導語(yu)：輔助(zhu)穩樁平臺(tai)單樁基礎(chu)施(shi)工(gong)技術分析一(yi)文(wen)來源于網(wang)友上傳，不代表本站(zhan)觀點，若(ruo)需要原創文(wen)章可咨詢客服老(lao)師，歡迎參考(kao)。

摘要:為解決傳統鋼桁架穩樁平臺自重大、運輸成本高、工期長等問題，經反復研究提出了一種自升式輔助穩樁平臺大直徑單樁基礎施工技術。對自升式(shi)輔助(zhu)穩(wen)樁(zhuang)平臺(tai)大直徑單樁(zhuang)基礎施(shi)工工藝流程(cheng)，輔助(zhu)穩(wen)樁(zhuang)平臺(tai)的駐位、施(shi)工船(chuan)舶駐位、運樁(zhuang)船(chuan)靠泊、鋼管樁(zhuang)起吊翻身、鋼管樁(zhuang)吊裝入(ru)龍口、自沉及壓錘、內平臺(tai)安裝等(deng)7項(xiang)關鍵施(shi)工技術也做了充分的研究，研究成(cheng)果有效地解(jie)決了傳統鋼桁架(jia)穩(wen)樁(zhuang)平臺(tai)存在的諸多問題。

關鍵詞:海上(shang)風電;自升(sheng)式(shi)平(ping)臺(tai);大直徑(jing)單樁

目前我國大直(zhi)(zhi)徑無過(guo)渡段(duan)單樁(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)傳(chuan)統工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)藝流程是(shi)(shi):①主起(qi)重(zhong)船(chuan)拋錨駐位，鋼桁架(jia)結(jie)構穩(wen)(wen)樁(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)臺(tai)(tai)(tai)及(ji)(ji)輔(fu)(fu)助樁(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)運輸船(chuan)靠泊;②掛鉤起(qi)吊穩(wen)(wen)樁(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)臺(tai)(tai)(tai)吊放調(diao)(diao)(diao)平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)，起(qi)吊插入(ru)輔(fu)(fu)助樁(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(4根)開始振沉(chen)(chen);③提(ti)升(sheng)(sheng)輔(fu)(fu)助平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)臺(tai)(tai)(tai)，采用反吊焊(han)接等方式(shi)(shi)進(jin)行(xing)(xing)加(jia)固穩(wen)(wen)定，打開龍(long)口(抱樁(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)器(qi));④起(qi)吊大直(zhi)(zhi)徑工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程樁(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)翻身植樁(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)，自(zi)沉(chen)(chen)結(jie)束(shu)后(hou)加(jia)錘(包(bao)括替打法蘭或替打段(duan))，將管(guan)樁(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)沉(chen)(chen)至設計(ji)標高(gao)，過(guo)程中測(ce)量(liang)控制垂(chui)直(zhi)(zhi)度(du)(du)，如有(you)(you)高(gao)應變檢測(ce)，遵照設計(ji)要求及(ji)(ji)檢測(ce)規范執行(xing)(xing)［1－5］。許多學者對穩(wen)(wen)樁(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)臺(tai)(tai)(tai)沉(chen)(chen)樁(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)藝進(jin)行(xing)(xing)研(yan)究［6－10］。但是(shi)(shi)，傳(chuan)統式(shi)(shi)鋼桁架(jia)結(jie)構穩(wen)(wen)樁(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)臺(tai)(tai)(tai)依然存在下列(lie)問(wen)題:①傳(chuan)統鋼桁架(jia)穩(wen)(wen)樁(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)臺(tai)(tai)(tai)自(zi)重(zhong)較(jiao)(jiao)大，需起(qi)重(zhong)船(chuan)舶(bo)吊放駐位，調(diao)(diao)(diao)平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)及(ji)(ji)施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)難度(du)(du)較(jiao)(jiao)大，運輸成本較(jiao)(jiao)高(gao);②傳(chuan)統輔(fu)(fu)助穩(wen)(wen)樁(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)臺(tai)(tai)(tai)配套輔(fu)(fu)助樁(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)需逐(zhu)根振沉(chen)(chen)，提(ti)升(sheng)(sheng)平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)臺(tai)(tai)(tai)加(jia)固作業等施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)時間較(jiao)(jiao)長;③輔(fu)(fu)助樁(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)使用頻次達(da)到一(yi)定程度(du)(du)后(hou)容易出現管(guan)口卷邊(bian)等情況(kuang)，需進(jin)行(xing)(xing)樁(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)身切割(ge)及(ji)(ji)加(jia)長處理。而自(zi)升(sheng)(sheng)式(shi)(shi)穩(wen)(wen)樁(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)臺(tai)(tai)(tai)有(you)(you)著如下優點:①通(tong)過(guo)優化平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)臺(tai)(tai)(tai)吊放轉運工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)序(xu)，能夠提(ti)高(gao)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)效，且機動性強;②調(diao)(diao)(diao)平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)效率高(gao)，輔(fu)(fu)助穩(wen)(wen)樁(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)臺(tai)(tai)(tai)水平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)度(du)(du)調(diao)(diao)(diao)整數字化，確保工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程樁(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)垂(chui)直(zhi)(zhi)度(du)(du)控制;③機位平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)面定位精(jing)度(du)(du)高(gao)，減小(xiao)施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)難度(du)(du)，降低測(ce)量(liang)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作量(liang)。因此，對海上風(feng)電(dian)自(zi)升(sheng)(sheng)式(shi)(shi)輔(fu)(fu)助穩(wen)(wen)樁(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)臺(tai)(tai)(tai)大直(zhi)(zhi)徑單樁(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)基礎(chu)施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)技術(shu)研(yan)究有(you)(you)一(yi)定意(yi)義。結(jie)合江(jiang)蘇(su)啟東海上風(feng)電(dian)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程，對自(zi)升(sheng)(sheng)式(shi)(shi)輔(fu)(fu)助穩(wen)(wen)樁(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)臺(tai)(tai)(tai)大直(zhi)(zhi)徑單樁(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)基礎(chu)沉(chen)(chen)樁(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)技術(shu)進(jin)行(xing)(xing)研(yan)究，為類似工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程提(ti)供參考。

1工程概況

H3號海(hai)(hai)上(shang)風(feng)(feng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)場(chang)(chang)區中(zhong)心離岸距離約(yue)37km，海(hai)(hai)底地形變(bian)化較為平緩，水深在10～16m之間。H3號場(chang)(chang)區形狀呈梯形，東西(xi)長(chang)約(yue)16km，南北寬約(yue)2．7km，規劃場(chang)(chang)區面積約(yue)43km2，本項目共布置50臺風(feng)(feng)力發(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機組(zu)，規劃裝機容(rong)量300MW。配套建設1座220kV海(hai)(hai)上(shang)升壓(ya)站，與H1號、H2號風(feng)(feng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)場(chang)(chang)共用1座陸上(shang)集控中(zhong)心，風(feng)(feng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)場(chang)(chang)由(you)12回35kV海(hai)(hai)底電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)纜匯流至(zhi)海(hai)(hai)上(shang)升壓(ya)站，經2臺220/35kV變(bian)壓(ya)器(180MVA)升壓(ya)后由(you)2回220kV海(hai)(hai)底電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)纜登陸接至(zhi)風(feng)(feng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)場(chang)(chang)220kV陸上(shang)集控中(zhong)心。

2施工流程

大直徑(jing)單樁(zhuang)基(ji)礎施(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)工(gong)(gong)(gong)藝流程:施(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)準備→測量(liang)定位→自(zi)升式穩(wen)樁(zhuang)平臺駐位→施(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)船(chuan)舶駐位→運樁(zhuang)船(chuan)靠泊→鋼管樁(zhuang)起(qi)吊翻身→吊裝入(ru)龍口→自(zi)沉及壓錘→錘擊沉樁(zhuang)→內(nei)平臺安(an)裝→高應變檢測及無損(sun)檢測→自(zi)升式平臺降船(chuan)→到(dao)下一機位施(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)。

3施工方案

3．1自(zi)升式輔助穩(wen)樁平臺駐位

自升(sheng)(sheng)式輔助平(ping)(ping)臺(tai)采用(yong)駁船(chuan)搭載(zai)GPS錨泊定位(wei)系統，至機位(wei)旁5m左右(you)開始(shi)下(xia)錨，前后(hou)(hou)均(jun)采用(yong)八字錨且(qie)垂(chui)直向外45°進(jin)行(xing)下(xia)錨，將(jiang)機位(wei)理論坐標輸(shu)入GPS定位(wei)系統，之后(hou)(hou)通(tong)過絞錨的方式進(jin)行(xing)精確(que)定位(wei)，并進(jin)行(xing)調(diao)整，船(chuan)舶定位(wei)平(ping)(ping)面(mian)偏差控(kong)制在300mm以(yi)內。經測(ce)量人員(yuan)復核(he)誤(wu)差在設計(ji)要求范(fan)圍內(小于(yu)等于(yu)500mm)，則(ze)利用(yong)液壓頂升(sheng)(sheng)系統進(jin)行(xing)樁(zhuang)(zhuang)腿(tui)頂升(sheng)(sheng)，頂升(sheng)(sheng)過程依次調(diao)整樁(zhuang)(zhuang)腿(tui)行(xing)程，防(fang)止造成頂升(sheng)(sheng)困(kun)難或(huo)結構損(sun)壞。以(yi)設計(ji)鋼管樁(zhuang)(zhuang)標高(gao)(+13m)為(wei)參照，上層抱樁(zhuang)(zhuang)器頂標高(gao)設置(zhi)為(wei)+21．0m。當整體平(ping)(ping)臺(tai)提升(sheng)(sheng)到位(wei)后(hou)(hou)，通(tong)過操作樁(zhuang)(zhuang)腿(tui)液壓系統頂升(sheng)(sheng)承載(zai)力以(yi)及頂升(sheng)(sheng)高(gao)度進(jin)行(xing)平(ping)(ping)臺(tai)水平(ping)(ping)度精確(que)調(diao)平(ping)(ping)，四角高(gao)差不大于(yu)10mm。

3．2施工(gong)船舶駐位(wei)

施(shi)工現(xian)場(chang)為(wei)外(wai)海(hai)無掩護(hu)作業，海(hai)況(kuang)條件(jian)惡劣(lie)，首先采用浮漂(piao)確(que)(que)定施(shi)工機位(wei)(wei)位(wei)(wei)置，以確(que)(que)保鋼樁平面位(wei)(wei)置在允許(xu)偏差范圍(wei)內。自升式穩樁平臺定位(wei)(wei)完成后(hou)，施(shi)工船(chuan)舶駐(zhu)位(wei)(wei)示意(yi)圖見圖1。主起重船(chuan)駐(zhu)位(wei)(wei)與穩樁平臺左前方船(chuan)間平行距離約為(wei)20m，前后(hou)均采用八字錨(mao)且(qie)前錨(mao)垂直向外(wai)60°，后(hou)錨(mao)垂直向外(wai)45.

3．3運(yun)樁船靠泊

施工(gong)船(chuan)(chuan)舶駐位(wei)完(wan)成后，運樁船(chuan)(chuan)逆水流情況下沿既定拋錨定位(wei)路(lu)線駛入，通(tong)過拖輪或(huo)錨艇(ting)(ting)協助完(wan)成方位(wei)調整，船(chuan)(chuan)艏(shou)通(tong)過纜繩與(yu)主起重船(chuan)(chuan)連接，平行(xing)布置(zhi)，靠泊在主吊船(chuan)(chuan)下風區域，隨(sui)后使用錨艇(ting)(ting)為(wei)船(chuan)(chuan)艉拋兩口8字錨，完(wan)成運樁船(chuan)(chuan)駐位(wei)。

3．4鋼(gang)管(guan)樁起吊(diao)翻(fan)身

主(zhu)(zhu)起重(zhong)(zhong)船(chuan)2個主(zhu)(zhu)鉤(gou)(gou)負責主(zhu)(zhu)吊(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)任務，索(suo)具掛鋼(gang)(gang)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)樁(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)上吊(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)耳(er)(er)(er)，副(fu)鉤(gou)(gou)負責抬(tai)吊(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)輔助翻(fan)(fan)轉(zhuan)立樁(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)，索(suo)具掛鋼(gang)(gang)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)樁(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)下吊(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)耳(er)(er)(er)，通過(guo)主(zhu)(zhu)鉤(gou)(gou)起副(fu)鉤(gou)(gou)落的(de)操作(zuo)實現(xian)鋼(gang)(gang)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)樁(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)翻(fan)(fan)轉(zhuan)豎(shu)立，起吊(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)之(zhi)前(qian)在(zai)吊(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)耳(er)(er)(er)外(wai)邊緣(yuan)纏繞多(duo)層(ceng)土工布，避(bi)(bi)免在(zai)吊(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)裝(zhuang)過(guo)程中(zhong)破(po)壞吊(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)耳(er)(er)(er)外(wai)邊緣(yuan)的(de)防腐涂料，并連接纜風繩(sheng)，有利于鋼(gang)(gang)絲(si)繩(sheng)的(de)摘除和(he)保護(hu)，將(jiang)副(fu)鉤(gou)(gou)鋼(gang)(gang)絲(si)繩(sheng)和(he)卡(ka)環(huan)連接完畢后(hou)，通過(guo)卡(ka)環(huan)連接樁(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)底翻(fan)(fan)身吊(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)耳(er)(er)(er)，主(zhu)(zhu)副(fu)鉤(gou)(gou)協同作(zuo)業，將(jiang)鋼(gang)(gang)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)樁(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)平吊(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)離(li)開甲(jia)板(ban)面(mian)。當樁(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)完全離(li)開運樁(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)駁(bo)甲(jia)板(ban)10cm且(qie)呈水(shui)平狀(zhuang)態時(shi)，暫停起吊(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)，檢查鋼(gang)(gang)絲(si)繩(sheng)受(shou)力(li)情況，無異常后(hou)繼續起吊(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)，待鋼(gang)(gang)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)樁(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)抬(tai)起離(li)運樁(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)方駁(bo)約(yue)1m后(hou)，運樁(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)駁(bo)起錨并離(li)開吊(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)樁(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)施工范(fan)圍(wei)。然后(hou)將(jiang)鋼(gang)(gang)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)樁(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)緩(huan)緩(huan)放(fang)到水(shui)面(mian)附近(jin)，并利用水(shui)深進行翻(fan)(fan)樁(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)。期間，鋼(gang)(gang)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)樁(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)仍應保持水(shui)平狀(zhuang)態，主(zhu)(zhu)起重(zhong)(zhong)船(chuan)主(zhu)(zhu)鉤(gou)(gou)逐漸(jian)上升副(fu)鉤(gou)(gou)逐漸(jian)放(fang)低直(zhi)至不受(shou)力(li)。翻(fan)(fan)樁(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)過(guo)程中(zhong)，84樁(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)底距離(li)海(hai)床面(mian)應留有2m左右的(de)安全距離(li)，避(bi)(bi)免鋼(gang)(gang)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)樁(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)突(tu)然觸底導致主(zhu)(zhu)鉤(gou)(gou)脫鉤(gou)(gou)，待鋼(gang)(gang)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)樁(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)呈豎(shu)直(zhi)狀(zhuang)態后(hou)，解除副(fu)鉤(gou)(gou)約(yue)束(shu)，完成翻(fan)(fan)樁(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)。

3．5鋼管樁(zhuang)吊裝入龍口

在(zai)鋼(gang)管(guan)(guan)樁(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)翻身直(zhi)立后，主起重(zhong)船(chuan)通(tong)(tong)過(guo)(guo)人工將(jiang)卸扣銷軸拉出的(de)方(fang)式，使(shi)副鉤(gou)抬吊(diao)的(de)索(suo)具脫離樁(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)管(guan)(guan)吊(diao)耳，并通(tong)(tong)過(guo)(guo)絞錨(mao)使(shi)主起重(zhong)船(chuan)移到與(yu)(yu)自升(sheng)式穩樁(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)平(ping)臺(tai)(tai)同一中(zhong)軸線上，然后再(zai)通(tong)(tong)過(guo)(guo)船(chuan)首八字錨(mao)絞錨(mao)調(diao)整(zheng)主起重(zhong)船(chuan)與(yu)(yu)穩樁(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)平(ping)臺(tai)(tai)的(de)距(ju)離，使(shi)鋼(gang)管(guan)(guan)樁(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)進(jin)入(ru)龍口(kou)(kou)，然后抱(bao)(bao)(bao)樁(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)器進(jin)行抱(bao)(bao)(bao)合。翻樁(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)完(wan)成后，主起重(zhong)船(chuan)吊(diao)住(zhu)鋼(gang)管(guan)(guan)樁(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)，通(tong)(tong)過(guo)(guo)松緊(jin)錨(mao)鏈(lian)調(diao)整(zheng)樁(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)身平(ping)面位置并同時(shi)調(diao)整(zheng)樁(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)身方(fang)向(xiang)。移樁(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)期間，起重(zhong)船(chuan)應與(yu)(yu)導(dao)向(xiang)架保持(chi)至(zhi)少2m的(de)安(an)全距(ju)離。入(ru)龍口(kou)(kou)前，將(jiang)8臺(tai)(tai)千斤頂(ding)伸縮(suo)量(liang)調(diao)至(zhi)最小，以(yi)保證鋼(gang)管(guan)(guan)樁(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)能順利進(jin)入(ru)龍口(kou)(kou)，進(jin)入(ru)龍口(kou)(kou)后，在(zai)抱(bao)(bao)(bao)樁(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)器上的(de)經緯(wei)儀(yi)觀(guan)察架立點處分(fen)別布設1臺(tai)(tai)經緯(wei)儀(yi)，并在(zai)兩個約成80°的(de)方(fang)向(xiang)上觀(guan)測鋼(gang)管(guan)(guan)樁(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)樁(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)身垂(chui)直(zhi)度，通(tong)(tong)過(guo)(guo)升(sheng)降主鉤(gou)、扒桿(gan)轉動及(ji)調(diao)節千斤頂(ding)，將(jiang)鋼(gang)管(guan)(guan)樁(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)的(de)垂(chui)直(zhi)度調(diao)整(zheng)至(zhi)1‰以(yi)內，最后調(diao)整(zheng)千斤頂(ding)的(de)伸縮(suo)量(liang)，完(wan)成鋼(gang)管(guan)(guan)樁(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)樁(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)身預抱(bao)(bao)(bao)緊(jin)工作。

3．6自沉及壓錘

鋼(gang)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)樁(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)垂(chui)(chui)直(zhi)度(du)調(diao)整至(zhi)(zhi)設計(ji)值以內(nei)后，主(zhu)(zhu)鉤緩(huan)慢(man)下(xia)(xia)放，鋼(gang)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)樁(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)開始自(zi)(zi)(zi)沉(chen)。應(ying)(ying)注(zhu)意的是(shi)，在鋼(gang)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)樁(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)接觸泥面的過(guo)(guo)程中(zhong)，如(ru)(ru)下(xia)(xia)沉(chen)速度(du)過(guo)(guo)快(kuai)，易造成鋼(gang)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)樁(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)受(shou)(shou)土阻(zu)力(li)(li)影響而提前脫鉤，故(gu)自(zi)(zi)(zi)沉(chen)過(guo)(guo)程中(zhong)，應(ying)(ying)時(shi)刻觀(guan)察起重船(chuan)的起重量(liang)變化(hua)不(bu)(bu)應(ying)(ying)過(guo)(guo)快(kuai)。自(zi)(zi)(zi)沉(chen)過(guo)(guo)程中(zhong)持續(xu)使用(yong)2臺(tai)經緯儀對鋼(gang)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)樁(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)樁(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)身(shen)垂(chui)(chui)直(zhi)度(du)進(jin)行(xing)實時(shi)觀(guan)測。如(ru)(ru)自(zi)(zi)(zi)沉(chen)過(guo)(guo)程中(zhong)，樁(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)身(shen)垂(chui)(chui)直(zhi)度(du)超出設計(ji)允(yun)許(xu)值，則(ze)通過(guo)(guo)提升(sheng)、下(xia)(xia)降(jiang)主(zhu)(zhu)鉤及調(diao)節千斤頂重新(xin)將鋼(gang)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)樁(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)垂(chui)(chui)直(zhi)度(du)調(diao)整至(zhi)(zhi)設計(ji)值內(nei)并繼續(xu)自(zi)(zi)(zi)沉(chen)。如(ru)(ru)偏差(cha)過(guo)(guo)大(超出1‰)，則(ze)將鋼(gang)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)樁(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)抬離泥面，待鋼(gang)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)樁(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)樁(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)身(shen)處于(yu)自(zi)(zi)(zi)由垂(chui)(chui)直(zhi)狀態后，再重新(xin)下(xia)(xia)放。鋼(gang)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)樁(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)自(zi)(zi)(zi)沉(chen)無(wu)進(jin)尺(chi)后，主(zhu)(zhu)鉤慢(man)慢(man)減少(shao)受(shou)(shou)力(li)(li)直(zhi)至(zhi)(zhi)完全不(bu)(bu)受(shou)(shou)力(li)(li)時(shi)，靜置觀(guan)察5min以上，如(ru)(ru)無(wu)異常(chang)，則(ze)下(xia)(xia)放主(zhu)(zhu)鉤并解除吊(diao)索(suo)具約束(shu)。樁(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)自(zi)(zi)(zi)沉(chen)完畢(bi)后，主(zhu)(zhu)鉤用(yong)鋼(gang)絲(si)繩配卡環(huan)連接沖(chong)擊(ji)錘頂吊(diao)點，將錘套好(hao)，然(ran)后吊(diao)至(zhi)(zhi)樁(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)頂并開始壓(ya)錘。壓(ya)錘及沉(chen)樁(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)時(shi)將吊(diao)錘鋼(gang)絲(si)繩完全下(xia)(xia)方，需使用(yong)克(ke)令吊(diao)及吊(diao)袋(dai)輔(fu)助托吊(diao)沖(chong)擊(ji)錘油(you)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)，油(you)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)下(xia)(xia)安裝(zhuang)移動(dong)萬向滑輪，防止(zhi)油(you)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)磨損。

3．7內平臺安裝

沉樁完成后，起重船吊機(ji)將內(nei)(nei)平(ping)臺(tai)及相關物料(螺栓(shuan)(shuan)、噴(pen)(pen)(pen)鋅(xin)、密封膠等)吊至樁頂并進行安裝，4名施工人員(yuan)通過爬梯進入內(nei)(nei)平(ping)臺(tai)，根據鋼管樁出場標記(ji)的(de)內(nei)(nei)平(ping)臺(tai)安裝線與內(nei)(nei)平(ping)臺(tai)上的(de)標記(ji)對齊，擰緊內(nei)(nei)平(ping)臺(tai)螺栓(shuan)(shuan)，涂(tu)(tu)抹密封膠。內(nei)(nei)平(ping)臺(tai)脫鉤(gou)后，使用相同(tong)吊索具將替打(da)法蘭掛鉤(gou)并吊回至船甲板。替打(da)法蘭拆除(chu)后，施工人員(yuan)噴(pen)(pen)(pen)涂(tu)(tu)噴(pen)(pen)(pen)鋅(xin)，2～3名測(ce)量(liang)員(yuan)進入內(nei)(nei)平(ping)臺(tai)進行樁頂法蘭水平(ping)度測(ce)量(liang)。

4結語

為(wei)解(jie)決傳(chuan)統鋼(gang)桁架穩樁(zhuang)(zhuang)平(ping)臺(tai)(tai)(tai)自(zi)重較大，運(yun)輸成本較高，施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)時間較長等(deng)問(wen)題，提出(chu)一種海(hai)上(shang)風(feng)(feng)電(dian)(dian)自(zi)升式(shi)(shi)輔(fu)(fu)助(zhu)穩樁(zhuang)(zhuang)平(ping)臺(tai)(tai)(tai)大直徑單樁(zhuang)(zhuang)基(ji)礎(chu)施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)技術(shu)。首(shou)先，總結我國目前海(hai)上(shang)風(feng)(feng)電(dian)(dian)大直徑無過渡段單樁(zhuang)(zhuang)施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)傳(chuan)統工(gong)(gong)藝(yi)(yi)(yi)流程，并總結傳(chuan)統式(shi)(shi)鋼(gang)桁架結構(gou)穩樁(zhuang)(zhuang)平(ping)臺(tai)(tai)(tai)依然存在的(de)問(wen)題。其(qi)次(ci)，提出(chu)自(zi)升式(shi)(shi)輔(fu)(fu)助(zhu)穩樁(zhuang)(zhuang)平(ping)臺(tai)(tai)(tai)大直徑單樁(zhuang)(zhuang)基(ji)礎(chu)施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)工(gong)(gong)藝(yi)(yi)(yi)流程。最后，提出(chu)自(zi)升式(shi)(shi)輔(fu)(fu)助(zhu)穩樁(zhuang)(zhuang)平(ping)臺(tai)(tai)(tai)駐位、施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)船舶駐位、運(yun)樁(zhuang)(zhuang)船靠泊、鋼(gang)管樁(zhuang)(zhuang)起吊翻身、鋼(gang)管樁(zhuang)(zhuang)吊裝(zhuang)入(ru)龍口、自(zi)沉及壓錘、內平(ping)臺(tai)(tai)(tai)安等(deng)7項關鍵(jian)施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)技術(shu)。本工(gong)(gong)法(fa)成功運(yun)用于江蘇華(hua)威啟東(dong)H1號海(hai)上(shang)風(feng)(feng)電(dian)(dian)場(chang)項目和(he)啟東(dong)華(hua)爾(er)銳啟東(dong)H3號海(hai)上(shang)風(feng)(feng)電(dian)(dian)場(chang)項目，克服了(le)海(hai)上(shang)風(feng)(feng)電(dian)(dian)項目“搶裝(zhuang)潮”嚴(yan)峻(jun)形勢下(xia)船機設備(bei)緊(jin)張、傳(chuan)統輔(fu)(fu)助(zhu)穩樁(zhuang)(zhuang)平(ping)臺(tai)(tai)(tai)工(gong)(gong)序繁雜、工(gong)(gong)期緊(jin)張等(deng)施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)難(nan)點，逐步成為(wei)單樁(zhuang)(zhuang)基(ji)礎(chu)施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)主(zhu)要工(gong)(gong)藝(yi)(yi)(yi)方法(fa)，施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)質量、安全(quan)、進(jin)度效益(yi)明(ming)顯(xian)，具有廣(guang)闊(kuo)的(de)推廣(guang)應用前景。

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［4］毛以雷，杜瑞剛，田博宇．海上風電大(da)直徑嵌巖單樁雙護筒鉆(zhan)孔(kong)施工技術［J］．中(zhong)國港灣(wan)建(jian)設，2021，41(10):55－59

［5］王海(hai)波．海(hai)上風電場(chang)工(gong)程鉆機單樁施工(gong)技術［J］．工(gong)程機械與維修，2020(6):78－79

［6］張智博，盧浩，邱嶼，等．海上風電多樁穩樁平臺的施工設計與安全性分析［J］．交通(tong)科(ke)技，2021(4):155－160

［7］王國平(ping)．獨立式單樁(zhuang)定位穩樁(zhuang)平(ping)臺的優化(hua)與應用［J］．船舶工程，2021，43(z1):90－93，100

［8］毛(mao)金銳．外(wai)海超(chao)大型鋼(gang)管(guan)樁(zhuang)沉樁(zhuang)穩樁(zhuang)平臺設計與應用［J］．鐵(tie)道建筑技術，2021(6):85－89

［9］王俊杰，黃艷紅，張成芹．自升式穩樁(zhuang)(zhuang)平臺單(dan)樁(zhuang)(zhuang)施工(gong)技術研究(jiu)與(yu)應用(yong)［J］．中國港(gang)灣建設(she)，2020，40(5):70－74

 ［10］杜志(zhi)強(qiang)，張(zhang)躍輝．移(yi)動式穩樁平臺在(zai)海上風電單(dan)樁基礎沉樁中的應用［J］．江蘇建材，2019(z2):39－41

作者：周國(guo)興 張金發 張震宇 葛暢 單位：中國(guo)電建集團華東勘(kan)測設計研究院(yuan)有(you)(you)限公(gong)司(si) 浙江(jiang)華東工程(cheng)咨(zi)詢有(you)(you)限公(gong)司(si) 浙江(jiang)大學海洋學院(yuan)