導語：電(dian)動(dong)汽車無線充電(dian)技(ji)術分(fen)析(xi)一(yi)文(wen)(wen)來源(yuan)于網友上傳，不代(dai)表(biao)本站觀點(dian)，若需要原(yuan)創文(wen)(wen)章可咨詢客服(fu)老師，歡迎參考。

摘要：如今電動汽車在市場上占比不斷提升，國家各項政策也使得電動汽車產業高速發展。電動汽車的續航能力問題也隨之出現。本文介紹了三種主要的無線充電技術，分析了(le)(le)國內外(wai)車(che)企和(he)制(zhi)造商(shang)的(de)無(wu)線(xian)充(chong)電(dian)技術發展現狀，概述了(le)(le)動(dong)態無(wu)線(xian)充(chong)電(dian)技術在電(dian)動(dong)車(che)上的(de)最(zui)新成果。最(zui)后分析了(le)(le)無(wu)線(xian)充(chong)電(dian)技術在電(dian)動(dong)汽車(che)方面的(de)未來(lai)發展趨勢。

1引言

2022年4月，國務院發布了《關于(yu)進(jin)一(yi)步釋放消(xiao)費(fei)潛(qian)力(li)(li)促進(jin)消(xiao)費(fei)持(chi)續(xu)恢復的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)意(yi)見》[1]。其中(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)大(da)力(li)(li)發展(zhan)(zhan)綠色(se)消(xiao)費(fei)提到(dao)(dao)提倡綠色(se)出行，推動公共服(fu)務汽(qi)(qi)車(che)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動化(hua)，同時(shi)(shi)支持(chi)新(xin)能(neng)(neng)(neng)源汽(qi)(qi)車(che)快速發展(zhan)(zhan)。而(er)當今電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動汽(qi)(qi)車(che)給(gei)(gei)人們帶來(lai)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)“路程(cheng)(cheng)困(kun)擾”是(shi)減緩其發展(zhan)(zhan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)一(yi)大(da)因(yin)素。造成此問題的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)主(zhu)要原因(yin)還是(shi)在(zai)(zai)于(yu)當前技(ji)(ji)術(shu)階段所能(neng)(neng)(neng)制造的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)能(neng)(neng)(neng)量密度(du)提升(sheng)緩慢，從而(er)使電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動汽(qi)(qi)車(che)可(ke)(ke)行駛路程(cheng)(cheng)不高，換(huan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)技(ji)(ji)術(shu)也因(yin)價格(ge)比較昂貴而(er)得不到(dao)(dao)普及，給(gei)(gei)消(xiao)費(fei)者帶來(lai)了很大(da)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)麻煩(fan)。在(zai)(zai)以現有科(ke)技(ji)(ji)無(wu)(wu)法對電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)能(neng)(neng)(neng)量密度(du)進(jin)行改進(jin)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)情(qing)況(kuang)(kuang)下，想要解(jie)決“里(li)程(cheng)(cheng)困(kun)擾”的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)最(zui)好方法還是(shi)進(jin)行間(jian)接(jie)(jie)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)模式，以此來(lai)達到(dao)(dao)解(jie)決電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動汽(qi)(qi)車(che)里(li)程(cheng)(cheng)較短，而(er)無(wu)(wu)線(xian)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)技(ji)(ji)術(shu)就是(shi)時(shi)(shi)代與科(ke)技(ji)(ji)高速發展(zhan)(zhan)下的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)選擇(ze)。對于(yu)汽(qi)(qi)車(che)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)來(lai)說(shuo)，充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)方法一(yi)般(ban)可(ke)(ke)以劃(hua)分為直接(jie)(jie)接(jie)(jie)觸(chu)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)形(xing)式和(he)無(wu)(wu)線(xian)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)形(xing)式[2]。無(wu)(wu)線(xian)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)或(huo)(huo)無(wu)(wu)線(xian)供電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)技(ji)(ji)術(shu)是(shi)一(yi)種以無(wu)(wu)線(xian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)波或(huo)(huo)者電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)磁場(chang)為載體在(zai)(zai)自(zi)由的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)空間(jian)中(zhong)對動力(li)(li)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)進(jin)行充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)技(ji)(ji)術(shu)。相較于(yu)之前廣泛使用(yong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)直接(jie)(jie)接(jie)(jie)觸(chu)技(ji)(ji)術(shu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，無(wu)(wu)線(xian)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)技(ji)(ji)術(shu)不僅(jin)(jin)僅(jin)(jin)可(ke)(ke)以減少(shao)甚(shen)至(zhi)省(sheng)去在(zai)(zai)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)線(xian)等直接(jie)(jie)連(lian)接(jie)(jie)裝(zhuang)置的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)費(fei)用(yong)，也可(ke)(ke)以巧妙的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)避免使用(yong)過(guo)程(cheng)(cheng)中(zhong)需反(fan)復拔插(cha)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)線(xian)而(er)出現的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)磨損或(huo)(huo)觸(chu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)情(qing)況(kuang)(kuang)，將自(zi)由、便(bian)捷(jie)和(he)安全等多個特性運(yun)用(yong)到(dao)(dao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)能(neng)(neng)(neng)傳輸(shu)之中(zhong)。無(wu)(wu)線(xian)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)技(ji)(ji)術(shu)具備傳輸(shu)能(neng)(neng)(neng)量時(shi)(shi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)高適應性，高可(ke)(ke)靠(kao)性和(he)高安全性等特點(dian)，并且不會被外(wai)在(zai)(zai)環境(jing)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)變化(hua)所影響，能(neng)(neng)(neng)夠滿足如今城市高速發展(zhan)(zhan)當中(zhong)人們對于(yu)汽(qi)(qi)車(che)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)時(shi)(shi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)需求(qiu)。

2無線充電技術的介紹

無(wu)線(xian)(xian)充(chong)電(dian)技術(shu)依照工作(zuo)原理可以(yi)將其劃分為(wei)[3]：（1）利(li)用(yong)電(dian)磁感應原理而制成的(de)(de)(de)(de)具備(bei)短距離大功率傳(chuan)輸能力的(de)(de)(de)(de)感應式無(wu)線(xian)(xian)充(chong)電(dian)設備(bei)；（2）在非(fei)輻射(she)交變磁場的(de)(de)(de)(de)耦(ou)合研究基礎之上而研發出的(de)(de)(de)(de)中距離無(wu)線(xian)(xian)充(chong)電(dian)技術(shu)；（3）將電(dian)能轉化為(wei)以(yi)頻率約為(wei)300MHZ到(dao)300GHZ之內的(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)磁波為(wei)載體，并以(yi)微(wei)波的(de)(de)(de)(de)形式發送給用(yong)電(dian)設備(bei)的(de)(de)(de)(de)接受天線(xian)(xian)，再經后期處理（微(wei)波整流）來達到(dao)遠距離無(wu)線(xian)(xian)充(chong)電(dian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)目的(de)(de)(de)(de)[4]。

2.1電磁感應式無線充電技術基本原理

電(dian)磁(ci)感(gan)應(ying)式(shi)無(wu)線充電(dian)技術的(de)開發基礎(chu)為(wei)電(dian)磁(ci)感(gan)應(ying)原理[5]，其(qi)運作(zuo)方式(shi)為(wei)當(dang)分別(bie)在車內(nei)和車外的(de)一(yi)、二次的(de)變(bian)壓(ya)器在距離較(jiao)近的(de)情(qing)況(kuang)下是，可以實現非接觸(chu)情(qing)況(kuang)下傳輸電(dian)能的(de)能力(li)。其(qi)特點是該技術為(wei)目(mu)前比較(jiao)成熟的(de)無(wu)線充電(dian)方式(shi)，并且(qie)有很大的(de)適應(ying)度。

2.2磁耦合式無線(xian)充(chong)電技(ji)術基(ji)本原(yuan)理(li)

磁(ci)耦合式(shi)無(wu)線充電技術(shu)是目(mu)前各(ge)大廠(chang)商普遍選擇(ze)的(de)無(wu)線充電技術(shu)[6]。其(qi)原理(li)為發電廠(chang)的(de)電能(neng)以電功率的(de)形式(shi)在車內外的(de)一(yi)、二(er)次感應(ying)線圈之間(jian)，以磁(ci)場耦合的(de)方式(shi)來進(jin)行(xing)輸(shu)送。該(gai)技術(shu)最大的(de)特點為可以以更高的(de)頻率進(jin)行(xing)能(neng)量輸(shu)送。

2.3微波式無線充電(dian)技術基本原理

微(wei)波(bo)式(shi)無(wu)線充電(dian)技術(shu)與(yu)其他方式(shi)的(de)(de)(de)無(wu)線充電(dian)技術(shu)相(xiang)比，有更遠(yuan)的(de)(de)(de)傳(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)輸距離[8]。其原(yuan)理利用的(de)(de)(de)類似(si)衛星的(de)(de)(de)接受原(yuan)理，將(jiang)電(dian)能轉化為微(wei)波(bo)，由發(fa)射端的(de)(de)(de)天線發(fa)射，再(zai)由汽(qi)(qi)車內的(de)(de)(de)接收端天線接受。但以目前的(de)(de)(de)發(fa)展水平，微(wei)波(bo)式(shi)無(wu)線充電(dian)技術(shu)存在較高工作(zuo)頻率區間和對設備(bei)要求嚴格的(de)(de)(de)特性并且系統(tong)的(de)(de)(de)電(dian)能轉換效率也僅為38%，所(suo)以微(wei)波(bo)技術(shu)的(de)(de)(de)傳(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)輸距離較長(chang)的(de)(de)(de)特性在電(dian)動汽(qi)(qi)車這種傳(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)輸較短的(de)(de)(de)場(chang)合并不適用。

3車企發展現狀

隨著(zhu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)子零部件性能(neng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)快(kuai)速(su)提(ti)高(gao)(gao)[9]，尤其(qi)(qi)是(shi)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)功(gong)率(lv)不(bu)斷上(shang)(shang)升使(shi)得越來(lai)越的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)汽(qi)(qi)(qi)車(che)(che)制造商將無(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)線(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)納入到(dao)自(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)己的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)產品之中，并且(qie)隨著(zhu)集成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)化程(cheng)度的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)提(ti)高(gao)(gao)，無(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)線(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)技(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)術(shu)也(ye)在(zai)(zai)小(xiao)型(xing)(xing)(xing)家用(yong)汽(qi)(qi)(qi)車(che)(che)當(dang)(dang)中開始運(yun)用(yong)。早在(zai)(zai)2018年，世(shi)界上(shang)(shang)第(di)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)款無(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)線(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)量產車(che)(che)型(xing)(xing)(xing)就由寶馬(ma)公(gong)司所制造。旗(qi)(qi)下(xia)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)530eiperformance車(che)(che)型(xing)(xing)(xing)也(ye)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)了(le)(le)(le)第(di)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)批無(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)線(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)車(che)(che)型(xing)(xing)(xing)，共取得了(le)(le)(le)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)千多(duo)臺(tai)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)訂單。在(zai)(zai)車(che)(che)輛(liang)靠近無(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)線(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)設(she)備時(shi)(shi)(shi)，系(xi)統(tong)(tong)會自(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)動(dong)(dong)打開位(wei)于(yu)底部的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)攝像頭，方便(bian)(bian)駕(jia)駛(shi)員進行(xing)(xing)定位(wei)。該車(che)(che)型(xing)(xing)(xing)搭(da)配的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)無(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)線(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)設(she)備充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)是(shi)可(ke)使(shi)效率(lv)達(da)(da)到(dao)85%并且(qie)功(gong)率(lv)達(da)(da)到(dao)3.2kw，可(ke)以(yi)將容(rong)量為(wei)9.4kwh的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)高(gao)(gao)壓(ya)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池組在(zai)(zai)3.5小(xiao)時(shi)(shi)(shi)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)滿，同(tong)時(shi)(shi)(shi)，該系(xi)統(tong)(tong)也(ye)裝備了(le)(le)(le)如物體(ti)探測和(he)生物保護等(deng)功(gong)能(neng)。圖1寶馬(ma)無(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)線(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)系(xi)統(tong)(tong)德國(guo)大(da)(da)眾集團為(wei)了(le)(le)(le)研(yan)發全新的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)汽(qi)(qi)(qi)車(che)(che)無(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)線(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)技(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)術(shu)，在(zai)(zai)2021年和(he)美國(guo)田(tian)納西大(da)(da)學諾斯(si)維(wei)克(ke)分校以(yi)及橡樹嶺(ling)國(guo)家實驗(yan)室開展(zhan)了(le)(le)(le)合(he)作(zuo)(zuo)[10]。據了(le)(le)(le)解(jie)，該新型(xing)(xing)(xing)技(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)術(shu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)雛形為(wei)保時(shi)(shi)(shi)捷Taycan車(che)(che)型(xing)(xing)(xing)上(shang)(shang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)高(gao)(gao)功(gong)率(lv)無(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)線(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)技(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)術(shu)。該合(he)作(zuo)(zuo)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)重點為(wei)將把原有(you)(you)(you)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)樁式有(you)(you)(you)線(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)改造成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)300KW的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)無(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)線(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)方式，測試表(biao)明該技(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)術(shu)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)功(gong)在(zai)(zai)10分鐘內完成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)Taycan電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)量的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)80%。2021年10月(yue)，一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)份來(lai)自(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)豐田(tian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)皮卡的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)部門的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)專(zhuan)利受到(dao)廣泛關注(zhu)，其(qi)(qi)專(zhuan)利的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)研(yan)究方向并非通常(chang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)設(she)備對電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)汽(qi)(qi)(qi)車(che)(che)進行(xing)(xing)無(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)線(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，而是(shi)在(zai)(zai)兩輛(liang)行(xing)(xing)駛(shi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)汽(qi)(qi)(qi)車(che)(che)當(dang)(dang)中進行(xing)(xing)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)能(neng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)傳輸，當(dang)(dang)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)輛(liang)汽(qi)(qi)(qi)車(che)(che)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)量不(bu)足時(shi)(shi)(shi)，另一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)輛(liang)汽(qi)(qi)(qi)車(che)(che)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)車(che)(che)主只要同(tong)意鏈接(jie)，即可(ke)實現無(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)線(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，該系(xi)統(tong)(tong)未來(lai)將會和(he)無(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)人(ren)駕(jia)駛(shi)相(xiang)匹配，做到(dao)在(zai)(zai)行(xing)(xing)駛(shi)過程(cheng)中不(bu)需要人(ren)為(wei)干涉即可(ke)找到(dao)最佳的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)傳輸路(lu)線(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)，以(yi)便(bian)(bian)達(da)(da)到(dao)最高(gao)(gao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)效率(lv)。2022年3月(yue)，沃(wo)爾沃(wo)公(gong)司也(ye)加入了(le)(le)(le)名為(wei)“哥(ge)德堡(bao)綠色城區”的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)無(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)線(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)汽(qi)(qi)(qi)車(che)(che)計(ji)劃[11]。其(qi)(qi)內容(rong)是(shi)在(zai)(zai)是(shi)在(zai)(zai)哥(ge)德堡(bao)市區內設(she)置多(duo)個無(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)線(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)實驗(yan)區域來(lai)配合(he)旗(qi)(qi)下(xia)搭(da)載(zai)(zai)40W無(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)線(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)技(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)術(shu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)純(chun)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)XC40。據了(le)(le)(le)解(jie)，該技(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)術(shu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)效率(lv)已經接(jie)近市面上(shang)(shang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)50w直流有(you)(you)(you)線(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)樁，為(wei)11w交流有(you)(you)(you)線(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)樁的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)四倍(bei)。在(zai)(zai)國(guo)內，2020年4月(yue)23日上(shang)(shang)汽(qi)(qi)(qi)榮威(wei)發布(bu)了(le)(le)(le)世(shi)界上(shang)(shang)第(di)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)款無(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)線(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)純(chun)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)車(che)(che)型(xing)(xing)(xing)，名為(wei)榮威(wei)MarvelX。同(tong)時(shi)(shi)(shi)，上(shang)(shang)汽(qi)(qi)(qi)榮威(wei)還表(biao)明要將目(mu)前已經掌(zhang)握(wo)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)無(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)線(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)技(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)術(shu)運(yun)用(yong)到(dao)別的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)車(che)(che)型(xing)(xing)(xing)上(shang)(shang)，達(da)(da)到(dao)技(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)術(shu)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)熟(shu)運(yun)用(yong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)目(mu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)。智(zhi)(zhi)已汽(qi)(qi)(qi)車(che)(che)在(zai)(zai)2021年的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)上(shang)(shang)海汽(qi)(qi)(qi)車(che)(che)展(zhan)上(shang)(shang)，向大(da)(da)家展(zhan)示了(le)(le)(le)旗(qi)(qi)下(xia)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)第(di)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)款純(chun)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)智(zhi)(zhi)能(neng)車(che)(che)型(xing)(xing)(xing)——智(zhi)(zhi)已L7。他擁有(you)(you)(you)雄厚的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)資(zi)金(jin)，同(tong)時(shi)(shi)(shi)在(zai)(zai)技(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)術(shu)和(he)市場(chang)上(shang)(shang)也(ye)有(you)(you)(you)更加廣闊的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)前景.智(zhi)(zhi)已L7配備了(le)(le)(le)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)套功(gong)率(lv)為(wei)11KW的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)無(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)線(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)設(she)備，同(tong)時(shi)(shi)(shi)還搭(da)載(zai)(zai)了(le)(le)(le)自(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)動(dong)(dong)定位(wei)和(he)自(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)動(dong)(dong)駕(jia)駛(shi)功(gong)能(neng)，當(dang)(dang)用(yong)戶將汽(qi)(qi)(qi)車(che)(che)停在(zai)(zai)無(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)線(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)裝置的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)附近時(shi)(shi)(shi)，即便(bian)(bian)用(yong)戶下(xia)車(che)(che)，智(zhi)(zhi)已L7可(ke)以(yi)通過車(che)(che)輛(liang)自(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)身的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)自(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)動(dong)(dong)駕(jia)駛(shi)停入車(che)(che)位(wei)，并自(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)行(xing)(xing)開始無(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)線(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)[12]。

4制造商發展現狀

中興(xing)截止(zhi)目前(qian)，已有(you)100多(duo)(duo)(duo)項關于(yu)無(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)線(xian)(xian)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)發明專(zhuan)利(li)和(he)(he)(he)(he)60多(duo)(duo)(duo)項與(yu)(yu)(yu)無(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)線(xian)(xian)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)技(ji)(ji)(ji)術及其配套技(ji)(ji)(ji)術的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)使(shi)用(yong)新型(xing)(xing)。其設備的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)功(gong)率(lv)已完(wan)全(quan)覆蓋從(cong)3KW到60KW的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)大(da)功(gong)率(lv)設備的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)需(xu)求。同時中興(xing)新能(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)科技(ji)(ji)(ji)有(you)限公(gong)司(si)(si)也(ye)共同推出(chu)了名為(wei)“智(zhi)慧無(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)線(xian)(xian)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)”的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)系統(tong)，該系統(tong)主要(yao)運用(yong)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)城市行(xing)駛的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)公(gong)交(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)(dong)汽(qi)車(che)(che)(che)上(shang)(shang)。如(ru)今，使(shi)用(yong)無(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)線(xian)(xian)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)技(ji)(ji)(ji)術來運營公(gong)交(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)汽(qi)車(che)(che)(che)線(xian)(xian)路已在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)全(quan)國(guo)如(ru)成都，貴陽(yang)等30多(duo)(duo)(duo)座(zuo)城市相繼(ji)開通(tong)。中興(xing)新能(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)公(gong)司(si)(si)也(ye)不斷朝著小型(xing)(xing)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)(dong)家(jia)用(yong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)(dong)汽(qi)車(che)(che)(che)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)無(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)線(xian)(xian)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)方面發展(zhan)，早在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)2015年(nian)(nian)，分離式和(he)(he)(he)(he)整體式的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)(dong)汽(qi)車(che)(che)(che)無(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)線(xian)(xian)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)系統(tong)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)小型(xing)(xing)家(jia)用(yong)汽(qi)車(che)(che)(che)上(shang)(shang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)設計問題就(jiu)被中興(xing)新能(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)公(gong)司(si)(si)攻克(ke)，并(bing)(bing)且與(yu)(yu)(yu)國(guo)內多(duo)(duo)(duo)家(jia)研(yan)發無(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)線(xian)(xian)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)廠家(jia)展(zhan)開合作(zuo)交(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)流。高(gao)通(tong)制(zhi)造(zao)商高(gao)通(tong)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)(dong)汽(qi)車(che)(che)(che)無(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)線(xian)(xian)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)行(xing)業的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)發展(zhan)也(ye)很迅速，2016年(nian)(nian)高(gao)通(tong)與(yu)(yu)(yu)一(yi)家(jia)名為(wei)BRUSA的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)企業開展(zhan)合作(zuo)。2017年(nian)(nian)，奔馳S550e便成為(wei)行(xing)業上(shang)(shang)第一(yi)款使(shi)用(yong)高(gao)通(tong)無(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)線(xian)(xian)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)技(ji)(ji)(ji)術的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)車(che)(che)(che)型(xing)(xing)，實現了車(che)(che)(che)子一(yi)停(ting)就(jiu)可以(yi)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)模式。同時，高(gao)通(tong)也(ye)與(yu)(yu)(yu)日產(chan)Leaf、本田Accord和(he)(he)(he)(he)雷諾(nuo)Fluence等多(duo)(duo)(duo)個(ge)車(che)(che)(che)型(xing)(xing)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)不斷的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)進(jin)行(xing)合作(zuo)并(bing)(bing)完(wan)成了測試。WiTricity2019年(nian)(nian)，WiTricity決(jue)定(ding)將halo部門的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)網絡協議資(zi)產(chan)和(he)(he)(he)(he)一(yi)部分高(gao)端(duan)創(chuang)新技(ji)(ji)(ji)術收(shou)入囊中。從(cong)市場來看，在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)協議達成之后，WiTricity將會擁有(you)高(gao)通(tong)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)無(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)線(xian)(xian)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)方面的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)技(ji)(ji)(ji)術和(he)(he)(he)(he)超過(guo)一(yi)千五(wu)百(bai)項關于(yu)汽(qi)車(che)(che)(che)無(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)線(xian)(xian)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)專(zhuan)利(li)和(he)(he)(he)(he)對應的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)專(zhuan)利(li)申請，如(ru)此一(yi)來，WiTricity可在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)大(da)量高(gao)端(duan)技(ji)(ji)(ji)術的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)加持下更快地(di)發展(zhan)無(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)線(xian)(xian)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)技(ji)(ji)(ji)術[6]。MomentumDynamics在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)2020年(nian)(nian)，具有(you)標志(zhi)性意義的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)公(gong)交(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)車(che)(che)(che)隊(dui)50MKW的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)無(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)線(xian)(xian)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)設備首次被MomentumDynamics運用(yong)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)了美國(guo)華盛頓(dun)州(zhou)韋納奇的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)純電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)公(gong)交(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)汽(qi)車(che)(che)(che)上(shang)(shang)。該技(ji)(ji)(ji)術為(wei)防止(zhi)大(da)功(gong)率(lv)無(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)線(xian)(xian)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)時出(chu)現功(gong)率(lv)損耗(hao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)現象，使(shi)用(yong)了并(bing)(bing)聯的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)方式來解決(jue)。MomentumDynamics系統(tong)中將每一(yi)塊無(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)線(xian)(xian)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)模塊的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)功(gong)率(lv)限制(zhi)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)75KW以(yi)下，并(bing)(bing)且使(shi)初級電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)感(gan)中的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流始終位于(yu)125A以(yi)下。如(ru)果需(xu)要(yao)提高(gao)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)效(xiao)率(lv)，只需(xu)把多(duo)(duo)(duo)個(ge)模塊組裝到一(yi)起即可滿足大(da)功(gong)率(lv)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)同時又減輕了功(gong)率(lv)損耗(hao)。

5動態無線充電技術的最新成果

2019年(nian)(nian)(nian)，瑞士建(jian)成了世界上(shang)第一條(tiao)動(dong)態(tai)無(wu)(wu)(wu)線(xian)(xian)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)公(gong)(gong)(gong)路(lu)(lu)。設計時(shi)將(jiang)銅制的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)磁感應線(xian)(xian)圈埋在(zai)道(dao)路(lu)(lu)下方來(lai)(lai)防止司(si)(si)機駕駛(shi)時(shi)收到(dao)(dao)視覺影(ying)響(xiang)。2020年(nian)(nian)(nian)，這條(tiao)公(gong)(gong)(gong)路(lu)(lu)成功通過Electreon公(gong)(gong)(gong)司(si)(si)對載(zai)重40t的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)純電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)卡車(che)(che)(che)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)動(dong)態(tai)無(wu)(wu)(wu)線(xian)(xian)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)性能(neng)測驗。這也(ye)標志這這條(tiao)公(gong)(gong)(gong)路(lu)(lu)成為(wei)(wei)世界上(shang)首條(tiao)可(ke)以(yi)對純電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)卡車(che)(che)(che)和公(gong)(gong)(gong)交汽車(che)(che)(che)進(jin)行動(dong)態(tai)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)非測試性道(dao)路(lu)(lu)。這次測試的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)主要內容是(shi)證明了45KW的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)無(wu)(wu)(wu)線(xian)(xian)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)置(zhi)在(zai)30KM/h的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)最(zui)高(gao)(gao)速(su)度(du)下進(jin)行動(dong)態(tai)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)可(ke)行性[13]。Electreon也(ye)宣布(bu)在(zai)未來(lai)(lai)會將(jiang)無(wu)(wu)(wu)線(xian)(xian)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)時(shi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)功率(lv)和受電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)車(che)(che)(che)輛的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)最(zui)高(gao)(gao)行駛(shi)速(su)度(du)不斷提(ti)高(gao)(gao)，達到(dao)(dao)以(yi)125KW的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)功率(lv)對普通高(gao)(gao)速(su)公(gong)(gong)(gong)路(lu)(lu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)車(che)(che)(che)速(su)進(jin)行無(wu)(wu)(wu)線(xian)(xian)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)。2021年(nian)(nian)(nian)，全(quan)(quan)球第四大汽車(che)(che)(che)制造商的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)Stellantis建(jian)成了名為(wei)(wei)“ArenadelFuturo”的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)汽車(che)(che)(che)動(dong)態(tai)無(wu)(wu)(wu)線(xian)(xian)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)測試公(gong)(gong)(gong)路(lu)(lu)。這條(tiao)公(gong)(gong)(gong)路(lu)(lu)全(quan)(quan)長1050m，在(zai)道(dao)路(lu)(lu)內部設有充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)功率(lv)為(wei)(wei)1MW的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)無(wu)(wu)(wu)線(xian)(xian)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)設備(bei)，但是(shi)進(jin)行無(wu)(wu)(wu)線(xian)(xian)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)時(shi)仍需(xu)要特殊的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)接受裝(zhuang)(zhuang)置(zhi)。電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)測試公(gong)(gong)(gong)路(lu)(lu)2020年(nian)(nian)(nian)，重慶大學，江蘇方天電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力技(ji)術(shu)有限公(gong)(gong)(gong)司(si)(si)以(yi)及廣西電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)有限責任公(gong)(gong)(gong)司(si)(si)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力科(ke)學院共同研(yan)發(fa)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)無(wu)(wu)(wu)線(xian)(xian)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)置(zhi)亮相[14]。該發(fa)明將(jiang)無(wu)(wu)(wu)線(xian)(xian)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)置(zhi)做(zuo)成筆記本大小的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)形狀鋪設在(zai)道(dao)路(lu)(lu)上(shang)發(fa)射高(gao)(gao)頻率(lv)磁場，當感應到(dao)(dao)受電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)車(che)(che)(che)輛時(shi)，每個單獨的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)供電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)置(zhi)便會啟動(dong)。正因如(ru)此，該技(ji)術(shu)可(ke)以(yi)使電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)磁暴露降低到(dao)(dao)4μT以(yi)下。目前，該型(xing)無(wu)(wu)(wu)線(xian)(xian)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)設備(bei)已經可(ke)以(yi)實現有效(xiao)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)距(ju)離(li)為(wei)(wei)27cm并(bing)且能(neng)夠以(yi)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)達到(dao)(dao)94%的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)效(xiao)率(lv)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)條(tiao)件下為(wei)(wei)120KM/h的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)最(zui)高(gao)(gao)行駛(shi)速(su)度(du)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)車(che)(che)(che)輛進(jin)行動(dong)態(tai)無(wu)(wu)(wu)線(xian)(xian)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)。

6無線充電在電動汽車方面的發展趨勢

隨著無(wu)線充(chong)電技術和配套(tao)產業的不斷發展[15]，無(wu)論是(shi)公共(gong)汽車還是(shi)小(xiao)型(xing)的家(jia)庭用車都將(jiang)會以(yi)高效率，通用性(xing)，智能(neng)化，集成(cheng)化，聯網(wang)化為目標去不斷發展。

6.1高效率

如今，無(wu)線充電(dian)的(de)方(fang)式有許(xu)多種，但要(yao)(yao)做到持續的(de)高效率輸電(dian)來縮(suo)短充電(dian)時(shi)間，需要(yao)(yao)對設(she)(she)備的(de)散熱性能和對電(dian)網的(de)利用率進行(xing)分析(xi)和應對策略(lve)的(de)研究。同時(shi)也需解決在動態無(wu)線充電(dian)的(de)發(fa)展中(zhong)單個輸電(dian)裝(zhuang)置(zhi)的(de)傳輸面積小，受電(dian)設(she)(she)備和輸電(dian)設(she)(she)備對接精度較高的(de)問題。

6.2通用性

目前試驗的(de)中的(de)大功率無(wu)(wu)線(xian)(xian)充(chong)電(dian)道路都需配(pei)備特殊(shu)的(de)無(wu)(wu)線(xian)(xian)充(chong)電(dian)系統，不(bu)同(tong)的(de)無(wu)(wu)線(xian)(xian)充(chong)電(dian)系統的(de)充(chong)電(dian)性(xing)能不(bu)完全相同(tong)，但是(shi)隨著無(wu)(wu)線(xian)(xian)充(chong)電(dian)路面(mian)技術的(de)成熟[5]，實(shi)際應用當中便會出現不(bu)同(tong)的(de)受電(dian)設(she)(she)備與不(bu)同(tong)的(de)輸電(dian)設(she)(she)備無(wu)(wu)法相互匹配(pei)，因(yin)此無(wu)(wu)線(xian)(xian)充(chong)電(dian)發展的(de)過(guo)程中需要注意不(bu)同(tong)系統之(zhi)間(jian)的(de)通用性(xing)。

6.3智能化

無線充電(dian)(dian)(dian)技術的(de)(de)智能化包括對受電(dian)(dian)(dian)設(she)備和充電(dian)(dian)(dian)設(she)備的(de)(de)智能優(you)化[16]。如在充電(dian)(dian)(dian)時可以自(zi)(zi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)對電(dian)(dian)(dian)池進(jin)行診(zhen)斷(duan)與故障排查和以及對電(dian)(dian)(dian)池電(dian)(dian)(dian)量的(de)(de)管(guan)理。同時無線充電(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)(dong)汽車(che)可以通過(guo)無線充電(dian)(dian)(dian)設(she)備的(de)(de)定位裝置進(jin)行自(zi)(zi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)駕駛和自(zi)(zi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)充電(dian)(dian)(dian)。對于公共(gong)車(che)位，充電(dian)(dian)(dian)完畢時可以自(zi)(zi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)移(yi)出車(che)位，給(gei)下(xia)一輛(liang)準(zhun)備充電(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)(dong)汽車(che)使(shi)用。

6.4聯網化

通(tong)過車(che)上的(de)定位裝(zhuang)置可(ke)以做(zuo)到對(dui)交通(tong)情況(kuang)(kuang)的(de)大數據分析即(ji)可(ke)為(wei)駕駛員提(ti)(ti)供(gong)(gong)最佳路(lu)線。同時結合車(che)聯(lian)網(wang)(wang)的(de)電動(dong)汽車(che)可(ke)以做(zuo)到車(che)與車(che)，車(che)與路(lu)面設(she)施(shi)的(de)網(wang)(wang)絡連接，為(wei)汽車(che)提(ti)(ti)供(gong)(gong)實(shi)時的(de)路(lu)況(kuang)(kuang)數據，為(wei)自動(dong)駕駛提(ti)(ti)供(gong)(gong)有力條件。

7結語

無(wu)線充電(dian)(dian)技(ji)術經過(guo)了數十(shi)年的(de)(de)發(fa)現，目前也不(bu)(bu)(bu)斷向(xiang)著(zhu)(zhu)商業化(hua)(hua)進發(fa)。同時(shi)電(dian)(dian)動汽車(che)的(de)(de)市(shi)場保有量(liang)不(bu)(bu)(bu)斷上升[17]。高效率，智能化(hua)(hua)的(de)(de)無(wu)線充電(dian)(dian)技(ji)術也逐漸成為(wei)發(fa)展(zhan)的(de)(de)主流(liu)[7]，也成為(wei)了自動駕駛和自動停車(che)的(de)(de)必(bi)不(bu)(bu)(bu)可(ke)少的(de)(de)技(ji)術。隨著(zhu)(zhu)車(che)企(qi)和國家的(de)(de)不(bu)(bu)(bu)斷重(zhong)視，相信(xin)不(bu)(bu)(bu)久便(bian)可(ke)以看到(dao)無(wu)線充電(dian)(dian)技(ji)術的(de)(de)全面應用。

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作者:范天騁 張越 陸一凡 單位:常熟理工學(xue)院(yuan)