導語(yu)：容積法的(de)年(nian)徑流總量控制率精細化(hua)計算(suan)一文(wen)來源(yuan)于網(wang)友上傳，不代(dai)表本站觀(guan)點，若(ruo)需要原創文(wen)章可(ke)咨詢客服老師，歡迎(ying)參考。

摘要:年徑流總量控制率作為低影響開發(LID)系統構建的首要控制目標,其計算關系到低影響開發設施的規模,目前常用的計算方法主要為模型模擬法和容積法。為了便于設計人員操作并提高計算精度,構建了一種基于容積法的年徑流總量控制率精細化計算方法,以(yi)生(sheng)物滯留單元、下(xia)凹式綠(lv)地、透水鋪(pu)裝、綠(lv)地屋(wu)頂及蓄水池5種(zhong)典(dian)型LID設施(shi)組(zu)合的(de)(de)精(jing)細(xi)化(hua)計算為基礎,以(yi)不(bu)同(tong)下(xia)墊面為布置的(de)(de)邊界條(tiao)件,試算滿(man)足(zu)多種(zhong)類型用地的(de)(de)年(nian)徑流總(zong)量(liang)(liang)控制目(mu)標。同(tong)時(shi),根據(ju)配置的(de)(de)設施(shi)規模求取了年(nian)SS總(zong)量(liang)(liang)控制率。

關鍵詞:容積法;低影響開發設(she)施(shi);年(nian)徑流總量控制率(lv);精細(xi)化計算

0前言

年(nian)徑(jing)(jing)流(liu)總(zong)量(liang)控制率作為(wei)LID系統(tong)構(gou)建的(de)(de)(de)首要(yao)控制目(mu)標(biao),不(bu)論是在(zai)規劃階段(duan)的(de)(de)(de)指(zhi)標(biao)分解(jie)還是在(zai)設計階段(duan)的(de)(de)(de)設施(shi)(shi)(shi)規模確(que)定,均需要(yao)對其進行(xing)計算(suan)(suan)(suan),目(mu)前(qian)常用的(de)(de)(de)計算(suan)(suan)(suan)方法(fa)(fa)(fa)主要(yao)為(wei)容(rong)積(ji)法(fa)(fa)(fa)和模型模擬法(fa)(fa)(fa)。容(rong)積(ji)法(fa)(fa)(fa)是根據目(mu)標(biao)年(nian)徑(jing)(jing)流(liu)總(zong)量(liang)控制率對應的(de)(de)(de)設計降雨(yu)量(liang)求取場(chang)地所需的(de)(de)(de)調蓄(xu)總(zong)容(rong)積(ji),再(zai)通過LID設施(shi)(shi)(shi)的(de)(de)(de)調蓄(xu)容(rong)積(ji)進行(xing)匹配,不(bu)斷(duan)試算(suan)(suan)(suan)以(yi)滿足(zu)目(mu)標(biao)要(yao)求。模型模擬法(fa)(fa)(fa)是通過在(zai)匯水區(qu)內添加(jia)LID設施(shi)(shi)(shi),并可指(zhi)定設施(shi)(shi)(shi)對應的(de)(de)(de)服務區(qu)域,通過概化分解(jie)LID設施(shi)(shi)(shi)為(wei)不(bu)同層(ceng)次(ci),跟蹤水在(zai)每一(yi)層(ceng)的(de)(de)(de)移動和存儲,建立進水量(liang)、蒸發(fa)、下滲、徑(jing)(jing)流(liu)及暗渠排放(fang)的(de)(de)(de)水量(liang)平衡,確(que)定控制的(de)(de)(de)徑(jing)(jing)流(liu)量(liang),以(yi)模擬出場(chang)地的(de)(de)(de)徑(jing)(jing)流(liu)總(zong)量(liang)控制率。兩種(zhong)計算(suan)(suan)(suan)方法(fa)(fa)(fa)目(mu)前(qian)在(zai)國內均有應用,相比(bi)之(zhi)下容(rong)積(ji)法(fa)(fa)(fa)計算(suan)(suan)(suan)較(jiao)(jiao)為(wei)簡(jian)便,工程人員容(rong)易掌握(wo),但精度(du)不(bu)如模型法(fa)(fa)(fa);模型法(fa)(fa)(fa)精度(du)較(jiao)(jiao)高,但模型建立較(jiao)(jiao)為(wei)復雜,設計耗時較(jiao)(jiao)長。為(wei)此,本文擬建立一(yi)種(zhong)基于容(rong)積(ji)法(fa)(fa)(fa)的(de)(de)(de)LID設施(shi)(shi)(shi)年(nian)徑(jing)(jing)流(liu)總(zong)量(liang)精細化計算(suan)(suan)(suan)方法(fa)(fa)(fa),并形成(cheng)較(jiao)(jiao)易操作的(de)(de)(de)電(dian)子計算(suan)(suan)(suan)表格,供同行(xing)參考。

1年徑流總量控制率的容積法計算流程

依據(ju)《海綿城市建設(she)(she)(she)技術指(zhi)南(nan)-低影響(xiang)開(kai)發(fa)雨(yu)(yu)水(shui)系(xi)統(tong)構建(試行(xing))》(以下(xia)簡稱《指(zhi)南(nan)》),容(rong)積(ji)法計(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)算(suan)(suan)一般分為(wei)以下(xia)步(bu)驟:①確定年(nian)徑(jing)流(liu)(liu)(liu)總(zong)量(liang)控制(zhi)(zhi)目(mu)標(biao)和設(she)(she)(she)計(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)降(jiang)雨(yu)(yu)量(liang)H。②結(jie)合項目(mu)具(ju)體情況,如(ru)各地塊的(de)(de)(de)(de)用(yong)地性質、功(gong)能(neng)定位(wei)(wei)和規(gui)(gui)劃設(she)(she)(she)計(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)方(fang)案等條件,初步(bu)制(zhi)(zhi)定可行(xing)的(de)(de)(de)(de)低影響(xiang)開(kai)發(fa)措施(shi)(shi)(shi)組合方(fang)案及各措施(shi)(shi)(shi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)占地面積(ji)。③根據(ju)φ=∑Fiφi/∑F計(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)算(suan)(suan)各地塊的(de)(de)(de)(de)綜合徑(jing)流(liu)(liu)(liu)系(xi)數,其中,φi為(wei)第i類(lei)匯水(shui)面的(de)(de)(de)(de)雨(yu)(yu)量(liang)徑(jing)流(liu)(liu)(liu)系(xi)數,Fi為(wei)i類(lei)匯水(shui)面的(de)(de)(de)(de)面積(ji),hm2。④根據(ju)年(nian)徑(jing)流(liu)(liu)(liu)總(zong)量(liang)控制(zhi)(zhi)目(mu)標(biao)對應(ying)的(de)(de)(de)(de)設(she)(she)(she)計(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)降(jiang)雨(yu)(yu)量(liang),計(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)算(suan)(suan)設(she)(she)(she)計(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)調(diao)蓄(xu)容(rong)積(ji)V;V=10HφF;其中,H為(wei)年(nian)徑(jing)流(liu)(liu)(liu)總(zong)量(liang)控制(zhi)(zhi)率對應(ying)的(de)(de)(de)(de)設(she)(she)(she)計(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)降(jiang)雨(yu)(yu),mm;φ為(wei)綜合雨(yu)(yu)量(liang)徑(jing)流(liu)(liu)(liu)系(xi)數;F為(wei)匯水(shui)面積(ji),hm2。⑤確定單項LID設(she)(she)(she)施(shi)(shi)(shi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)參數,并計(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)算(suan)(suan)單位(wei)(wei)面積(ji)設(she)(she)(she)施(shi)(shi)(shi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)調(diao)蓄(xu)容(rong)積(ji),其計(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)算(suan)(suan)原則(ze)(ze)應(ying)滿足《指(zhi)南(nan)》中4.8.1的(de)(de)(de)(de)計(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)算(suan)(suan)要(yao)求。⑥校驗(yan)步(bu)驟5中的(de)(de)(de)(de)單項設(she)(she)(she)施(shi)(shi)(shi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)蓄(xu)水(shui)容(rong)積(ji)總(zong)和能(neng)否滿足步(bu)驟④中的(de)(de)(de)(de)設(she)(she)(she)計(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)調(diao)蓄(xu)容(rong)積(ji);若不能(neng)滿足,則(ze)(ze)需調(diao)整(zheng)LID設(she)(she)(she)施(shi)(shi)(shi)規(gui)(gui)模(mo)(mo)或參數直至滿足。根據(ju)上述流(liu)(liu)(liu)程,主要(yao)考(kao)慮對單項LID設(she)(she)(she)施(shi)(shi)(shi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)調(diao)蓄(xu)能(neng)力進行(xing)精細(xi)化計(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)算(suan)(suan),結(jie)合模(mo)(mo)型模(mo)(mo)擬法的(de)(de)(de)(de)LID設(she)(she)(she)施(shi)(shi)(shi)層次(ci)結(jie)構(表面層、土壤層、填料層、排水(shui)層),考(kao)慮將填洼、下(xia)滲、蓄(xu)水(shui)納(na)入計(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)算(suan)(suan)。

2LID單項設施的控制徑流量精細化計算

LID設施主要可(ke)分(fen)(fen)(fen)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)生物滯留單(dan)元(yuan)(yuan)、下(xia)(xia)凹(ao)式(shi)綠(lv)地(di)(di)、透(tou)(tou)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)鋪(pu)(pu)裝(zhuang)、綠(lv)色屋(wu)(wu)頂(ding)(ding)(ding)、滲(shen)渠(qu)、植草(cao)溝(gou)、調(diao)(diao)節塘、蓄(xu)(xu)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)池(chi)等類別。依據《指南(nan)(nan)》4.8.1,調(diao)(diao)節塘對(dui)徑(jing)(jing)流總量(liang)(liang)(liang)削(xue)減沒有(you)(you)貢獻,其(qi)(qi)(qi)調(diao)(diao)節容(rong)(rong)積(ji)(ji)(ji)不(bu)計入;植草(cao)溝(gou)、滲(shen)渠(qu)等對(dui)徑(jing)(jing)流總量(liang)(liang)(liang)削(xue)減貢獻較小,其(qi)(qi)(qi)調(diao)(diao)蓄(xu)(xu)容(rong)(rong)積(ji)(ji)(ji)也不(bu)應(ying)計入。透(tou)(tou)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)鋪(pu)(pu)裝(zhuang)及(ji)(ji)綠(lv)色屋(wu)(wu)頂(ding)(ding)(ding)參(can)與綜合雨量(liang)(liang)(liang)徑(jing)(jing)流系數(shu)的(de)(de)(de)計算,《指南(nan)(nan)》提出其(qi)(qi)(qi)結(jie)構(gou)容(rong)(rong)積(ji)(ji)(ji)一般不(bu)計入,為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)提高容(rong)(rong)積(ji)(ji)(ji)法計算的(de)(de)(de)精確度(du),將二者的(de)(de)(de)結(jie)構(gou)容(rong)(rong)積(ji)(ji)(ji)以(yi)(yi)及(ji)(ji)綠(lv)色屋(wu)(wu)頂(ding)(ding)(ding)的(de)(de)(de)護堤蓄(xu)(xu)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)高度(du)納(na)(na)入計算。因此,文章主要考慮生物滯留單(dan)元(yuan)(yuan)、下(xia)(xia)凹(ao)式(shi)綠(lv)地(di)(di)、透(tou)(tou)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)鋪(pu)(pu)裝(zhuang)、綠(lv)色屋(wu)(wu)頂(ding)(ding)(ding)和蓄(xu)(xu)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)池(chi)(其(qi)(qi)(qi)蓄(xu)(xu)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)容(rong)(rong)積(ji)(ji)(ji)直接作為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)調(diao)(diao)蓄(xu)(xu)容(rong)(rong)積(ji)(ji)(ji))五(wu)種單(dan)體設施。(1)生物滯留單(dan)元(yuan)(yuan)可(ke)分(fen)(fen)(fen)解為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)表(biao)面(mian)(mian)層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)、土(tu)壤(rang)(rang)(rang)層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)、填(tian)料層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)及(ji)(ji)排水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng),其(qi)(qi)(qi)能消納(na)(na)的(de)(de)(de)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)量(liang)(liang)(liang)包(bao)括(kuo)表(biao)面(mian)(mian)層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)的(de)(de)(de)蓄(xu)(xu)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(Vg)、土(tu)壤(rang)(rang)(rang)及(ji)(ji)填(tian)料結(jie)構(gou)空隙(xi)的(de)(de)(de)蓄(xu)(xu)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(Vs)以(yi)(yi)及(ji)(ji)下(xia)(xia)滲(shen)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(Vi)三部分(fen)(fen)(fen)。下(xia)(xia)凹(ao)式(shi)綠(lv)地(di)(di)可(ke)分(fen)(fen)(fen)解為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)表(biao)面(mian)(mian)層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)和土(tu)壤(rang)(rang)(rang)層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng),其(qi)(qi)(qi)能消納(na)(na)的(de)(de)(de)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)量(liang)(liang)(liang)包(bao)括(kuo)下(xia)(xia)凹(ao)深(shen)度(du)的(de)(de)(de)蓄(xu)(xu)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(Vg)以(yi)(yi)及(ji)(ji)土(tu)壤(rang)(rang)(rang)下(xia)(xia)滲(shen)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(Vi)兩部分(fen)(fen)(fen)。透(tou)(tou)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)鋪(pu)(pu)裝(zhuang)可(ke)分(fen)(fen)(fen)解為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)路面(mian)(mian)層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(面(mian)(mian)層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)、基層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)和墊(dian)層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng))以(yi)(yi)及(ji)(ji)排水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng),其(qi)(qi)(qi)消納(na)(na)的(de)(de)(de)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)量(liang)(liang)(liang)包(bao)括(kuo)路面(mian)(mian)結(jie)構(gou)孔(kong)隙(xi)的(de)(de)(de)蓄(xu)(xu)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)量(liang)(liang)(liang)以(yi)(yi)及(ji)(ji)下(xia)(xia)滲(shen)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)量(liang)(liang)(liang),考慮透(tou)(tou)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)鋪(pu)(pu)裝(zhuang)已納(na)(na)入雨量(liang)(liang)(liang)徑(jing)(jing)流系數(shu),僅(jin)計算其(qi)(qi)(qi)孔(kong)隙(xi)蓄(xu)(xu)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)量(liang)(liang)(liang)。透(tou)(tou)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)鋪(pu)(pu)裝(zhuang)單(dan)位面(mian)(mian)積(ji)(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)(de)調(diao)(diao)蓄(xu)(xu)容(rong)(rong)積(ji)(ji)(ji)V3=hgng+hjnj+hdnd。其(qi)(qi)(qi)中,hg為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)面(mian)(mian)層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)厚度(du),m;ng為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)面(mian)(mian)層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)有(you)(you)效孔(kong)隙(xi)率;hj為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)透(tou)(tou)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)基層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)厚度(du),m;nj為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)透(tou)(tou)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)基層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)有(you)(you)效孔(kong)隙(xi)率;hd為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)透(tou)(tou)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)墊(dian)層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)厚度(du),m;nd為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)透(tou)(tou)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)墊(dian)層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)有(you)(you)效孔(kong)隙(xi)率。(4)綠(lv)色屋(wu)(wu)頂(ding)(ding)(ding)可(ke)分(fen)(fen)(fen)解為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)表(biao)面(mian)(mian)層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)、土(tu)壤(rang)(rang)(rang)層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)和排水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng),其(qi)(qi)(qi)消納(na)(na)的(de)(de)(de)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)量(liang)(liang)(liang)包(bao)括(kuo)屋(wu)(wu)頂(ding)(ding)(ding)護堤的(de)(de)(de)蓄(xu)(xu)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)量(liang)(liang)(liang)、土(tu)壤(rang)(rang)(rang)層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)結(jie)構(gou)孔(kong)隙(xi)的(de)(de)(de)蓄(xu)(xu)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)量(liang)(liang)(liang)以(yi)(yi)及(ji)(ji)下(xia)(xia)滲(shen)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)量(liang)(liang)(liang),考慮綠(lv)色屋(wu)(wu)頂(ding)(ding)(ding)已納(na)(na)入雨量(liang)(liang)(liang)徑(jing)(jing)流系數(shu),僅(jin)計算護堤蓄(xu)(xu)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)量(liang)(liang)(liang)及(ji)(ji)其(qi)(qi)(qi)孔(kong)隙(xi)蓄(xu)(xu)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)量(liang)(liang)(liang)。綠(lv)色屋(wu)(wu)頂(ding)(ding)(ding)單(dan)位面(mian)(mian)積(ji)(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)(de)調(diao)(diao)蓄(xu)(xu)容(rong)(rong)積(ji)(ji)(ji)V4=hm+ndf。

3年污染物總量去除率計算

根據《指(zhi)南》,在城市徑(jing)(jing)(jing)流污染物中,SS與(yu)(yu)其(qi)他污染物具有一定的(de)相(xiang)關性(xing),一般采(cai)用SS作為徑(jing)(jing)(jing)流污染物的(de)控(kong)制(zhi)指(zhi)標,年(nian)(nian)SS總量(liang)去除率(lv)可(ke)按式(4)計(ji)(ji)算:年(nian)(nian)SS總量(liang)去除率(lv)=年(nian)(nian)徑(jing)(jing)(jing)流總量(liang)控(kong)制(zhi)率(lv)×LID設(she)施對(dui)SS的(de)平均(jun)去除率(lv)(4)在LID設(she)施的(de)調蓄(xu)容積(ji)計(ji)(ji)算完成后,即(ji)可(ke)得出(chu)實(shi)際的(de)年(nian)(nian)徑(jing)(jing)(jing)流總量(liang)控(kong)制(zhi)率(lv),因此(ci),重點在于(yu)如何確定多項設(she)施共同作用下的(de)設(she)施平均(jun)去除率(lv)。擬采(cai)用各設(she)施SS去除率(lv)按照其(qi)對(dui)應的(de)調蓄(xu)容積(ji)加權的(de)方法確定。由于(yu)透水鋪裝和綠色屋頂參(can)與(yu)(yu)徑(jing)(jing)(jing)流系數(shu)的(de)計(ji)(ji)算,因此(ci)有部分容積(ji)未體現在LID的(de)計(ji)(ji)算調蓄(xu)容積(ji)之(zhi)內(nei),但實(shi)際上對(dui)徑(jing)(jing)(jing)流污染的(de)去除起到了效果,應將其(qi)納入(ru)設(she)施的(de)控(kong)制(zhi)容積(ji)之(zhi)中進行加權。

4徑流總量控制率計算表格建立

4.1用地類型、下墊(dian)面類型與(yu)LID設施(shi)的映(ying)射(she)關(guan)系

具體(ti)項(xiang)目中往往包(bao)(bao)含(han)很多地(di)(di)(di)塊,如果每個地(di)(di)(di)塊都逐一確(que)定(ding)(ding)下(xia)(xia)墊(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)面(mian)(mian)(mian)參數(shu)及對應(ying)的(de)LID設(she)(she)施(shi)規模,將(jiang)會有巨大(da)的(de)工作(zuo)量。在(zai)規劃設(she)(she)計中,一般會對同(tong)(tong)種(zhong)類(lei)型(xing)的(de)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)地(di)(di)(di)進行(xing)統一化處理(li),根(gen)據用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)地(di)(di)(di)類(lei)型(xing)的(de)不(bu)同(tong)(tong)確(que)定(ding)(ding)下(xia)(xia)墊(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)面(mian)(mian)(mian)比例(li)。本文擬在(zai)計算表中建立用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)地(di)(di)(di)類(lei)型(xing)庫,包(bao)(bao)含(han)居住用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)地(di)(di)(di)(R)、公共(gong)(gong)管理(li)與公共(gong)(gong)服務(wu)設(she)(she)施(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)地(di)(di)(di)(A)、商業服務(wu)業設(she)(she)施(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)地(di)(di)(di)(B)、工業用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)地(di)(di)(di)(M)、道路與交通設(she)(she)施(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)地(di)(di)(di)(S)、公共(gong)(gong)設(she)(she)施(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)地(di)(di)(di)(U)、綠地(di)(di)(di)與廣場(chang)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)地(di)(di)(di)(G)共(gong)(gong)8大(da)類(lei)。將(jiang)下(xia)(xia)墊(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)面(mian)(mian)(mian)類(lei)型(xing)分為(wei)(wei):道路廣場(chang)、綠地(di)(di)(di)、屋面(mian)(mian)(mian)、水面(mian)(mian)(mian)。不(bu)同(tong)(tong)類(lei)型(xing)的(de)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)地(di)(di)(di)配(pei)置不(bu)同(tong)(tong)比例(li)的(de)下(xia)(xia)墊(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)面(mian)(mian)(mian)種(zhong)類(lei),研究(jiu)范(fan)圍內(nei)不(bu)同(tong)(tong)下(xia)(xia)墊(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)面(mian)(mian)(mian)的(de)總(zong)面(mian)(mian)(mian)積(ji)為(wei)(wei):S下(xia)(xia)墊(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)面(mian)(mian)(mian)=∑用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)地(di)(di)(di)類(lei)型(xing)S用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)地(di)(di)(di)×P下(xia)(xia)墊(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)面(mian)(mian)(mian)其中S用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)地(di)(di)(di)為(wei)(wei)各種(zhong)類(lei)型(xing)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)地(di)(di)(di)的(de)面(mian)(mian)(mian)積(ji),P下(xia)(xia)墊(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)面(mian)(mian)(mian)為(wei)(wei)該(gai)類(lei)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)地(di)(di)(di)指定(ding)(ding)下(xia)(xia)墊(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)面(mian)(mian)(mian)所占的(de)比值(zhi)。除水面(mian)(mian)(mian)外的(de)三種(zhong)下(xia)(xia)墊(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)面(mian)(mian)(mian)均(jun)可配(pei)置LID設(she)(she)施(shi),下(xia)(xia)墊(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)面(mian)(mian)(mian)與LID設(she)(she)施(shi)的(de)映射關系見圖1。

4.2計算(suan)表格構建邏輯

徑流(liu)(liu)總(zong)量(liang)控制(zhi)(zhi)率(lv)(lv)計算表(biao)格的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)構建邏輯是基于容(rong)積(ji)(ji)(ji)法的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)目標(biao)(biao)導向試算方法,并在計算表(biao)內添加用地(di)(di)(di)(di)類(lei)型、下墊面(mian)(mian)類(lei)型、LID精細化計算參數,通過對(dui)輸(shu)入(ru)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)LID設(she)施規模不斷計算直到滿足(zu)要求(qiu),整(zheng)(zheng)體計算流(liu)(liu)程(cheng)如圖(tu)2所示(shi)。將模型計算表(biao)分(fen)為6個區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)域(yu):用地(di)(di)(di)(di)面(mian)(mian)積(ji)(ji)(ji)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)、控制(zhi)(zhi)目標(biao)(biao)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)、LID參數區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)、LID配(pei)置區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)、配(pei)置檢驗區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)和(he)結果輸(shu)出(chu)(chu)(chu)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)。現(xian)(xian)對(dui)各區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)功能進行分(fen)別介紹。用地(di)(di)(di)(di)面(mian)(mian)積(ji)(ji)(ji)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu):體現(xian)(xian)用地(di)(di)(di)(di)面(mian)(mian)積(ji)(ji)(ji)與下墊面(mian)(mian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)映射(she)關系(xi),在該區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)輸(shu)入(ru)研究(jiu)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)域(yu)各類(lei)型用地(di)(di)(di)(di)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)面(mian)(mian)積(ji)(ji)(ji),即可根據對(dui)應(ying)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)下墊面(mian)(mian)比例輸(shu)出(chu)(chu)(chu)各類(lei)下墊面(mian)(mian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)總(zong)面(mian)(mian)積(ji)(ji)(ji)。控制(zhi)(zhi)目標(biao)(biao)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu):體現(xian)(xian)年(nian)徑流(liu)(liu)總(zong)量(liang)控制(zhi)(zhi)率(lv)(lv)目標(biao)(biao)與設(she)計降(jiang)(jiang)雨量(liang)之間的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)關系(xi),根據鄒(zou)寒等[3]對(dui)年(nian)徑流(liu)(liu)總(zong)量(liang)控制(zhi)(zhi)率(lv)(lv)與設(she)計降(jiang)(jiang)雨量(liang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)擬合結果,輸(shu)入(ru)年(nian)徑流(liu)(liu)總(zong)量(liang)控制(zhi)(zhi)率(lv)(lv),輸(shu)出(chu)(chu)(chu)設(she)計降(jiang)(jiang)雨量(liang)。LID參數區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu):體現(xian)(xian)LID設(she)施的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)基本(ben)參數與其單位面(mian)(mian)積(ji)(ji)(ji)調(diao)(diao)蓄(xu)容(rong)積(ji)(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)關系(xi),可根據具(ju)體研究(jiu)范圍調(diao)(diao)整(zheng)(zheng)輸(shu)入(ru)設(she)施的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)初始參數值,以(yi)更符合具(ju)體工程(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)真實情況,各項設(she)施輸(shu)出(chu)(chu)(chu)單位面(mian)(mian)積(ji)(ji)(ji)上的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)控制(zhi)(zhi)容(rong)積(ji)(ji)(ji)。LID配(pei)置區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu):主(zhu)要為輸(shu)入(ru)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu),由設(she)計人員輸(shu)入(ru)各單項設(she)施的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)配(pei)置面(mian)(mian)積(ji)(ji)(ji),輸(shu)出(chu)(chu)(chu)LID設(she)施的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)總(zong)調(diao)(diao)蓄(xu)容(rong)積(ji)(ji)(ji)。配(pei)置檢驗區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu):輸(shu)出(chu)(chu)(chu)配(pei)置面(mian)(mian)積(ji)(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)合理性,若LID設(she)施配(pei)置未(wei)超(chao)出(chu)(chu)(chu)下墊面(mian)(mian)限制(zhi)(zhi),則(ze)輸(shu)出(chu)(chu)(chu)“OK”;否則(ze)輸(shu)出(chu)(chu)(chu)提示(shi)信息,提示(shi)減(jian)少對(dui)應(ying)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)LID設(she)施配(pei)置面(mian)(mian)積(ji)(ji)(ji)。結果輸(shu)出(chu)(chu)(chu)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu):輸(shu)出(chu)(chu)(chu)當前配(pei)置工況下的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)下凹式綠地(di)(di)(di)(di)率(lv)(lv)、透水(shui)鋪裝率(lv)(lv)、綠色屋頂(ding)率(lv)(lv)、LID項目的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)總(zong)占地(di)(di)(di)(di)面(mian)(mian)積(ji)(ji)(ji)、實際控制(zhi)(zhi)降(jiang)(jiang)雨量(liang)、實際年(nian)徑流(liu)(liu)控制(zhi)(zhi)率(lv)(lv)等指(zhi)標(biao)(biao)。

4.3計(ji)算表格示例

為(wei)便(bian)于(yu)同(tong)行參考借鑒及改進(jin),本(ben)文(wen)提供(gong)LID設(she)(she)施(shi)計(ji)算(suan)(suan)表格的(de)樣表,見圖(tu)3。5結語文(wen)章(zhang)構建了一(yi)種基于(yu)容積(ji)法的(de)年徑流總(zong)量控制圖(tu)3LID設(she)(she)施(shi)計(ji)算(suan)(suan)Fig.3CalculationofLIDfacilities率精細化(hua)計(ji)算(suan)(suan)方法,將(jiang)生物滯留單(dan)元(yuan)、下(xia)凹式綠(lv)地、透水鋪裝、綠(lv)地屋頂(ding)及蓄(xu)水池(chi)(chi)5種典型LID設(she)(she)施(shi)按照(zhao)表面(mian)層、土壤層、蓄(xu)水池(chi)(chi)和排水層分(fen)解,將(jiang)填洼、下(xia)滲、蓄(xu)水納入考慮(lv)進(jin)行精細化(hua)計(ji)算(suan)(suan)。同(tong)時通過用地類型、下(xia)墊(dian)面(mian)類型及各種設(she)(she)施(shi)的(de)映射關系建立了電子計(ji)算(suan)(suan)表格,為(wei)LID設(she)(she)施(shi)精細化(hua)計(ji)算(suan)(suan)提供(gong)了方便(bian)。

作者:王震 吳(wu)晗 單位(wei):南昌市城市規(gui)劃設計研究總(zong)院