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摘要：首先簡述(shu)了雙連(lian)拱隧道(dao)中(zhong)隔墻結(jie)構特(te)點(dian)，然后(hou)對雙連(lian)拱隧道(dao)中(zhong)隔墻斷面類(lei)型及施(shi)工(gong)要點(dian)進行了分析，同時(shi)結(jie)合項目實例(li)綜合研究了雙連(lian)拱隧道(dao)中(zhong)隔墻施(shi)工(gong)技(ji)術，主要包含(han)了測量(liang)放樣(yang)、基底找平(ping)、鋼(gang)筋制作、混凝土澆(jiao)筑以及養生等，為類(lei)似項目施(shi)工(gong)提供(gong)參考與借鑒(jian)。

關鍵詞：雙連(lian)拱隧(sui)道；中隔墻；施(shi)工技術

１雙連拱隧道中隔墻結構簡述

通(tong)過(guo)分析(xi)公路(lu)隧(sui)道(dao)建設現(xian)狀(zhuang)發現(xian)，其普遍采(cai)用(yong)(yong)的(de)(de)是雙(shuang)(shuang)連(lian)(lian)拱(gong)隧(sui)道(dao)類型。與(yu)分離(li)式隧(sui)道(dao)對比分析(xi)，雙(shuang)(shuang)連(lian)(lian)拱(gong)隧(sui)道(dao)具備較(jiao)大的(de)(de)空間利用(yong)(yong)率，洞(dong)口(kou)選擇方案多(duo)，而(er)且適用(yong)(yong)在洞(dong)口(kou)地(di)形相(xiang)對狹(xia)小的(de)(de)中(zhong)(zhong)短(duan)隧(sui)道(dao)。但是雙(shuang)(shuang)連(lian)(lian)拱(gong)隧(sui)道(dao)施(shi)工(gong)(gong)環節(jie)比較(jiao)多(duo)，在具體施(shi)工(gong)(gong)中(zhong)(zhong)必(bi)須交錯實(shi)施(shi)開挖與(yu)支護，而(er)這會增加圍巖應力(li)變(bian)化。中(zhong)(zhong)隔(ge)(ge)墻(qiang)作(zuo)為雙(shuang)(shuang)連(lian)(lian)拱(gong)隧(sui)道(dao)施(shi)工(gong)(gong)時采(cai)用(yong)(yong)的(de)(de)主(zhu)要(yao)構件，必(bi)須嚴格控制其強度與(yu)穩(wen)定性等(deng)關(guan)鍵指標。以雙(shuang)(shuang)連(lian)(lian)拱(gong)隧(sui)道(dao)項(xiang)目施(shi)工(gong)(gong)為例(li)，中(zhong)(zhong)隔(ge)(ge)墻(qiang)與(yu)支護襯砌采(cai)用(yong)(yong)的(de)(de)為非(fei)同步施(shi)工(gong)(gong)模式，結構受(shou)力(li)情況多(duo)變(bian)，特別是中(zhong)(zhong)隔(ge)(ge)墻(qiang)受(shou)力(li)較(jiao)為復雜(za)，主(zhu)要(yao)包含(han)了拉(la)、壓、彎、剪等(deng)，而(er)且左洞(dong)、右洞(dong)的(de)(de)施(shi)工(gong)(gong)會對中(zhong)(zhong)隔(ge)(ge)墻(qiang)造成影響，若是施(shi)工(gong)(gong)不當(dang)，則很(hen)容(rong)易引(yin)發拱(gong)頂沉降或(huo)坍(tan)塌(ta)等(deng)現(xian)象，甚至隧(sui)道(dao)中(zhong)(zhong)隔(ge)(ge)墻(qiang)出現(xian)開裂與(yu)滲水等(deng)［１］。基于此，在雙(shuang)(shuang)連(lian)(lian)拱(gong)隧(sui)道(dao)施(shi)工(gong)(gong)階段必(bi)須精準把控中(zhong)(zhong)隔(ge)(ge)墻(qiang)技術要(yao)點，以提(ti)升(sheng)施(shi)工(gong)(gong)質量及安(an)全。

２雙連拱隧道中隔墻斷面類型及施工要點

２．１中隔墻斷面類型

針對雙連拱隧道項(xiang)目(mu)的(de)中隔墻而言(yan)，其結(jie)構類型主要是以外部形態作為(wei)劃(hua)分標(biao)準，包含了直中墻、曲中墻，見表１。

２．２施工要點

以雙(shuang)連(lian)拱隧(sui)道為例，中隔(ge)墻施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)流程是先支模(mo)(mo)板(ban)(ban)后鋼(gang)筋(jin)綁扎(zha)(zha)，最后進(jin)行(xing)混(hun)(hun)凝(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)土(tu)(tu)澆(jiao)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)，詳(xiang)細施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)要(yao)(yao)點如下(xia)：①模(mo)(mo)板(ban)(ban)選(xuan)(xuan)用，在中隔(ge)墻模(mo)(mo)板(ban)(ban)施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)階段(duan)，應選(xuan)(xuan)擇(ze)槽鋼(gang)與(yu)(yu)(yu)碗(wan)口件從(cong)中導洞初(chu)期支護(hu)位置(zhi)(zhi)進(jin)行(xing)支撐(cheng)處(chu)理(li)，支撐(cheng)模(mo)(mo)式(shi)是“外撐(cheng)＋內控”，而模(mo)(mo)板(ban)(ban)主要(yao)(yao)選(xuan)(xuan)用特制型鋼(gang)模(mo)(mo)，且(qie)嚴格(ge)根據規(gui)定要(yao)(yao)求檢(jian)查模(mo)(mo)板(ban)(ban)中線、尺寸以及標高等相關指標，保(bao)證符合工(gong)(gong)程要(yao)(yao)求之后才能(neng)(neng)夠實施(shi)(shi)(shi)下(xia)一道工(gong)(gong)序；②鋼(gang)筋(jin)綁扎(zha)(zha)，首(shou)先需要(yao)(yao)對(dui)(dui)中隔(ge)墻與(yu)(yu)(yu)襯(chen)砌接觸面(mian)進(jin)行(xing)鑿毛處(chu)理(li)，以增強混(hun)(hun)凝(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)土(tu)(tu)粘結力，結合設計要(yao)(yao)求布設基礎鋼(gang)筋(jin)，同時對(dui)(dui)預(yu)留(liu)(liu)筋(jin)與(yu)(yu)(yu)預(yu)埋件的位置(zhi)(zhi)進(jin)行(xing)嚴格(ge)檢(jian)查，保(bao)證鋼(gang)筋(jin)無任何(he)的銹(xiu)蝕現象［２］，待鋼(gang)筋(jin)綁扎(zha)(zha)施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)及檢(jian)驗(yan)達(da)標之后，才能(neng)(neng)夠進(jin)行(xing)端頭模(mo)(mo)板(ban)(ban)封堵處(chu)理(li)；③混(hun)(hun)凝(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)土(tu)(tu)澆(jiao)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)，選(xuan)(xuan)擇(ze)的振(zhen)搗方式(shi)是分層(ceng)振(zhen)搗，邊(bian)澆(jiao)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)邊(bian)振(zhen)搗，由(you)模(mo)(mo)板(ban)(ban)的端頭灌注混(hun)(hun)凝(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)土(tu)(tu)，將混(hun)(hun)凝(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)土(tu)(tu)澆(jiao)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)到(dao)與(yu)(yu)(yu)拱頂相距１．５ｍ位置(zhi)(zhi)，然后以分段(duan)澆(jiao)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)方式(shi)一直澆(jiao)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)到(dao)拱頂，在兩(liang)側(ce)位置(zhi)(zhi)合理(li)預(yu)留(liu)(liu)注漿管與(yu)(yu)(yu)排氣管［３］。此階段(duan)必須對(dui)(dui)混(hun)(hun)凝(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)土(tu)(tu)的各(ge)項材(cai)料性能(neng)(neng)及質量進(jin)行(xing)嚴格(ge)控制，且(qie)按照規(gui)定要(yao)(yao)求進(jin)行(xing)攪拌與(yu)(yu)(yu)運輸，以提升混(hun)(hun)凝(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)土(tu)(tu)澆(jiao)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)效果。

２．３穩定措施

以雙連拱隧道施工(gong)為(wei)例，必須采取一系列措施增強中隔(ge)墻(qiang)結構的(de)穩(wen)定性(xing)，具體如下：①構建(jian)側向支(zhi)撐，實現(xian)平整碾壓；②回(hui)填處理，嚴格控制彎矩(ju)和(he)水平位移(yi)；③兩側正洞保(bao)證同步施工(gong)，最大程(cheng)度上控制傾斜現(xian)象；④提前建(jian)立仰拱，采取措施有效固定中隔(ge)墻(qiang)基礎，避免出現(xian)水平位移(yi)；⑤在中隔(ge)墻(qiang)底板處安裝錨桿(gan)(gan)，使錨桿(gan)(gan)與中隔(ge)墻(qiang)連接成為(wei)一體，從(cong)而達到抵(di)抗傾覆(fu)的(de)目(mu)的(de)。

３工程實例

３．１項目背景

某高速公路工程項目的全線長度１５．３８ｋｍ，起訖樁號是Ｋ１０９＋２６５～Ｋ２４＋６４５，采用的是雙向四車道，設計的行車速度是１００ｋｍ／ｈ。此項目包含了一座隧道（設計類型是雙連拱隧道），其全長是３８２ｍ，位于半徑為４５００ｍ的圓曲線上，而中隔墻選擇的類型是三層夾心式曲墻。隧(sui)道現(xian)場地形總體起伏比較大(da)，其中(zhong)(zhong)最大(da)高度(du)差達(da)到了６０ｍ，同(tong)時進口段存在偏壓(ya)，圍巖級別類型是ＩＶ級、Ｖ級，巖體表現(xian)破碎，且(qie)節(jie)理裂隙較為(wei)發育(yu)。此(ci)外，中(zhong)(zhong)隔(ge)墻的最薄處厚度(du)是２．２ｍ，三層施(shi)工參數如圖１所(suo)示。

３．２中隔墻受力分析(xi)

此隧(sui)道選(xuan)擇(ze)的(de)是(shi)三導(dao)洞(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)法(fa)，中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)隔(ge)墻(qiang)(qiang)的(de)受(shou)力(li)情況具體如下：①開挖施(shi)工前，中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)導(dao)洞(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)基(ji)(ji)本等同于單(dan)線隧(sui)道，而中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)隔(ge)墻(qiang)(qiang)所承(cheng)受(shou)的(de)壓(ya)力(li)主要來(lai)自拱頂圍(wei)巖，且受(shou)力(li)狀態(tai)比(bi)較穩(wen)定(ding)(ding)；②右洞(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)開挖但(dan)(dan)未支(zhi)護(hu)階(jie)段，右洞(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)開挖施(shi)工后(hou)隧(sui)道會形(xing)成偏壓(ya)，而中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)隔(ge)墻(qiang)(qiang)是(shi)偏心受(shou)壓(ya)結(jie)構，所以必須(xu)增強其抗剪與抗彎(wan)性；③右洞(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)支(zhi)護(hu)但(dan)(dan)左(zuo)(zuo)洞(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)未開挖階(jie)段，待(dai)右洞(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)支(zhi)護(hu)施(shi)工結(jie)束(shu)之(zhi)后(hou)，能夠抵(di)抗圍(wei)巖變(bian)形(xing)，同時(shi)右洞(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)初(chu)(chu)期(qi)支(zhi)護(hu)基(ji)(ji)腳建(jian)立在中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)隔(ge)墻(qiang)(qiang)的(de)右側頂部。中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)隔(ge)墻(qiang)(qiang)不(bu)但(dan)(dan)要承(cheng)受(shou)左(zuo)(zuo)洞(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)側壓(ya)力(li)，也需(xu)要承(cheng)受(shou)右洞(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)初(chu)(chu)支(zhi)壓(ya)力(li)；④左(zuo)(zuo)洞(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)開挖但(dan)(dan)未支(zhi)護(hu)階(jie)段，會對中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)隔(ge)墻(qiang)(qiang)造(zao)成偏壓(ya)；⑤兩側主洞(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)初(chu)(chu)支(zhi)結(jie)束(shu)之(zhi)后(hou)，中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)隔(ge)墻(qiang)(qiang)承(cheng)受(shou)的(de)是(shi)豎向力(li)，受(shou)力(li)狀態(tai)較為穩(wen)定(ding)(ding)。

３．３施工要點

１）測(ce)量放(fang)樣。提前測(ce)放(fang)中隔(ge)(ge)墻(qiang)(qiang)位(wei)(wei)置(zhi)，將中導(dao)洞進行(xing)(xing)(xing)貫(guan)(guan)通(tong)處(chu)理(li)(li)后(hou)(hou)，緊(jin)接著實施(shi)貫(guan)(guan)通(tong)測(ce)量，保證洞內導(dao)線坐標和(he)標高的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)精準(zhun)度(du)，從而為中隔(ge)(ge)墻(qiang)(qiang)施(shi)工(gong)提供有效(xiao)指(zhi)導(dao)。２）選(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)擇材(cai)(cai)料(liao)(liao)。此(ci)雙連(lian)拱隧道(dao)中隔(ge)(ge)墻(qiang)(qiang)施(shi)工(gong)采(cai)(cai)用(yong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)材(cai)(cai)料(liao)(liao)基(ji)本包含(han)了(le)鋼(gang)筋(jin)、水泥以(yi)及砂石(shi)料(liao)(liao)等(deng)，必須提前制定合(he)理(li)(li)、可行(xing)(xing)(xing)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)材(cai)(cai)料(liao)(liao)采(cai)(cai)購(gou)方案(an)，同(tong)(tong)(tong)時(shi)按(an)照規定要(yao)(yao)求進行(xing)(xing)(xing)檢(jian)驗與(yu)保存，其中混(hun)(hun)凝(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)土(tu)(tu)(tu)選(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)擇的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)是(shi)(shi)(shi)Ｃ２５防水鋼(gang)筋(jin)混(hun)(hun)凝(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)土(tu)(tu)(tu)。３）基(ji)底找(zhao)平。實施(shi)混(hun)(hun)凝(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)土(tu)(tu)(tu)澆筑之前，必須把(ba)(ba)碎(sui)石(shi)、雜土(tu)(tu)(tu)等(deng)清理(li)(li)干凈，同(tong)(tong)(tong)時(shi)對(dui)基(ji)底進行(xing)(xing)(xing)找(zhao)平處(chu)理(li)(li)，保證找(zhao)平層與(yu)基(ji)礎圍(wei)巖(yan)能夠(gou)有效(xiao)結合(he)，而找(zhao)平層施(shi)工(gong)選(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)擇的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)材(cai)(cai)料(liao)(liao)是(shi)(shi)(shi)混(hun)(hun)凝(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)土(tu)(tu)(tu)（與(yu)中隔(ge)(ge)墻(qiang)(qiang)標號相同(tong)(tong)(tong)），同(tong)(tong)(tong)時(shi)對(dui)找(zhao)平層頂面高度(du)進行(xing)(xing)(xing)嚴(yan)格控制［４］。４）制作鋼(gang)筋(jin)。根(gen)據圖(tu)紙要(yao)(yao)求進行(xing)(xing)(xing)鋼(gang)筋(jin)制安，以(yi)增強鋼(gang)筋(jin)骨架的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)穩(wen)定性(xing)。為了(le)提升施(shi)工(gong)效(xiao)率，需要(yao)(yao)通(tong)過模(mo)板(ban)把(ba)(ba)鋼(gang)筋(jin)加工(gong)成(cheng)網片，從洞內進行(xing)(xing)(xing)鋼(gang)筋(jin)綁扎。５）模(mo)板(ban)臺車(che)(che)就位(wei)(wei)。通(tong)過測(ce)量放(fang)樣精準(zhun)確(que)定模(mo)板(ban)臺車(che)(che)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)位(wei)(wei)置(zhi)，然后(hou)(hou)進行(xing)(xing)(xing)支(zhi)撐(cheng)與(yu)對(dui)拉處(chu)理(li)(li)，以(yi)保證模(mo)板(ban)臺車(che)(che)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)剛度(du)及穩(wen)定性(xing)符合(he)規定要(yao)(yao)求。６）混(hun)(hun)凝(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)土(tu)(tu)(tu)澆筑。此(ci)項目中混(hun)(hun)凝(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)土(tu)(tu)(tu)攪拌為集中拌和(he)，以(yi)專用(yong)運料(liao)(liao)車(che)(che)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)方式(shi)把(ba)(ba)拌制合(he)格的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)混(hun)(hun)凝(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)土(tu)(tu)(tu)運輸到項目施(shi)工(gong)現場，然后(hou)(hou)采(cai)(cai)用(yong)泵送模(mo)式(shi)，同(tong)(tong)(tong)時(shi)選(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)擇“窗(chuang)口(kou)插(cha)入式(shi)振搗棒與(yu)臺車(che)(che)附著式(shi)振搗器”的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)方式(shi)實現混(hun)(hun)凝(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)土(tu)(tu)(tu)分層振搗，其中各層混(hun)(hun)凝(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)土(tu)(tu)(tu)厚度(du)應控制為３０ｃｍ，且振搗過程中需要(yao)(yao)把(ba)(ba)振搗棒插(cha)入前一層５～１０ｃｍ，以(yi)促(cu)進新混(hun)(hun)凝(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)土(tu)(tu)(tu)與(yu)舊混(hun)(hun)凝(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)土(tu)(tu)(tu)之間(jian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)有效(xiao)融合(he)，禁止出(chu)現漏振與(yu)過振等(deng)問題［５］。７）預(yu)(yu)留與(yu)預(yu)(yu)埋(mai)件(jian)施(shi)工(gong)。必須確(que)保預(yu)(yu)留與(yu)預(yu)(yu)埋(mai)件(jian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)位(wei)(wei)置(zhi)準(zhun)確(que)無誤，同(tong)(tong)(tong)時(shi)對(dui)預(yu)(yu)埋(mai)件(jian)尺寸(cun)等(deng)進行(xing)(xing)(xing)檢(jian)查。８）臺車(che)(che)移位(wei)(wei)及混(hun)(hun)凝(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)土(tu)(tu)(tu)養生。此(ci)雙連(lian)拱隧道(dao)橫向(xiang)支(zhi)撐(cheng)選(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)擇的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)是(shi)(shi)(shi)Ｉ１６工(gong)字鋼(gang)（數量是(shi)(shi)(shi)２根(gen)），位(wei)(wei)置(zhi)是(shi)(shi)(shi)主(zhu)(zhu)洞后(hou)(hou)側，確(que)定的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)縱向(xiang)間(jian)隔(ge)(ge)距離是(shi)(shi)(shi)７５ｃｍ。在主(zhu)(zhu)洞開挖施(shi)工(gong)階段，中隔(ge)(ge)墻(qiang)(qiang)兩側的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)回填施(shi)工(gong)選(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)擇的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)材(cai)(cai)料(liao)(liao)是(shi)(shi)(shi)Ｍ７．５漿砌片石(shi)，同(tong)(tong)(tong)時(shi)保證回填高度(du)和(he)最(zui)上方鋼(gang)支(zhi)撐(cheng)保持平齊（即(ji)３．５ｍ）。

４結語

中隔墻是雙連拱隧道結構體系中的一項關鍵性結構，其施工階段受力變化比較復雜，所以保證中隔墻施工穩定及安全尤為重要。本文結合項目實例綜合研究了雙連拱隧道中隔墻施工技術，主要包含了測量放樣(yang)、基底找(zhao)平、鋼筋制作、混凝(ning)土澆筑(zhu)以及養生(sheng)等，為類(lei)似項目施工提供借鑒。

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作(zuo)者：岑(cen)雪雁 單位：山西交通控股(gu)集團有限公(gong)司大同南高速(su)公(gong)路分公(gong)司