia)，相(xiang)關的(de)(de)(de)施(shi)工人員都是選擇使(shi)用不沖洗(xi)的(de)(de)(de)高(gao)壓灌(guan)漿(jiang)技術，這種做(zuo)法的(de)(de)(de)主要目的(de)(de)(de)就是為了能(neng)(neng)夠(gou)把(ba)巖(yan)溶中(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)填充物進(jin)行壓實，因(yin)此，高(gao)壓灌(guan)漿(jiang)施(shi)工技術不僅能(neng)(neng)夠(gou)提(ti)高(gao)穩定(ding)性(xing)，而且能(neng)(neng)夠(gou)在一(yi)(yi)定(ding)程度上提(ti)高(gao)它的(de)(de)(de)抗滲性(xing)能(neng)(neng)。除(chu)此之(zhi)外，高(gao)壓灌(guan)漿(jiang)施(shi)工技術在一(yi)(yi)定(ding)條件下(xia)還具(ju)有劈裂作(zuo)用，因(yin)為它可以使(shi)水(shui)泥呈現出(chu)條帶(dai)的(de)(de)(de)形狀(zhuang)(zhuang)并且插入到土中(zhong)，從而能(neng)(neng)夠(gou)形成網格形狀(zhuang)(zhuang)，進(jin)一(yi)(yi)步的(de)(de)(de)提(ti)高(gao)壩體的(de)(de)(de)穩固性(xing)。

 

2、高壓旋噴灌漿施工技術在水利工程中的具體應用

 

高壓(ya)旋(xuan)噴灌漿施(shi)(shi)工技術主要是通過(guo)使用(yong)鉆機找到準確的(de)位置后，在(zai)(zai)這個(ge)位置上插入帶(dai)有(you)(you)特殊噴嘴的(de)灌漿，之后再利用(yong)高壓(ya)脈沖(chong)泵通過(guo)相(xiang)應的(de)噴射(she)裝置把符合施(shi)(shi)工標準要求的(de)水泥(ni)(ni)漿高速噴射(she)到土(tu)層(ceng)內(nei)，并且借助這種(zhong)沖(chong)擊力對(dui)土(tu)層(ceng)進(jin)行切(qie)削破壞相(xiang)應的(de)土(tu)體。另外(wai)，由于鉆桿(gan)在(zai)(zai)比較(jiao)高速旋(xuan)轉的(de)情況下可(ke)能(neng)(neng)會低速的(de)提升，進(jin)而也就能(neng)(neng)夠(gou)保證(zheng)水泥(ni)(ni)漿和(he)土(tu)體之間有(you)(you)足夠(gou)的(de)時間進(jin)行充分的(de)融合在(zai)(zai)一起，硬(ying)化(hua)之后，在(zai)(zai)地(di)(di)基的(de)中(zhong)間就能(neng)(neng)夠(gou)形成(cheng)一個(ge)直徑(jing)相(xiang)對(dui)比較(jiao)均勻的(de)圓柱體，從而有(you)(you)助于加固地(di)(di)基。

 

3、巖基(ji)灌(guan)漿施工技術在深層以及淺層巖溶中的應用

 

深(shen)層(ceng)巖(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)溶(rong)(rong)(rong)指(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)是(shi)埋藏(zang)的(de)(de)(de)深(shen)度在50m之(zhi)上的(de)(de)(de)巖(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)溶(rong)(rong)(rong)，對(dui)于這些(xie)深(shen)層(ceng)的(de)(de)(de)巖(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)溶(rong)(rong)(rong)來說，就(jiu)要(yao)根據(ju)相關的(de)(de)(de)需要(yao)采用巖(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)基灌(guan)(guan)漿(jiang)(jiang)施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)技術進行(xing)施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)，這種做(zuo)法不僅能(neng)(neng)夠(gou)擠(ji)壓固化巖(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)溶(rong)(rong)(rong)內部的(de)(de)(de)填(tian)充(chong)物，而且能(neng)(neng)夠(gou)在一定程(cheng)(cheng)度上提高地(di)基的(de)(de)(de)強度。與(yu)此同時，要(yao)對(dui)巖(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)溶(rong)(rong)(rong)孔洞的(de)(de)(de)位置進行(xing)鉆(zhan)孔工(gong)(gong)作，以便能(neng)(neng)夠(gou)為灌(guan)(guan)漿(jiang)(jiang)施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)工(gong)(gong)作提供便利，進而也就(jiu)保證了水(shui)利工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)地(di)基的(de)(de)(de)穩固性。而淺(qian)層(ceng)含泥巖(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)溶(rong)(rong)(rong)一般指(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)是(shi)埋藏(zang)土層(ceng)相對(dui)而言比(bi)較淺(qian)或者是(shi)那(nei)些(xie)巖(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)泥有很大一部分(fen)是(shi)暴(bao)露在外面的(de)(de)(de)情況，對(dui)于淺(qian)層(ceng)巖(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)溶(rong)(rong)(rong)就(jiu)需要(yao)把(ba)其中的(de)(de)(de)填(tian)充(chong)物取出來，之(zhi)后再(zai)使用水(shui)泥漿(jiang)(jiang)進行(xing)回填(tian)，然后再(zai)進行(xing)灌(guan)(guan)漿(jiang)(jiang)處(chu)理。

 

(二)巖基灌漿施工技(ji)術在嚴重漏水(shui)情(qing)況下(xia)的運用

 

在水利工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)的(de)(de)(de)過程(cheng)中(zhong)，出現的(de)(de)(de)嚴重(zhong)漏水現象(xiang)會(hui)直接引(yin)起水利工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)質量以及使(shi)用年限。但是造成嚴重(zhong)漏水現象(xiang)的(de)(de)(de)原因主(zhu)要有水利工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)選址，如(ru)果是具有很(hen)多溶洞和溶溝的(de)(de)(de)巖(yan)石地區(qu)，就容易出現漏水現象(xiang);另外，在實(shi)際施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)的(de)(de)(de)過程(cheng)中(zhong)，施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)人(ren)員(yuan)的(de)(de)(de)技(ji)術(shu)水平不高，也會(hui)在一定條件下導致的(de)(de)(de)漏水現象(xiang)。如(ru)果單(dan)獨使(shi)用一般(ban)的(de)(de)(de)灌漿(jiang)施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)方法則不會(hui)起到的(de)(de)(de)明(ming)顯的(de)(de)(de)效果，一般(ban)而言，需(xu)要施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)隊伍選擇合適的(de)(de)(de)施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)技(ji)術(shu)進行解決。

 

1、采用模袋灌漿的處(chu)理方法

 

模袋灌漿(jiang)(jiang)的(de)處理(li)方(fang)法由(you)于具有(you)(you)很高(gao)(gao)的(de)強(qiang)(qiang)度(du)，因此，已經被廣泛(fan)的(de)應用到水(shui)利工(gong)程中(zhong)。模袋灌漿(jiang)(jiang)的(de)主要成分是(shi)尼龍、聚酯等，具有(you)(you)比(bi)較強(qiang)(qiang)的(de)耐磨性。在(zai)灌漿(jiang)(jiang)施工(gong)中(zhong)使用模袋能(neng)(neng)夠使得漿(jiang)(jiang)中(zhong)的(de)水(shui)分滲出(chu)，而(er)(er)漿(jiang)(jiang)中(zhong)的(de)顆粒也(ye)可(ke)以直接(jie)留在(zai)模袋中(zhong)。從而(er)(er)能(neng)(neng)夠直接(jie)降(jiang)低(di)水(shui)灰比(bi)，減(jian)少了(le)水(shui)泥(ni)漿(jiang)(jiang)的(de)凝固(gu)時間，同時也(ye)就進一步的(de)提高(gao)(gao)了(le)凝固(gu)強(qiang)(qiang)度(du)。

 

2、采用充(chong)填級配(pei)料進行(xing)處理方法

 

如果在(zai)使用(yong)粘稠(chou)的(de)(de)(de)水(shui)泥漿(jiang)直(zhi)接灌入(ru)到(dao)砂(sha)(sha)礫(li)的(de)(de)(de)方(fang)法(fa)取(qu)得(de)的(de)(de)(de)效果不理想時，就需(xu)要(yao)使用(yong)充(chong)填(tian)級(ji)配(pei)料(liao)處(chu)(chu)理方(fang)法(fa)，實際上(shang)，充(chong)填(tian)級(ji)配(pei)料(liao)主要(yao)就是粗砂(sha)(sha)、礫(li)石以(yi)及水(shui)泥的(de)(de)(de)混合(he)(he)物，使用(yong)這(zhe)種處(chu)(chu)理方(fang)法(fa)能(neng)(neng)夠(gou)在(zai)地基中形(xing)成自然的(de)(de)(de)反過(guo)濾(lv)層(ceng)。但是，在(zai)水(shui)利工程(cheng)實際施工過(guo)程(cheng)中，要(yao)準確的(de)(de)(de)判斷(duan)灌入(ru)的(de)(de)(de)量，盡可能(neng)(neng)的(de)(de)(de)不造成填(tian)料(liao)的(de)(de)(de)浪費(fei)。科學合(he)(he)理的(de)(de)(de)填(tian)充(chong)配(pei)料(liao)不僅可以(yi)在(zai)礫(li)石的(de)(de)(de)最窄處(chu)(chu)“架橋”，堵住(zhu)裂縫(feng)，形(xing)成反過(guo)濾(lv)層(ceng)，而且還能(neng)(neng)夠(gou)在(zai)一(yi)定程(cheng)度上(shang)提高水(shui)利工程(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)抗滲水(shui)性能(neng)(neng)。

 

結語

 

綜上所述(shu)，水利(li)工(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)是民(min)生(sheng)(sheng)工(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)中的(de)(de)重要組成部分，水利(li)工(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)的(de)(de)施(shi)工(gong)質(zhi)量直接影響到人們的(de)(de)生(sheng)(sheng)產生(sheng)(sheng)活。在水利(li)工(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)地基(ji)處理(li)中，巖(yan)基(ji)灌漿技術(shu)是最為常用的(de)(de)一種(zhong)施(shi)工(gong)措施(shi)，被廣泛(fan)的(de)(de)使用在壩(ba)基(ji)加固及防滲處理(li)中。相(xiang)比其他工(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)建(jian)設，水利(li)工(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)對工(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)的(de)(de)防滲性要求(qiu)特別高，所以在實際的(de)(de)施(shi)工(gong)過(guo)程(cheng)(cheng)中，我們應該對工(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)地基(ji)進行(xing)嚴格的(de)(de)處理(li)，保證工(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)質(zhi)量。

篇3

關鍵詞：水(shui)利工(gong)程；灌漿技(ji)術

引言

灌(guan)漿技(ji)術在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)水利(li)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)有著自身(shen)的(de)(de)優(you)勢和優(you)點(dian)，其(qi)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)過(guo)程(cheng)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)更是采用相關的(de)(de)技(ji)術手段(duan)進行分(fen)析和綜合(he)處理(li)(li)，保(bao)證其(qi)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)的(de)(de)過(guo)程(cheng)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)有著良(liang)好(hao)的(de)(de)基礎處理(li)(li)措施(shi)(shi)(shi)和質量(liang)要求。灌(guan)漿施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)特別是在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)熔(rong)巖地區的(de)(de)灌(guan)漿施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)通(tong)常都是結合(he)傳統的(de)(de)施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)藝和當前施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)人員的(de)(de)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作經驗進行綜合(he)分(fen)析，設計和制定出合(he)理(li)(li)的(de)(de)控制措施(shi)(shi)(shi)和控制方法。在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)水利(li)施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)的(de)(de)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)應該因地制宜，在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)不(bu)同的(de)(de)地質情況下選擇不(bu)同的(de)(de)基礎灌(guan)漿技(ji)術能夠有效(xiao)合(he)理(li)(li)的(de)(de)保(bao)證施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)措施(shi)(shi)(shi)和施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)管理(li)(li)制度。把多(duo)種灌(guan)漿技(ji)術相結合(he)，爭(zheng)取使每種基礎灌(guan)漿方法在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)的(de)(de)過(guo)程(cheng)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)都發(fa)揮(hui)更大的(de)(de)作用。

一、基礎灌(guan)漿施工(gong)技術在水利工(gong)程中(zhong)的(de)應用

1.1 基礎灌漿施工技術在巖溶地區的應用

水利工(gong)程(cheng)在(zai)我(wo)國(guo)具有(you)(you)著發(fa)展速度快(kuai)、發(fa)展空間廣(guang)闊(kuo)的特點，隨著當(dang)前社(she)會技術不斷(duan)發(fa)展中，其(qi)(qi)各種(zhong)發(fa)展措施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)日益增加(jia)(jia)，在(zai)發(fa)展過(guo)程(cheng)中，各種(zhong)發(fa)展方(fang)(fang)式(shi)(shi)不斷(duan)的提高(gao)和(he)(he)利用(yong)，對(dui)(dui)巖(yan)溶(rong)地區(qu)的基(ji)礎(chu)處理沒有(you)(you)成型的技術，施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)人員在(zai)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)的時候大多(duo)數(shu)都是(shi)采用(yong)多(duo)年的基(ji)礎(chu)經(jing)驗進(jin)行(xing)分析(xi)和(he)(he)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)。對(dui)(dui)巖(yan)溶(rong)地區(qu)的基(ji)礎(chu)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)主(zhu)要分為兩種(zhong)，一種(zhong)是(shi)通(tong)過(guo)對(dui)(dui)巖(yan)溶(rong)地區(qu)各種(zhong)無填充(chong)物(wu)進(jin)行(xing)分析(xi)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)的基(ji)礎(chu)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)措施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)，另外一種(zhong)是(shi)巖(yan)溶(rong)地區(qu)本身具有(you)(you)可以(yi)當(dang)做(zuo)填充(chong)物(wu)的基(ji)礎(chu)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)措施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)和(he)(he)方(fang)(fang)式(shi)(shi)。對(dui)(dui)有(you)(you)填充(chong)物(wu)的基(ji)礎(chu)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)的技術要求(qiu)的更加(jia)(jia)嚴格。由于基(ji)礎(chu)灌漿施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)技術在(zai)應(ying)用(yong)的過(guo)程(cheng)中應(ying)用(yong)方(fang)(fang)式(shi)(shi)和(he)(he)應(ying)用(yong)措施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)是(shi)其(qi)(qi)主(zhu)要的施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)管(guan)理措施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)和(he)(he)控(kong)制方(fang)(fang)法。

（1）使用高(gao)(gao)壓(ya)灌(guan)漿(jiang)(jiang)技術對(dui)巖溶地區實施(shi)(shi)基(ji)(ji)(ji)礎(chu)灌(guan)漿(jiang)(jiang)。為了在(zai)當前(qian)建筑工(gong)(gong)程施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)中使得(de)其(qi)各種施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)管(guan)理(li)措施(shi)(shi)更(geng)加緊(jin)密，在(zai)巖溶區施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)的(de)(de)(de)過程中一般(ban)都使用不沖洗高(gao)(gao)壓(ya)水(shui)(shui)泥(ni)(ni)灌(guan)漿(jiang)(jiang)的(de)(de)(de)方法(fa)對(dui)其(qi)進行(xing)施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)和(he)管(guan)理(li)。使用高(gao)(gao)壓(ya)水(shui)(shui)泥(ni)(ni)灌(guan)漿(jiang)(jiang)法(fa)處理(li)的(de)(de)(de)基(ji)(ji)(ji)礎(chu)具有(you)很強(qiang)的(de)(de)(de)穩(wen)定性(xing)和(he)防滲水(shui)(shui)性(xing)。另(ling)外能(neng)夠在(zai)施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)的(de)(de)(de)過程中有(you)效(xiao)的(de)(de)(de)控(kong)制水(shui)(shui)泥(ni)(ni)的(de)(de)(de)走(zou)向，使得(de)水(shui)(shui)泥(ni)(ni)能(neng)夠合理(li)的(de)(de)(de)深入土壤，形(xing)成(cheng)系統化的(de)(de)(de)管(guan)理(li)控(kong)制措施(shi)(shi)。在(zai)滲透土壤的(de)(de)(de)過程中，水(shui)(shui)泥(ni)(ni)漿(jiang)(jiang)逐漸成(cheng)網狀結構，因此在(zai)當前(qian)水(shui)(shui)利(li)工(gong)(gong)程地基(ji)(ji)(ji)處理(li)中，水(shui)(shui)泥(ni)(ni)灌(guan)漿(jiang)(jiang)法(fa)的(de)(de)(de)使用有(you)著(zhu)很強(qiang)的(de)(de)(de)完整性(xing)和(he)抗劈裂能(neng)力，使得(de)基(ji)(ji)(ji)礎(chu)在(zai)使用中有(you)著(zhu)更(geng)強(qiang)的(de)(de)(de)穩(wen)定性(xing)，保證(zheng)了施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)基(ji)(ji)(ji)礎(chu)的(de)(de)(de)整體性(xing)和(he)質(zhi)量穩(wen)定性(xing)。

（2）使用高(gao)壓旋噴(pen)灌漿(jiang)技(ji)術對巖溶地(di)區實施(shi)基礎灌漿(jiang)。高(gao)壓噴(pen)旋樁(zhuang)施(shi)工技(ji)術在(zai)(zai)水利(li)工程(cheng)地(di)基處理中的利(li)用是當前水利(li)工程(cheng)施(shi)工的重(zhong)點形式，是在(zai)(zai)鉆(zhan)機(ji)的頭部(bu)安裝特殊的噴(pen)嘴，利(li)用在(zai)(zai)鉆(zhan)機(ji)鉆(zhan)進的過(guo)程(cheng)中通過(guo)鉆(zhan)頭特殊噴(pen)嘴來噴(pen)射出各(ge)種水泥(ni)進行綜合分析與應用的過(guo)程(cheng)。其噴(pen)出的水泥(ni)能(neng)夠(gou)有效(xiao)的對土壤原來成分進行破壞，形成新的凝固體(ti)，從而增(zeng)加地(di)基的完整性。

（3）使(shi)用基(ji)礎灌(guan)漿技術對淺層含巖溶地區實(shi)施基(ji)礎灌(guan)漿。在(zai)淺層的巖溶地區施工中，由于(yu)巖溶深度錢，施工的過程(cheng)中通過對其(qi)泥沙進行(xing)挖掘，保(bao)證泥沙的穩定性(xing)和完整性(xing)。

（4）使(shi)用(yong)(yong)基(ji)礎灌漿技(ji)術對深層(ceng)巖(yan)溶(rong)地(di)(di)區實施(shi)基(ji)礎灌漿。在(zai)(zai)巖(yan)溶(rong)地(di)(di)區一般的(de)(de)(de)施(shi)工(gong)之下(xia)，其(qi)施(shi)工(gong)措(cuo)施(shi)和(he)施(shi)工(gong)方(fang)式(shi)(shi)的(de)(de)(de)應用(yong)(yong)和(he)完善是當前(qian)處(chu)理的(de)(de)(de)關鍵，更是人們關注的(de)(de)(de)主要(yao)形式(shi)(shi)和(he)方(fang)法(fa)(fa)。由(you)于在(zai)(zai)施(shi)工(gong)的(de)(de)(de)時候，使(shi)用(yong)(yong)高壓旋噴技(ji)術對基(ji)礎灌漿是有一定的(de)(de)(de)困難的(de)(de)(de)，因此在(zai)(zai)施(shi)工(gong)中就必(bi)須采(cai)用(yong)(yong)其(qi)他各種(zhong)灌漿方(fang)法(fa)(fa)進行(xing)施(shi)工(gong)，可以用(yong)(yong)普(pu)通的(de)(de)(de)灌漿方(fang)法(fa)(fa)對巖(yan)溶(rong)地(di)(di)區的(de)(de)(de)周圍進行(xing)灌漿處(chu)理，由(you)于水(shui)泥進入深層(ceng)的(de)(de)(de)巖(yan)溶(rong)中會受(shou)到其(qi)他填充物(wu)的(de)(de)(de)排擠(ji)，造成排擠(ji)過大(da)而(er)實現的(de)(de)(de)結合硬化，保證(zheng)了巖(yan)溶(rong)的(de)(de)(de)迅速擴(kuo)散和(he)整體性能。

1.2 針對吸漿加大的(de)水(shui)利工程的(de)灌注方法(fa)

對(dui)于一(yi)般吸漿(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)的(de)(de)巖(yan)縫我(wo)們可(ke)以按照正(zheng)常的(de)(de)施工(gong)(gong)工(gong)(gong)序。但(dan)是(shi)(shi)(shi)在對(dui)巖(yan)縫灌(guan)漿(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)的(de)(de)過程(cheng)中，有(you)很多(duo)巖(yan)縫會出(chu)現大(da)量(liang)吸漿(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)的(de)(de)情(qing)況，因(yin)(yin)為水泥漿(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)始終(zhong)不能保持滿足，所以需(xu)要采取一(yi)定的(de)(de)措施來解決這種(zhong)情(qing)況。出(chu)現大(da)量(liang)吸漿(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)的(de)(de)有(you)很多(duo)原(yuan)因(yin)(yin)，但(dan)是(shi)(shi)(shi)究其根(gen)本是(shi)(shi)(shi)因(yin)(yin)為地(di)質條(tiao)件的(de)(de)特殊，灌(guan)注(zhu)的(de)(de)水泥漿(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)有(you)可(ke)能從(cong)特殊的(de)(de)地(di)理通道流到(dao)別(bie)的(de)(de)位置(zhi)，也有(you)可(ke)能是(shi)(shi)(shi)從(cong)灌(guan)漿(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)區(qu)附近的(de)(de)地(di)表(biao)溢(yi)出(chu)。

二、灌漿施工技術在(zai)嚴重漏水(shui)的情況下使用

漏水問(wen)(wen)題(ti)一(yi)直以來都(dou)是(shi)水利工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)過(guo)(guo)程(cheng)(cheng)中(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)常見缺陷(xian)(xian)和(he)質量(liang)通病，根(gen)據過(guo)(guo)去(qu)施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)過(guo)(guo)程(cheng)(cheng)中(zhong)所(suo)總結(jie)的(de)(de)(de)各(ge)種施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)經驗和(he)施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)滲透問(wen)(wen)題(ti)的(de)(de)(de)相關數據和(he)資料(liao)分析(xi)，產生漏水的(de)(de)(de)原因(yin)主要(yao)是(shi)水利工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)建設(she)選點(dian)失(shi)誤，由于水利工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)在(zai)施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)建設(she)的(de)(de)(de)過(guo)(guo)程(cheng)(cheng)中(zhong)在(zai)可溶性巖石地(di)(di)區或(huo)者其(qi)他一(yi)些不良土質的(de)(de)(de)地(di)(di)基上進(jin)行施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)，造成在(zai)施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)的(de)(de)(de)過(guo)(guo)程(cheng)(cheng)中(zhong)對(dui)土質認識(shi)的(de)(de)(de)不足，在(zai)遇(yu)到這種工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)使用(yong)常規的(de)(de)(de)灌漿技(ji)術(shu)不僅消耗成本大(da)，而且其(qi)在(zai)施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)的(de)(de)(de)過(guo)(guo)程(cheng)(cheng)中(zhong)受益也小(xiao)，因(yin)此(ci)必須要(yao)采用(yong)相應的(de)(de)(de)技(ji)術(shu)措施(shi)(shi)(shi)對(dui)地(di)(di)基進(jin)行加固處理(li)，必要(yao)的(de)(de)(de)時(shi)候可以采用(yong)換填法(fa)和(he)填充(chong)法(fa)等一(yi)些地(di)(di)基處理(li)方式(shi)進(jin)行綜合(he)的(de)(de)(de)處理(li)和(he)彌(mi)補其(qi)在(zai)施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)過(guo)(guo)程(cheng)(cheng)中(zhong)存在(zai)的(de)(de)(de)個(ge)中(zhong)缺陷(xian)(xian)問(wen)(wen)題(ti)。

（1）采用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)模(mo)袋(dai)(dai)灌(guan)漿(jiang)的(de)(de)(de)處理方法。模(mo)袋(dai)(dai)灌(guan)漿(jiang)法中(zhong)使(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)的(de)(de)(de)模(mo)袋(dai)(dai)具(ju)有(you)(you)很強的(de)(de)(de)耐(nai)磨性，常用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)的(de)(de)(de)模(mo)袋(dai)(dai)材質(zhi)多為(wei)(wei)尼龍、聚丙烯等。在使(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)模(mo)袋(dai)(dai)灌(guan)漿(jiang)的(de)(de)(de)時候，模(mo)袋(dai)(dai)中(zhong)裝有(you)(you)水(shui)泥砂(sha)漿(jiang)，在模(mo)袋(dai)(dai)互相擠壓的(de)(de)(de)過(guo)程(cheng)中(zhong)水(shui)分流失，袋(dai)(dai)中(zhong)只剩下水(shui)泥及沙土(tu)(tu)，因此(ci)降低了水(shui)泥砂(sha)漿(jiang)的(de)(de)(de)含漿(jiang)量，提高(gao)了砂(sha)漿(jiang)的(de)(de)(de)凝結速度。因為(wei)(wei)受到了模(mo)袋(dai)(dai)的(de)(de)(de)束(shu)縛，模(mo)袋(dai)(dai)中(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)沙土(tu)(tu)不易流失，起到了很好(hao)的(de)(de)(de)溶度阻塞作(zuo)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)。（2）采用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)填(tian)充(chong)級(ji)配(pei)(pei)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)進行(xing)處理。一般情況(kuang)下采用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)的(de)(de)(de)填(tian)充(chong)級(ji)配(pei)(pei)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)多為(wei)(wei)水(shui)泥、粗砂(sha)及礫(li)(li)石(shi)(shi)，在使(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)歷史作(zuo)為(wei)(wei)填(tian)充(chong)級(ji)配(pei)(pei)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)的(de)(de)(de)時候一定(ding)要注意礫(li)(li)石(shi)(shi)的(de)(de)(de)大小。假設在單純使(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)礫(li)(li)石(shi)(shi)的(de)(de)(de)情況(kuang)下仍然(ran)沒有(you)(you)很好(hao)的(de)(de)(de)成效，則可以利用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)粘稠度較(jiao)高(gao)的(de)(de)(de)水(shui)泥沖灌(guan)級(ji)配(pei)(pei)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)，水(shui)泥沖灌(guan)及配(pei)(pei)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)的(de)(de)(de)主要組成材料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)一般為(wei)(wei)礫(li)(li)石(shi)(shi)、礫(li)(li)石(shi)(shi)與沙土(tu)(tu)混合物，使(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)這兩(liang)種材料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)的(de)(de)(de)目的(de)(de)(de)是(shi)可以形成自(zi)然(ran)的(de)(de)(de)反過(guo)濾層。在級(ji)配(pei)(pei)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)的(de)(de)(de)過(guo)程(cheng)中(zhong)，配(pei)(pei)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)的(de)(de)(de)材料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)和(he)數量應該靈(ling)活(huo)掌握。使(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)粒料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)的(de)(de)(de)主要是(shi)使(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)加大的(de)(de)(de)粒料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)在狹窄處形成“橋架”，使(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)巧匠將縫隙在中(zhong)途(tu)完全阻塞，形成反過(guo)濾層，以達到將整個通道堵死的(de)(de)(de)目的(de)(de)(de)。

篇4

關鍵(jian)詞(ci)：水利工程；灌(guan)漿(jiang)技(ji)術；應(ying)用

1水利(li)工程中(zhong)灌漿技術的應用(yong)

1.1處理(li)天然地基缺陷(xian)

與(yu)其他建設(she)項目不同，水(shui)(shui)利(li)(li)工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)是一項繁瑣復雜(za)的(de)綜合(he)性(xing)(xing)工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)，涉及范(fan)圍廣，施(shi)工(gong)(gong)工(gong)(gong)序(xu)復雜(za)，施(shi)工(gong)(gong)環境(jing)復雜(za)多變，受水(shui)(shui)文地(di)質(zhi)(zhi)及資質(zhi)(zhi)構造的(de)影響(xiang)極大。一般情(qing)況下(xia)，水(shui)(shui)利(li)(li)工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)施(shi)工(gong)(gong)的(de)天(tian)(tian)(tian)然(ran)地(di)基(ji)(ji)都(dou)存在一定(ding)的(de)缺(que)陷(xian)，這些缺(que)陷(xian)的(de)存在會(hui)給水(shui)(shui)利(li)(li)工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)施(shi)工(gong)(gong)埋(mai)下(xia)安全隱患，具有(you)極大的(de)危害性(xing)(xing)。為了防止(zhi)出現水(shui)(shui)利(li)(li)工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)坍塌或者沉陷(xian)等情(qing)況，在水(shui)(shui)利(li)(li)工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)施(shi)工(gong)(gong)時，就需要采用灌(guan)漿(jiang)(jiang)技(ji)術(shu)來處理(li)天(tian)(tian)(tian)然(ran)地(di)基(ji)(ji)缺(que)陷(xian)，提供水(shui)(shui)利(li)(li)工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)中灌(guan)漿(jiang)(jiang)技(ji)術(shu)的(de)應用性(xing)(xing)。灌(guan)漿(jiang)(jiang)技(ji)術(shu)處理(li)天(tian)(tian)(tian)然(ran)地(di)基(ji)(ji)缺(que)陷(xian)是通過人(ren)工(gong)(gong)技(ji)術(shu)實現的(de)，在正式著(zhu)手施(shi)工(gong)(gong)之(zhi)前，對(dui)天(tian)(tian)(tian)然(ran)地(di)基(ji)(ji)進行分(fen)析和(he)研究，并(bing)根據具體情(qing)況制(zhi)定(ding)出科學實用的(de)灌(guan)漿(jiang)(jiang)施(shi)工(gong)(gong)方案(an)，選擇經濟合(he)適的(de)灌(guan)漿(jiang)(jiang)材(cai)料，明(ming)確灌(guan)漿(jiang)(jiang)施(shi)工(gong)(gong)詳細步(bu)驟，合(he)理(li)規劃天(tian)(tian)(tian)然(ran)地(di)基(ji)(ji)處理(li)，從而確保水(shui)(shui)利(li)(li)工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)中地(di)基(ji)(ji)的(de)穩定(ding)性(xing)(xing)和(he)可靠(kao)性(xing)(xing)。

1.2分析灌漿(jiang)(jiang)技術中固結灌漿(jiang)(jiang)技術、帷幕(mu)灌漿(jiang)(jiang)技術、接(jie)觸灌漿(jiang)(jiang)在水利工程中的應用

就現(xian)階段我國水(shui)(shui)利(li)(li)工(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)而(er)言，應(ying)用(yong)的(de)(de)(de)灌(guan)漿(jiang)(jiang)技(ji)術主(zhu)(zhu)要(yao)包括固結(jie)灌(guan)漿(jiang)(jiang)技(ji)術、帷幕灌(guan)漿(jiang)(jiang)技(ji)術、接(jie)觸灌(guan)漿(jiang)(jiang)等，不同類型的(de)(de)(de)灌(guan)漿(jiang)(jiang)技(ji)術在(zai)水(shui)(shui)利(li)(li)工(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)中的(de)(de)(de)應(ying)用(yong)效果良(liang)好(hao)。對(dui)于固結(jie)灌(guan)漿(jiang)(jiang)技(ji)術來說，主(zhu)(zhu)要(yao)是用(yong)來對(dui)容(rong)易出現(xian)裂縫的(de)(de)(de)巖石進(jin)(jin)行(xing)灌(guan)漿(jiang)(jiang)處理(li)，保(bao)證巖石的(de)(de)(de)嚴密(mi)性和完整性，進(jin)(jin)而(er)為水(shui)(shui)利(li)(li)工(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)地基施(shi)工(gong)提供支(zhi)持(chi)，提高水(shui)(shui)利(li)(li)工(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)地基質量(liang)。而(er)帷幕灌(guan)漿(jiang)(jiang)技(ji)術主(zhu)(zhu)要(yao)是對(dui)水(shui)(shui)利(li)(li)工(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)中的(de)(de)(de)壩(ba)底(di)內(nei)部進(jin)(jin)行(xing)處理(li)，通過帷幕灌(guan)漿(jiang)(jiang)技(ji)術的(de)(de)(de)運用(yong)，形成效果良(liang)好(hao)的(de)(de)(de)防滲帷幕墻，在(zai)最大程(cheng)(cheng)度上(shang)避(bi)免了滲漏或(huo)者滲流現(xian)象的(de)(de)(de)發生。水(shui)(shui)利(li)(li)工(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)中的(de)(de)(de)壩(ba)體(ti)部分(fen)主(zhu)(zhu)要(yao)是通過接(jie)觸灌(guan)漿(jiang)(jiang)進(jin)(jin)行(xing)處理(li)的(de)(de)(de)，接(jie)觸灌(guan)漿(jiang)(jiang)的(de)(de)(de)使(shi)用(yong)可以增加壩(ba)體(ti)的(de)(de)(de)強度，使(shi)其具有密(mi)實性，并能夠長時間保(bao)持(chi)堅固狀(zhuang)態。總而(er)言之，不同灌(guan)漿(jiang)(jiang)技(ji)術的(de)(de)(de)應(ying)用(yong)，為建(jian)設(she)出高質量(liang)、實用(yong)性強、穩定性好(hao)的(de)(de)(de)水(shui)(shui)利(li)(li)工(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)項(xiang)目創造了技(ji)術條件。

2灌漿技術在水利施工中存在的問題

近年來，我國經濟發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)水平日(ri)益提高，科學技(ji)(ji)術(shu)日(ri)益創新(xin)和完(wan)善，大(da)大(da)推動(dong)了社會化的(de)(de)進(jin)程(cheng)，隨著(zhu)工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)項目的(de)(de)不斷(duan)增(zeng)多，水利(li)行(xing)業迎(ying)來了發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)的(de)(de)黃金時(shi)期(qi)，施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)技(ji)(ji)術(shu)日(ri)漸多樣化。但是(shi)事物是(shi)不斷(duan)發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)與變化的(de)(de)，要用發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)的(de)(de)眼光看問(wen)題。就(jiu)水利(li)工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)中灌(guan)漿技(ji)(ji)術(shu)而(er)言，其中還存(cun)在(zai)一定(ding)的(de)(de)不足與缺(que)陷，需要施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)技(ji)(ji)術(shu)人員不斷(duan)分析和探討，加強(qiang)各部門之間的(de)(de)協(xie)調合作，為(wei)提高水利(li)工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)中灌(guan)漿技(ji)(ji)術(shu)的(de)(de)應用共同(tong)努力(li)。灌(guan)漿技(ji)(ji)術(shu)在(zai)水利(li)施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)中存(cun)在(zai)的(de)(de)問(wen)題主(zhu)要表現為(wei)以下幾方面。

2.1灌漿系統不穩定(ding)

在水利(li)工程(cheng)施(shi)工中(zhong)(zhong)，如果(guo)灌漿施(shi)工中(zhong)(zhong)的相關(guan)數(shu)據(ju)不(bu)準確，與實(shi)際施(shi)工數(shu)據(ju)存(cun)在較大(da)出入，就會在極(ji)大(da)程(cheng)度(du)上(shang)導致灌漿系(xi)(xi)(xi)統不(bu)穩(wen)定，進而導致灌漿系(xi)(xi)(xi)統分析的結果(guo)不(bu)準確，在這種情(qing)況下(xia)展開的水利(li)工程(cheng)施(shi)工就會存(cun)在很大(da)的安全(quan)隱患，給后期施(shi)工帶(dai)來不(bu)必要的麻煩和(he)經濟損(sun)失，甚(shen)至會致使建設出來的水利(li)工程(cheng)無(wu)法(fa)正常運行。另外，如果(guo)灌漿過(guo)程(cheng)中(zhong)(zhong)的理論工作(zuo)準備不(bu)足，也會影響(xiang)灌漿系(xi)(xi)(xi)統，降低其穩(wen)定性和(he)質量(liang)。

2.2灌漿設計依據(ju)不足(zu)

在(zai)進(jin)行(xing)水利灌漿(jiang)(jiang)施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)之前，要根據(ju)工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)的(de)實際(ji)情況(kuang)制定切實可行(xing)的(de)灌漿(jiang)(jiang)施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)方(fang)案(an)(an)，而設(she)計(ji)方(fang)案(an)(an)時所需(xu)的(de)水利工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)的(de)相關資料和施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)信息等缺乏(fa)完整性和精確(que)性也(ye)是水利工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)灌漿(jiang)(jiang)技(ji)術應用(yong)所面(mian)臨的(de)一個問題，使得灌漿(jiang)(jiang)設(she)計(ji)依據(ju)不充分(fen)，進(jin)而影(ying)響到灌漿(jiang)(jiang)施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)方(fang)案(an)(an)的(de)合理性和實用(yong)性，從而給(gei)水利工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)灌漿(jiang)(jiang)施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)質量帶來嚴重的(de)負(fu)面(mian)影(ying)響。

2.3灌漿材料性能低

灌(guan)漿材料是確保灌(guan)漿施工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)順利進行的(de)關(guan)鍵因素(su)，也是提高灌(guan)漿施工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)質量的(de)基本保障。但是目前我國水(shui)利工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程灌(guan)漿施工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)中所(suo)需的(de)材料處于停滯狀態，灌(guan)漿材料性(xing)能較低，使(shi)用(yong)(yong)性(xing)能傳(chuan)統的(de)灌(guan)漿材料無法滿足(zu)現代化的(de)水(shui)利灌(guan)漿施工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)的(de)需求(qiu)，使(shi)灌(guan)漿施工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)缺乏創新性(xing)，進而(er)導致水(shui)利工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程灌(guan)漿效果不佳，沒(mei)有發揮出灌(guan)漿施工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)應有的(de)意義和作用(yong)(yong)。

3灌漿中較容(rong)易出(chu)現的問(wen)題

3.1地表隆起

在(zai)(zai)水利工(gong)程灌(guan)(guan)漿(jiang)施(shi)工(gong)中，除了(le)存在(zai)(zai)的(de)問題外，還存在(zai)(zai)一些容易(yi)出現(xian)(xian)的(de)問題需要相關施(shi)工(gong)人(ren)員(yuan)特(te)別注意。地表(biao)隆起是(shi)灌(guan)(guan)漿(jiang)施(shi)工(gong)中容易(yi)出現(xian)(xian)的(de)問題之一，通常是(shi)在(zai)(zai)灌(guan)(guan)漿(jiang)施(shi)工(gong)之后(hou)面表(biao)現(xian)(xian)出來的(de)。所謂地表(biao)隆起，主要是(shi)指施(shi)工(gong)后(hou)表(biao)面出現(xian)(xian)的(de)凸起部分(fen)，出現(xian)(xian)這(zhe)種現(xian)(xian)象的(de)主要是(shi)由(you)于灌(guan)(guan)漿(jiang)參數(shu)(shu)不準(zhun)確造成(cheng)的(de)。因此(ci)，施(shi)工(gong)人(ren)員(yuan)在(zai)(zai)灌(guan)(guan)漿(jiang)施(shi)工(gong)開始(shi)之前(qian)要高度重視灌(guan)(guan)漿(jiang)參數(shu)(shu)讀取(qu)環(huan)節，盡可能地減少(shao)地表(biao)隆起現(xian)(xian)象的(de)出現(xian)(xian)。

3.2冒漿

在(zai)開展水利工程(cheng)灌漿(jiang)(jiang)施(shi)工時，如果無法正確掌握灌漿(jiang)(jiang)力(li)道，導致灌漿(jiang)(jiang)壓(ya)力(li)過(guo)(guo)大(da)或者灌漿(jiang)(jiang)過(guo)(guo)多等(deng)就(jiu)會產生冒(mao)漿(jiang)(jiang)現象，這種現象灌漿(jiang)(jiang)過(guo)(guo)程(cheng)中(zhong)非常容易出(chu)(chu)現的。一旦出(chu)(chu)現冒(mao)漿(jiang)(jiang)現象，就(jiu)會大(da)大(da)地降低灌漿(jiang)(jiang)效果。針對這種情況(kuang)，需(xu)要通過(guo)(guo)黏土回填的方(fang)式進行處理(li)，進而有效控制(zhi)冒(mao)漿(jiang)(jiang)現象的出(chu)(chu)現。

4灌漿在施(shi)工中(zhong)應注意的(de)問題(ti)分析

就水(shui)利(li)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)而言(yan)，如果(guo)應用灌(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)漿(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)技術進(jin)(jin)行(xing)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)，則必須(xu)嚴(yan)格(ge)按照相關(guan)(guan)(guan)規(gui)范標準(zhun)(zhun)進(jin)(jin)行(xing)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)，使得灌(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)漿(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)更加規(gui)范、合(he)理(li)，只有這(zhe)(zhe)樣，才(cai)能降低外界不良因素對灌(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)漿(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)所造成的(de)(de)(de)影(ying)響，進(jin)(jin)而確(que)(que)保(bao)水(shui)利(li)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)灌(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)漿(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)質(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)(liang)(liang)。由于灌(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)漿(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)涉(she)及的(de)(de)(de)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)環節較多(duo)，所以(yi)在開展的(de)(de)(de)過程(cheng)中需(xu)要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)注意(yi)的(de)(de)(de)問題也比較多(duo)，這(zhe)(zhe)就需(xu)要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)相關(guan)(guan)(guan)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)人(ren)員要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)有慎重(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作態度(du)以(yi)及專(zhuan)業的(de)(de)(de)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)水(shui)平，在灌(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)漿(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)之前(qian)對需(xu)要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)使用的(de)(de)(de)設備(bei)進(jin)(jin)行(xing)檢查，保(bao)證(zheng)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)設備(bei)安(an)全、高效。同時，還要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)對灌(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)漿(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)材料(liao)的(de)(de)(de)質(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)(liang)(liang)進(jin)(jin)行(xing)抽樣檢驗，確(que)(que)保(bao)其(qi)符(fu)合(he)灌(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)漿(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)的(de)(de)(de)基本需(xu)求(qiu)(qiu)。另外，在正式進(jin)(jin)行(xing)灌(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)漿(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)時，必須(xu)要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)控制(zhi)鉆孔的(de)(de)(de)大小，以(yi)注漿(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)順利(li)注入(ru)為(wei)標準(zhun)(zhun)。嚴(yan)格(ge)依據灌(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)漿(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)序進(jin)(jin)行(xing)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)，合(he)理(li)灌(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)漿(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)，促使灌(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)漿(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)質(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)(liang)(liang)符(fu)合(he)相關(guan)(guan)(guan)標準(zhun)(zhun)需(xu)求(qiu)(qiu)。需(xu)要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)注意(yi)的(de)(de)(de)是，如果(guo)第(di)(di)一(yi)次(ci)(ci)灌(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)漿(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)失敗，在進(jin)(jin)行(xing)第(di)(di)二次(ci)(ci)灌(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)漿(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)時，一(yi)定要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)注意(yi)總(zong)結第(di)(di)一(yi)次(ci)(ci)的(de)(de)(de)經驗教訓，避免不利(li)現(xian)象再(zai)次(ci)(ci)發生，確(que)(que)保(bao)灌(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)漿(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)達到施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)求(qiu)(qiu)。在水(shui)利(li)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)灌(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)漿(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)開展的(de)(de)(de)過程(cheng)中，要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)科學合(he)理(li)地進(jin)(jin)行(xing)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)規(gui)劃，對容易(yi)出現(xian)問題的(de)(de)(de)部(bu)分要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)嚴(yan)格(ge)把關(guan)(guan)(guan)，繼而確(que)(que)保(bao)水(shui)利(li)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)灌(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)漿(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)質(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)(liang)(liang)。

5結束語

水(shui)(shui)利(li)(li)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)是(shi)提高我國國民經濟(ji)的(de)(de)(de)支柱性(xing)產業(ye)，水(shui)(shui)利(li)(li)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)質(zhi)量(liang)是(shi)人(ren)們關注(zhu)的(de)(de)(de)重(zhong)點，因此在進行(xing)水(shui)(shui)利(li)(li)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)時要合理(li)選擇施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)技(ji)術(shu)，為建設(she)出高質(zhi)量(liang)的(de)(de)(de)水(shui)(shui)利(li)(li)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)項目(mu)提供技(ji)術(shu)條件(jian)。灌(guan)漿技(ji)術(shu)是(shi)水(shui)(shui)利(li)(li)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)中(zhong)常用的(de)(de)(de)技(ji)術(shu)之一，同時也是(shi)影響水(shui)(shui)利(li)(li)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)質(zhi)量(liang)的(de)(de)(de)關鍵因素。然而(er)，目(mu)前我國水(shui)(shui)利(li)(li)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)灌(guan)漿施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)中(zhong)還存在一定的(de)(de)(de)問(wen)題(ti)和漏洞，需(xu)要施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)人(ren)員提出切(qie)實有(you)效(xiao)的(de)(de)(de)措施(shi)(shi)進行(xing)解決，合理(li)制定灌(guan)漿設(she)計(ji)，做好灌(guan)漿施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)準備(bei)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)，保障(zhang)灌(guan)漿施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)質(zhi)量(liang)的(de)(de)(de)最優化，從而(er)為建設(she)出堅固(gu)的(de)(de)(de)、穩(wen)定的(de)(de)(de)水(shui)(shui)利(li)(li)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)提供基礎。

參考文獻

[1]李彥成.水利水電施工技(ji)術和(he)灌漿施工的應用(yong)研究[J].引文版：工程技(ji)術，2015.

[2]唐干，陳立，孫寅(yin).水(shui)利工程的(de)基礎(chu)灌(guan)漿施工技(ji)術應(ying)用研(yan)究(jiu)[J].城市建設(she)理(li)論研(yan)究(jiu)：電(dian)子版，2013.

[3]王利(li)，李榮祖，張瑜英．彭水(shui)水(shui)電(dian)站基礎灌(guan)漿主要技術(shu)問題(ti)試驗研究(jiu)[A].第(di)八次(ci)水(shui)利(li)水(shui)電(dian)地基與基礎工程學術(shu)會議論文集[C].2006．

篇5

【關鍵詞】水利施工(gong)；灌漿技術

一、水利工(gong)程中灌漿技術的應用

水(shui)利(li)工(gong)程(cheng)地(di)基(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)受到地(di)質構造和水(shui)文地(di)質的(de)影(ying)響(xiang)，天然地(di)基(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)常常存在一(yi)定(ding)(ding)的(de)缺(que)陷(xian)，這種缺(que)陷(xian)需要(yao)人工(gong)技術處(chu)理才能(neng)作(zuo)為水(shui)利(li)工(gong)程(cheng)的(de)可(ke)靠地(di)基(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)。灌(guan)漿(jiang)就是這種主要(yao)的(de)人工(gong)技術，它把具(ju)有一(yi)定(ding)(ding)配(pei)合(he)比的(de)漿(jiang)液(ye)通過鉆孔(kong)用(yong)壓力注入都地(di)基(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)裂縫或建筑物的(de)自身裂縫中。通過膠結硬化后可(ke)以(yi)提高高巖(yan)基(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)的(de)整體(ti)性(xing)、抗滲性(xing)、抗震性(xing)以(yi)及穩(wen)定(ding)(ding)性(xing)。要(yao)想順利(li)完(wan)成灌(guan)漿(jiang)工(gong)作(zuo)，需要(yao)對灌(guan)漿(jiang)的(de)材(cai)料(liao)(liao)、方法、特點進行細(xi)致的(de)研(yan)究，尤(you)其(qi)要(yao)根據(ju)實(shi)踐情況調整材(cai)料(liao)(liao)和工(gong)藝。

灌(guan)(guan)漿(jiang)的主要目的有防(fang)滲、堵漏、加(jia)固、糾正(zheng)建筑物偏斜。現(xian)在(zai)應用(yong)比(bi)較廣(guang)泛的是水利壩體加(jia)固及(ji)防(fang)滲工(gong)程。按照(zhao)目的可以分為：固結灌(guan)(guan)漿(jiang)、帷幕灌(guan)(guan)漿(jiang)、接觸(chu)灌(guan)(guan)漿(jiang)、接縫(feng)及(ji)補強灌(guan)(guan)漿(jiang)、劈裂灌(guan)(guan)漿(jiang)、高壓(ya)噴射灌(guan)(guan)漿(jiang)。灌(guan)(guan)漿(jiang)孔的深(shen)(shen)度(du)通常在(zai)5―8m，在(zai)平面上(shang)成網格交錯布(bu)置。當遇到(dao)地質(zhi)條件復雜的工(gong)程項(xiang)目時，可以用(yong)現(xian)場固結灌(guan)(guan)漿(jiang)確(que)定孔距、排距、孔深(shen)(shen)、灌(guan)(guan)漿(jiang)次序(xu)、壓(ya)力等(deng)技術參(can)數。

帷幕(mu)灌(guan)(guan)漿(jiang)是水工(gong)建筑物(wu)地(di)基(ji)(ji)防(fang)滲(shen)的(de)主(zhu)要(yao)(yao)手段，帷幕(mu)在(zai)(zai)上游(you)迎水面(mian)的(de)壩(ba)(ba)基(ji)(ji)內(nei)形成(cheng)連續(xu)的(de)防(fang)滲(shen)幕(mu)墻，阻止(zhi)(zhi)或減輕(qing)壩(ba)(ba)基(ji)(ji)的(de)滲(shen)流量(liang)和地(di)基(ji)(ji)中地(di)下水的(de)滲(shen)透，降低(di)壩(ba)(ba)低(di)的(de)滲(shen)透壓力，保證基(ji)(ji)本的(de)滲(shen)透穩定。帷幕(mu)分為兩排孔帷幕(mu)和多排孔帷幕(mu)，在(zai)(zai)施工(gong)過程中要(yao)(yao)確定帷幕(mu)軸(zhou)線、深度(du)、厚(hou)度(du)和平面(mian)上的(de)長(chang)度(du)。三峽水庫因為175米的(de)水位(wei)高程采用(yong)了帷幕(mu)灌(guan)(guan)漿(jiang)鉆(zhan)孔技術，最大深度(du)超過100米，鉆(zhan)孔的(de)直徑有56―76mm，灌(guan)(guan)漿(jiang)壓力為5.0―6.0MPa。接(jie)觸(chu)灌(guan)(guan)漿(jiang)的(de)主(zhu)要(yao)(yao)作用(yong)是加強壩(ba)(ba)體(ti)混(hun)凝(ning)土(tu)與壩(ba)(ba)基(ji)(ji)或者岸肩接(jie)觸(chu)面(mian)間的(de)密實(shi)性。在(zai)(zai)巖石地(di)基(ji)(ji)上建造混(hun)凝(ning)土(tu)壩(ba)(ba)，一旦混(hun)凝(ning)土(tu)體(ti)積收縮就會使兩者產(chan)生(sheng)縫(feng)隙，所以(yi)等混(hun)凝(ning)土(tu)達到(dao)穩定的(de)溫度(du)，在(zai)(zai)壩(ba)(ba)體(ti)和巖石接(jie)觸(chu)的(de)地(di)方(fang)，用(yong)一個(ge)灌(guan)(guan)漿(jiang)段進行單獨灌(guan)(guan)漿(jiang)，防(fang)止(zhi)(zhi)混(hun)凝(ning)土(tu)收縮產(chan)生(sheng)裂縫(feng)。

按(an)照材料(liao)可分(fen)(fen)為：水泥灌(guan)(guan)(guan)漿(jiang)(jiang)、粘土灌(guan)(guan)(guan)漿(jiang)(jiang)、化學(xue)灌(guan)(guan)(guan)漿(jiang)(jiang)、瀝青灌(guan)(guan)(guan)漿(jiang)(jiang)。按(an)照鉆孔(kong)灌(guan)(guan)(guan)漿(jiang)(jiang)順(shun)序(xu)可以(yi)分(fen)(fen)為全孔(kong)一次(ci)(ci)灌(guan)(guan)(guan)漿(jiang)(jiang)和分(fen)(fen)段灌(guan)(guan)(guan)漿(jiang)(jiang)法。全孔(kong)一次(ci)(ci)灌(guan)(guan)(guan)漿(jiang)(jiang)施(shi)工比(bi)較(jiao)簡單(dan)，一般使用在孔(kong)深

二、灌漿壓力的重要性

灌漿(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)壓力(li)跟底層(ceng)結構、孔深(shen)、灌漿(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)要(yao)求、地質條件(jian)、有無壓重(zhong)、注漿(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)方(fang)式(shi)等都有關系。因為有些因素很(hen)難確定，所(suo)以在(zai)注漿(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)之前通過(guo)壓水實驗來(lai)確定施工具體參數。灌漿(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)壓力(li)的優(you)缺點(dian)。優(you)點(dian)：對于細小裂(lie)縫(feng)有獨特的解決(jue)方(fang)式(shi)，能夠充分利(li)用灌漿(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)，使(shi)裂(lie)縫(feng)能夠得到(dao)充分灌注；缺點(dian)：容(rong)易造成漿(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)液擴散，在(zai)緩傾角地質軟弱時(shi)，容(rong)易引起巖層(ceng)活動。

一般(ban)灌(guan)(guan)漿(jiang)(jiang)技術施工(gong)(gong)(gong)人員(yuan)要(yao)熟練(lian)掌握好灌(guan)(guan)漿(jiang)(jiang)技術，必(bi)須根據施工(gong)(gong)(gong)地區的(de)(de)(de)(de)詳(xiang)細具(ju)體情況來分析。還(huan)要(yao)提前做(zuo)好施工(gong)(gong)(gong)控制工(gong)(gong)(gong)作，比如(ru)參數的(de)(de)(de)(de)選擇(ze)、灌(guan)(guan)漿(jiang)(jiang)手法等(deng)。一般(ban)未必(bi)灌(guan)(guan)漿(jiang)(jiang)表層孔(kong)段(duan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)灌(guan)(guan)漿(jiang)(jiang)壓(ya)力(li)>1―1.5倍帷(wei)幕(mu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)工(gong)(gong)(gong)作水頭(tou)，地步則以(yi)2―3倍工(gong)(gong)(gong)作水頭(tou)位移；固結(jie)灌(guan)(guan)漿(jiang)(jiang)壓(ya)力(li)，在淺孔(kong)沒有壓(ya)重的(de)(de)(de)(de)情況下，采(cai)用(yong)0.2―0.5MPa，在有壓(ya)重的(de)(de)(de)(de)情況下，采(cai)用(yong)0.3―0.7MPa。深刻固結(jie)灌(guan)(guan)漿(jiang)(jiang)則以(yi)帷(wei)幕(mu)灌(guan)(guan)漿(jiang)(jiang)為標準；高壓(ya)灌(guan)(guan)漿(jiang)(jiang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)壓(ya)力(li)通常>3―4MPa。灌(guan)(guan)漿(jiang)(jiang)壓(ya)力(li)的(de)(de)(de)(de)適用(yong)范(fan)圍。對于透水性不大，裂(lie)縫(feng)發育(yu)不完全(quan)，巖(yan)層較硬的(de)(de)(de)(de)底層。

三(san)、灌漿(jiang)技術存(cun)在的(de)問(wen)題

1、傳統灌(guan)(guan)(guan)漿(jiang)模(mo)式(shi)未形式(shi)系(xi)(xi)統的控(kong)(kong)制模(mo)型(xing)，很多(duo)情況都是從(cong)子(zi)結(jie)構的角(jiao)度(du)(du)出(chu)(chu)發，讓計(ji)算精(jing)度(du)(du)和系(xi)(xi)統程(cheng)序不(bu)(bu)能(neng)充分(fen)聯(lian)系(xi)(xi)起來，全(quan)面(mian)分(fen)析問題。2、灌(guan)(guan)(guan)漿(jiang)系(xi)(xi)統不(bu)(bu)穩定，會使系(xi)(xi)統分(fen)析結(jie)果(guo)失真。如(ru)果(guo)要更(geng)精(jing)準得出(chu)(chu)灌(guan)(guan)(guan)漿(jiang)數據就(jiu)必須在施工(gong)(gong)前(qian)就(jiu)把相關理論(lun)工(gong)(gong)作(zuo)做好，建議(yi)基(ji)礎的施工(gong)(gong)控(kong)(kong)制概念結(jie)構。3、灌(guan)(guan)(guan)漿(jiang)設計(ji)依據不(bu)(bu)足，灌(guan)(guan)(guan)漿(jiang)技術(shu)(shu)門(men)檻低，施工(gong)(gong)隊(dui)伍水平(ping)參(can)差不(bu)(bu)齊，如(ru)果(guo)設計(ji)不(bu)(bu)能(neng)從(cong)技術(shu)(shu)上(shang)對施工(gong)(gong)加以指導及限制，不(bu)(bu)僅對業主來說加大了(le)管(guan)理難度(du)(du)，而且(qie)灌(guan)(guan)(guan)漿(jiang)工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)質量差異大。4、新(xin)型(xing)灌(guan)(guan)(guan)漿(jiang)材(cai)(cai)料(liao)的研究滯后，進入(ru)上(shang)世紀90年代，灌(guan)(guan)(guan)漿(jiang)材(cai)(cai)料(liao)的更(geng)新(xin)幾(ji)乎(hu)停滯不(bu)(bu)前(qian)，與(yu)我國(guo)灌(guan)(guan)(guan)漿(jiang)技術(shu)(shu)的應用(yong)的規(gui)模(mo)和發展(zhan)態(tai)勢(shi)不(bu)(bu)協調。

四、灌漿中容易出現的問題

1、地表(biao)隆起(qi)(qi)(qi)：在灌注(zhu)(zhu)過程中(zhong)要隨時觀察(cha)地表(biao)有(you)無隆起(qi)(qi)(qi)現(xian)象，一旦(dan)發(fa)現(xian)地表(biao)隆起(qi)(qi)(qi)立即停(ting)止注(zhu)(zhu)漿(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)。對注(zhu)(zhu)漿(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)參數進行分(fen)析和討論，一定(ding)要嚴格(ge)控制注(zhu)(zhu)漿(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)壓力。可以(yi)降低(di)灌漿(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)壓力、自上而下分(fen)段(duan)灌漿(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)、反復(fu)灌漿(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)等方法解決地表(biao)隆起(qi)(qi)(qi)現(xian)象。2、冒漿(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)：在鉆孔的時候多(duo)發(fa)生冒漿(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)，如(ru)遇到這種情況應該用粘土回填冒漿(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)孔，回填10―15m。3、串漿(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)：可采用多(duo)孔聯合(he)灌漿(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)；反復(fu)灌漿(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)法。

五、灌漿需要注意(yi)的若干問題

1、在施(shi)工之前，完善準備鉆孔、注漿(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)等設備和(he)材料并(bing)且做好暴雨等應急措(cuo)施(shi)。2、施(shi)工期間定期對地(di)下水取(qu)樣(yang)檢查(cha)，如(ru)發現地(di)下水被污(wu)染，立即采取(qu)相(xiang)應解決措(cuo)施(shi)。3、鉆孔也是保(bao)證灌漿(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)質(zhi)量(liang)(liang)的(de)一(yi)大環節(jie)，要(yao)確(que)保(bao)鉆孔達(da)到良(liang)好的(de)注漿(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)效果(guo)要(yao)保(bao)證鉆孔深度和(he)角度符合實際(ji)情況(kuang)，并(bing)且對鉆孔做好記錄4、嚴格(ge)遵守(shou)注漿(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)工藝流(liu)程，注漿(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)管道(dao)要(yao)密封，防止孔口(kou)跑(pao)漿(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)。注漿(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)采用(yong)循序(xu)漸進的(de)過程，最開始采用(yong)小流(liu)量(liang)(liang)確(que)保(bao)管道(dao)通暢，在一(yi)點一(yi)點增加流(liu)量(liang)(liang)，直到達(da)到規(gui)定要(yao)求。5、有(you)時(shi)候一(yi)次(ci)注漿(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)并(bing)不能(neng)一(yi)次(ci)解決問題(ti)，這(zhe)就需要(yao)二次(ci)注漿(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)，二次(ci)注漿(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)的(de)標準是從一(yi)側灌漿(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)，從另一(yi)側溢出，不能(neng)有(you)兩側同(tong)時(shi)灌漿(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)的(de)情形(xing)。6、當發生跑(pao)漿(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)時(shi)，縮短漿(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)液(ye)的(de)凝膠時(shi)間，用(yong)小泵梁、低(di)壓力注漿(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)，使漿(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)液(ye)快速(su)凝固。

六、質量檢測是灌漿工(gong)程的(de)保障

灌漿工(gong)(gong)程屬于隱蔽(bi)性工(gong)(gong)程，需要從原始記(ji)錄、工(gong)(gong)藝(yi)控(kong)(kong)制、規范操作、專業檢(jian)測(ce)方(fang)(fang)面(mian)加強(qiang)灌漿質(zhi)量(liang)的(de)(de)控(kong)(kong)制和檢(jian)測(ce)。鉆孔較小(xiao)的(de)(de)灌漿可以通過壓水測(ce)試和單位(wei)吸漿量(liang)進(jin)行檢(jian)查，或者使用(yong)鉆孔照(zhao)相或者孔內電視(shi)。鉆孔較大的(de)(de)可以直(zhi)接派專人進(jin)行檢(jian)查。在輔(fu)助檢(jian)測(ce)方(fang)(fang)法中還有地球(qiu)物理探測(ce)技術、彈性波速、地震衰(shuai)減系數等。

七、結束語

綜上(shang)所述，隨著(zhu)經濟社(she)會的(de)(de)(de)不(bu)斷(duan)發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)，我國(guo)(guo)基(ji)(ji)礎(chu)建設正處(chu)于(yu)快速發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)階段。水(shui)(shui)利(li)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)作為關(guan)乎到(dao)國(guo)(guo)民設計的(de)(de)(de)重(zhong)大(da)(da)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)，在這個(ge)自然災害頻發(fa)(fa)的(de)(de)(de)年代(dai)，國(guo)(guo)家對(dui)(dui)水(shui)(shui)利(li)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)重(zhong)視是(shi)很多大(da)(da)型水(shui)(shui)利(li)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)建設成功的(de)(de)(de)保證(zheng)。相(xiang)對(dui)(dui)的(de)(de)(de)，可利(li)用水(shui)(shui)利(li)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)基(ji)(ji)礎(chu)用地(di)(di)卻(que)越(yue)來越(yue)少。而灌(guan)漿技術(shu)(shu)(shu)的(de)(de)(de)出(chu)現(xian)讓水(shui)(shui)利(li)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)施工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)模式發(fa)(fa)生了(le)改變。水(shui)(shui)利(li)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)難度高、技術(shu)(shu)(shu)強、工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)期長，不(bu)管是(shi)人力(li)物(wu)力(li)，還是(shi)財力(li)方面(mian)都會一(yi)項(xiang)巨大(da)(da)的(de)(de)(de)支出(chu)。有些工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)天然條件較差，要(yao)(yao)到(dao)達規定中的(de)(de)(de)防(fang)滲和(he)穩(wen)定要(yao)(yao)求，需要(yao)(yao)從地(di)(di)基(ji)(ji)上(shang)實行嚴格(ge)的(de)(de)(de)處(chu)理(li)。中國(guo)(guo)地(di)(di)質條件復雜，不(bu)同(tong)的(de)(de)(de)地(di)(di)質地(di)(di)理(li)環境需要(yao)(yao)不(bu)同(tong)的(de)(de)(de)施工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)技術(shu)(shu)(shu)來支撐，在工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)前期就應該(gai)對(dui)(dui)地(di)(di)基(ji)(ji)防(fang)水(shui)(shui)性能(neng)(neng)和(he)穩(wen)定性能(neng)(neng)做好充分(fen)的(de)(de)(de)準備和(he)措施防(fang)范，一(yi)旦出(chu)現(xian)出(chu)現(xian)問題就會牽一(yi)發(fa)(fa)而動全身。水(shui)(shui)利(li)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)對(dui)(dui)建筑(zhu)物(wu)地(di)(di)基(ji)(ji)處(chu)理(li)是(shi)需要(yao)(yao)特定的(de)(de)(de)技術(shu)(shu)(shu)，而灌(guan)漿技術(shu)(shu)(shu)能(neng)(neng)夠彌補地(di)(di)基(ji)(ji)建筑(zhu)過程(cheng)(cheng)中的(de)(de)(de)失誤和(he)遺漏。所以為了(le)保證(zheng)水(shui)(shui)利(li)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)不(bu)斷(duan)前進發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)，本文結合水(shui)(shui)利(li)施工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)實踐基(ji)(ji)礎(chu)，對(dui)(dui)灌(guan)漿施工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)的(de)(de)(de)要(yao)(yao)點進行探討。

參考文獻

[1]許厚(hou)材(cai).水(shui)(shui)利水(shui)(shui)電(dian)(dian)工(gong)程基礎灌漿(jiang)殊(shu)地層的灌漿(jiang)方法[J].水(shui)(shui)利發電(dian)(dian)設計(ji)與施工(gong)，2005.

篇6

關鍵詞：水利(li)水電；基(ji)礎工程；灌漿施工技術

1利用灌漿施工技(ji)術開(kai)展基礎工程的重要作用

水(shui)利(li)(li)水(shui)電(dian)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)的(de)基(ji)礎工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)建(jian)(jian)設需(xu)要承受大量(liang)的(de)水(shui)壓(ya)力，如果(guo)在(zai)實際施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)中(zhong)出現(xian)(xian)滲流問(wen)題(ti)(ti)，那么會(hui)導致整個工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)的(de)結構強(qiang)度(du)出現(xian)(xian)嚴重問(wen)題(ti)(ti)，因此(ci)(ci)(ci)，要求(qiu)施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)人員要有效運用(yong)(yong)灌漿(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)技(ji)(ji)術，以(yi)此(ci)(ci)(ci)不僅確保(bao)順利(li)(li)完成施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)，還(huan)可以(yi)防止出現(xian)(xian)滲流問(wen)題(ti)(ti)。基(ji)礎工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)是開(kai)展水(shui)利(li)(li)水(shui)電(dian)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)建(jian)(jian)設中(zhong)的(de)關鍵環節工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)，所(suo)以(yi)需(xu)要施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)人員保(bao)障整個工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)的(de)施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)質量(liang)，特別要注重地基(ji)建(jian)(jian)設，因此(ci)(ci)(ci)，施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)人員要正確運用(yong)(yong)灌漿(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)技(ji)(ji)術，才能(neng)確保(bao)建(jian)(jian)設的(de)地基(ji)能(neng)長(chang)期(qi)安(an)全運行。此(ci)(ci)(ci)外，水(shui)利(li)(li)水(shui)電(dian)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)是一種隨時面對(dui)高(gao)速流動河(he)流的(de)截(jie)流工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)，以(yi)此(ci)(ci)(ci)可以(yi)有效治理(li)河(he)水(shui)出現(xian)(xian)的(de)問(wen)題(ti)(ti)，還(huan)能(neng)利(li)(li)用(yong)(yong)水(shui)力發電(dian)。但是如果(guo)壩(ba)體(ti)在(zai)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)建(jian)(jian)設中(zhong)出現(xian)(xian)嚴重水(shui)體(ti)滲流問(wen)題(ti)(ti)，會(hui)直接影響工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)的(de)穩定運行，甚至還(huan)會(hui)危機河(he)流下(xia)游居民的(de)生(sheng)命(ming)安(an)全，所(suo)以(yi)要求(qiu)施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)人員要科學使用(yong)(yong)灌漿(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)技(ji)(ji)術開(kai)展工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)建(jian)(jian)設工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)，以(yi)此(ci)(ci)(ci)才能(neng)確保(bao)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)保(bao)持高(gao)質量(liang)施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)。

2淺析水利水電工(gong)程中的灌漿(jiang)施工(gong)技術

2.1混凝土(tu)裂縫灌漿施(shi)工(gong)技(ji)術(shu)

開展(zhan)水(shui)利(li)水(shui)電基(ji)礎工(gong)(gong)(gong)程建設使用(yong)最廣泛的一種技(ji)(ji)(ji)術就是(shi)裂(lie)縫灌(guan)漿(jiang)(jiang)施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)技(ji)(ji)(ji)術，這種施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)技(ji)(ji)(ji)術主要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)根(gen)據施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)的實際情(qing)(qing)況增強工(gong)(gong)(gong)程的抗水(shui)壓和(he)(he)防(fang)滲能力(li)。近幾(ji)年，我(wo)國(guo)的混凝(ning)土裂(lie)縫灌(guan)漿(jiang)(jiang)施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)技(ji)(ji)(ji)術取得了非常重(zhong)要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)的進步和(he)(he)發展(zhan)，特別是(shi)運(yun)用(yong)環(huan)氧灌(guan)漿(jiang)(jiang)施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)技(ji)(ji)(ji)術對整(zheng)個工(gong)(gong)(gong)程的施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)質(zhi)量有(you)很重(zhong)要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)的作(zuo)用(yong)，但是(shi)需要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)人(ren)員(yuan)(yuan)完成(cheng)以(yi)下幾(ji)個方(fang)(fang)面的工(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)：首(shou)先，施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)人(ren)員(yuan)(yuan)要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)掌握裂(lie)縫灌(guan)漿(jiang)(jiang)施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)技(ji)(ji)(ji)術的原理(li)，還可以(yi)利(li)用(yong)水(shui)泥灌(guan)漿(jiang)(jiang)機灌(guan)入(ru)固(gu)(gu)結后(hou)的高強度(du)水(shui)泥漿(jiang)(jiang)，從而灌(guan)入(ru)裂(lie)縫中的漿(jiang)(jiang)體呈現(xian)分散、膨脹和(he)(he)固(gu)(gu)結，最后(hou)填充整(zheng)個裂(lie)縫，以(yi)此(ci)有(you)效防(fang)止出現(xian)滲水(shui)問題。其次，施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)人(ren)員(yuan)(yuan)要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)根(gen)據裂(lie)縫情(qing)(qing)況科學選擇灌(guan)漿(jiang)(jiang)加固(gu)(gu)施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)技(ji)(ji)(ji)術，比如，使用(yong)V型槽施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)方(fang)(fang)式在網狀裂(lie)縫中灌(guan)入(ru)環(huan)氧樹(shu)脂，從而保證整(zheng)個裂(lie)縫壩體的強度(du)和(he)(he)穩定性。

2.2無塞灌漿施工技術

首先是鉆(zhan)(zhan)孔(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)。建設水(shui)利水(shui)電基礎工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)需(xu)要先開展(zhan)鉆(zhan)(zhan)孔(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)，一般需(xu)要確(que)保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)鉆(zhan)(zhan)孔(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)深度在(zai)1500~2500mm之間(jian)，寬度為(wei)750mm左右，施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)人(ren)員要在(zai)完(wan)(wan)成鉆(zhan)(zhan)孔(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)之后及(ji)時用水(shui)清(qing)洗鉆(zhan)(zhan)孔(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)過程(cheng)中(zhong)產生的(de)粉(fen)塵等雜物，待洗孔(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)孔(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)口返清(qing)水(shui)后才(cai)能(neng)進行灌(guan)(guan)(guan)漿(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)。其次是制作(zuo)漿(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)液(ye)。無(wu)塞(sai)灌(guan)(guan)(guan)漿(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)技術需(xu)要運用由水(shui)、粉(fen)煤灰和水(shui)泥等物質(zhi)(zhi)構成的(de)漿(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)液(ye)開展(zhan)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)，在(zai)此期(qi)間(jian)需(xu)要嚴格控制水(shui)灰比，從(cong)而(er)(er)確(que)保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)其在(zai)凝固后也能(neng)具(ju)備(bei)高強度，確(que)保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)灌(guan)(guan)(guan)漿(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)質(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)。無(wu)塞(sai)灌(guan)(guan)(guan)漿(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)技術中(zhong)一般使(shi)用無(wu)縫鋼(gang)管(guan)號或鉆(zhan)(zhan)桿作(zuo)為(wei)注漿(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)管(guan)，從(cong)而(er)(er)確(que)保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)順利完(wan)(wan)成灌(guan)(guan)(guan)漿(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)。灌(guan)(guan)(guan)注施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)前，施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)人(ren)員要準備(bei)好灌(guan)(guan)(guan)漿(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)材料(liao)和施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)設備(bei)才(cai)能(neng)運用灌(guan)(guan)(guan)漿(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)技術，同時要按階(jie)段(duan)分工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)，確(que)保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)要完(wan)(wan)成上階(jie)段(duan)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)才(cai)能(neng)繼續開展(zhan)下(xia)一階(jie)段(duan)的(de)灌(guan)(guan)(guan)漿(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)，以此保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)證灌(guan)(guan)(guan)漿(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)的(de)質(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)，保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)障基礎工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)的(de)穩定運行。

2.3化(hua)學(xue)灌漿技術

化(hua)學(xue)灌(guan)漿(jiang)技(ji)術(shu)在水(shui)利(li)水(shui)電(dian)建(jian)筑(zhu)基礎工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)施工(gong)(gong)中相對比較特(te)殊(shu)，主要原因(yin)是(shi)其(qi)需要使用(yong)化(hua)學(xue)物料(liao)，通過加入一定(ding)(ding)的(de)化(hua)學(xue)原料(liao)可(ke)以增強灌(guan)漿(jiang)物料(liao)中的(de)化(hua)學(xue)性質。利(li)用(yong)化(hua)學(xue)灌(guan)漿(jiang)物料(liao)不僅可(ke)以確保順利(li)建(jian)設基礎工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)的(de)結構，一定(ding)(ding)程(cheng)(cheng)度(du)上還可(ke)以修復存在的(de)裂縫和破碎(sui)等現象。正(zheng)是(shi)因(yin)為如此(ci)，這個技(ji)術(shu)被廣泛(fan)應(ying)用(yong)到各種水(shui)利(li)水(shui)電(dian)工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)中。但是(shi)，施工(gong)(gong)人員要根據施工(gong)(gong)實際情況應(ying)用(yong)化(hua)學(xue)灌(guan)漿(jiang)技(ji)術(shu)，通過這種方式(shi)有效(xiao)緩解(jie)其(qi)中的(de)灌(guan)漿(jiang)壓力。

2.4高壓(ya)噴射灌(guan)漿防滲透(tou)施工技術

利用高壓(ya)噴(pen)射(she)灌漿防滲透(tou)施(shi)(shi)工(gong)技(ji)術(shu)開(kai)挖并(bing)(bing)不(bu)(bu)會(hui)(hui)花費很大工(gong)作(zuo)量(liang)，并(bing)(bing)且工(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)造價低，整個(ge)施(shi)(shi)工(gong)也(ye)比較簡單等等。其并(bing)(bing)不(bu)(bu)需要(yao)占據很大面積，所以基(ji)本不(bu)(bu)會(hui)(hui)影響周圍環境(jing)。運用這項(xiang)(xiang)技(ji)術(shu)可以保(bao)證(zheng)工(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)的(de)防滲和抗洪水(shui)(shui)能力。首先，施(shi)(shi)工(gong)人(ren)員(yuan)要(yao)及時(shi)填充(chong)鉆孔中的(de)漏點，并(bing)(bing)進(jin)行(xing)套(tao)管(guan)和鉆進(jin)。同(tong)時(shi)，進(jin)行(xing)鉆孔時(shi)要(yao)保(bao)證(zheng)其角(jiao)度(du)(du)維持(chi)在(zai)(zai)1%左右的(de)垂直狀態。其次，運用這項(xiang)(xiang)技(ji)術(shu)會(hui)(hui)因為不(bu)(bu)同(tong)的(de)噴(pen)射(she)形式產生不(bu)(bu)同(tong)基(ji)礎參數。在(zai)(zai)不(bu)(bu)同(tong)地質環境(jing)使用同(tong)種技(ji)術(shu)也(ye)不(bu)(bu)會(hui)(hui)影響水(shui)(shui)壓(ya)、漿壓(ya)和氣壓(ya)。但是灌漿速度(du)(du)隨著工(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)底層的(de)變化而改變。遇砂(sha)卵石就會(hui)(hui)減(jian)緩(huan)，遇砂(sha)質就會(hui)(hui)加快(kuai)。要(yao)確保(bao)按照先加快(kuai)序空后減(jian)緩(huan)的(de)速度(du)(du)進(jin)行(xing)灌漿工(gong)作(zuo)。如果孔內沒有出現反漿量(liang)，就需要(yao)隨時(shi)調整灌漿速度(du)(du)。但是施(shi)(shi)工(gong)人(ren)員(yuan)要(yao)按照相關標(biao)準(zhun)確保(bao)灌漿速度(du)(du)、壓(ya)力和開(kai)進(jin)速度(du)(du)始終保(bao)持(chi)在(zai)(zai)一(yi)定范圍內。

3淺析基礎灌漿(jiang)施工的技術要點

3.1要(yao)保證孔鉆技術的孔斜率

應用基礎(chu)灌漿(jiang)(jiang)施(shi)工(gong)(gong)技術完成澆(jiao)筑(zhu)工(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)時工(gong)(gong)程建設的基礎(chu)環節之一，對運用這項(xiang)技術有很重要(yao)(yao)的影響作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)用。因此，需要(yao)(yao)施(shi)工(gong)(gong)人員(yuan)先明(ming)確(que)(que)相關要(yao)(yao)求才能正式開展(zhan)工(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)，同(tong)時還(huan)(huan)需要(yao)(yao)確(que)(que)保(bao)澆(jiao)筑(zhu)孔壁(bi)和直孔位(wei)置呈直角狀態，勻速(su)完成澆(jiao)筑(zhu)工(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)。施(shi)工(gong)(gong)人員(yuan)必(bi)須(xu)按照相關規(gui)程規(gui)范(fan)要(yao)(yao)求進行(xing)澆(jiao)筑(zhu)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)業。待澆(jiao)筑(zhu)混(hun)凝土(tu)強度達(da)到設計(ji)強度的70%以后再進行(xing)灌漿(jiang)(jiang)工(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)，并且還(huan)(huan)需要(yao)(yao)采用灌漿(jiang)(jiang)方式確(que)(que)保(bao)完成工(gong)(gong)程施(shi)工(gong)(gong)時的鉆孔工(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)。同(tong)時施(shi)工(gong)(gong)人員(yuan)正式開始孔灌漿(jiang)(jiang)工(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)前要(yao)(yao)嚴格檢查(cha)鉆孔，還(huan)(huan)必(bi)須(xu)完成壓水(shui)試驗。

3.2鉆孔壓漿(jiang)的(de)灌注施工

定(ding)位、成孔、注(zhu)漿和灌漿等(deng)環節的(de)(de)(de)工(gong)(gong)作是利用(yong)鉆孔壓漿進行灌注(zhu)施工(gong)(gong)的(de)(de)(de)重(zhong)要(yao)(yao)內(nei)容。施工(gong)(gong)人員(yuan)要(yao)(yao)盡量(liang)減(jian)少因操作失誤帶來(lai)的(de)(de)(de)施工(gong)(gong)質量(liang)問題，比如出現成孔堵塞和樁點錯位等(deng)情況。技術(shu)人員(yuan)還需(xu)要(yao)(yao)準確(que)記錄定(ding)位的(de)(de)(de)測量(liang)數(shu)據(ju)，并在整(zheng)合之后建立(li)數(shu)據(ju)庫(ku)、繪制平面圖。及時清除成孔時鉆孔中的(de)(de)(de)雜物(wu)和灌漿時產(chan)生(sheng)的(de)(de)(de)泥漿。想(xiang)要(yao)(yao)確(que)保整(zheng)個工(gong)(gong)程的(de)(de)(de)施工(gong)(gong)質量(liang)，需(xu)要(yao)(yao)技術(shu)人員(yuan)有(you)效(xiao)結合動載和靜載檢(jian)測承(cheng)載力。

篇7

水(shui)庫的(de)(de)建(jian)造在(zai)一定程度上，可以使人們的(de)(de)生(sheng)產生(sheng)活得(de)到一定的(de)(de)保(bao)障。而水(shui)庫的(de)(de)主壩又是水(shui)庫在(zai)建(jian)造過(guo)程中一個重要(yao)的(de)(de)部分，在(zai)其(qi)施(shi)工的(de)(de)時(shi)候要(yao)格外的(de)(de)注(zhu)意。施(shi)工在(zai)進(jin)(jin)行施(shi)工的(de)(de)時(shi)候要(yao)對(dui)(dui)主壩的(de)(de)工程質量(liang)進(jin)(jin)行監測，依據現在(zai)比(bi)較先進(jin)(jin)的(de)(de)一些技術(shu)對(dui)(dui)其(qi)進(jin)(jin)行建(jian)造。高(gao)噴灌漿施(shi)工技術(shu)在(zai)水(shui)庫主壩的(de)(de)建(jian)設中起(qi)到了一定的(de)(de)作(zuo)用，本文(wen)就(jiu)是圍繞(rao)水(shui)庫主壩的(de)(de)施(shi)工，針對(dui)(dui)主壩的(de)(de)工作(zuo)難點選擇(ze)適合水(shui)庫建(jian)造的(de)(de)一些技術(shu)方法，促進(jin)(jin)水(shui)庫在(zai)建(jian)設的(de)(de)時(shi)候能夠保(bao)質保(bao)量(liang)。

關鍵詞:

水庫(ku)；主壩(ba)；灌漿技(ji)術

隨著當前(qian)我國的(de)科學(xue)技(ji)術(shu)(shu)(shu)的(de)發(fa)展(zhan)，在許多領域都應(ying)用(yong)到(dao)科學(xue)技(ji)術(shu)(shu)(shu)的(de)手(shou)段。在水利(li)(li)工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)的(de)建設中，我國也開(kai)始采取(qu)一(yi)些(xie)高噴灌漿的(de)施(shi)工(gong)(gong)技(ji)術(shu)(shu)(shu)。將高噴灌漿的(de)技(ji)術(shu)(shu)(shu)結合當下水庫(ku)周圍的(de)地(di)質(zhi)進(jin)行考察，選取(qu)適合的(de)方式對其進(jin)行建設。由于高噴灌漿技(ji)術(shu)(shu)(shu)滿足了當下施(shi)工(gong)(gong)隊(dui)(dui)伍的(de)需要，所以在水利(li)(li)工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)中廣泛的(de)進(jin)行應(ying)用(yong)。這在一(yi)定程(cheng)(cheng)度上，對施(shi)工(gong)(gong)隊(dui)(dui)伍在工(gong)(gong)作的(de)時候減輕了工(gong)(gong)作人(ren)員的(de)工(gong)(gong)作負(fu)擔，有利(li)(li)于水庫(ku)的(de)防(fang)滲透(tou)工(gong)(gong)作，提高了水庫(ku)在建設中的(de)質(zhi)量。

1水庫工程的概括

為(wei)了建(jian)設(she)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)庫(ku)(ku)主(zhu)壩(ba)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)施(shi)工，首先就要了解水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)庫(ku)(ku)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)整個(ge)情況。水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)庫(ku)(ku)在(zai)形態上(shang)(shang)分為(wei)大型、中型和小型的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)庫(ku)(ku)，不同(tong)(tong)型的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)庫(ku)(ku)在(zai)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)庫(ku)(ku)容上(shang)(shang)存在(zai)著不同(tong)(tong)。水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)庫(ku)(ku)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)流域面積根據(ju)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)庫(ku)(ku)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)大小也存在(zai)著一(yi)定(ding)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)差(cha)距，這(zhe)樣就會給工程的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)建(jian)設(she)帶來一(yi)定(ding)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)難度，要考(kao)(kao)慮(lv)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)庫(ku)(ku)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)面積、庫(ku)(ku)容等因(yin)素(su)，再(zai)對水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)庫(ku)(ku)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)主(zhu)壩(ba)高度進(jin)行規劃(hua)(hua)。除了這(zhe)些因(yin)素(su)需(xu)要考(kao)(kao)慮(lv)，還要對水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)庫(ku)(ku)在(zai)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)滲漏(lou)問題(ti)上(shang)(shang)進(jin)行規劃(hua)(hua)，使水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)庫(ku)(ku)能夠更好的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)進(jin)行調節。為(wei)了使水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)庫(ku)(ku)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)建(jian)設(she)減少壩(ba)體的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)滲漏(lou)問題(ti)，就要采用高壓旋(xuan)噴灌(guan)漿的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)技(ji)術進(jin)行處理維護水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)庫(ku)(ku)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)主(zhu)壩(ba)。

2高噴灌漿施工技術的概念

高(gao)(gao)噴(pen)(pen)灌(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)漿(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)技(ji)術(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)一(yi)般是(shi)應用(yong)(yong)到水(shui)(shui)利(li)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程建(jian)設中(zhong)(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)，高(gao)(gao)噴(pen)(pen)灌(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)漿(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)技(ji)術(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)是(shi)指(zhi)一(yi)種(zhong)(zhong)運用(yong)(yong)高(gao)(gao)速水(shui)(shui)力(li)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)沖擊(ji)切割(ge)破壞地表(biao)(biao)，把水(shui)(shui)泥的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)泥漿(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)放入到噴(pen)(pen)射(she)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)裝(zhuang)置(zhi)(zhi)之中(zhong)(zhong)。把泥漿(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)與地表(biao)(biao)層(ceng)中(zhong)(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)物(wu)(wu)質混雜在(zai)(zai)一(yi)起形成一(yi)種(zhong)(zhong)凝結(jie)體，用(yong)(yong)來(lai)改變(bian)原(yuan)來(lai)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)地表(biao)(biao)結(jie)構，用(yong)(yong)來(lai)提高(gao)(gao)建(jian)筑物(wu)(wu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)防滲透(tou)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)能力(li)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)一(yi)種(zhong)(zhong)技(ji)術(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)，著就是(shi)高(gao)(gao)噴(pen)(pen)灌(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)漿(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)技(ji)術(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)。高(gao)(gao)噴(pen)(pen)灌(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)漿(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)技(ji)術(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)在(zai)(zai)進(jin)行噴(pen)(pen)射(she)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)時候，要(yao)先對周圍進(jin)行一(yi)定的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)防護措施(shi)(shi)。用(yong)(yong)來(lai)防止噴(pen)(pen)灌(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)液(ye)體的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)飛濺，保(bao)證在(zai)(zai)施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)過(guo)程中(zhong)(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)整潔(jie)。在(zai)(zai)高(gao)(gao)噴(pen)(pen)灌(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)漿(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)技(ji)術(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)中(zhong)(zhong)分為(wei)以(yi)(yi)下幾種(zhong)(zhong)方法(fa)，有單管(guan)(guan)、兩(liang)(liang)管(guan)(guan)法(fa)、三管(guan)(guan)法(fa)及多重管(guan)(guan)法(fa)，其中(zhong)(zhong)每個方法(fa)都有其特性(xing)。單管(guan)(guan)法(fa)是(shi)采用(yong)(yong)單一(yi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)水(shui)(shui)泥基(ji)質漿(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)液(ye)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)高(gao)(gao)噴(pen)(pen)方法(fa)，兩(liang)(liang)管(guan)(guan)法(fa)是(shi)指(zhi)高(gao)(gao)速射(she)流(liu)束為(wei)水(shui)(shui)泥基(ji)質漿(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)液(ye)，它的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)外(wai)面(mian)有一(yi)個壓(ya)縮空(kong)氣的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)裝(zhuang)置(zhi)(zhi)，可以(yi)(yi)進(jin)行高(gao)(gao)噴(pen)(pen)。三管(guan)(guan)法(fa)是(shi)指(zhi)高(gao)(gao)速射(she)流(liu)束為(wei)清水(shui)(shui)，它的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)外(wai)面(mian)也(ye)和二管(guan)(guan)法(fa)一(yi)樣有個壓(ya)縮空(kong)氣的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)裝(zhuang)置(zhi)(zhi)，但是(shi)不(bu)同的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)是(shi)采用(yong)(yong)水(shui)(shui)泥的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)漿(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)液(ye)運用(yong)(yong)低(di)壓(ya)進(jin)行高(gao)(gao)噴(pen)(pen)。高(gao)(gao)噴(pen)(pen)灌(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)漿(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)技(ji)術(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)主要(yao)有三種(zhong)(zhong)噴(pen)(pen)射(she)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)形式，定噴(pen)(pen)、擺噴(pen)(pen)和旋噴(pen)(pen)。通過(guo)高(gao)(gao)噴(pen)(pen)灌(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)漿(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)技(ji)術(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)，可以(yi)(yi)使水(shui)(shui)利(li)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程建(jian)設有更好的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)發展，而在(zai)(zai)現代(dai)運用(yong)(yong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)高(gao)(gao)噴(pen)(pen)灌(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)漿(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)技(ji)術(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)也(ye)多是(shi)采用(yong)(yong)三管(guan)(guan)法(fa)，運用(yong)(yong)高(gao)(gao)壓(ya)旋噴(pen)(pen)灌(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)漿(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)來(lai)進(jin)行施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)。

3高噴(pen)灌漿技術在水庫主壩(ba)中的應用

3．1考察(cha)水庫的地質條件

在對水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)庫主(zhu)(zhu)壩(ba)(ba)(ba)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)建設(she)(she)中(zhong)，要(yao)(yao)(yao)考慮(lv)(lv)到(dao)(dao)(dao)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)庫周(zhou)圍的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)一(yi)(yi)些(xie)(xie)環境因素。因為(wei)高(gao)噴(pen)(pen)灌漿技(ji)術(shu)主(zhu)(zhu)要(yao)(yao)(yao)是采用水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)、氣(qi)(qi)(qi)和漿三種(zhong)結合的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)方(fang)(fang)式，把(ba)(ba)帶有(you)噴(pen)(pen)管的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)鉆頭注入水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)泥漿打(da)到(dao)(dao)(dao)地(di)(di)(di)下(xia)，對于(yu)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)庫需(xu)要(yao)(yao)(yao)維護(hu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)地(di)(di)(di)方(fang)(fang)進行(xing)(xing)加固。在對水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)庫主(zhu)(zhu)壩(ba)(ba)(ba)進行(xing)(xing)施(shi)(shi)工(gong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)時候(hou)(hou)(hou)，要(yao)(yao)(yao)考慮(lv)(lv)到(dao)(dao)(dao)主(zhu)(zhu)壩(ba)(ba)(ba)在水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)庫中(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)作用，作為(wei)主(zhu)(zhu)壩(ba)(ba)(ba)它肩(jian)負的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)責任很重大(da)。對其(qi)進行(xing)(xing)施(shi)(shi)工(gong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)時候(hou)(hou)(hou)就要(yao)(yao)(yao)尤其(qi)注意質(zhi)量，把(ba)(ba)噴(pen)(pen)管下(xia)到(dao)(dao)(dao)地(di)(di)(di)里面，通過高(gao)壓設(she)(she)備(bei)把(ba)(ba)高(gao)壓水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)射流(liu)入切割好的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)地(di)(di)(di)基(ji)之中(zhong)，然(ran)后(hou)注入水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)泥漿液和空氣(qi)(qi)(qi)，這(zhe)樣可以使(shi)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)庫的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)地(di)(di)(di)基(ji)更牢固。只有(you)把(ba)(ba)地(di)(di)(di)基(ji)打(da)好了(le)，才能(neng)有(you)好的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)工(gong)程(cheng)建設(she)(she)。這(zhe)種(zhong)高(gao)噴(pen)(pen)灌漿技(ji)術(shu)能(neng)夠使(shi)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)泥與泥土(tu)進行(xing)(xing)很好的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)融合，等混凝土(tu)干(gan)了(le)以后(hou)就會變(bian)成堅硬的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)固體，主(zhu)(zhu)壩(ba)(ba)(ba)也(ye)就建設(she)(she)成了(le)。水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)庫的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)主(zhu)(zhu)壩(ba)(ba)(ba)建設(she)(she)好以后(hou)，還要(yao)(yao)(yao)注意在每個壩(ba)(ba)(ba)體的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)之間都(dou)有(you)孔(kong)相連接，也(ye)要(yao)(yao)(yao)保(bao)證這(zhe)些(xie)(xie)孔(kong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)堅固性。在水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)庫主(zhu)(zhu)壩(ba)(ba)(ba)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)建設(she)(she)中(zhong)，要(yao)(yao)(yao)考慮(lv)(lv)當地(di)(di)(di)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)溫(wen)度氣(qi)(qi)(qi)候(hou)(hou)(hou)等原因。有(you)些(xie)(xie)地(di)(di)(di)區氣(qi)(qi)(qi)候(hou)(hou)(hou)比(bi)較(jiao)干(gan)燥，冬冷夏(xia)熱四季分明，溫(wen)差比(bi)較(jiao)大(da)，這(zhe)些(xie)(xie)因素都(dou)給水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)庫在主(zhu)(zhu)壩(ba)(ba)(ba)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)建設(she)(she)中(zhong)帶來了(le)一(yi)(yi)定(ding)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)問(wen)題，比(bi)如我國著(zhu)(zhu)名(ming)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)葛洲(zhou)壩(ba)(ba)(ba)工(gong)程(cheng)，作為(wei)三峽(xia)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)利(li)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)一(yi)(yi)個樞紐(niu)，葛洲(zhou)壩(ba)(ba)(ba)位于(yu)長(chang)江沿岸，長(chang)江地(di)(di)(di)區每年的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)降(jiang)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)量都(dou)比(bi)較(jiao)大(da)，在主(zhu)(zhu)壩(ba)(ba)(ba)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)建設(she)(she)上就要(yao)(yao)(yao)考慮(lv)(lv)到(dao)(dao)(dao)降(jiang)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)量的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)問(wen)題，水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)位會隨(sui)著(zhu)(zhu)降(jiang)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)量的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)增加而(er)漲(zhang)(zhang)高(gao)，所(suo)以在施(shi)(shi)工(gong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)時候(hou)(hou)(hou)就要(yao)(yao)(yao)對其(qi)漲(zhang)(zhang)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)位也(ye)要(yao)(yao)(yao)進行(xing)(xing)一(yi)(yi)定(ding)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)劃(hua)分，保(bao)證工(gong)程(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)質(zhi)量問(wen)題。由于(yu)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)溫(wen)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)不穩定(ding)在施(shi)(shi)工(gong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)時候(hou)(hou)(hou)就要(yao)(yao)(yao)對高(gao)噴(pen)(pen)灌漿技(ji)術(shu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)使(shi)用要(yao)(yao)(yao)進行(xing)(xing)合理的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)規劃(hua)。

3．2施(shi)工(gong)技術的規劃

在(zai)(zai)水庫(ku)進(jin)(jin)(jin)行高(gao)(gao)噴(pen)(pen)灌(guan)(guan)(guan)漿(jiang)技(ji)術(shu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)時(shi)候(hou)，要(yao)對水庫(ku)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)建(jian)設(she)進(jin)(jin)(jin)行一(yi)個(ge)(ge)規(gui)劃。首(shou)先(xian)就是(shi)要(yao)從高(gao)(gao)噴(pen)(pen)灌(guan)(guan)(guan)漿(jiang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)質(zhi)量(liang)(liang)上(shang)考慮，無論是(shi)在(zai)(zai)水庫(ku)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)整體建(jian)設(she)還是(shi)施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)現場的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)各個(ge)(ge)環節的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)質(zhi)量(liang)(liang)，都要(yao)做到(dao)(dao)保質(zhi)保量(liang)(liang)。提高(gao)(gao)高(gao)(gao)噴(pen)(pen)灌(guan)(guan)(guan)漿(jiang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)技(ji)術(shu)，使(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)質(zhi)量(liang)(liang)能(neng)夠有所(suo)保證，做出一(yi)個(ge)(ge)合(he)(he)格(ge)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)水利工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)。其次，就是(shi)要(yao)對主壩(ba)(ba)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)進(jin)(jin)(jin)行合(he)(he)理的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)分工(gong)(gong)(gong)，根(gen)據施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)單位在(zai)(zai)高(gao)(gao)噴(pen)(pen)灌(guan)(guan)(guan)漿(jiang)技(ji)術(shu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)應用，合(he)(he)理安排做水泥漿(jiang)液(ye)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)人員(yuan)、進(jin)(jin)(jin)行低下(xia)鉆(zhan)頭探入(ru)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)人員(yuan)等，在(zai)(zai)保證工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)質(zhi)量(liang)(liang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)時(shi)候(hou)也(ye)要(yao)在(zai)(zai)相應的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)日期(qi)內完工(gong)(gong)(gong)。在(zai)(zai)施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)過程(cheng)(cheng)中要(yao)選取適合(he)(he)水庫(ku)主壩(ba)(ba)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)材料，水庫(ku)常年有水在(zai)(zai)材料的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)運用上(shang)要(yao)選取一(yi)些防滲(shen)透比(bi)較強的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)泥漿(jiang)，避免一(yi)些施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)人員(yuan)在(zai)(zai)施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)時(shi)候(hou)偷工(gong)(gong)(gong)減料的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)問題，對施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)中的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)高(gao)(gao)噴(pen)(pen)灌(guan)(guan)(guan)漿(jiang)技(ji)術(shu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)水泥進(jin)(jin)(jin)行質(zhi)量(liang)(liang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)篩選，使(shi)高(gao)(gao)噴(pen)(pen)灌(guan)(guan)(guan)漿(jiang)技(ji)術(shu)能(neng)夠很好的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)得到(dao)(dao)應用。

3．3高噴灌(guan)漿技術的(de)步驟

對(dui)于水(shui)庫主壩的(de)(de)(de)(de)施(shi)工，首(shou)先要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)測(ce)量確定(ding)(ding)孔(kong)位(wei)，然后打孔(kong)設(she)定(ding)(ding)一(yi)(yi)(yi)定(ding)(ding)的(de)(de)(de)(de)噴(pen)射(she)方(fang)向，最后進行(xing)(xing)灌(guan)(guan)(guan)漿(jiang)(jiang)使其凝結。在(zai)(zai)高(gao)(gao)(gao)噴(pen)灌(guan)(guan)(guan)漿(jiang)(jiang)施(shi)工的(de)(de)(de)(de)時候(hou)(hou)，要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)采取符合水(shui)庫實(shi)際的(de)(de)(de)(de)擺(bai)噴(pen)。對(dui)氣、漿(jiang)(jiang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)選擇(ze)上(shang)都要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)適宜，等到漿(jiang)(jiang)液返到地面的(de)(de)(de)(de)時候(hou)(hou)對(dui)其進行(xing)(xing)提(ti)升再深入。高(gao)(gao)(gao)噴(pen)灌(guan)(guan)(guan)漿(jiang)(jiang)技(ji)術在(zai)(zai)灌(guan)(guan)(guan)漿(jiang)(jiang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)過(guo)程中，有時候(hou)(hou)會遇(yu)到灌(guan)(guan)(guan)漿(jiang)(jiang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)時候(hou)(hou)壓力出現問題，突(tu)然的(de)(de)(de)(de)增加或驟減都會影響灌(guan)(guan)(guan)漿(jiang)(jiang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)質量。在(zai)(zai)高(gao)(gao)(gao)噴(pen)灌(guan)(guan)(guan)漿(jiang)(jiang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)時候(hou)(hou)，要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)是(shi)出現一(yi)(yi)(yi)些中斷的(de)(de)(de)(de)狀況，再進行(xing)(xing)灌(guan)(guan)(guan)漿(jiang)(jiang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)時候(hou)(hou)就要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)在(zai)(zai)原基礎(chu)上(shang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)接入點上(shang)進行(xing)(xing)復(fu)合，減少(shao)灌(guan)(guan)(guan)漿(jiang)(jiang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)誤(wu)差。在(zai)(zai)高(gao)(gao)(gao)噴(pen)灌(guan)(guan)(guan)漿(jiang)(jiang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)時候(hou)(hou)，要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)對(dui)水(shui)庫的(de)(de)(de)(de)周邊的(de)(de)(de)(de)水(shui)位(wei)、水(shui)溫(wen)進行(xing)(xing)一(yi)(yi)(yi)定(ding)(ding)的(de)(de)(de)(de)監測(ce)，保(bao)證(zheng)在(zai)(zai)施(shi)工的(de)(de)(de)(de)過(guo)程中泥漿(jiang)(jiang)容易凝結，使水(shui)庫主壩的(de)(de)(de)(de)可以(yi)更加的(de)(de)(de)(de)牢(lao)固。

3．4防滲透技術的(de)應用

水(shui)(shui)庫(ku)(ku)主壩(ba)的(de)(de)(de)(de)建設(she)在(zai)(zai)采(cai)取高(gao)(gao)噴灌(guan)漿(jiang)技術的(de)(de)(de)(de)時(shi)候(hou)，要(yao)(yao)結合實際的(de)(de)(de)(de)水(shui)(shui)庫(ku)(ku)的(de)(de)(de)(de)情況進(jin)(jin)行(xing)(xing)分析。水(shui)(shui)庫(ku)(ku)主壩(ba)的(de)(de)(de)(de)建設(she)，由于主壩(ba)要(yao)(yao)經(jing)過(guo)水(shui)(shui)的(de)(de)(de)(de)沖刷(shua)，要(yao)(yao)考慮到經(jing)過(guo)長時(shi)間的(de)(de)(de)(de)浸泡(pao)壩(ba)體(ti)容(rong)易被侵蝕，所以(yi)在(zai)(zai)進(jin)(jin)行(xing)(xing)高(gao)(gao)噴灌(guan)漿(jiang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)時(shi)候(hou)就(jiu)要(yao)(yao)采(cai)取防(fang)(fang)滲(shen)(shen)透(tou)(tou)(tou)的(de)(de)(de)(de)材質。在(zai)(zai)壩(ba)體(ti)之間的(de)(de)(de)(de)連(lian)接上，要(yao)(yao)采(cai)取高(gao)(gao)壓擺噴灌(guan)漿(jiang)施工，這樣能(neng)夠有效的(de)(de)(de)(de)阻擋水(shui)(shui)的(de)(de)(de)(de)侵蝕形成(cheng)一(yi)(yi)個(ge)防(fang)(fang)滲(shen)(shen)透(tou)(tou)(tou)的(de)(de)(de)(de)墻(qiang)體(ti)。還(huan)要(yao)(yao)根據水(shui)(shui)庫(ku)(ku)的(de)(de)(de)(de)水(shui)(shui)位，對(dui)防(fang)(fang)滲(shen)(shen)透(tou)(tou)(tou)墻(qiang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)高(gao)(gao)度(du)(du)進(jin)(jin)行(xing)(xing)一(yi)(yi)定的(de)(de)(de)(de)測量(liang)，對(dui)防(fang)(fang)滲(shen)(shen)透(tou)(tou)(tou)墻(qiang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)深度(du)(du)的(de)(de)(de)(de)規劃(hua)，就(jiu)要(yao)(yao)依據水(shui)(shui)庫(ku)(ku)的(de)(de)(de)(de)庫(ku)(ku)容(rong)還(huan)要(yao)(yao)保留出在(zai)(zai)壩(ba)底(di)的(de)(de)(de)(de)深度(du)(du)。高(gao)(gao)噴灌(guan)漿(jiang)防(fang)(fang)滲(shen)(shen)透(tou)(tou)(tou)墻(qiang)在(zai)(zai)進(jin)(jin)行(xing)(xing)灌(guan)漿(jiang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)時(shi)候(hou)，要(yao)(yao)有一(yi)(yi)定的(de)(de)(de)(de)余留使水(shui)(shui)庫(ku)(ku)對(dui)壩(ba)體(ti)有一(yi)(yi)個(ge)堅固(gu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)作用。這樣可以(yi)水(shui)(shui)庫(ku)(ku)在(zai)(zai)壩(ba)體(ti)的(de)(de)(de)(de)建設(she)上有一(yi)(yi)個(ge)連(lian)貫(guan)性，保證(zheng)壩(ba)體(ti)都有一(yi)(yi)定的(de)(de)(de)(de)滲(shen)(shen)透(tou)(tou)(tou)管道，保證(zheng)主壩(ba)的(de)(de)(de)(de)安(an)全。

4結論

綜上所述(shu)，水(shui)(shui)(shui)庫主壩(ba)施工(gong)(gong)中高(gao)(gao)噴(pen)灌(guan)漿(jiang)施工(gong)(gong)技(ji)術(shu)中，要(yao)嚴格的(de)(de)(de)(de)按照水(shui)(shui)(shui)庫的(de)(de)(de)(de)實際情況進行設計。水(shui)(shui)(shui)庫工(gong)(gong)程質量的(de)(de)(de)(de)保(bao)證(zheng)，在一(yi)(yi)(yi)定(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)程度上也是(shi)對(dui)人們的(de)(de)(de)(de)生(sheng)產生(sheng)活起到一(yi)(yi)(yi)定(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)的(de)(de)(de)(de)積極促進作(zuo)用(yong)，所以在施工(gong)(gong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)時候一(yi)(yi)(yi)定(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)要(yao)保(bao)證(zheng)質量。對(dui)灌(guan)漿(jiang)進行一(yi)(yi)(yi)定(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)的(de)(de)(de)(de)試(shi)壓的(de)(de)(de)(de)工(gong)(gong)作(zuo)，保(bao)證(zheng)在灌(guan)漿(jiang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)時候避免一(yi)(yi)(yi)些壓力引起的(de)(de)(de)(de)壩(ba)體的(de)(de)(de)(de)質量。在施工(gong)(gong)之前就(jiu)要(yao)對(dui)水(shui)(shui)(shui)庫的(de)(de)(de)(de)一(yi)(yi)(yi)些水(shui)(shui)(shui)紋、地質進行一(yi)(yi)(yi)定(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)的(de)(de)(de)(de)勘測(ce)，使(shi)各項(xiang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)準備(bei)工(gong)(gong)作(zuo)都(dou)做好，確保(bao)在施工(gong)(gong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)時候在應用(yong)高(gao)(gao)噴(pen)灌(guan)漿(jiang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)時候數(shu)據情況都(dou)是(shi)準確的(de)(de)(de)(de)。在水(shui)(shui)(shui)庫主壩(ba)的(de)(de)(de)(de)施工(gong)(gong)中，要(yao)使(shi)高(gao)(gao)噴(pen)灌(guan)漿(jiang)施工(gong)(gong)技(ji)術(shu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)質量得到一(yi)(yi)(yi)定(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)的(de)(de)(de)(de)認可，提高(gao)(gao)水(shui)(shui)(shui)庫主壩(ba)的(de)(de)(de)(de)質量以及其使(shi)用(yong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)年頭(tou)。

作者：易誠 單(dan)位：新(xin)疆(jiang)志翔工(gong)程建(jian)設(she)咨詢監(jian)理有限責任公司(si)

參考文獻

［1］劉曉民．混凝土防(fang)滲墻施工技術(shu)在(zai)水庫(ku)主壩施工中的(de)應用［J］．黑龍江科技信(xin)息(xi)，2015(25):233．

篇8

1.1鉆孔(kong)(kong)(kong)在(zai)鉆孔(kong)(kong)(kong)工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)中一(yi)定(ding)(ding)要(yao)(yao)保證(zheng)孔(kong)(kong)(kong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)垂(chui)直度(du)，避免出現孔(kong)(kong)(kong)傾斜的(de)(de)(de)(de)情況。在(zai)打孔(kong)(kong)(kong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)時候應該分段進行，盡量(liang)使孔(kong)(kong)(kong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)傾斜度(du)保持在(zai)規定(ding)(ding)的(de)(de)(de)(de)范(fan)圍(wei)內。不(bu)同(tong)(tong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)水利工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)對工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)需求也不(bu)同(tong)(tong)，而且施(shi)工(gong)(gong)現場的(de)(de)(de)(de)巖石(shi)硬度(du)和滲透(tou)性(xing)都是(shi)不(bu)同(tong)(tong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)，我們必須(xu)采(cai)用滿足(zu)工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)需要(yao)(yao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)鉆機進行鉆孔(kong)(kong)(kong)，當前使用最多的(de)(de)(de)(de)鉆頭就是(shi)金剛石(shi)。在(zai)鉆孔(kong)(kong)(kong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)時候，一(yi)定(ding)(ding)要(yao)(yao)保證(zheng)鉆孔(kong)(kong)(kong)準確，方向垂(chui)直，把(ba)孔(kong)(kong)(kong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)偏差盡量(liang)控制(zhi)在(zai)十米以內。值得注意(yi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)是(shi)在(zai)鉆孔(kong)(kong)(kong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)時候要(yao)(yao)使用質量(liang)好的(de)(de)(de)(de)泥漿(jiang)固(gu)壁。

1.2沖(chong)洗(xi)為了使灌漿質量得(de)到保證，在(zai)鉆孔之后，應高(gao)使用(yong)高(gao)壓水(shui)槍(qiang)對(dui)鉆孔進(jin)行(xing)噴射(she)，直到清洗(xi)干凈(jing)為止。同時對(dui)工程(cheng)中的(de)巖石裂縫也要清洗(xi)干凈(jing)，以(yi)(yi)便于(yu)后期壓水(shui)施工的(de)進(jin)行(xing)。我們可以(yi)(yi)采用(yong)多孔清洗(xi)也可以(yi)(yi)使用(yong)單孔清洗(xi)，不論選擇哪種清洗(xi)方法，一定(ding)要保證鉆孔的(de)清潔度(du)。

1.3壓(ya)(ya)水(shui)(shui)要想做好(hao)(hao)壓(ya)(ya)水(shui)(shui)工(gong)作，就必須對施工(gong)現場的(de)(de)(de)巖層(ceng)滲透(tou)(tou)情況有所了解，通過對相關(guan)勘探結果的(de)(de)(de)分析，然后(hou)確定(ding)灌漿開始使用(yong)的(de)(de)(de)漿液濃度，同時(shi)確定(ding)巖層(ceng)的(de)(de)(de)滲透(tou)(tou)性(xing)和灌漿干料(liao)之間(jian)的(de)(de)(de)關(guan)系，通過掌(zhang)握滲透(tou)(tou)性(xing)的(de)(de)(de)實(shi)際(ji)規律(lv)來做好(hao)(hao)壓(ya)(ya)水(shui)(shui)試驗(yan)(yan)。在實(shi)際(ji)的(de)(de)(de)壓(ya)(ya)水(shui)(shui)實(shi)驗(yan)(yan)過程中(zhong)，通過鉆(zhan)孔壓(ya)(ya)力使得水(shui)(shui)進(jin)入(ru)到孔壁的(de)(de)(de)四周(zhou)，根據實(shi)際(ji)情況來計算出滲透(tou)(tou)性(xing)參數。在進(jin)行壓(ya)(ya)水(shui)(shui)實(shi)驗(yan)(yan)的(de)(de)(de)時(shi)候，應該采用(yong)自上而下的(de)(de)(de)順序(xu)，分段(duan)進(jin)行試驗(yan)(yan)。

1.4灌(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)漿(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)各種(zhong)(zhong)灌(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)漿(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)施工(gong)技(ji)術(shu)在(zai)開灌(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)階段都要(yao)注意兩個問題的(de)選擇，灌(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)漿(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)方(fang)(fang)式(shi)和灌(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)漿(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)順(shun)序(xu)。灌(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)漿(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)方(fang)(fang)式(shi)主要(yao)有(you)兩種(zhong)(zhong)，純壓(ya)式(shi)灌(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)漿(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)和循(xun)(xun)環(huan)(huan)式(shi)灌(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)漿(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)。純壓(ya)式(shi)灌(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)漿(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)是(shi)(shi)指單純的(de)將漿(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)液(ye)(ye)灌(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)入(ru)鉆孔(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)或(huo)者巖(yan)(yan)(yan)石裂縫，不讓其返回(hui)地面循(xun)(xun)環(huan)(huan)。這種(zhong)(zhong)灌(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)漿(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)方(fang)(fang)式(shi)適合(he)較大(da)裂縫的(de)巖(yan)(yan)(yan)層(ceng)，鉆孔(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)不能(neng)太深，如(ru)化(hua)學灌(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)漿(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)常采用這種(zhong)(zhong)方(fang)(fang)式(shi)。純壓(ya)式(shi)灌(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)漿(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)的(de)缺(que)點(dian)是(shi)(shi)容易(yi)造成細(xi)小(xiao)裂縫的(de)堵(du)塞。循(xun)(xun)環(huan)(huan)式(shi)灌(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)漿(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)是(shi)(shi)指灌(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)入(ru)的(de)漿(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)液(ye)(ye)多于裂縫吸(xi)漿(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)量時，多余的(de)漿(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)液(ye)(ye)能(neng)夠經漿(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)管返回(hui)攪(jiao)漿(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)機。循(xun)(xun)環(huan)(huan)式(shi)灌(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)漿(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)可以分(fen)(fen)為(wei)(wei)(wei)孔(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)口循(xun)(xun)環(huan)(huan)和孔(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)內循(xun)(xun)環(huan)(huan)兩種(zhong)(zhong)。因為(wei)(wei)(wei)循(xun)(xun)環(huan)(huan)式(shi)灌(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)漿(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)能(neng)夠使漿(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)液(ye)(ye)保持流動狀態，所以能(neng)夠有(you)效的(de)減少(shao)顆粒(li)沉(chen)淀，提高(gao)灌(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)漿(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)質量，因此被人們廣泛應(ying)用。各類灌(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)漿(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)施工(gong)技(ji)術(shu)都要(yao)按照規定(ding)的(de)順(shun)序(xu)進(jin)行，大(da)致(zhi)可以分(fen)(fen)為(wei)(wei)(wei)一(yi)(yi)序(xu)孔(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)、二序(xu)孔(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)、三序(xu)孔(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)等(deng)，隨著序(xu)數增加(jia)，灌(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)漿(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)孔(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)逐漸加(jia)密。按照灌(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)漿(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)順(shun)序(xu)，有(you)一(yi)(yi)次(ci)灌(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)漿(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)法和分(fen)(fen)段灌(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)漿(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)法。一(yi)(yi)次(ci)灌(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)漿(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)法即將有(you)壓(ya)漿(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)液(ye)(ye)一(yi)(yi)次(ci)性灌(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)入(ru)到全(quan)孔(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)中，適合(he)淺孔(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)灌(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)漿(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)。自上而(er)下(xia)分(fen)(fen)段灌(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)漿(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)法，是(shi)(shi)將全(quan)孔(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)分(fen)(fen)為(wei)(wei)(wei)若干段，將漿(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)液(ye)(ye)灌(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)入(ru)其中一(yi)(yi)段，并(bing)且(qie)使其與相鄰(lin)段隔離，適合(he)巖(yan)(yan)(yan)層(ceng)較破碎深孔(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)灌(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)漿(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)；自下(xia)而(er)上分(fen)(fen)段灌(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)漿(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)法是(shi)(shi)將灌(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)漿(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)孔(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)一(yi)(yi)次(ci)成孔(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)，然后從最(zui)下(xia)一(yi)(yi)段開始(shi)分(fen)(fen)段灌(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)漿(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)，它適合(he)裂隙細(xi)小(xiao)、巖(yan)(yan)(yan)石較完整(zheng)的(de)灌(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)漿(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)孔(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)。這兩種(zhong)(zhong)灌(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)漿(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)法可以獲得(de)較好的(de)灌(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)漿(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)質量，減少(shao)施工(gong)事故，但(dan)是(shi)(shi)缺(que)點(dian)在(zai)于灌(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)漿(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)時間較長。

1.5封孔在灌(guan)漿(jiang)結束后(hou)，應該使(shi)用壓(ya)力灌(guan)漿(jiang)封孔法(fa)進行逐一封孔。

2灌漿施工(gong)應(ying)注意(yi)的(de)事項

2.1控制(zhi)好(hao)漿(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)液(ye)(ye)濃(nong)度(du)(du)漿(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)液(ye)(ye)是灌(guan)(guan)(guan)漿(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)施工(gong)(gong)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)原(yuan)料，其濃(nong)度(du)(du)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)差異直接關系(xi)到(dao)(dao)灌(guan)(guan)(guan)漿(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)質(zhi)量，所以(yi)應(ying)該在灌(guan)(guan)(guan)漿(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)過(guo)(guo)程(cheng)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)控制(zhi)好(hao)漿(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)液(ye)(ye)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)濃(nong)度(du)(du)，及時(shi)觀察裂縫吸收漿(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)液(ye)(ye)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)速度(du)(du)，并根據(ju)吸漿(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)情況計算出裂縫的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)飽和(he)度(du)(du)，注意的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)是如果(guo)不(bu)能(neng)(neng)夠保證施工(gong)(gong)過(guo)(guo)程(cheng)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)漿(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)液(ye)(ye)濃(nong)度(du)(du)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)一(yi)致(zhi)(zhi)，就會(hui)導致(zhi)(zhi)灌(guan)(guan)(guan)漿(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)范圍不(bu)集中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，在收縮(suo)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)時(shi)候導致(zhi)(zhi)防滲性和(he)固結能(neng)(neng)力降(jiang)低，濃(nong)度(du)(du)太高的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)話就會(hui)導致(zhi)(zhi)漿(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)液(ye)(ye)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)流(liu)動性很差，無(wu)法(fa)進入水利工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)細(xi)小裂縫中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，不(bu)過(guo)(guo)固結能(neng)(neng)力比較好(hao)，能(neng)(neng)夠起到(dao)(dao)很好(hao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)防滲作用(yong)。正確(que)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)灌(guan)(guan)(guan)漿(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)方式應(ying)該是使得(de)漿(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)液(ye)(ye)從稀到(dao)(dao)稠(chou)，準確(que)把握漿(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)液(ye)(ye)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)濃(nong)度(du)(du)變(bian)化。

2.2妥(tuo)善應對突(tu)發事(shi)故(gu)(gu)我們(men)不能(neng)保證整個灌(guan)漿(jiang)(jiang)施(shi)(shi)工(gong)工(gong)程都能(neng)順利進(jin)行(xing)(xing)，也(ye)就是(shi)(shi)說可(ke)(ke)(ke)能(neng)會出(chu)現一些突(tu)發事(shi)故(gu)(gu)導致施(shi)(shi)工(gong)中(zhong)斷(duan)，正因為事(shi)故(gu)(gu)是(shi)(shi)突(tu)發性的(de)(de)、不可(ke)(ke)(ke)預(yu)料的(de)(de)，所(suo)以(yi)(yi)我們(men)應該(gai)(gai)做好(hao)應對措施(shi)(shi)。在灌(guan)漿(jiang)(jiang)施(shi)(shi)工(gong)過程中(zhong)經常出(chu)現的(de)(de)事(shi)故(gu)(gu)是(shi)(shi)灌(guan)漿(jiang)(jiang)中(zhong)斷(duan)、串(chuan)漿(jiang)(jiang)、冒漿(jiang)(jiang)等(deng)(deng)。當出(chu)現灌(guan)漿(jiang)(jiang)中(zhong)斷(duan)事(shi)故(gu)(gu)時，應該(gai)(gai)查(cha)明原因，盡可(ke)(ke)(ke)能(neng)快(kuai)的(de)(de)恢(hui)復灌(guan)漿(jiang)(jiang)，在恢(hui)復的(de)(de)時候應該(gai)(gai)使用和灌(guan)漿(jiang)(jiang)開始時所(suo)使用的(de)(de)漿(jiang)(jiang)液相近。當灌(guan)漿(jiang)(jiang)出(chu)現冒漿(jiang)(jiang)的(de)(de)時候，應該(gai)(gai)及時采用表(biao)面封堵(du)、限流(liu)等(deng)(deng)方法(fa)處(chu)理。如(ru)(ru)果(guo)(guo)出(chu)現串(chuan)漿(jiang)(jiang)事(shi)故(gu)(gu)，應該(gai)(gai)查(cha)看(kan)串(chuan)孔如(ru)(ru)果(guo)(guo)具備(bei)(bei)灌(guan)漿(jiang)(jiang)的(de)(de)條(tiao)件(jian)，可(ke)(ke)(ke)以(yi)(yi)進(jin)行(xing)(xing)同時灌(guan)注，如(ru)(ru)果(guo)(guo)不具備(bei)(bei)灌(guan)漿(jiang)(jiang)的(de)(de)條(tiao)件(jian)可(ke)(ke)(ke)以(yi)(yi)把串(chuan)孔堵(du)住，一直到灌(guan)漿(jiang)(jiang)結(jie)束(shu)。

2.3控(kong)(kong)制好(hao)(hao)灌(guan)漿(jiang)(jiang)壓(ya)(ya)力(li)灌(guan)漿(jiang)(jiang)壓(ya)(ya)力(li)的(de)控(kong)(kong)制直接關(guan)系到(dao)整(zheng)個灌(guan)漿(jiang)(jiang)技術的(de)使用，如果灌(guan)漿(jiang)(jiang)壓(ya)(ya)力(li)不能(neng)得(de)到(dao)很好(hao)(hao)的(de)控(kong)(kong)制，就會導致地(di)面或者(zhe)整(zheng)個巖(yan)石面出現抬起，導致突發事故的(de)發生，進而影(ying)響到(dao)整(zheng)個灌(guan)漿(jiang)(jiang)施工的(de)質量(liang)，影(ying)響到(dao)后(hou)續工程的(de)開展。所以，我(wo)們應該控(kong)(kong)制好(hao)(hao)灌(guan)漿(jiang)(jiang)壓(ya)(ya)力(li)，根(gen)據實際情(qing)況進行調整(zheng)。

3結束語

篇9

關鍵(jian)詞:有粘結(jie)預應(ying)力;無(wu)粘結(jie)預應(ying)力;混凝土澆筑;張(zhang)拉(la);施工技術(shu)

中圖分類號(hao):TU756.4+3

文獻標識碼:B

文章編號:1008-0422(2009)12-0122-03

1工程概況

中國杭州黃龍(long)飯(fan)(fan)店(dian)改(gai)擴建(jian)(jian)項(xiang)目(新(xin)建(jian)(jian)工(gong)程)位于(yu)杭州市曙(shu)光(guang)路120號,黃龍(long)飯(fan)(fan)店(dian)現用地范圍(wei)內。本工(gong)程由黃龍(long)飯(fan)(fan)店(dian)投資建(jian)(jian)設(she),該工(gong)程在7、8號樓的一層部分(fen)框架(jia)梁和(he)8號樓三、四層梁采(cai)用了(le)有(you)粘結(jie)后(hou)(hou)張(zhang)預應(ying)力(li)結(jie)構(gou);-2.800m標高起外墻板采(cai)用無粘結(jie)后(hou)(hou)張(zhang)預應(ying)力(li)結(jie)構(gou)。具體配(pei)筋(jin)詳見施(shi)工(gong)圖(tu)和(he)技術深化(hua)圖(tu);按(an)圖(tu)紙(zhi)所示,本工(gong)程有(you)粘結(jie)預應(ying)力(li)筋(jin)采(cai)用фs15.24;無粘結(jie)預應(ying)力(li)筋(jin)采(cai)用Uфs15.24。鋼(gang)絞線的抗(kang)拉強(qiang)度(du)標準值均為fptk=1860MPa。

2 有粘(zhan)結(jie)預應力鋼絞線施工(gong)方案

2.1材料采購

本工程有粘結預(yu)(yu)應(ying)力鋼絞(jiao)(jiao)線(xian)材料為(wei)(wei)高強低(di)松弛預(yu)(yu)應(ying)力鋼絞(jiao)(jiao)線(xian),規(gui)格為(wei)(wei)фs15.24,強度等級為(wei)(wei)fptk=1860MPa;預(yu)(yu)應(ying)力筋張拉端及(ji)錨固端根據設計需要采用(yong):符合(he)設計需要的錨固體(ti)系。

高(gao)強低松弛預應力(li)鋼絞(jiao)線(xian)采購必須符合國家標(biao)準規(gui)范《GB/T5224―2003》,并應附(fu)有出廠合格證及檢(jian)驗(yan)(yan)報告(gao),施工之前必須進行取樣復試,檢(jian)驗(yan)(yan)其(qi)強度、延伸(shen)試驗(yan)(yan),其(qi)性能全部(bu)符合要求后,才能用于工程中,鋼絞(jiao)線(xian)試驗(yan)(yan)的取樣數量按規(gui)定取樣。

預應(ying)力(li)(li)錨(mao)具(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)采購:本(ben)工(gong)程預應(ying)力(li)(li)梁的(de)張(zhang)拉端均采用(yong)夾片式錨(mao)具(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju);固定(ding)端采用(yong)擠壓錨(mao)具(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)。錨(mao)具(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)的(de)質(zhi)量(liang)應(ying)符合(he)(he)《預應(ying)力(li)(li)用(yong)錨(mao)具(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)、夾具(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)和連(lian)接器》(GB/T14370―93)的(de)規定(ding)。因為本(ben)工(gong)程為后(hou)張(zhang)法(fa)預應(ying)力(li)(li)結(jie)(jie)構,預應(ying)力(li)(li)筋的(de)錨(mao)具(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)、夾具(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)在進(jin)場后(hou)必(bi)須進(jin)行(xing)驗收(包括擠壓錨(mao)具(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)擠壓成型后(hou)的(de)檢驗)。驗收結(jie)(jie)果執(zhi)行(xing):性能(neng)必(bi)須符合(he)(he)I類錨(mao)具(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)的(de)效率系數ηa≥0.97、εapu≥2%的(de)要求,并具(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)有良好的(de)自(zi)錨(mao)性能(neng);不合(he)(he)格嚴禁使(shi)用(yong)。錨(mao)墊(dian)板和螺旋筋由選定(ding)的(de)供貨商定(ding)型生產(chan)。鍍鋅鋼(gang)管(guan)和鐵皮出(chu)氣管(guan)則由市場供貨商中(zhong)優選質(zhi)量(liang)保證的(de)廠(chang)家產(chan)品。

其中式中:

ηa ――――預應力筋錨具組裝件靜載試驗測(ce)的錨具效率系數

εapu――――預應力(li)筋錨具(ju)組裝(zhuang)件達到實(shi)測(ce)限拉力(li)時(shi)的總(zong)應變

2.2施工流程

2.2.1鋼絞束(shu)成品制作、加工

鋼(gang)絞線(xian)及錨具試驗合格后,進行(xing)鋼(gang)絞束(shu)成(cheng)品(pin)的(de)(de)制作、加工(gong);鋼(gang)絞束(shu)的(de)(de)下料長度(du),根(gen)(gen)據設計圖的(de)(de)理論計算長度(du),加千斤(jin)頂的(de)(de)工(gong)作長度(du)來確定。鋼(gang)絞線(xian)下料采用(yong)(yong)砂輪(lun)切(qie)割(ge)逐根(gen)(gen)切(qie)割(ge),以(yi)(yi)保(bao)持切(qie)口(kou)平正(zheng),嚴禁(jin)用(yong)(yong)電(dian)焊或火煽切(qie)割(ge)。鋼(gang)絞束(shu)成(cheng)型時,鋼(gang)絞線(xian)不(bu)得(de)互相穿叉,糾繞扭結等(deng)現象(xiang),應順直。并每隔2000mm用(yong)(yong)鐵(tie)絲綁(bang)扎(zha)編束(shu)。鋼(gang)絞束(shu)成(cheng)品(pin)加工(gong)在施工(gong)現場中進行(xing),加工(gong)完后要(yao)嚴格保(bao)護(hu),以(yi)(yi)防銹蝕。

2.2.2根據土建單位的施(shi)工流(liu)程及(ji)施(shi)工工藝特點,合理安排預應力班組進場作業和布(bu)束。

2.2.3孔道成型、固(gu)定端(duan)處理

在(zai)木工(gong)(gong)支好框架(jia)(jia)梁底(di)模,綁扎鋼(gang)筋的(de)同時,進行孔(kong)(kong)道成型(xing)施工(gong)(gong)。根據提供的(de)設(she)計圖(tu)紙計算并(bing)繪制出鋼(gang)絞(jiao)線(xian)位置(zhi)的(de)曲(qu)線(xian)坐標,安(an)裝(zhuang)波(bo)紋(wen)管(guan),波(bo)紋(wen)管(guan)定(ding)位固(gu)(gu)定(ding)采用(yong)(yong)(yong)井(jing)字架(jia)(jia)每@800一道,井(jing)字架(jia)(jia)用(yong)(yong)(yong)電焊(han)固(gu)(gu)定(ding)在(zai)鋼(gang)筋骨架(jia)(jia)上,固(gu)(gu)定(ding)其左右、上下(xia)的(de)位置(zhi)。波(bo)紋(wen)管(guan)接(jie)管(guan)中的(de)距離相等,即為150mm,交接(jie)處(chu)(chu)應(ying)用(yong)(yong)(yong)塑(su)料膠(jiao)(jiao)帶(dai)密綁三層,將接(jie)頭(tou)處(chu)(chu)密封。波(bo)紋(wen)管(guan)應(ying)伸入(ru)兩(liang)端(duan)的(de)擴孔(kong)(kong)管(guan),波(bo)紋(wen)管(guan)與擴孔(kong)(kong)管(guan)的(de)交接(jie)處(chu)(chu)用(yong)(yong)(yong)塑(su)料膠(jiao)(jiao)帶(dai)三層,將接(jie)頭(tou)處(chu)(chu)密封,防止漿(jiang)水漏入(ru)擴孔(kong)(kong)管(guan)內,引(yin)起擴孔(kong)(kong)不夠。因(yin)使用(yong)(yong)(yong)的(de)配套錨(mao)具自帶(dai)了灌(guan)漿(jiang)孔(kong)(kong)、泌水孔(kong)(kong),故(gu)在(zai)曲(qu)線(xian)孔(kong)(kong)道的(de)布置(zhi)時不需要另設(she)。

2.2.4張(zhang)拉端(duan)施工要點(dian)

波紋(wen)管孔道成型固定后,進行(xing)穿(chuan)束(shu)。穿(chuan)束(shu)完成后,逐根檢查波紋(wen)管,有(you)沒有(you)小(xiao)洞、脫開現象,如(ru)有(you)應(ying)及時修正,防止漏(lou)漿,對露出承壓板外(wai)部的鋼絞線應(ying)做好保護,防止銹蝕。

a) 端部承壓板應固定(ding)牢(lao)固,與模板貼緊,并與孔道中(zhong)心線垂直。

b) 張拉端(或固定端)預埋錨板(ban)孔的中心應(ying)(ying)與預應(ying)(ying)力筋中心線(xian)同心,端面(mian)與孔道中心線(xian)垂直。

c) 孔(kong)道尺寸(cun)和位置正(zheng)確、平(ping)順,符合設(she)計要求。

d) 接頭要到位(wei),封口嚴密(mi)不漏漿。

e) 預(yu)應(ying)力鋼(gang)絞(jiao)束垂直方向偏(pian)差(cha)控制在±10mm,水(shui)平方向為30mm。

2.2.5混(hun)凝土澆(jiao)搗

混凝土(tu)澆(jiao)搗時,值班人員應跟蹤檢查,澆(jiao)搗時,應注意插(cha)入式振(zhen)(zhen)動棒(bang)不得碰到(dao)波(bo)(bo)紋(wen)管(guan),防止振(zhen)(zhen)破波(bo)(bo)紋(wen)管(guan)引起漏(lou)漿。張(zhang)拉端端部混凝土(tu)應澆(jiao)搗密實,若(ruo)鋼筋(jin)間(jian)距小無法振(zhen)(zhen)搗時,應用鋼釬搗實,并(bing)檢查端部的位(wei)置預(yu)留(liu)是(shi)否正確。

2.2.6張拉

預應(ying)力筋(jin)的(de)張(zhang)拉(la)必(bi)須在混凝(ning)土(tu)的(de)實際強(qiang)度達到設計要求的(de)預應(ying)力張(zhang)拉(la)強(qiang)度時,方可進(jin)(jin)行(xing)張(zhang)拉(la)。進(jin)(jin)行(xing)預應(ying)力張(zhang)拉(la)施(shi)工(gong)之前應(ying)計算并交底張(zhang)拉(la)技術數據,做到操作人員心中有(you)數。

a) 張拉控制(zhi)應力:σcon=0.7fptk=1302MPa

b) 超張拉控(kong)制應力:σcon1.03=1341.06MPa

單根張拉控制力:Ncon=182.28KN

單根超張拉控(kong)制力:Ncon1.03=187.75KN

c) 伸長值計算:

按《混(hun)凝土結構工程(cheng)施工質(zhi)量驗收規范》(GB50204―2002)的要求,鋼絞線伸長(chang)值計算式如下

∆ L=

P:預應力筋的張拉(la)力(KN) P=182.28KN

Ay:預應力筋(jin)的截面(mian)面(mian)積(mm2)

Ay=140mm2

L:預應力筋的長度(du)(mm) L=實(shi)際長度(du)

Eg:預應力筋的彈(dan)性模(mo)量(KN/mm2)(理論)

Eg=1.95χ105

K:孔道每m局部偏差對摩擦(ca)的(de)影響(xiang)系數

K=0.0015

μ:預(yu)應力筋(jin)與(yu)孔道壁的摩擦系數(shu) μ=0.25

θ:張拉(la)段至(zhi)計算截面曲線孔道部分切線的(de)夾(jia)角

伸(shen)長值控制范圍(wei):0.94ΔL計≤ΔL實≤1.06ΔL計

(說明(ming):以下的σcon 和Ncon是指超(chao)張拉控制(zhi)應(ying)力和單(dan)根超(chao)張拉控制(zhi)力即:σcon1.03 和N con1.03)

實際(ji)(ji)伸(shen)(shen)長(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)值(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)的測(ce)定(ding):在(zai)張(zhang)拉應(ying)力(li)達到10%Ncon時(shi),開始量(liang)伸(shen)(shen)長(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)值(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)的始點,施加預(yu)應(ying)力(li)到100%σcon時(shi),測(ce)得10%σcon-100%σcon之間(jian)的實測(ce)伸(shen)(shen)長(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)值(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。實際(ji)(ji)伸(shen)(shen)長(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)值(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)為10%σcon下的理論推算與10%σcon-100%σcon之間(jian)的實測(ce)伸(shen)(shen)長(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)值(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。如發現實際(ji)(ji)伸(shen)(shen)長(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)值(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)超過(guo)控制(zhi)范圍時(shi),應(ying)暫(zan)停張(zhang)拉,查明(ming)原因后,預(yu)以調準后方可張(zhang)拉。

d) 張拉程序:

e) 油(you)表讀(du)數:千(qian)斤頂在(zai)進場張(zhang)拉(la)前,檢(jian)查(cha)設備(bei)是否超過檢(jian)驗(yan)標定時間,如果超過規定的時間就需(xu)到(dao)專業檢(jian)測(ce)中心檢(jian)測(ce)標定。各級(ji)荷(he)載下(xia)的油(you)表讀(du)數根據標定校驗(yan)表用(yong)插入(ru)法計(ji)算。

在張拉(la)過程中,對預應力端(duan)部做(zuo)清(qing)理工作,再裝好錨具夾片等工作,而后做(zuo)到勻(yun)速均勻(yun)地施加荷(he)載,記錄好張拉(la)原始數據。

2.2.7灌漿

預應(ying)力筋張拉完畢后(hou),進(jin)行(xing)(xing)檢驗,在檢驗合格(ge)后(hou),進(jin)行(xing)(xing)灌(guan)漿(jiang)施(shi)工。孔(kong)(kong)道宜(yi)在48小時內(nei)進(jin)行(xing)(xing)灌(guan)漿(jiang),灌(guan)漿(jiang)采(cai)用(yong)壓力灌(guan)漿(jiang),灌(guan)漿(jiang)壓力為0.5~0.6MPa,水(shui)(shui)泥(ni)砂(sha)漿(jiang)強度等級不(bu)應(ying)低于M30,水(shui)(shui)灰(hui)比控制在0.4~0.5,滲入(ru)(ru)15%UEA―H高效混凝土微膨脹劑,水(shui)(shui)泥(ni)漿(jiang)采(cai)用(yong)42.5普通(tong)硅酸鹽水(shui)(shui)泥(ni)配制,水(shui)(shui)泥(ni)漿(jiang)稠度必須(xu)符合規(gui)定(ding)。灌(guan)漿(jiang)時由低點的灌(guan)漿(jiang)孔(kong)(kong)壓入(ru)(ru)由高點的排氣孔(kong)(kong)排出(chu),壓漿(jiang)應(ying)緩(huan)慢均勻地進(jin)行(xing)(xing),不(bu)得中斷。確保孔(kong)(kong)道內(nei)水(shui)(shui)泥(ni)漿(jiang)飽滿、密實。

2.2.8封錨

張拉(la)灌漿(jiang)完畢后,進行封(feng)(feng)(feng)錨(mao)(mao)(mao),封(feng)(feng)(feng)錨(mao)(mao)(mao)前,切(qie)除剩余部分(fen)的鋼絞線,但(dan)露(lu)出(chu)錨(mao)(mao)(mao)具端(duan)部的長度不(bu)應(ying)小于30mm。預應(ying)力工藝完成后,清(qing)除端(duan)面雜物,浮漿(jiang),端(duan)部錨(mao)(mao)(mao)具用C45細石混凝(ning)土(tu)包裹密封(feng)(feng)(feng)。

3無粘結預應力鋼絞線施(shi)工(gong)方案(an)

3.1預應力施工

針對本工程的具體要求,編制預應力(li)專項施工組織設計,并分別對鋼筋、混(hun)凝土及模板等各工種進行技(ji)術交底并提出要求,保證預應力(li)與(yu)非(fei)預應力(li)之間相互(hu)密切配合。

3.2技術準備

結合設計技(ji)術交底,根據設計意(yi)圖(tu)(tu)(tu),對預應力(li)施工圖(tu)(tu)(tu)進行(xing)全(quan)面的深化,繪(hui)制(zhi)預應力(li)筋鋪放圖(tu)(tu)(tu)、張拉端節(jie)點詳圖(tu)(tu)(tu),制(zhi)作(zuo)施工技(ji)術參數表。

3.3材料和設備(bei)準(zhun)備(bei)

無粘結鋼絞線在(zai)專用(yong)場(chang)地(di)內根據鋪放圖(tu)和技術參數(shu)表用(yong)砂輪切(qie)割機(ji)進(jin)(jin)(jin)行斷料、分類、編號(hao),并同時進(jin)(jin)(jin)行固定(ding)端(duan)擠壓(ya)錨的加工(gong)(gong),制作(zuo)完成后按(an)進(jin)(jin)(jin)度分批運至工(gong)(gong)地(di)現場(chang)。按(an)設(she)計要求(qiu),備好錨具、錨墊板、螺旋筋及張拉設(she)備、工(gong)(gong)具,對(dui)張拉設(she)備進(jin)(jin)(jin)行檢查、標定(ding)。

3.4預(yu)應力施工(gong)工(gong)藝流程

綁(bang)(bang)扎墻板(梁)鋼(gang)筋(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)---安(an)(an)裝(zhuang)定位鋼(gang)筋(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)---鋪設預(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)應力筋(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)---安(an)(an)裝(zhuang)錨墊板、螺(luo)旋筋(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)---預(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)應力筋(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)綁(bang)(bang)扎、固定---預(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)應力筋(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)矢(shi)高(gao)、數(shu)量檢(jian)查---綁(bang)(bang)扎墻板頂(ding)鋼(gang)筋(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)---隱蔽工程驗收---封閉模板---澆(jiao)筑混(hun)凝土---養護(hu)、張(zhang)拉(la)端(duan)拆模、清理---試壓混(hun)凝土試塊(kuai)、安(an)(an)裝(zhuang)錨具(ju)---預(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)應力筋(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)張(zhang)拉(la)---張(zhang)拉(la)端(duan)預(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)應力筋(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)切割---封錨---拆除模板

3.5無粘(zhan)結預應力筋的(de)下(xia)料、切割、擠壓

首先,根據(ju)(ju)圖(tu)紙計算、按編號編寫(xie)各段墻(qiang)板(ban)上的預(yu)應力筋(jin)(jin)的無粘結(jie)(jie)預(yu)應力筋(jin)(jin)的數量、長(chang)度(du)、錨具情況,編寫(xie)下(xia)料(liao)單,通過審核后,才能進行下(xia)料(liao)、切割、擠(ji)壓。無粘結(jie)(jie)預(yu)應力筋(jin)(jin)的長(chang)度(du)根據(ju)(ju)標高計算實際長(chang)度(du)、千(qian)斤頂的工作長(chang)度(du)等(deng)確定下(xia)料(liao)長(chang)度(du)。

無(wu)粘結(jie)(jie)預應力筋的下(xia)料(liao)、切割、擠(ji)(ji)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)在施(shi)工場地上(shang)進(jin)(jin)行(xing),無(wu)粘結(jie)(jie)預應力筋下(xia)料(liao)采(cai)用(yong)砂(sha)輪切割機(ji),下(xia)料(liao)后(hou)穿過-12×80×80的承壓(ya)(ya)(ya)板進(jin)(jin)行(xing)15-1P擠(ji)(ji)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)錨具(ju)擠(ji)(ji)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(不能采(cai)用(yong)兩端張(zhang)拉的部位采(cai)用(yong)單(dan)端張(zhang)拉)。擠(ji)(ji)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)彈簧在擠(ji)(ji)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)套內及鋼絞線上(shang)分布要(yao)求均勻。擠(ji)(ji)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)時(shi),鋼絞線與擠(ji)(ji)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)板要(yao)求垂直,擠(ji)(ji)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)時(shi)油泵進(jin)(jin)油要(yao)求均勻。

無粘結(jie)預(yu)應力筋下料后按編號掛牌注明(ming)長度、數量、所用的(de)各段(duan)墻(qiang)板部位。

3.6無粘結預應力筋的鋪(pu)設(she)、安裝、定(ding)位(wei)固定(ding)

施工(gong)(gong)綁(bang)扎(zha)(zha)無(wu)(wu)粘(zhan)結(jie)(jie)(jie)預(yu)應(ying)(ying)力筋(jin)與綁(bang)扎(zha)(zha)頂板(ban)鋼(gang)(gang)筋(jin)同(tong)步進(jin)行(xing),安裝(zhuang)(zhuang)無(wu)(wu)粘(zhan)結(jie)(jie)(jie)預(yu)應(ying)(ying)力鋼(gang)(gang)絞線(xian)。根(gen)據(ju)無(wu)(wu)粘(zhan)結(jie)(jie)(jie)預(yu)應(ying)(ying)力筋(jin)的(de)具置、標高進(jin)行(xing)安裝(zhuang)(zhuang),安裝(zhuang)(zhuang)時(shi)要求(qiu)順直(zhi),并用(yong)(yong)鋼(gang)(gang)筋(jin)@1500mm一(yi)道(dao)進(jin)行(xing)定位(wei)固定。預(yu)應(ying)(ying)力鋼(gang)(gang)筋(jin)位(wei)置,縱坐標垂(chui)直(zhi)偏差(cha)控(kong)制(zhi)在±10mm。橫向偏差(cha)控(kong)制(zhi)在30mm。檢查無(wu)(wu)粘(zhan)結(jie)(jie)(jie)鋼(gang)(gang)絞線(xian)的(de)外(wai)包皮(pi),施工(gong)(gong)時(shi)要小(xiao)心,防止外(wai)包皮(pi)破(po)損(sun)。對輕微破(po)損(sun)的(de)可用(yong)(yong)膠帶紙密封,對嚴重破(po)損(sun)的(de)應(ying)(ying)更換(huan)。

無粘結預應(ying)力(li)筋(jin)鋪設、定(ding)位固定(ding)完(wan)畢(bi)后,用20#扎(zha)絲與鋼筋(jin)綁扎(zha)牢固,防止混(hun)凝(ning)土澆搗時(shi)左(zuo)右、上下滑(hua)動(dong),使得位置、標高、曲線不準確。

3.7預應力(li)筋鋪放及(ji)端部錨墊板(ban)安裝

墻板(ban)(ban)內預應(ying)(ying)力(li)筋的鋪放(fang),根據施(shi)(shi)工(gong)進(jin)(jin)度按順序依次(ci)進(jin)(jin)行(xing),不可亂層鋪放(fang),鋼絞線長度按具體施(shi)(shi)工(gong)要求施(shi)(shi)工(gong)。保證張拉后有(you)效應(ying)(ying)力(li)達到設計要求。施(shi)(shi)工(gong)時應(ying)(ying)對預應(ying)(ying)力(li)筋在底模(mo)和側模(mo)上(shang)進(jin)(jin)行(xing)放(fang)線標注,按順序插入(ru)預應(ying)(ying)力(li)筋,穿入(ru)錨墊(dian)板(ban)(ban)、螺(luo)旋筋進(jin)(jin)行(xing)鋪放(fang),并加(jia)以固定。鋪放(fang)后逐根對聚(ju)乙烯護套進(jin)(jin)行(xing)外觀(guan)檢查(cha),小的破損處用防水膠帶進(jin)(jin)行(xing)纏繞修補。

3.8張拉(la)端、固定端的安裝,局部承壓處理(li)、檢查(cha)

無粘結(jie)預應(ying)力筋(jin)(jin)的(de)張拉(la)(la)端的(de)安(an)(an)裝(zhuang)要(yao)按(an)設計詳圖進行,安(an)(an)裝(zhuang)時,張拉(la)(la)端錨(mao)板(ban)(ban)要(yao)與鋼(gang)(gang)(gang)絞(jiao)線(xian)(xian)的(de)中心(xin)線(xian)(xian)垂(chui)直(zhi),曲線(xian)(xian)筋(jin)(jin)安(an)(an)裝(zhuang)張拉(la)(la)端錨(mao)板(ban)(ban)要(yao)與曲線(xian)(xian)束未端的(de)切線(xian)(xian)垂(chui)直(zhi)。螺旋筋(jin)(jin)要(yao)與承壓(ya)鋼(gang)(gang)(gang)板(ban)(ban)貼(tie)緊(jin)并用(yong)電焊(han)焊(han)牢。如張拉(la)(la)端采(cai)用(yong)塑料穴模的(de),當(dang)其埋設時,應(ying)垂(chui)直(zhi)于鋼(gang)(gang)(gang)絞(jiao)線(xian)(xian)的(de)中心(xin)線(xian)(xian),并且緊(jin)貼(tie)承壓(ya)板(ban)(ban),即各部(bu)件之間(jian)不應(ying)有縫(feng)隙。固(gu)定(ding)(ding)端安(an)(an)裝(zhuang)要(yao)到位,固(gu)定(ding)(ding)端以30cm內應(ying)持垂(chui)直(zhi)。擠壓(ya)套與承壓(ya)鋼(gang)(gang)(gang)板(ban)(ban)應(ying)貼(tie)緊(jin)密實,防(fang)止擠壓(ya)套與鋼(gang)(gang)(gang)板(ban)(ban)之間(jian)有間(jian)隙,導致張拉(la)(la)松動及計算(suan)伸(shen)長值不準確(que)。

在張拉端部應增(zeng)設附加鋼筋或(huo)安(an)裝(zhuang)網片,以(yi)防止(zhi)預應力集中對周邊產(chan)生拉應力,造成混(hun)凝土開裂。

無(wu)粘結預(yu)應力筋鋪設、安(an)裝(zhuang)完(wan)畢后再檢查(cha),檢查(cha)鋼絞(jiao)線的外(wai)包皮、端部等,檢查(cha)合格后,澆(jiao)搗砼(tong)。

3.9澆搗混凝土

在預(yu)(yu)應(ying)力(li)筋(jin)鋪放(fang)、非預(yu)(yu)應(ying)力(li)鋼筋(jin)綁扎全部完成后,經隱蔽(bi)工程驗收(shou)合(he)格即進(jin)行澆搗(dao)(dao)混凝土,并留置3組專用同條件養護試塊。在澆搗(dao)(dao)過程中(zhong)應(ying)派(pai)專人值(zhi)班檢查監督,以(yi)防(fang)施工人員(yuan)踏壓或碰撞預(yu)(yu)應(ying)力(li)筋(jin)、定(ding)位(wei)支(zhi)架(jia)及預(yu)(yu)埋(mai)件,在端部鋼筋(jin)密集(ji)處(chu)或螺旋筋(jin)處(chu)振搗(dao)(dao)棒(bang)不得觸碰無粘結預(yu)(yu)應(ying)力(li)筋(jin)及錨具,由于(yu)張拉端、固(gu)定(ding)端處(chu)鋼筋(jin)比較集(ji)中(zhong),所以(yi)在混凝土澆搗(dao)(dao)過程中(zhong)應(ying)注意振搗(dao)(dao)密實,防(fang)止出(chu)現空洞(dong)。

3.10預應力張拉

混(hun)(hun)凝土(tu)澆筑后,并(bing)達(da)到一(yi)定的混(hun)(hun)凝土(tu)強(qiang)(qiang)度,拆除外側(ce)模,清除承壓板面混(hun)(hun)凝土(tu)或(huo)灰漿,檢查兩端混(hun)(hun)凝土(tu)的密實情況,試(shi)壓同條件(jian)(jian)養護試(shi)塊,本工程(cheng)要求混(hun)(hun)凝土(tu)強(qiang)(qiang)度達(da)到設計(ji)值的100%以上方可張拉(la),當對同條件(jian)(jian)養護試(shi)塊有(you)懷疑時(shi)再附加回彈法測(ce)定混(hun)(hun)凝土(tu)抗壓強(qiang)(qiang)度。在混(hun)(hun)凝土(tu)強(qiang)(qiang)度達(da)到設計(ji)規定的張拉(la)強(qiang)(qiang)度后,進行(xing)預應力(li)張拉(la)。

3.11張拉程序

3.11.1張拉(la)操作臺的(de)搭(da)設

在預應(ying)力筋張(zhang)拉端處,應(ying)搭設可靠的操(cao)(cao)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)平臺(tai),操(cao)(cao)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)平臺(tai)應(ying)能承受操(cao)(cao)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)人員與(yu)張(zhang)拉設備的重量,并裝有防護(hu)欄(lan)桿,為了減輕操(cao)(cao)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)平臺(tai)的負荷,無關(guan)人員不得停留在操(cao)(cao)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)臺(tai)上。

3.11.2安裝錨具

張拉前,對露出張拉端承壓板外的鋼(gang)絞(jiao)線(xian)(xian)應先剝去(qu)聚乙(yi)烯塑料套,將夾(jia)片錨的錨環穿入鋼(gang)絞(jiao)線(xian)(xian),按(an)鋼(gang)絞(jiao)線(xian)(xian)自然(ran)狀(zhuang)態插(cha)入夾(jia)片,錨具、夾(jia)片要均勻(yun)打緊,外露一致。

3.11.3張拉(la)設備

無粘(zhan)結預應力(li)筋張拉機具(ju)及儀表(biao)由專人使(shi)用和管理,并定(ding)期維(wei)護和校(xiao)(xiao)驗(yan)。張拉設(she)備(bei)應配套校(xiao)(xiao)驗(yan),壓(ya)力(li)表(biao)的(de)精度不(bu)宜低于(yu)1.5級,張拉設(she)備(bei)的(de)校(xiao)(xiao)驗(yan)期限不(bu)宜超過6個月,當張拉設(she)備(bei)出現反常現象(xiang)或千斤(jin)頂檢修后(hou),應重新校(xiao)(xiao)驗(yan)。在使(shi)用前,須(xu)有千斤(jin)頂、油壓(ya)表(biao)的(de)配套標(biao)定(ding)書(shu)(shu),并根據標(biao)定(ding)書(shu)(shu)計(ji)算張拉力(li)與油壓(ya)表(biao)讀數的(de)對(dui)應關(guan)系,以此確定(ding)設(she)計(ji)張拉力(li)的(de)壓(ya)力(li)表(biao)讀數。

3.11.4張(zhang)拉控制應力

預應力(li)張拉(la)之前(qian),計算并(bing)交(jiao)底張拉(la)技(ji)術數據(ju),做到操作人(ren)員心中有數。

張拉(la)控制應力:σcon=0.70×1860=1302N/mm2

單(dan)根鋼絞線(xian)控制張(zhang)拉力(li)為:1302×140/1000

=182.3KN

計算伸長值:L=

σ――平均應力

L―― 張拉長度

Eg ――無(wu)粘結鋼絞線彈性模量

伸長值(zhi)控制范(fan)圍:0.94ΔL計(ji)≤ΔL實≤1.06ΔL計(ji)

實(shi)際(ji)伸(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)長值(zhi)(zhi)的(de)測(ce)(ce)定:在張(zhang)拉應力達(da)到10%σcon時,開(kai)始量伸(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)長值(zhi)(zhi)的(de)基點,施加預應力到100%σcon時,測(ce)(ce)得10%σcon-100%σcon 之間的(de)實(shi)測(ce)(ce)伸(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)長值(zhi)(zhi)。實(shi)際(ji)伸(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)長值(zhi)(zhi)為(wei):10%σcon下(xia)的(de)理(li)論推算和10%σcon-100%σcon之間的(de)實(shi)測(ce)(ce)伸(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)長值(zhi)(zhi)的(de)之和。如發現實(shi)際(ji)伸(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)長值(zhi)(zhi)大(da)于理(li)論伸(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)長值(zhi)(zhi)6%或小于6%時,應暫停(ting)張(zhang)拉,查明原因后,予以調整方可張(zhang)拉。張(zhang)拉結束后應檢查端(duan)部和其他部位是(shi)否(fou)有裂縫,并(bing)填寫(xie)張(zhang)拉記錄(lu)表。

3.11.5張拉(la)程序:

以張拉力(li)控(kong)(kong)制為主(zhu),鋪(pu)以預應(ying)力(li)筋伸長量(liang)校(xiao)驗,進(jin)行(xing)雙(shuang)控(kong)(kong)張拉。

3.11.6張(zhang)拉順序:對(dui)稱同步(bu)張(zhang)拉

3.11.7油表(biao)讀數:千(qian)斤(jin)頂在進場張拉前,到專業單位(wei)進行檢(jian)驗標(biao)定,各級(ji)荷(he)載(zai)下的油表(biao)讀數根據標(biao)定校(xiao)驗表(biao)用(yong)插(cha)入法(fa)計算。

3.11.8封錨

張拉(la)完檢(jian)查合格并(bing)靜停幾個小時以(yi)后,沒(mei)有發現異樣情況,用(yong)砂輪(lun)鋸切(qie)斷外露(lu)預應力筋,使外露(lu)長度不小于30mm,涂專用(yong)防腐油脂并(bing)罩上(shang)封端(duan)塑(su)料套(tao),在1-3d內進行封錨,用(yong)相(xiang)同強度等級的(de)微膨脹劑混凝土封堵張拉(la)端(duan)后澆部分。并(bing)做(zuo)好防水(shui)處(chu)理。

4 施工要點

固(gu)定端應(ying)固(gu)定牢(lao)固(gu),不得移位;張拉(la)端部的承壓板也應(ying)固(gu)定牢(lao)固(gu),且與模板貼緊。張拉(la)端預埋錨(mao)板孔(kong)的中心(xin)應(ying)與預應(ying)力(li)筋中心(xin)線同心(xin),端面與孔(kong)道中心(xin)線垂(chui)直。孔(kong)道尺寸和位置正確(que)、平順,符合設計(ji)要求。封口嚴(yan)密不漏(lou)漿。預應(ying)力(li)鋼絞線束垂(chui)直方向(xiang)偏差控制在(zai)±10mm。

5確保工程質量的(de)技術組織措施

5.1質量(liang)保證措(cuo)施(shi)

5.1.1加強技(ji)術管(guan)理(li),認真貫徹國家(jia)規定、規范、操(cao)作規程及各項管(guan)理(li)制度。

5.1.2建立完整(zheng)的質量管理體(ti)系,項(xiang)目(mu)管理部設(she)置質量管理領導(dao)小(xiao)組,由項(xiang)目(mu)負(fu)責人和總工程師全(quan)權負(fu)責,選(xuan)擇精干、有豐富經驗的專業質量檢查員,對(dui)各工序進行質量監督和技術(shu)指導(dao)。

5.1.3嚴(yan)格執行質(zhi)量目(mu)標管理,把質(zhi)量與效率嚴(yan)密掛(gua)鉤,實行優(you)質(zhi)優(you)價(jia),質(zhi)量目(mu)標責任制。質(zhi)檢(jian)員(yuan)認(ren)真行使質(zhi)量否(fou)決(jue)權(quan),使質(zhi)量管理始終(zhong)處于受控狀態。

5.1.4項目部每天要(yao)開好現場生產的(de)質量碰頭(tou)會,每周(zhou)對工程進行(xing)全面檢查(cha),進行(xing)三(san)分析(xi)活動,即:分析(xi)質量存在的(de)問題,分析(xi)質量問題的(de)原因(yin),分析(xi)應采取的(de)措施,查(cha)出問題及時(shi)整改。

5.1.5預應力張拉操作人員(yuan),必須(xu)經過培訓,持證上崗。

5.1.6應嚴(yan)格執行“三檢”和“一控”,對質量(liang)問題(ti)要“三不放過”。

“三檢(jian)”:自檢(jian)、互(hu)檢(jian)、交(jiao)接檢(jian)。

“一控”:自控準(zhun)確(que)率(lv)、一次驗收合格率(lv)。

5.1.7應加強施工全過程(cheng)中的質量預控,密(mi)切配(pei)合(he)建設、監(jian)理(li)、總包三(san)方人員的檢(jian)查與(yu)驗收,按時做好隱蔽(bi)工程(cheng)記錄。

5.1.8加強原(yuan)材(cai)(cai)料(liao)的管理(li)工作(zuo),嚴(yan)格執(zhi)行(xing)各種材(cai)(cai)料(liao)的檢驗制度,對進場(chang)的材(cai)(cai)料(liao)和設(she)備(bei)必須認真檢驗,并及時向總包(bao)單位和監理(li)方提供材(cai)(cai)質證(zheng)明、試(shi)驗報告和設(she)備(bei)報驗單。

5.1.9優化(hua)施工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)方案,認(ren)真(zhen)做好(hao)(hao)圖紙會審和技(ji)(ji)術交(jiao)底(di)。每段都要有明(ming)確和詳細的技(ji)(ji)術交(jiao)底(di)。施工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)中隨時檢(jian)查施工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)措(cuo)施的執行情(qing)(qing)況,做好(hao)(hao)施工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)記錄,按時進行施工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)記錄。按時進行施工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)質量檢(jian)查掌(zhang)握施工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)情(qing)(qing)況。

5.1.10加(jia)強成品率保護工(gong)作,對預應力筋采取保護措施(shi),吊裝時用(yong)專(zhuan)用(yong)噸繩。

5.1.11認(ren)真(zhen)做好(hao)工程技術資料(liao)(liao),及(ji)時準確完整(zheng)收集(ji)和(he)整(zheng)理(li)好(hao)各(ge)(ge)(ge)種(zhong)資料(liao)(liao),如合格證、試(shi)驗報(bao)告、質檢(jian)報(bao)告、隱蔽驗收記錄等(deng),及(ji)時辦理(li)各(ge)(ge)(ge)種(zhong)簽證手續,由(you)資料(liao)(liao)員(yuan)負(fu)責各(ge)(ge)(ge)種(zhong)資料(liao)(liao)的收發(fa),由(you)技術負(fu)責人負(fu)責資料(liao)(liao)的內涵管(guan)理(li)、整(zheng)理(li)和(he)保管(guan)等(deng)外延(yan)管(guan)理(li)。

5.1.12實行嚴格(ge)的獎罰(fa)制(zhi)度,獎優罰(fa)劣。對重視質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)量(liang),施工質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)一次達標者(zhe)給予獎勵,對不重視質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)量(liang),違(wei)章作業。質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)低劣者(zhe)給予重罰(fa)。若造成返工,損失由責任人自負。

5.2質量(liang)評定標準

按(an)照中華(hua)人民(min)共和國標(biao)準《混凝(ning)土(tu)結構工程(cheng)(cheng)施工質量驗收規(gui)范》(GB50204―2002)和中華(hua)人民(min)共和國行(xing)業(ye)標(biao)準的規(gui)定進行(xing)質量評定,工程(cheng)(cheng)質量必(bi)須符(fu)合上(shang)述標(biao)準的要求。

篇10

關(guan)鍵詞：水(shui)工(gong)(gong)建筑；基礎(chu)灌漿；施工(gong)(gong)技(ji)術

中圖分(fen)類(lei)號(hao)：TV543 文獻標(biao)識碼：A 文章(zhang)編號(hao)：1009-2374（2014）02-0055-02

1 水工(gong)建筑基礎(chu)灌漿施工(gong)技術應(ying)用的重要(yao)性

隨(sui)著(zhu)我(wo)國(guo)(guo)(guo)科學技(ji)術的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)進步和(he)發(fa)(fa)展，我(wo)國(guo)(guo)(guo)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)水(shui)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)建(jian)(jian)筑建(jian)(jian)設技(ji)術和(he)施工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)技(ji)術也(ye)發(fa)(fa)生(sheng)著(zhu)翻天覆地的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)變化。水(shui)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)建(jian)(jian)筑是(shi)我(wo)國(guo)(guo)(guo)水(shui)利(li)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)建(jian)(jian)設重要(yao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)體(ti)現形(xing)式(shi)之一，不僅承擔著(zhu)對(dui)我(wo)國(guo)(guo)(guo)農作物的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)灌溉(gai)任(ren)務，還起著(zhu)充分合理利(li)用(yong)(yong)(yong)自然水(shui)資源(yuan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)作用(yong)(yong)(yong)。水(shui)利(li)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)是(shi)確保(bao)農業發(fa)(fa)展的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)重要(yao)根本性(xing)(xing)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作，水(shui)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)建(jian)(jian)筑采用(yong)(yong)(yong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)灌漿(jiang)技(ji)術、堤(di)壩抗(kang)洪防滲技(ji)術等，對(dui)于(yu)我(wo)國(guo)(guo)(guo)農業的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)發(fa)(fa)展以(yi)及工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)業的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)發(fa)(fa)展都發(fa)(fa)揮著(zhu)十(shi)分重要(yao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)作用(yong)(yong)(yong)。因此(ci)，在水(shui)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)建(jian)(jian)筑的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)基礎施工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)過(guo)程(cheng)(cheng)中采用(yong)(yong)(yong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)施工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)技(ji)術和(he)加固、防滲措施就(jiu)顯得十(shi)分關鍵，是(shi)確保(bao)水(shui)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)建(jian)(jian)筑施工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)質(zhi)量和(he)使用(yong)(yong)(yong)性(xing)(xing)能以(yi)及長期使用(yong)(yong)(yong)耐久性(xing)(xing)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)基本內(nei)容，也(ye)是(shi)水(shui)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)建(jian)(jian)筑施工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)標準(zhun)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)基本要(yao)求。

2 水工(gong)建(jian)筑基礎灌(guan)漿(jiang)施工(gong)技術的應(ying)用

水(shui)工(gong)(gong)(gong)建(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)在我國有(you)著發展(zhan)速度快、空(kong)間范(fan)圍廣泛(fan)的(de)特(te)點，隨著水(shui)利(li)工(gong)(gong)(gong)程項目的(de)不(bu)斷建(jian)設(she)和施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)，優質和適宜(yi)的(de)水(shui)工(gong)(gong)(gong)建(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)地(di)(di)基(ji)越來越少，施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)地(di)(di)理(li)環境(jing)信息(xi)越來越艱苦，對于水(shui)工(gong)(gong)(gong)建(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)的(de)基(ji)礎施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)技(ji)術(shu)(shu)的(de)要求也更(geng)加(jia)嚴格。基(ji)礎灌漿施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)技(ji)術(shu)(shu)是一(yi)種比較常見(jian)的(de)對建(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)地(di)(di)基(ji)進(jin)行優化和處(chu)理(li)的(de)技(ji)術(shu)(shu)，且廣泛(fan)應(ying)用于水(shui)利(li)工(gong)(gong)(gong)程項目的(de)建(jian)設(she)中。水(shui)利(li)工(gong)(gong)(gong)程項目較平(ping)常的(de)建(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)項目對于建(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)基(ji)礎的(de)施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)技(ji)術(shu)(shu)的(de)要求更(geng)加(jia)苛刻，建(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)基(ji)礎不(bu)僅要具(ju)有(you)較高的(de)承載性能和抗震性能，還要具(ju)備一(yi)定的(de)抗滲能力。灌漿施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)技(ji)術(shu)(shu)在這方面有(you)著十分獨特(te)的(de)優勢，具(ju)體(ti)見(jian)以下詳細內容(rong)：

2.1 灌漿技術在水(shui)工(gong)建筑巖溶基礎(chu)條(tiao)件下的應用

水工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)建(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)基(ji)(ji)(ji)礎施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)經(jing)常(chang)(chang)會遇到巖(yan)溶(rong)(rong)地質(zhi)條件，目(mu)前的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)技術(shu)(shu)(shu)通常(chang)(chang)是建(jian)立在(zai)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)技術(shu)(shu)(shu)人(ren)員自身的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)經(jing)驗基(ji)(ji)(ji)礎之上，參考(kao)相關類似的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程項目(mu)進行(xing)實際(ji)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)設(she)計(ji)和(he)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)。在(zai)巖(yan)溶(rong)(rong)地質(zhi)條件下的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)基(ji)(ji)(ji)礎施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)技術(shu)(shu)(shu)通常(chang)(chang)有(you)兩方面施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)技術(shu)(shu)(shu)內容(rong)，首先(xian)就(jiu)是做無填充(chong)物的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)基(ji)(ji)(ji)礎施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)設(she)計(ji)，其(qi)次就(jiu)是做有(you)填充(chong)物的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)基(ji)(ji)(ji)礎施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)設(she)計(ji)。兩種(zhong)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)方式(shi)相比較而言(yan)，填充(chong)物施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)設(she)計(ji)對于(yu)技術(shu)(shu)(shu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)要(yao)求更(geng)加嚴格，但是，實際(ji)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)水工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)建(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)基(ji)(ji)(ji)礎施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)通常(chang)(chang)是要(yao)根據巖(yan)溶(rong)(rong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)實際(ji)情(qing)況進行(xing)確定的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)，根據巖(yan)溶(rong)(rong)深(shen)度和(he)大小情(qing)況的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)不同，此類水工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)建(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)基(ji)(ji)(ji)礎的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)有(you)以下三個方面的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)技術(shu)(shu)(shu)處理(li)

措施：

2.1.1 高(gao)壓(ya)灌(guan)漿(jiang)技術(shu)處(chu)理措施(shi)。采用高(gao)壓(ya)水(shui)泥灌(guan)漿(jiang)技術(shu)對水(shui)工(gong)建筑基(ji)礎建設區域進行施(shi)工(gong)，可(ke)以進一步提(ti)升建筑基(ji)礎填充材料的(de)密實程度。同時，高(gao)壓(ya)水(shui)泥灌(guan)漿(jiang)自身(shen)具有較高(gao)的(de)穩定性和較好的(de)防滲透(tou)能力(li)，將水(shui)泥漿(jiang)利用高(gao)壓(ya)以條形狀(zhuang)態注入建筑基(ji)礎地質內部，并在相應(ying)(ying)的(de)滲透(tou)作用下，水(shui)泥漿(jiang)可(ke)以形成網(wang)狀(zhuang)結構，從而使水(shui)工(gong)建筑基(ji)礎具有更好的(de)抗劈裂能力(li)，相應(ying)(ying)的(de)基(ji)礎穩定性和抗滲透(tou)能力(li)也能得到較好的(de)提(ti)升。

2.1.2 高(gao)(gao)壓旋噴(pen)(pen)(pen)灌漿(jiang)技術(shu)處理措施。該技術(shu)處理措施通常(chang)是需(xu)要采用鉆(zhan)機將攜有特殊噴(pen)(pen)(pen)嘴的(de)灌漿(jiang)管(guan)鉆(zhan)入到預定土(tu)(tu)層(ceng)位置，然后利用高(gao)(gao)壓脈(mo)沖(chong)泵(beng)將水泥漿(jiang)壓入灌漿(jiang)管(guan)，灌漿(jiang)管(guan)端的(de)噴(pen)(pen)(pen)射裝置就可以(yi)以(yi)較(jiao)(jiao)高(gao)(gao)的(de)速度噴(pen)(pen)(pen)射到預定土(tu)(tu)層(ceng)中，憑借較(jiao)(jiao)高(gao)(gao)的(de)流體沖(chong)擊力對土(tu)(tu)層(ceng)進(jin)行切削，破壞噴(pen)(pen)(pen)嘴射程內的(de)原本土(tu)(tu)層(ceng)，再(zai)將鉆(zhan)桿旋轉著以(yi)一定速度進(jin)行徐徐上(shang)提，使噴(pen)(pen)(pen)射的(de)水泥漿(jiang)同土(tu)(tu)體進(jin)行充(chong)分(fen)混合，待水泥漿(jiang)膠結硬化(hua)后，就會在水工(gong)建(jian)筑(zhu)基礎中形成質地(di)比較(jiao)(jiao)均勻、強度較(jiao)(jiao)高(gao)(gao)的(de)旋噴(pen)(pen)(pen)樁(zhuang)，從(cong)而實現水工(gong)建(jian)筑(zhu)基礎加固的(de)目(mu)的(de)。

2.1.3 水(shui)工建筑深層(ceng)巖溶基(ji)礎(chu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)灌(guan)(guan)漿施工技術(shu)。所謂的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)深層(ceng)巖溶通(tong)常(chang)指的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)是(shi)巖溶的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)深度達(da)到50米(mi)，要在這種類型(xing)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)地質(zhi)條(tiao)件(jian)上(shang)進行(xing)水(shui)工建筑的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)施工采用較為常(chang)用的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)旋噴灌(guan)(guan)漿技術(shu)是(shi)具有很大難度的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)，因此(ci)，我們必須考慮其他方法(fa)。常(chang)規的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)方法(fa)對(dui)于此(ci)類的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)水(shui)工建筑基(ji)礎(chu)較為有效，對(dui)巖溶區域的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)周邊進行(xing)灌(guan)(guan)漿處(chu)理(li)可以使(shi)進入的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)水(shui)泥漿在深入過(guo)程中會(hui)對(dui)巖層(ceng)中的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)填充(chong)物(wu)進行(xing)排(pai)擠，當排(pai)擠力較大時，就會(hui)使(shi)巖溶基(ji)礎(chu)內的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)填充(chong)物(wu)和(he)(he)水(shui)泥漿易于結合(he)，并(bing)且很快(kuai)凝結硬化，增加建筑基(ji)礎(chu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)強度和(he)(he)抗滲能力。

2.2 水工(gong)建(jian)筑基礎漏水條件下(xia)的灌漿施(shi)工(gong)處(chu)理措(cuo)施(shi)

水(shui)(shui)(shui)工建(jian)筑基(ji)礎的(de)漏(lou)水(shui)(shui)(shui)情況通(tong)常(chang)有(you)兩方(fang)面的(de)原因：第一，水(shui)(shui)(shui)工建(jian)筑的(de)選址處(chu)在(zai)可溶性巖區，獨特的(de)地質地貌會(hui)導致內部存在(zai)喀斯特溶洞或(huo)溶溝(gou)現象，隨著時間的(de)延長就會(hui)出現漏(lou)水(shui)(shui)(shui)情況；第二，水(shui)(shui)(shui)工建(jian)筑地下水(shui)(shui)(shui)文信息較(jiao)為豐富或(huo)者屬于軟地基(ji)工程(cheng)。漏(lou)水(shui)(shui)(shui)基(ji)礎的(de)處(chu)理采(cai)用常(chang)規的(de)灌漿(jiang)技術(shu)成(cheng)本高，效(xiao)果卻十分有(you)限，必須(xu)采(cai)取其(qi)他方(fang)式對水(shui)(shui)(shui)工建(jian)筑基(ji)礎進(jin)行(xing)灌漿(jiang)。具體的(de)灌漿(jiang)處(chu)理措施

如下：

2.2.1 模(mo)袋灌漿(jiang)(jiang)技術處理措(cuo)施。模(mo)袋本身是一種(zhong)具有(you)極(ji)高強(qiang)(qiang)度(du)的(de)(de)(de)(de)紡織品。通常(chang)是由(you)尼龍、聚酯和聚丙烯混合(he)制作而(er)成，因此還具有(you)很(hen)強(qiang)(qiang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)耐磨性(xing)能。采用這種(zhong)處理措(cuo)施，可以(yi)使袋中(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)泥漿(jiang)(jiang)在很(hen)強(qiang)(qiang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)壓力下(xia)(xia)，將水分全部滲(shen)漏出來，而(er)泥漿(jiang)(jiang)中(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)砂石等顆(ke)粒材(cai)料(liao)會(hui)保留在模(mo)袋中(zhong)。這種(zhong)技術處理方(fang)法可以(yi)很(hen)大程度(du)降低泥漿(jiang)(jiang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)水灰比，減少泥漿(jiang)(jiang)凝(ning)(ning)固(gu)時間，增強(qiang)(qiang)泥漿(jiang)(jiang)凝(ning)(ning)固(gu)后的(de)(de)(de)(de)強(qiang)(qiang)度(du)；另外(wai)，由(you)于泥漿(jiang)(jiang)在模(mo)袋的(de)(de)(de)(de)包(bao)裹作用下(xia)(xia)，即(ji)使受(shou)到水的(de)(de)(de)(de)沖擊(ji)，也不會(hui)輕(qing)易(yi)被沖走(zou)，而(er)模(mo)袋的(de)(de)(de)(de)柔軟性(xing)也可以(yi)很(hen)好(hao)地適應(ying)不同(tong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)溶洞類型，起(qi)到良好(hao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)堵塞防滲(shen)作用。

2.2.2 填充(chong)級配(pei)料(liao)技術處理(li)措(cuo)施(shi)。通常情況下(xia)，灌(guan)漿采用的(de)填充(chong)級配(pei)料(liao)大多為水(shui)泥和粗砂礫，且要注意填充(chong)料(liao)中礫石(shi)的(de)大小程(cheng)度(du)。當(dang)簡單地使(shi)用礫石(shi)和普通的(de)水(shui)泥達不到(dao)較好(hao)的(de)效(xiao)果時，就要采用在泥漿中添加粘(zhan)稠度(du)較高的(de)沖(chong)灌(guan)級水(shui)泥配(pei)料(liao)，由(you)于(yu)此(ci)種配(pei)料(liao)的(de)組成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)摻雜了(le)礫石(shi)和沙土，使(shi)用過程(cheng)中可以(yi)形(xing)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)自然的(de)反(fan)過濾(lv)系統(tong)。需要注意的(de)是，配(pei)料(liao)的(de)材料(liao)質(zhi)量和配(pei)比(bi)要靈活運用。粒料(liao)的(de)應用可以(yi)使(shi)基礎中的(de)狹窄部分形(xing)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)“橋架”，將縫隙完全阻塞，形(xing)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)較好(hao)的(de)反(fan)過濾(lv)層，既(ji)可以(yi)增加水(shui)工建筑基礎的(de)強度(du)，又能(neng)起(qi)到(dao)很(hen)好(hao)的(de)基礎抗滲透功能(neng)。

2.3 水工建筑基(ji)礎固結(jie)灌漿技術應(ying)用

固(gu)結(jie)灌(guan)(guan)(guan)漿(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)技術實際(ji)上是(shi)為了進(jin)(jin)一步鞏固(gu)基(ji)(ji)巖(yan)(yan)的(de)(de)強(qiang)度，減(jian)少透水(shui)的(de)(de)一項(xiang)水(shui)工建(jian)筑基(ji)(ji)礎處(chu)理措施。在(zai)水(shui)工建(jian)筑基(ji)(ji)礎施工條件允許的(de)(de)情況下，可(ke)以(yi)在(zai)地基(ji)(ji)或者水(shui)利(li)工程(cheng)下游(you)區域具有很(hen)強(qiang)應用的(de)(de)位置(zhi)(zhi)設置(zhi)(zhi)灌(guan)(guan)(guan)漿(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)孔(kong)(kong)，如果地基(ji)(ji)情況不(bu)符合操(cao)(cao)作(zuo)條件，就要對壩(ba)基(ji)(ji)和(he)整體部分進(jin)(jin)行全面固(gu)結(jie)灌(guan)(guan)(guan)漿(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)操(cao)(cao)作(zuo)。灌(guan)(guan)(guan)漿(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)孔(kong)(kong)的(de)(de)大小一般控制在(zai)5～8m，深一些(xie)的(de)(de)可(ke)以(yi)達到15～40m，灌(guan)(guan)(guan)漿(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)孔(kong)(kong)的(de)(de)設計(ji)要在(zai)平面上以(yi)網格狀交錯存在(zai)。可(ke)以(yi)采用群(qun)孔(kong)(kong)沖(chong)洗(xi)和(he)群(qun)孔(kong)(kong)灌(guan)(guan)(guan)漿(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)的(de)(de)方式進(jin)(jin)行灌(guan)(guan)(guan)漿(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)操(cao)(cao)作(zuo)。固(gu)結(jie)灌(guan)(guan)(guan)漿(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)技術適(shi)用于壩(ba)基(ji)(ji)厚度符合標準的(de)(de)情況，既可(ke)以(yi)起到防止漿(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)液冒出基(ji)(ji)巖(yan)(yan)表層的(de)(de)問題，也能很(hen)好地強(qiang)化灌(guan)(guan)(guan)漿(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)效果。

3 結語

綜(zong)上所述，水(shui)(shui)工(gong)(gong)(gong)建(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)施(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)建(jian)設對于(yu)基(ji)(ji)礎的施(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)技(ji)術(shu)要(yao)求十分嚴格，通(tong)常的水(shui)(shui)工(gong)(gong)(gong)建(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)都(dou)是建(jian)立在(zai)河(he)流區域，建(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)整體的穩(wen)固性和抗滑(hua)能力(li)是確保(bao)水(shui)(shui)工(gong)(gong)(gong)建(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)質(zhi)量的基(ji)(ji)礎，同(tong)時，水(shui)(shui)工(gong)(gong)(gong)建(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)的防滲性能是檢驗建(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)質(zhi)量的重(zhong)要(yao)標準，也是水(shui)(shui)工(gong)(gong)(gong)建(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)安全性的基(ji)(ji)本(ben)保(bao)障。在(zai)實際的水(shui)(shui)工(gong)(gong)(gong)建(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)基(ji)(ji)礎施(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)操作中，我們還需要(yao)結合水(shui)(shui)工(gong)(gong)(gong)建(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)基(ji)(ji)礎的實際情況，靈(ling)活運用并且爭取(qu)發揮(hui)出每一種灌漿施(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)技(ji)術(shu)的效益(yi)，切實保(bao)障水(shui)(shui)工(gong)(gong)(gong)建(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)基(ji)(ji)礎的施(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)質(zhi)量和使(shi)用

性能。

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