導(dao)語：農村經濟(ji)和農村政策一文(wen)來源于網友(you)上傳，不代表(biao)本站觀(guan)點(dian)，若需要原創(chuang)文(wen)章(zhang)可咨詢客(ke)服老師，歡迎(ying)參考。

一、當前的農村經濟平穩發展

由于播(bo)種面積減少(shao)4.3%和自然災害比(bi)較嚴(yan)重等原因(yin)，糧(liang)食總(zong)產量為(wei)(wei)8613億(yi)斤，比(bi)上年減少(shao)528億(yi)斤，減產的幅(fu)度約為(wei)(wei)5.8%。鄉鎮(zhen)企業繼續(xu)發展，增加值(zhi)約為(wei)(wei)36600億(yi)元，比(bi)上年

增(zeng)長13%。農(nong)(nong)(nong)村(cun)勞動力離(li)鄉外出(chu)(chu)就業(ye)(ye)(ye)的(de)(de)(de)人數繼續增(zeng)加(jia)(jia)，總數約為(wei)9900萬(wan)(wan)人，比上年增(zeng)加(jia)(jia)了500萬(wan)(wan)人。全國(guo)(guo)農(nong)(nong)(nong)民人均純收(shou)入2622元，比上年增(zeng)加(jia)(jia)146元，扣除(chu)價格因素(su)后的(de)(de)(de)實(shi)際增(zeng)長幅度為(wei)4.3%。總的(de)(de)(de)看，年，農(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)和(he)農(nong)(nong)(nong)村(cun)生(sheng)產結(jie)構的(de)(de)(de)調(diao)整在(zai)繼續穩(wen)步(bu)推進，農(nong)(nong)(nong)村(cun)稅(shui)費改革(ge)的(de)(de)(de)覆蓋(gai)面(mian)已(yi)穩(wen)步(bu)擴大(da)到全國(guo)(guo)所有的(de)(de)(de)省市自(zi)(zi)治(zhi)區，農(nong)(nong)(nong)林牧漁業(ye)(ye)(ye)和(he)鄉鎮企業(ye)(ye)(ye)的(de)(de)(de)生(sheng)產，以及農(nong)(nong)(nong)民外出(chu)(chu)務工就業(ye)(ye)(ye)等(deng)，都繼續穩(wen)步(bu)發(fa)展，農(nong)(nong)(nong)民的(de)(de)(de)人均純收(shou)入在(zai)繼續穩(wen)步(bu)增(zeng)加(jia)(jia)。應該說，在(zai)年，農(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)和(he)農(nong)(nong)(nong)村(cun)經(jing)濟(ji)克(ke)服了突如其來的(de)(de)(de)“非典”疫情沖擊(ji)和(he)多種自(zi)(zi)然災害(hai)頻繁(fan)發(fa)生(sheng)的(de)(de)(de)嚴重影響，能夠取得這樣的(de)(de)(de)成績，是很不(bu)容易的(de)(de)(de)。二、當前農(nong)(nong)(nong)村(cun)經(jing)濟(ji)中(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)突出(chu)(chu)問題是農(nong)(nong)(nong)民增(zeng)收(shou)困難。

在(zai)年的(de)(de)農(nong)業和農(nong)村經濟發(fa)展中，也存在(zai)著不(bu)少值得高度重視(shi)的(de)(de)問題(ti)，其中最突出(chu)的(de)(de)問題(ti)，就是農(nong)民(min)增(zeng)收困(kun)(kun)難。年全國農(nong)民(min)人均(jun)純收入(ru)增(zeng)長(chang)(chang)了4.3%，增(zeng)幅比(bi)(bi)上年下(xia)降0.5個百(bai)分點，主要(yao)原因是“非典”疫情的(de)(de)影響，使二季度農(nong)民(min)收入(ru)出(chu)現(xian)了負(fu)增(zeng)長(chang)(chang)。但總的(de)(de)看，自(zi)1997年以來，農(nong)民(min)的(de)(de)收入(ru)增(zeng)長(chang)(chang)一直比(bi)(bi)較困(kun)(kun)難。主要(yao)表現(xian)在(zai)三方(fang)面：

一(yi)是農(nong)民收入(ru)持(chi)續低速增(zeng)長。從1997年(nian)到年(nian)，全國(guo)農(nong)民人均純收入(ru)的(de)增(zeng)幅已連續7年(nian)沒有一(yi)年(nian)超過5%，最高的(de)年(nian)份增(zeng)長4.8%，最低的(de)只增(zeng)長2.1%，年(nian)均增(zeng)長4%，僅相當于同(tong)期城鎮居(ju)民收入(ru)年(nian)均增(zeng)長幅度的(de)一(yi)半(ban)。

二是(shi)與城(cheng)鎮居(ju)民(min)的收入(ru)(ru)(ru)(ru)差(cha)距在(zai)繼(ji)續擴(kuo)大。1997年(nian)農民(min)的人(ren)均(jun)純收入(ru)(ru)(ru)(ru)為2090元，城(cheng)鎮居(ju)民(min)的人(ren)均(jun)可(ke)支配收入(ru)(ru)(ru)(ru)為5160元，兩者(zhe)的收入(ru)(ru)(ru)(ru)差(cha)距為1：2.47；年(nian)農民(min)的人(ren)均(jun)收入(ru)(ru)(ru)(ru)為2622元，城(cheng)鎮居(ju)民(min)為8500元，差(cha)距已擴(kuo)大為1：3.24。

三是(shi)以(yi)(yi)(yi)糧(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)食(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)生產(chan)(chan)為主的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)純農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)戶(hu)收(shou)(shou)(shou)入(ru)增長(chang)更(geng)為困難(nan)。過去幾(ji)年(nian)(nian)(nian)中，由于(yu)不(bu)少(shao)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)產(chan)(chan)品供(gong)(gong)(gong)過于(yu)求(qiu)，價格下跌，導致農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)民(min)來自(zi)(zi)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)收(shou)(shou)(shou)入(ru)額減少(shao)，使以(yi)(yi)(yi)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)為主的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)純農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)戶(hu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)收(shou)(shou)(shou)入(ru)增長(chang)尤(you)其(qi)困難(nan)。1997年(nian)(nian)(nian)，農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)民(min)人均(jun)來自(zi)(zi)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)純收(shou)(shou)(shou)入(ru)為1268元，但自(zi)(zi)1998年(nian)(nian)(nian)到年(nian)(nian)(nian)，農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)民(min)來自(zi)(zi)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)純收(shou)(shou)(shou)入(ru)已(yi)連續6年(nian)(nian)(nian)低于(yu)這(zhe)一水平。純農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)戶(hu)主要分布(bu)在(zai)(zai)糧(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)食(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)主產(chan)(chan)區(qu)，因此近幾(ji)年(nian)(nian)(nian)糧(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)食(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)主產(chan)(chan)區(qu)種(zhong)糧(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)民(min)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)收(shou)(shou)(shou)入(ru)增長(chang)相當困難(nan)，特(te)(te)別是(shi)中部地區(qu)8個糧(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)食(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)主產(chan)(chan)省(冀、吉(ji)、黑、皖、贛、豫(yu)、鄂(e)、湘(xiang))農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)民(min)人均(jun)收(shou)(shou)(shou)入(ru)已(yi)持(chi)續5年(nian)(nian)(nian)低于(yu)全(quan)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)平均(jun)水平，年(nian)(nian)(nian)均(jun)只增長(chang)2.73%。在(zai)(zai)有(you)(you)(you)些(xie)年(nian)(nian)(nian)份(fen)，糧(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)食(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)主產(chan)(chan)區(qu)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)民(min)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)人均(jun)純收(shou)(shou)(shou)入(ru)甚至是(shi)負增長(chang)。顯然，這(zhe)樣的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)局面不(bu)僅限制了(le)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)民(min)購買力的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)提高和(he)(he)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)內市場的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)擴大，而且也不(bu)利于(yu)糧(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)食(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)生產(chan)(chan)能力的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)穩(wen)定(ding)和(he)(he)提高。自(zi)(zi)1999年(nian)(nian)(nian)以(yi)(yi)(yi)來，我(wo)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)糧(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)食(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)產(chan)(chan)量(liang)在(zai)(zai)持(chi)續下降。這(zhe)里有(you)(you)(you)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業為適應市場供(gong)(gong)(gong)求(qiu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)變化而主動調(diao)整產(chan)(chan)業結(jie)構的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)原(yuan)因，但也有(you)(you)(you)因為糧(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)食(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)生產(chan)(chan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)比較效益低，農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)民(min)種(zhong)糧(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)積(ji)極性不(bu)高的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)原(yuan)因。應該說(shuo)，像年(nian)(nian)(nian)這(zhe)樣，糧(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)食(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)播種(zhong)面積(ji)降到了(le)不(bu)足15億畝、糧(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)食(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)總產(chan)(chan)量(liang)降到了(le)8600多(duo)(duo)億斤，是(shi)出乎許多(duo)(duo)人的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)意料的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)。盡(jin)管我(wo)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)目前當年(nian)(nian)(nian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)糧(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)食(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)產(chan)(chan)量(liang)加上國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)有(you)(you)(you)糧(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)食(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)部門現(xian)有(you)(you)(you)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)庫存，仍然是(shi)供(gong)(gong)(gong)大于(yu)求(qiu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)格局，但是(shi)，畢竟當年(nian)(nian)(nian)產(chan)(chan)量(liang)與(yu)需(xu)求(qiu)量(liang)之間的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)缺(que)口正在(zai)(zai)逐步擴大，必須(xu)動用(yong)部分庫存才(cai)(cai)能滿足需(xu)求(qiu)，長(chang)此以(yi)(yi)(yi)往，糧(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)食(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)供(gong)(gong)(gong)求(qiu)形勢總有(you)(you)(you)一天會出現(xian)逆轉。因此，必須(xu)設法增加農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)民(min)尤(you)其(qi)是(shi)糧(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)食(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)主產(chan)(chan)區(qu)種(zhong)糧(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)民(min)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)收(shou)(shou)(shou)入(ru)，才(cai)(cai)能調(diao)動農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)民(min)種(zhong)糧(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)積(ji)極性，穩(wen)定(ding)和(he)(he)提高我(wo)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)糧(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)食(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)生產(chan)(chan)能力，以(yi)(yi)(yi)保(bao)障國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)家(jia)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)糧(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)食(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)安全(quan)、經濟安全(quan)和(he)(he)社(she)會穩(wen)定(ding)。三、年(nian)(nian)(nian)中共中央1號文件的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)特(te)(te)點(dian)和(he)(he)要點(dian)。

年(nian)(nian)12月24、25日，中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)共(gong)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)央(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)、國(guo)(guo)(guo)務(wu)(wu)院(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)在北京召開(kai)了(le)(le)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)央(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)村(cun)工(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)會(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)議(yi)(yi)(yi)。這次會(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)議(yi)(yi)(yi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)主(zhu)(zhu)要任務(wu)(wu)是(shi)(shi)分(fen)(fen)析當前(qian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業和(he)(he)(he)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)村(cun)形勢，根據中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)共(gong)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)央(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)十六屆三中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)全(quan)會(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)《決定(ding)》和(he)(he)(he)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)央(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)經(jing)濟工(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)會(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)議(yi)(yi)(yi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)精神，研究促(cu)(cu)(cu)(cu)進(jin)(jin)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)民(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)增(zeng)(zeng)加(jia)收(shou)(shou)入(ru)(ru)(ru)、保障國(guo)(guo)(guo)家(jia)糧(liang)食安全(quan)和(he)(he)(he)深(shen)(shen)化農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)村(cun)改(gai)革(ge)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)有關(guan)政(zheng)策(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)措施(shi)(shi)。會(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)前(qian)，中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)共(gong)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)央(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)政(zheng)治局常委會(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)議(yi)(yi)(yi)、國(guo)(guo)(guo)務(wu)(wu)院(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)常務(wu)(wu)會(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)議(yi)(yi)(yi)審議(yi)(yi)(yi)了(le)(le)提交會(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)議(yi)(yi)(yi)討論的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)共(gong)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)央(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)、國(guo)(guo)(guo)務(wu)(wu)院(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)擬發(fa)(fa)出的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)關(guan)于(yu)指導(dao)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)村(cun)工(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)政(zheng)策(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)性(xing)(xing)(xing)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)。回良(liang)玉同志代表中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)共(gong)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)央(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)、國(guo)(guo)(guo)務(wu)(wu)院(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)在會(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)上做了(le)(le)重要講話。中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)共(gong)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)央(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)、國(guo)(guo)(guo)務(wu)(wu)院(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)長期(qi)(qi)保持著每(mei)年(nian)(nian)召開(kai)一(yi)次中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)央(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)村(cun)工(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)會(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)議(yi)(yi)(yi)、每(mei)年(nian)(nian)發(fa)(fa)出一(yi)個指導(dao)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)村(cun)工(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)政(zheng)策(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)性(xing)(xing)(xing)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)傳統。這次會(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)議(yi)(yi)(yi)和(he)(he)(he)發(fa)(fa)出的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)有兩點特別引人(ren)注目(mu)：一(yi)是(shi)(shi)盡管會(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)議(yi)(yi)(yi)研究了(le)(le)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)民(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)增(zeng)(zeng)收(shou)(shou)、糧(liang)食安全(quan)、農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)村(cun)改(gai)革(ge)等一(yi)系列問題(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)，但(dan)(dan)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)卻突(tu)出了(le)(le)促(cu)(cu)(cu)(cu)進(jin)(jin)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)民(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)增(zeng)(zeng)收(shou)(shou)這一(yi)個主(zhu)(zhu)題(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)。文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)題(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)目(mu)就是(shi)(shi)新(xin)華社昨天(tian)公布的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)《中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)共(gong)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)央(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)、國(guo)(guo)(guo)務(wu)(wu)院(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)關(guan)于(yu)促(cu)(cu)(cu)(cu)進(jin)(jin)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)民(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)增(zeng)(zeng)加(jia)收(shou)(shou)入(ru)(ru)(ru)若(ruo)干政(zheng)策(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)意見(jian)》。以中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)共(gong)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)央(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)、國(guo)(guo)(guo)務(wu)(wu)院(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)名(ming)義，專門制定(ding)一(yi)個關(guan)于(yu)促(cu)(cu)(cu)(cu)進(jin)(jin)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)民(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)增(zeng)(zeng)加(jia)收(shou)(shou)入(ru)(ru)(ru)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)，這在我國(guo)(guo)(guo)建國(guo)(guo)(guo)以來還是(shi)(shi)第一(yi)次，可見(jian)當前(qian)黨中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)央(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)、國(guo)(guo)(guo)務(wu)(wu)院(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)對(dui)(dui)于(yu)促(cu)(cu)(cu)(cu)進(jin)(jin)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)民(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)增(zeng)(zeng)收(shou)(shou)問題(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)重視程度(du)。二是(shi)(shi)這個文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)序號(hao)(hao)是(shi)(shi)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)共(gong)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)央(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)年(nian)(nian)1號(hao)(hao)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)。在農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)村(cun)改(gai)革(ge)初期(qi)(qi)，從1982年(nian)(nian)到1986年(nian)(nian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)5年(nian)(nian)間(jian)，中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)共(gong)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)央(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)、國(guo)(guo)(guo)務(wu)(wu)院(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)曾經(jing)連續5年(nian)(nian)每(mei)年(nian)(nian)發(fa)(fa)出一(yi)個1號(hao)(hao)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)，對(dui)(dui)實現農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)村(cun)改(gai)革(ge)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)率先突(tu)破(po)、調動廣大農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)民(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)積(ji)極性(xing)(xing)(xing)、解放農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)村(cun)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)生(sheng)產力起到了(le)(le)極其(qi)巨大的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)促(cu)(cu)(cu)(cu)進(jin)(jin)作(zuo)(zuo)用(yong)。雖然時(shi)隔多(duo)年(nian)(nian)，但(dan)(dan)很多(duo)從事農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)村(cun)工(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)干部(bu)乃至(zhi)很多(duo)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)民(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)，至(zhi)今(jin)對(dui)(dui)于(yu)“中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)央(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)1號(hao)(hao)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)”仍然記憶(yi)猶(you)新(xin)、感情頗深(shen)(shen)。不難(nan)想象，時(shi)隔18年(nian)(nian)，當人(ren)們再次看到中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)共(gong)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)央(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)、國(guo)(guo)(guo)務(wu)(wu)院(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)以“1號(hao)(hao)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)”的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)形式發(fa)(fa)出的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)指導(dao)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)村(cun)工(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)政(zheng)策(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)性(xing)(xing)(xing)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)，必然是(shi)(shi)倍(bei)(bei)感親切、倍(bei)(bei)受鼓舞。年(nian)(nian)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)共(gong)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)央(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)1號(hao)(hao)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)，即《中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)共(gong)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)央(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)、國(guo)(guo)(guo)務(wu)(wu)院(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)關(guan)于(yu)促(cu)(cu)(cu)(cu)進(jin)(jin)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)民(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)增(zeng)(zeng)加(jia)收(shou)(shou)入(ru)(ru)(ru)若(ruo)干政(zheng)策(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)意見(jian)》，圍繞農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)民(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)增(zeng)(zeng)收(shou)(shou)問題(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)，寫了(le)(le)九個部(bu)份、22個方(fang)面(mian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)政(zheng)策(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)措施(shi)(shi)。文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)肯定(ding)了(le)(le)年(nian)(nian)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)村(cun)工(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)成績(ji)，同時(shi)分(fen)(fen)析了(le)(le)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)民(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)增(zeng)(zeng)收(shou)(shou)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)嚴峻形勢和(he)(he)(he)促(cu)(cu)(cu)(cu)進(jin)(jin)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)民(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)、尤其(qi)是(shi)(shi)促(cu)(cu)(cu)(cu)進(jin)(jin)糧(liang)食主(zhu)(zhu)產區(qu)種糧(liang)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)民(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)增(zeng)(zeng)收(shou)(shou)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)緊迫(po)性(xing)(xing)(xing)、重要性(xing)(xing)(xing)，提出了(le)(le)增(zeng)(zeng)加(jia)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)民(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)收(shou)(shou)入(ru)(ru)(ru)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)基本思路和(he)(he)(he)總體要求。文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)九個部(bu)份，概括起來可分(fen)(fen)為(wei)四(si)個大的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)方(fang)面(mian)：第一(yi)個方(fang)面(mian)，分(fen)(fen)別強調糧(liang)食主(zhu)(zhu)產區(qu)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)民(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)增(zeng)(zeng)收(shou)(shou)和(he)(he)(he)貧困地區(qu)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)民(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)增(zeng)(zeng)收(shou)(shou)這兩個重點和(he)(he)(he)難(nan)點。

當前農(nong)(nong)民增(zeng)收(shou)(shou)(shou)難，主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)要(yao)(yao)(yao)難在主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)產(chan)(chan)區(qu)，穩定和(he)恢復糧(liang)食(shi)生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)，主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)要(yao)(yao)(yao)也靠主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)產(chan)(chan)區(qu)，因此，抓住(zhu)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)產(chan)(chan)區(qu)就抓住(zhu)了(le)農(nong)(nong)民增(zeng)收(shou)(shou)(shou)和(he)糧(liang)食(shi)安全的(de)(de)關鍵。文(wen)件特(te)別(bie)突出(chu)了(le)支持(chi)(chi)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)產(chan)(chan)區(qu)農(nong)(nong)民增(zeng)收(shou)(shou)(shou)的(de)(de)問(wen)題，并提(ti)出(chu)了(le)力度較大的(de)(de)政(zheng)策(ce)措施(shi)。支持(chi)(chi)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)產(chan)(chan)區(qu)，主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)要(yao)(yao)(yao)強(qiang)調(diao)搞(gao)好(hao)糧(liang)食(shi)生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)能力建(jian)設和(he)糧(liang)食(shi)轉化加(jia)工(gong)(gong)增(zeng)值。為此，明(ming)確提(ti)出(chu)從明(ming)年起(qi)，開(kai)(kai)始實(shi)施(shi)國(guo)家優(you)質糧(liang)食(shi)產(chan)(chan)業工(gong)(gong)程，對購置和(he)更(geng)(geng)新(xin)大型農(nong)(nong)機具進行補(bu)貼等措施(shi)。有(you)關資(zi)金(jin)來源，除要(yao)(yao)(yao)求整合(he)現有(you)投(tou)資(zi)外，還(huan)提(ti)出(chu)要(yao)(yao)(yao)開(kai)(kai)辟新(xin)的(de)(de)渠道，主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)要(yao)(yao)(yao)是確定一定比例的(de)(de)國(guo)有(you)土(tu)地出(chu)讓金(jin)的(de)(de)收(shou)(shou)(shou)益，用于支持(chi)(chi)農(nong)(nong)業土(tu)地開(kai)(kai)發，提(ti)高糧(liang)食(shi)綜合(he)生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)能力。解決好(hao)農(nong)(nong)村貧困人口的(de)(de)生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)生(sheng)(sheng)活(huo)問(wen)題，是做(zuo)好(hao)農(nong)(nong)民增(zeng)收(shou)(shou)(shou)工(gong)(gong)作和(he)全面建(jian)設小康(kang)社會的(de)(de)重(zhong)要(yao)(yao)(yao)內容。文(wen)件主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)要(yao)(yao)(yao)強(qiang)調(diao)了(le)要(yao)(yao)(yao)完善扶貧開(kai)(kai)發機制，繼續增(zeng)加(jia)扶貧資(zi)金(jin)投(tou)入(ru)，分類采(cai)取更(geng)(geng)有(you)針對性的(de)(de)扶貧措施(shi)和(he)加(jia)強(qiang)對扶貧資(zi)金(jin)的(de)(de)管理。

第二(er)個方面，分別從農業內部、農村內部和農村外部這三(san)個層次，提出促(cu)進(jin)農民擴大就業和增加收入(ru)的有關政策(ce)。

文(wen)件強(qiang)(qiang)調，要(yao)在保護和(he)提(ti)(ti)高糧食綜合(he)生產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)能力的前提(ti)(ti)下，繼續(xu)推(tui)進(jin)(jin)結構調整，向農(nong)業(ye)(ye)廣(guang)度和(he)深度進(jin)(jin)軍(jun)。主要(yao)是(shi)(shi)(shi)抓好三件事(shi)：一是(shi)(shi)(shi)推(tui)進(jin)(jin)優勢農(nong)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)品產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)業(ye)(ye)帶建(jian)設。提(ti)(ti)出(chu)要(yao)擴大良種補(bu)(bu)貼、逐步把(ba)法定檢(jian)驗(yan)和(he)商業(ye)(ye)檢(jian)驗(yan)分開等措(cuo)施(shi)，加快(kuai)建(jian)設產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)業(ye)(ye)帶，帶動農(nong)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)品的優質化和(he)區域化。二是(shi)(shi)(shi)發展農(nong)業(ye)(ye)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)業(ye)(ye)化經(jing)營。提(ti)(ti)出(chu)通過安排專項資(zi)金、給予(yu)財政貼息和(he)補(bu)(bu)助等形式(shi)，支持(chi)龍頭(tou)企業(ye)(ye)做(zuo)大做(zuo)強(qiang)(qiang)。三是(shi)(shi)(shi)加強(qiang)(qiang)農(nong)業(ye)(ye)科技。提(ti)(ti)出(chu)要(yao)允許(xu)各類(lei)農(nong)業(ye)(ye)企業(ye)(ye)申請國家研(yan)發、引進(jin)(jin)和(he)推(tui)廣(guang)資(zi)金等措(cuo)施(shi)。解決農(nong)民增收問題(ti)，還必須(xu)努力在農(nong)村內部拓寬(kuan)農(nong)民增收的空間(jian)。這(zhe)就必須(xu)發展農(nong)村二三產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)業(ye)(ye)，壯(zhuang)大縣域經(jing)濟(ji)(ji)。因此文(wen)件強(qiang)(qiang)調了要(yao)促進(jin)(jin)鄉鎮(zhen)企業(ye)(ye)的改(gai)革和(he)調整、發展農(nong)村個(ge)體私(si)營經(jing)濟(ji)(ji)和(he)小城鎮(zhen)建(jian)設等問題(ti)。

近幾年，外(wai)(wai)出(chu)打(da)工(gong)(gong)(gong)已成為農(nong)民(min)(min)(min)增(zeng)(zeng)收的(de)一大(da)亮點，年三年農(nong)民(min)(min)(min)收入的(de)增(zeng)(zeng)量中有47.8%來自外(wai)(wai)出(chu)打(da)工(gong)(gong)(gong)。目前，跨地區流動的(de)農(nong)民(min)(min)(min)工(gong)(gong)(gong)約1億人，引導好、組織好、服務好這些人，不僅關(guan)系到農(nong)民(min)(min)(min)的(de)切身(shen)利益，而(er)且關(guan)系到我(wo)國產業競爭力的(de)提高和社會的(de)穩定。文件(jian)強調了(le)保障農(nong)民(min)(min)(min)工(gong)(gong)(gong)合法權益和加(jia)(jia)強職(zhi)(zhi)業技能(neng)培訓兩個問題，提出(chu)了(le)要(yao)加(jia)(jia)大(da)力度落實有關(guan)政策、加(jia)(jia)快大(da)中城市戶(hu)籍(ji)改(gai)革(ge)、各級財政都要(yao)專項安排(pai)對農(nong)民(min)(min)(min)的(de)職(zhi)(zhi)業技能(neng)培訓資(zi)金等措施(shi)。第三個方面(mian)，從為農(nong)民(min)(min)(min)增(zeng)(zeng)收創造必要(yao)外(wai)(wai)部條件(jian)的(de)角度，提出(chu)了(le)開(kai)拓農(nong)產品市場(chang)、增(zeng)(zeng)加(jia)(jia)對農(nong)業和農(nong)村(cun)投入，以及深化農(nong)村(cun)改(gai)革(ge)的(de)政策措施(shi)。公務員之家:

繼(ji)續開拓農(nong)(nong)產(chan)(chan)品市(shi)場(chang)，是使農(nong)(nong)民從農(nong)(nong)業中增收的關鍵。文件提出要在全國范圍建立(li)鮮(xian)活農(nong)(nong)產(chan)(chan)品“綠色通道”、外(wai)貿發展基金要向促(cu)進農(nong)(nong)產(chan)(chan)品出口傾(qing)斜、引導出口農(nong)(nong)產(chan)(chan)品加工(gong)企業進入農(nong)(nong)產(chan)(chan)品出口加工(gong)貿易區(qu)等措(cuo)施。

年(nian)國債發行(xing)規模進一步減少，但(dan)對農(nong)(nong)業和(he)農(nong)(nong)村的(de)投入，不(bu)僅不(bu)能減，還(huan)要(yao)盡可(ke)能增加。文件提(ti)出(chu)要(yao)依法安排預算內支農(nong)(nong)支出(chu)、整合農(nong)(nong)業投資、固定資產投資用于農(nong)(nong)業和(he)農(nong)(nong)村的(de)比例要(yao)穩定并逐步提(ti)高、繼續擴大“六(liu)小(xiao)工程”投資規模和(he)建設范圍(wei)等措施。

對于農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)村(cun)改(gai)(gai)(gai)(gai)革(ge)(ge)，文(wen)件根據十六屆(jie)三(san)中全會(hui)精神，主要(yao)(yao)強(qiang)(qiang)調(diao)了四個問題：一是改(gai)(gai)(gai)(gai)革(ge)(ge)土地征用制(zhi)度，按照“保(bao)障農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)民(min)權(quan)益、控制(zhi)征地規(gui)模”的(de)(de)原則(ze)，提(ti)(ti)出(chu)了改(gai)(gai)(gai)(gai)革(ge)(ge)的(de)(de)基本思路和主要(yao)(yao)內(nei)容。二(er)是深(shen)化糧(liang)(liang)食(shi)流(liu)(liu)通體(ti)制(zhi)改(gai)(gai)(gai)(gai)革(ge)(ge)，強(qiang)(qiang)調(diao)了要(yao)(yao)抓(zhua)緊(jin)清理不利(li)于糧(liang)(liang)食(shi)自(zi)由流(liu)(liu)通的(de)(de)有(you)關政(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)策法(fa)規(gui)，對種糧(liang)(liang)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)民(min)進(jin)行直接補貼。三(san)是推進(jin)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)村(cun)稅(shui)費改(gai)(gai)(gai)(gai)革(ge)(ge)，農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)稅(shui)稅(shui)率總體(ti)上(shang)降低一個百分點(dian)，同時(shi)取(qu)消農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)特產稅(shui)，并加大機構改(gai)(gai)(gai)(gai)革(ge)(ge)、人員精簡等配套(tao)改(gai)(gai)(gai)(gai)革(ge)(ge)的(de)(de)力(li)度。四是農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)村(cun)金融體(ti)制(zhi)改(gai)(gai)(gai)(gai)革(ge)(ge)，提(ti)(ti)出(chu)了明確(que)(que)縣域內(nei)各金融機構為(wei)“三(san)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)”服務(wu)的(de)(de)義(yi)務(wu)、避(bi)免農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)村(cun)資(zi)金過度外流(liu)(liu)、信(xin)用社改(gai)(gai)(gai)(gai)革(ge)(ge)要(yao)(yao)總結試點(dian)經(jing)驗、逐步(bu)在(zai)全國推開，以及采取(qu)多種抵押擔保(bao)形(xing)式，改(gai)(gai)(gai)(gai)善對農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)民(min)的(de)(de)金融服務(wu)等措施。第四個方面，強(qiang)(qiang)調(diao)了各級(ji)黨(dang)委、政(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)府和有(you)關部門要(yao)(yao)切(qie)(qie)實(shi)加強(qiang)(qiang)領導、落實(shi)政(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)策。文(wen)件要(yao)(yao)求，各級(ji)干部必須自(zi)覺樹立科學的(de)(de)發展(zhan)觀和正確(que)(que)的(de)(de)政(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)績(ji)觀，認清國情(qing)、增強(qiang)(qiang)對農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)民(min)的(de)(de)感情(qing)，按照中央(yang)提(ti)(ti)出(chu)的(de)(de)把(ba)解決好(hao)“三(san)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)”問題作(zuo)為(wei)全黨(dang)工(gong)作(zuo)重中之重的(de)(de)要(yao)(yao)求，切(qie)(qie)實(shi)抓(zhua)好(hao)各項政(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)策的(de)(de)落實(shi)工(gong)作(zuo)，努力(li)實(shi)現增加農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)民(min)收入，確(que)(que)保(bao)糧(liang)(liang)食(shi)安全，深(shen)化農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)村(cun)改(gai)(gai)(gai)(gai)革(ge)(ge)的(de)(de)目標。