導語：采煤(mei)沉陷(xian)區調(diao)查與監測方法(fa)一文(wen)來源于(yu)網友上傳，不代表(biao)本站(zhan)觀點，若(ruo)需(xu)要原創文(wen)章(zhang)可咨詢(xun)客(ke)服老師，歡迎(ying)參(can)考。

［摘要］為研究河北省采煤沉陷區調查與監測方法，從遙(yao)感解譯(yi)、InSAR監測、無(wu)人機航(hang)空攝(she)影、野(ye)外(wai)(wai)調(diao)查等方(fang)面進(jin)行方(fang)法探(tan)索，結果表明，光學(xue)遙(yao)感技術、InSAR技術、無(wu)人機航(hang)空攝(she)影技術及(ji)野(ye)外(wai)(wai)調(diao)查手(shou)段方(fang)法可靠(kao)，能夠滿足河北省(sheng)采煤沉陷(xian)區調(diao)查與監測工作。

［關鍵詞］河北省；采(cai)煤沉陷區(qu)；調查(cha)與監測方法

河北(bei)(bei)省(sheng)是(shi)產煤(mei)(mei)大(da)省(sheng)，多(duo)(duo)年的(de)煤(mei)(mei)礦(kuang)開采(cai)使得采(cai)煤(mei)(mei)沉(chen)(chen)(chen)陷(xian)成(cheng)為河北(bei)(bei)省(sheng)土(tu)地利用變化(hua)的(de)重要(yao)(yao)影(ying)響因素，同(tong)時也產生了諸多(duo)(duo)生態環境問題［1］。河北(bei)(bei)省(sheng)采(cai)煤(mei)(mei)沉(chen)(chen)(chen)陷(xian)區主(zhu)(zhu)要(yao)(yao)分布在唐山、邯鄲、邢臺、石家莊、張(zhang)家口(kou)、承德、保定(ding)、秦皇島(dao)等(deng)8個區市。為推進(jin)采(cai)煤(mei)(mei)沉(chen)(chen)(chen)陷(xian)區綜(zong)合治理，河北(bei)(bei)省(sheng)積極創新治理模式，按(an)照宜(yi)耕則耕、宜(yi)林則林、宜(yi)草則草、宜(yi)水(shui)則水(shui)的(de)要(yao)(yao)求，大(da)力開展生態修復和地質災害防(fang)治，在安全(quan)保障(zhang)、民生改善(shan)、產業(ye)發展等(deng)領域取(qu)得了一定(ding)成(cheng)效［2］。但是(shi)，河北(bei)(bei)省(sheng)采(cai)煤(mei)(mei)沉(chen)(chen)(chen)陷(xian)區治理難度(du)依然較大(da)，總體局面(mian)尚未得到(dao)根本改變。由于沉(chen)(chen)(chen)陷(xian)區分布范(fan)圍廣、影(ying)響面(mian)積大(da)、涉及(ji)人(ren)口(kou)多(duo)(duo)，治理需要(yao)(yao)巨大(da)投(tou)入，系統開展采(cai)煤(mei)(mei)沉(chen)(chen)(chen)陷(xian)區調(diao)查(cha)與監(jian)測工作迫(po)在眉睫。本次主(zhu)(zhu)要(yao)(yao)從(cong)遙感解(jie)譯、InSAR監(jian)測、無(wu)人(ren)機航(hang)空攝(she)影(ying)、野外調(diao)查(cha)等(deng)方面(mian)對河北(bei)(bei)省(sheng)采(cai)煤(mei)(mei)沉(chen)(chen)(chen)陷(xian)區調(diao)查(cha)與監(jian)測方法進(jin)行研究(jiu)［3］。

1地面沉降監測工作及技術手段

采煤(mei)沉(chen)(chen)(chen)陷(xian)區(qu)地面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)沉(chen)(chen)(chen)降(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)常規(gui)監(jian)(jian)測(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)技(ji)術(shu)有(you)水(shui)準(zhun)測(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)量、GPS測(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)量等(deng)(deng)［4］。該類技(ji)術(shu)在(zai)沉(chen)(chen)(chen)降(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)監(jian)(jian)測(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)過(guo)程(cheng)中主(zhu)(zhu)要是(shi)(shi)通過(guo)對相對較(jiao)(jiao)少點(dian)(dian)(dian)進(jin)行(xing)觀(guan)測(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)，后(hou)續(xu)通過(guo)平(ping)差、插值等(deng)(deng)計算(suan)手(shou)段(duan)獲取區(qu)域(yu)內的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)沉(chen)(chen)(chen)降(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)結果(guo)。優(you)勢(shi)(shi)在(zai)于其對單點(dian)(dian)(dian)監(jian)(jian)測(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)時(shi)(shi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)高(gao)(gao)精(jing)度(du)(du)。但在(zai)大(da)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)積、長(chang)時(shi)(shi)間(jian)系列監(jian)(jian)測(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)方面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)，存(cun)在(zai)點(dian)(dian)(dian)密(mi)度(du)(du)過(guo)低(di)、困難區(qu)域(yu)無(wu)法完全(quan)(quan)覆(fu)蓋(gai)、時(shi)(shi)間(jian)與空(kong)間(jian)連續(xu)性較(jiao)(jiao)弱、埋設(she)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)觀(guan)測(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)樁容易(yi)滅失等(deng)(deng)問題，在(zai)經濟效益(yi)上存(cun)在(zai)觀(guan)測(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)點(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)建立與維(wei)護(hu)費用(yong)高(gao)(gao)、效率相對較(jiao)(jiao)低(di)、人(ren)工成本(ben)較(jiao)(jiao)高(gao)(gao)等(deng)(deng)缺點(dian)(dian)(dian)。InSAR技(ji)術(shu)是(shi)(shi)采用(yong)具有(you)全(quan)(quan)天候、大(da)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)積、高(gao)(gao)分辨率等(deng)(deng)特點(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)雷達(da)(da)衛星通過(guo)相位變(bian)化(hua)來進(jin)行(xing)地表變(bian)形(xing)監(jian)(jian)測(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)，能(neng)夠把握(wo)區(qu)域(yu)形(xing)變(bian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)宏觀(guan)趨(qu)勢(shi)(shi)，彌補(bu)常規(gui)技(ji)術(shu)在(zai)沉(chen)(chen)(chen)降(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)監(jian)(jian)測(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)中的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)觀(guan)測(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)不同步、時(shi)(shi)間(jian)頻率低(di)、空(kong)間(jian)范(fan)(fan)圍小(xiao)等(deng)(deng)劣勢(shi)(shi)，能(neng)實現穩定地長(chang)期對地觀(guan)測(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)。在(zai)經濟效益(yi)上，雷達(da)(da)數據的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)幅寬大(da)，監(jian)(jian)測(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)覆(fu)蓋(gai)范(fan)(fan)圍廣，不用(yong)建立和(he)維(wei)護(hu)觀(guan)測(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)樁，節省(sheng)了大(da)量的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)人(ren)工成本(ben)，效益(yi)好。2008—2010年，中國國土資(zi)源(yuan)航空(kong)物探遙感中心運用(yong)InSAR技(ji)術(shu)，對華北平(ping)原地面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)沉(chen)(chen)(chen)降(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)分布現狀(zhuang)與變(bian)化(hua)特征進(jin)行(xing)了調(diao)查和(he)監(jian)(jian)測(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)，并開(kai)展了主(zhu)(zhu)要工礦(kuang)區(qu)（開(kai)灤(luan)礦(kuang)區(qu)、峰(feng)峰(feng)—武(wu)安礦(kuang)區(qu)）地表形(xing)變(bian)連續(xu)動態監(jian)(jian)測(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)應用(yong)，形(xing)成了先進(jin)實用(yong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)區(qu)域(yu)性地面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)沉(chen)(chen)(chen)降(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)InSAR監(jian)(jian)測(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)技(ji)術(shu)方法體系。2008—2020年，河(he)北省(sheng)地質(zhi)環境監(jian)(jian)測(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)院（河(he)北省(sheng)地質(zhi)環境監(jian)(jian)測(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)總站(zhan)）陸續(xu)開(kai)展過(guo)河(he)北省(sheng)平(ping)原區(qu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)地面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)沉(chen)(chen)(chen)降(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)監(jian)(jian)測(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)工作，主(zhu)(zhu)要技(ji)術(shu)手(shou)段(duan)包括二(er)等(deng)(deng)水(shui)準(zhun)測(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)量、標石埋設(she)、分層(ceng)標監(jian)(jian)測(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)、光纖(xian)(xian)分層(ceng)標鉆孔、地面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)沉(chen)(chen)(chen)降(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)光纖(xian)(xian)監(jian)(jian)測(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)系統等(deng)(deng)。上述工作的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)開(kai)展證明，運用(yong)InSAR技(ji)術(shu)對采煤(mei)沉(chen)(chen)(chen)陷(xian)區(qu)地面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)沉(chen)(chen)(chen)降(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)進(jin)行(xing)監(jian)(jian)測(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)是(shi)(shi)可行(xing)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)。

2調查與監測技術路線

首先收集整(zheng)理(li)河北省重點(dian)煤(mei)礦(kuang)采煤(mei)沉(chen)陷區(qu)相關地(di)質資料和高(gao)分(fen)辨率(lv)光學衛星數(shu)據(ju)(ju)以及(ji)雷達遙(yao)(yao)感(gan)數(shu)據(ju)(ju)；再分(fen)別對(dui)(dui)光學與雷達遙(yao)(yao)感(gan)影(ying)像利用遙(yao)(yao)感(gan)數(shu)據(ju)(ju)處理(li)專業軟件(jian)進(jin)行(xing)數(shu)據(ju)(ju)標準(zhun)化以及(ji)預處理(li)，以光學遙(yao)(yao)感(gan)、InSAR、無人(ren)機航空(kong)攝影(ying)等技術(shu)手(shou)段，適時地(di)獲取客觀(guan)基礎(chu)數(shu)據(ju)(ju)，對(dui)(dui)工作區(qu)域(yu)內(nei)采煤(mei)沉(chen)陷區(qu)地(di)面沉(chen)降(jiang)進(jin)行(xing)監測(ce)(ce)分(fen)析；并(bing)利用以往(wang)水準(zhun)測(ce)(ce)量(liang)和GPS測(ce)(ce)量(liang)數(shu)據(ju)(ju)對(dui)(dui)InSAR技術(shu)監測(ce)(ce)結果進(jin)行(xing)精度驗證(zheng)。同時對(dui)(dui)照現(xian)有(you)相關地(di)質數(shu)據(ju)(ju)，確定采空(kong)區(qu)、采煤(mei)沉(chen)陷區(qu)范圍；充分(fen)應(ying)用已有(you)調(diao)(diao)(diao)查成果，確定塌陷坑(keng)、地(di)裂縫分(fen)布(bu)范圍，調(diao)(diao)(diao)查、統計(ji)損毀(hui)土地(di)分(fen)布(bu)及(ji)破壞程度，并(bing)進(jin)行(xing)實地(di)調(diao)(diao)(diao)查。調(diao)(diao)(diao)查與監測(ce)(ce)技術(shu)路線如圖1所示。

3調查與監測工作方法

工(gong)作方法主要包括資料收(shou)集(ji)與整(zheng)理(li)、采煤沉陷區地(di)面沉降InSAR監測、遙感(gan)解譯、野外實地(di)調查、綜(zong)合研(yan)究(jiu)。

3.1資料收集

收集(ji)的資(zi)料(liao)主(zhu)要包括以往采空區(qu)、采煤(mei)(mei)沉陷區(qu)范(fan)圍界線調(diao)查(cha)、分析(xi)等(deng)資(zi)料(liao)；煤(mei)(mei)礦地(di)(di)質、礦產、水文、環境等(deng)相關報(bao)告；礦區(qu)地(di)(di)形圖(tu)(tu)、采掘工(gong)程(cheng)平面圖(tu)(tu)、井上井下對(dui)照圖(tu)(tu)等(deng)各類(lei)地(di)(di)質圖(tu)(tu)件；地(di)(di)下水位(wei)數(shu)據(ju)和物探數(shu)據(ju)、各類(lei)測量數(shu)據(ju)等(deng)；同時收集(ji)、購置高(gao)(gao)分辨(bian)率光學遙感(gan)數(shu)據(ju)與SAR衛星數(shu)據(ju)，以及工(gong)作(zuo)區(qu)已有的高(gao)(gao)精度(du)DEM數(shu)據(ju)。

3.2采煤沉陷區遙感解譯

遙(yao)感解(jie)譯(yi)(yi)(yi)工作主(zhu)要以人(ren)機(ji)交(jiao)互(hu)方式進行(xing)。包括(kuo)建(jian)立解(jie)譯(yi)(yi)(yi)標志、初步解(jie)譯(yi)(yi)(yi)、野外(wai)驗(yan)證和室內詳細綜合解(jie)譯(yi)(yi)(yi)4個步驟。利用遙(yao)感影(ying)像的(de)色(se)調(diao)(diao)(diao)、顏色(se)、形(xing)狀、大小、紋(wen)理、圖形(xing)或圖案、陰影(ying)等(deng)影(ying)像特(te)征，重點解(jie)譯(yi)(yi)(yi)工業廣場、礦(kuang)山(shan)廢(fei)棄物(wu)堆(dui)(dui)場（廢(fei)石堆(dui)(dui)場、尾礦(kuang)渣、煤矸石堆(dui)(dui)等(deng)）、地(di)(di)面(mian)(mian)塌陷(xian)的(de)分布(bu)、形(xing)態(tai)、數量、面(mian)(mian)積等(deng)，解(jie)譯(yi)(yi)(yi)調(diao)(diao)(diao)查(cha)(cha)區耕地(di)(di)、林地(di)(di)、草地(di)(di)、水體分布(bu)、面(mian)(mian)積，解(jie)譯(yi)(yi)(yi)調(diao)(diao)(diao)查(cha)(cha)區地(di)(di)貌景(jing)觀及(ji)(ji)植被破(po)壞等(deng)位置(zhi)、面(mian)(mian)積等(deng)，配合野外(wai)驗(yan)證分析其危害(hai)(hai)對象、危害(hai)(hai)程(cheng)度、穩定狀態(tai)、發展趨(qu)勢以及(ji)(ji)產生的(de)原(yuan)因等(deng)。對于(yu)危及(ji)(ji)城鎮(zhen)、重要建(jian)筑物(wu)、礦(kuang)山(shan)設施(shi)、交(jiao)通、村(cun)莊等(deng)附(fu)近的(de)地(di)(di)質災害(hai)(hai)及(ji)(ji)其隱患點，以及(ji)(ji)不易解(jie)譯(yi)(yi)(yi)的(de)地(di)(di)面(mian)(mian)塌陷(xian)、地(di)(di)裂縫、有疑問(wen)的(de)圖斑(ban)等(deng)，應結合地(di)(di)面(mian)(mian)調(diao)(diao)(diao)查(cha)(cha)工作，進行(xing)100%的(de)野外(wai)調(diao)(diao)(diao)查(cha)(cha)驗(yan)證。一般解(jie)譯(yi)(yi)(yi)程(cheng)度較好的(de)礦(kuang)山(shan)地(di)(di)質環境問(wen)題及(ji)(ji)圖斑(ban)，結合地(di)(di)面(mian)(mian)調(diao)(diao)(diao)查(cha)(cha)，野外(wai)驗(yan)證率應不低(di)于(yu)50%。

3.3高(gao)精度無人機航空攝影

采(cai)用(yong)無人機航拍(pai)技術，對采(cai)煤沉(chen)陷重點區域進行勘查，利(li)用(yong)大比例尺、高精度航拍(pai)影像調查統(tong)計沉(chen)陷、地裂縫及其他破(po)壞情況。利(li)用(yong)優于0.1m傾斜攝影測量數據制作三維模型，為災(zai)害評估提供精確的(de)依據。

3.4采煤(mei)沉陷區地面沉降監測

以(yi)采(cai)煤沉(chen)(chen)陷(xian)(xian)區(qu)(qu)(qu)為(wei)(wei)工(gong)作區(qu)(qu)(qu)對象(xiang)，制(zhi)(zhi)定(ding)(ding)SAR衛星數(shu)(shu)(shu)據(ju)(ju)計劃，以(yi)小(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)基(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)線(xian)(xian)集(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)（SBAS）技(ji)術(shu)(shu)為(wei)(wei)主要技(ji)術(shu)(shu)手段，結(jie)合(he)其它SAR數(shu)(shu)(shu)據(ju)(ju)時間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)系(xi)列分(fen)(fen)析技(ji)術(shu)(shu)，以(yi)沉(chen)(chen)陷(xian)(xian)區(qu)(qu)(qu)范圍(wei)解譯(yi)為(wei)(wei)需求。利(li)用InSAR小(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)基(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)線(xian)(xian)集(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)技(ji)術(shu)(shu)獲(huo)取的(de)(de)形(xing)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)結(jie)果(guo)，通過實地(di)(di)觀(guan)測資(zi)料驗證，結(jie)合(he)以(yi)往調查資(zi)料，對采(cai)煤沉(chen)(chen)陷(xian)(xian)區(qu)(qu)(qu)范圍(wei)界線(xian)(xian)數(shu)(shu)(shu)據(ju)(ju)進行(xing)補(bu)充與更新，綜合(he)確定(ding)(ding)河北省(sheng)煤礦采(cai)煤沉(chen)(chen)陷(xian)(xian)區(qu)(qu)(qu)的(de)(de)范圍(wei)、分(fen)(fen)布。獲(huo)取各(ge)個(ge)(ge)采(cai)煤沉(chen)(chen)陷(xian)(xian)區(qu)(qu)(qu)的(de)(de)沉(chen)(chen)降(jiang)量(liang)、沉(chen)(chen)降(jiang)速率(lv)(lv)(lv)及(ji)累計沉(chen)(chen)降(jiang)量(liang)，編制(zhi)(zhi)各(ge)個(ge)(ge)采(cai)煤沉(chen)(chen)陷(xian)(xian)區(qu)(qu)(qu)的(de)(de)形(xing)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)速率(lv)(lv)(lv)和(he)形(xing)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)序(xu)列圖(tu)(tu)，編制(zhi)(zhi)采(cai)煤沉(chen)(chen)陷(xian)(xian)區(qu)(qu)(qu)形(xing)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)監測圖(tu)(tu)件(jian)，并(bing)利(li)用以(yi)往水準(zhun)測量(liang)和(he)GPS測量(liang)數(shu)(shu)(shu)據(ju)(ju)，對InSAR技(ji)術(shu)(shu)監測結(jie)果(guo)進行(xing)精(jing)(jing)(jing)度驗證。小(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)基(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)線(xian)(xian)集(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)，又稱(cheng)短(duan)基(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)線(xian)(xian)集(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)，是目前(qian)有代表性的(de)(de)高(gao)(gao)級（多(duo)(duo)基(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)線(xian)(xian)）DInSAR方(fang)(fang)法(fa)之一。其初衷(zhong)是用于提取低分(fen)(fen)辨率(lv)(lv)(lv)、大尺度地(di)(di)表形(xing)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)。小(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)基(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)線(xian)(xian)集(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)方(fang)(fang)法(fa)根據(ju)(ju)獲(huo)取SAR影像序(xu)列在(zai)時間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)、空(kong)(kong)間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)基(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)線(xian)(xian)的(de)(de)分(fen)(fen)布，首(shou)先將數(shu)(shu)(shu)據(ju)(ju)組合(he)成若干(gan)個(ge)(ge)集(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)合(he)，即集(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)合(he)之內(nei)，干(gan)涉(she)(she)對空(kong)(kong)間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)基(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)線(xian)(xian)距小(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)，而集(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)合(he)間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)干(gan)涉(she)(she)對空(kong)(kong)間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)基(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)線(xian)(xian)距大。在(zai)地(di)(di)表形(xing)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)反演階(jie)段，為(wei)(wei)了連接(jie)(jie)(jie)多(duo)(duo)個(ge)(ge)小(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)基(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)線(xian)(xian)集(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)合(he)，提高(gao)(gao)數(shu)(shu)(shu)據(ju)(ju)處(chu)理(li)的(de)(de)時間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)采(cai)樣率(lv)(lv)(lv)，引入(ru)奇(qi)異值分(fen)(fen)解方(fang)(fang)法(fa)，獲(huo)取形(xing)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)的(de)(de)最小(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)范數(shu)(shu)(shu)解。具體數(shu)(shu)(shu)據(ju)(ju)處(chu)理(li)流程(cheng)包括(kuo)時序(xu)SAR數(shu)(shu)(shu)據(ju)(ju)配準(zhun)、干(gan)涉(she)(she)對組合(he)、高(gao)(gao)相(xiang)(xiang)干(gan)點(dian)識別、差分(fen)(fen)干(gan)涉(she)(she)、干(gan)涉(she)(she)基(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)線(xian)(xian)精(jing)(jing)(jing)化、大氣相(xiang)(xiang)位剔除(chu)、高(gao)(gao)程(cheng)改正量(liang)和(he)形(xing)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)信息提取等。其中配準(zhun)精(jing)(jing)(jing)度要求距離(li)向達到(dao)0.1個(ge)(ge)像元，方(fang)(fang)位向達到(dao)0.001個(ge)(ge)像元的(de)(de)精(jing)(jing)(jing)度指標；干(gan)涉(she)(she)對組合(he)時空(kong)(kong)基(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)線(xian)(xian)閾值設定(ding)(ding)為(wei)(wei)時間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)基(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)線(xian)(xian)36d，空(kong)(kong)間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)基(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)線(xian)(xian)200m以(yi)內(nei)；高(gao)(gao)相(xiang)(xiang)干(gan)點(dian)識別采(cai)用雙重閾值方(fang)(fang)法(fa)，其中振幅(fu)(fu)(fu)離(li)差閾值為(wei)(wei)0.25，干(gan)涉(she)(she)相(xiang)(xiang)干(gan)值為(wei)(wei)0.75；基(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)線(xian)(xian)誤差控(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)在(zai)0.1m以(yi)內(nei)。標準(zhun)圖(tu)(tu)幅(fu)(fu)(fu)數(shu)(shu)(shu)據(ju)(ju)處(chu)理(li)嚴格按照以(yi)上(shang)提到(dao)的(de)(de)精(jing)(jing)(jing)度指標，保證InSAR結(jie)果(guo)精(jing)(jing)(jing)度達到(dao)毫米級。覆蓋工(gong)作區(qu)(qu)(qu)需要多(duo)(duo)個(ge)(ge)標準(zhun)圖(tu)(tu)幅(fu)(fu)(fu)，數(shu)(shu)(shu)據(ju)(ju)處(chu)理(li)過程(cheng)為(wei)(wei)單圖(tu)(tu)幅(fu)(fu)(fu)處(chu)理(li)，后(hou)期(qi)要獲(huo)取工(gong)作區(qu)(qu)(qu)形(xing)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)分(fen)(fen)布圖(tu)(tu)，需要進行(xing)圖(tu)(tu)幅(fu)(fu)(fu)拼接(jie)(jie)(jie)。采(cai)用數(shu)(shu)(shu)據(ju)(ju)圖(tu)(tu)幅(fu)(fu)(fu)間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)重疊范圍(wei)為(wei)(wei)數(shu)(shu)(shu)據(ju)(ju)范圍(wei)的(de)(de)20%，因此可依據(ju)(ju)公(gong)共(gong)區(qu)(qu)(qu)域的(de)(de)形(xing)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)量(liang)進行(xing)數(shu)(shu)(shu)據(ju)(ju)拼接(jie)(jie)(jie)。拼接(jie)(jie)(jie)過程(cheng)包括(kuo)空(kong)(kong)間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)基(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)準(zhun)統(tong)一和(he)系(xi)統(tong)偏差補(bu)償2個(ge)(ge)步驟(zou)，其中空(kong)(kong)間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)位置(zhi)基(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)準(zhun)控(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)在(zai)1m以(yi)內(nei)，圖(tu)(tu)幅(fu)(fu)(fu)間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)形(xing)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)誤差控(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)在(zai)3mm。

3.5采煤沉(chen)陷區野外調查

野外調(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)查(cha)內容主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)要包(bao)括(kuo)(kuo)(kuo)土(tu)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)資源(yuan)破(po)壞(huai)、地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)形(xing)(xing)(xing)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)貌(mao)景觀(guan)破(po)壞(huai)、地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)表(biao)(biao)（下(xia)）水(shui)污(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)染(ran)、地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)裂(lie)(lie)縫、地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)面(mian)塌(ta)(ta)陷(xian)(xian)、崩(beng)塌(ta)(ta)、滑(hua)(hua)坡(po)(po)(po)(po)、泥(ni)石流(liu)(liu)等(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)，在(zai)(zai)(zai)調(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)查(cha)同時(shi)(shi)進行樣品(pin)(pin)(pin)采(cai)(cai)集。對(dui)于調(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)查(cha)內容，在(zai)(zai)(zai)實地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)利(li)用(yong)(yong)GPS對(dui)標(biao)(biao)志物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)測定(ding)(ding)坐標(biao)(biao)，再根據地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)形(xing)(xing)(xing)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)分布范(fan)(fan)圍(wei)(wei)，按比例或(huo)用(yong)(yong)符號標(biao)(biao)繪在(zai)(zai)(zai)1∶1萬地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)形(xing)(xing)(xing)圖上(shang)。同時(shi)(shi)填寫(xie)調(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)查(cha)表(biao)(biao)和利(li)用(yong)(yong)數(shu)碼(ma)相(xiang)(xiang)機拍(pai)攝照片或(huo)錄制視頻。（1）土(tu)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)資源(yuan)破(po)壞(huai)調(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)查(cha)：調(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)查(cha)采(cai)(cai)煤沉陷(xian)(xian)區(qu)(qu)土(tu)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)類型(xing)、分布及(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)利(li)用(yong)(yong)狀(zhuang)況；調(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)查(cha)固(gu)(gu)體廢棄物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)堆場占用(yong)(yong)、露天采(cai)(cai)場、地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)面(mian)塌(ta)(ta)陷(xian)(xian)（地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)裂(lie)(lie)縫）、崩(beng)塌(ta)(ta)滑(hua)(hua)坡(po)(po)(po)(po)泥(ni)石流(liu)(liu)堆積(ji)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)破(po)壞(huai)的(de)(de)(de)土(tu)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)類型(xing)、位置(zhi)、面(mian)積(ji)、時(shi)(shi)間等(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)；調(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)查(cha)區(qu)(qu)礦(kuang)業(ye)活動特(te)征污(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)染(ran)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)（重金屬、酸(suan)性水(shui)）造(zao)成(cheng)土(tu)壤(rang)污(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)染(ran)的(de)(de)(de)范(fan)(fan)圍(wei)(wei)、主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)要污(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)染(ran)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)及(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)污(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)染(ran)途(tu)(tu)徑(jing)等(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)；調(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)查(cha)廢棄土(tu)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)復(fu)墾(ken)及(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)土(tu)壤(rang)污(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)染(ran)修復(fu)的(de)(de)(de)面(mian)積(ji)、范(fan)(fan)圍(wei)(wei)、措(cuo)(cuo)施(shi)(shi)及(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)成(cheng)效(xiao)(xiao)。（2）地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)形(xing)(xing)(xing)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)貌(mao)景觀(guan)破(po)壞(huai)調(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)查(cha)：調(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)查(cha)礦(kuang)山固(gu)(gu)體廢棄物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)（廢石渣(zha)、煤矸(gan)石堆、尾(wei)礦(kuang)渣(zha)等(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)）、地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)面(mian)塌(ta)(ta)陷(xian)(xian)等(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)造(zao)成(cheng)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)形(xing)(xing)(xing)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)貌(mao)改(gai)變的(de)(de)(de)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)點(dian)、方式及(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)范(fan)(fan)圍(wei)(wei)；調(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)查(cha)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)形(xing)(xing)(xing)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)貌(mao)景觀(guan)破(po)壞(huai)對(dui)城市、自然(ran)保護區(qu)(qu)、地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)質(zhi)遺跡(ji)、人(ren)(ren)文景觀(guan)及(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)要交(jiao)通(tong)干(gan)線(xian)等(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)的(de)(de)(de)影響和兩者(zhe)之間的(de)(de)(de)距離等(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)情(qing)況；調(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)查(cha)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)形(xing)(xing)(xing)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)貌(mao)景觀(guan)恢復(fu)治(zhi)理的(de)(de)(de)措(cuo)(cuo)施(shi)(shi)、成(cheng)效(xiao)(xiao)及(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)存(cun)(cun)(cun)在(zai)(zai)(zai)問(wen)(wen)題。（3）地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)表(biao)(biao)（下(xia)）水(shui)污(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)染(ran)調(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)查(cha)：主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)要利(li)用(yong)(yong)收(shou)集資料(liao)，配合樣品(pin)(pin)(pin)采(cai)(cai)樣等(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)手段，匯(hui)總(zong)堆放固(gu)(gu)體廢棄物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)對(dui)附近(jin)水(shui)體、周(zhou)圍(wei)(wei)土(tu)壤(rang)污(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)染(ran)影響的(de)(de)(de)相(xiang)(xiang)關(guan)成(cheng)果(guo)資料(liao)；匯(hui)總(zong)采(cai)(cai)礦(kuang)疏干(gan)排(pai)水(shui)過程(cheng)(cheng)中地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)下(xia)水(shui)系破(po)壞(huai)情(qing)況及(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)防治(zhi)措(cuo)(cuo)施(shi)(shi)、效(xiao)(xiao)果(guo)及(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)存(cun)(cun)(cun)在(zai)(zai)(zai)問(wen)(wen)題等(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)相(xiang)(xiang)關(guan)成(cheng)果(guo)資料(liao)；匯(hui)總(zong)礦(kuang)業(ye)活動導致(zhi)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)下(xia)水(shui)污(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)染(ran)的(de)(de)(de)途(tu)(tu)徑(jing)、方式、特(te)征污(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)染(ran)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)、影響范(fan)(fan)圍(wei)(wei)等(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)相(xiang)(xiang)關(guan)成(cheng)果(guo)資料(liao)。（4）地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)裂(lie)(lie)縫、地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)面(mian)塌(ta)(ta)陷(xian)(xian)調(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)查(cha)：調(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)查(cha)發(fa)(fa)生(sheng)時(shi)(shi)間、類型(xing)、分布、規(gui)模(mo)（長度、寬度、深度）、成(cheng)因、形(xing)(xing)(xing)態(tai)、數(shu)量、危害對(dui)象、危害程(cheng)(cheng)度、生(sheng)命及(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)財(cai)產損(sun)失、穩定(ding)(ding)狀(zhuang)態(tai)、發(fa)(fa)展趨勢(shi)、防治(zhi)措(cuo)(cuo)施(shi)(shi)以(yi)及(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)治(zhi)理效(xiao)(xiao)果(guo)等(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)；調(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)查(cha)對(dui)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)表(biao)(biao)建筑物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)、道(dao)路(lu)、設施(shi)(shi)、土(tu)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)等(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)破(po)壞(huai)情(qing)況；調(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)查(cha)對(dui)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)下(xia)（表(biao)(biao)）水(shui)、植被的(de)(de)(de)影響以(yi)及(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)人(ren)(ren)員(yuan)(yuan)傷(shang)亡和直接(jie)經濟(ji)損(sun)失等(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)；調(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)查(cha)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)裂(lie)(lie)縫、地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)面(mian)塌(ta)(ta)陷(xian)(xian)預防、治(zhi)理、監測的(de)(de)(de)措(cuo)(cuo)施(shi)(shi)與(yu)成(cheng)效(xiao)(xiao)以(yi)及(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)存(cun)(cun)(cun)在(zai)(zai)(zai)的(de)(de)(de)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)要問(wen)(wen)題。（5）崩(beng)塌(ta)(ta)、滑(hua)(hua)坡(po)(po)(po)(po)、泥(ni)石流(liu)(liu)調(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)查(cha)：調(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)查(cha)礦(kuang)業(ye)活動引發(fa)(fa)的(de)(de)(de)崩(beng)塌(ta)(ta)、滑(hua)(hua)坡(po)(po)(po)(po)泥(ni)石流(liu)(liu)發(fa)(fa)生(sheng)的(de)(de)(de)時(shi)(shi)間、地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)點(dian)、規(gui)模(mo)、人(ren)(ren)員(yuan)(yuan)傷(shang)亡和直接(jie)經濟(ji)損(sun)失；調(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)查(cha)礦(kuang)山工業(ye)場地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)及(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)道(dao)路(lu)邊坡(po)(po)(po)(po)、采(cai)(cai)空區(qu)(qu)山體邊部、固(gu)(gu)體堆積(ji)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)場等(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)崩(beng)塌(ta)(ta)、滑(hua)(hua)坡(po)(po)(po)(po)隱(yin)患的(de)(de)(de)類型(xing)、位置(zhi)、形(xing)(xing)(xing)態(tai)、規(gui)模(mo)及(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)滑(hua)(hua)坡(po)(po)(po)(po)穩定(ding)(ding)性、可(ke)能致(zhi)災的(de)(de)(de)范(fan)(fan)圍(wei)(wei)、威脅(xie)人(ren)(ren)員(yuan)(yuan)、財(cai)產等(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)；調(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)查(cha)泥(ni)石流(liu)(liu)類型(xing)、形(xing)(xing)(xing)成(cheng)區(qu)(qu)、流(liu)(liu)通(tong)區(qu)(qu)和堆積(ji)區(qu)(qu)、觸發(fa)(fa)水(shui)動力因素(su)（降雨、潰(kui)決、凍融）及(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)24h、1h和10min降雨量，以(yi)及(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)泥(ni)石流(liu)(liu)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)源(yuan)類型(xing)、數(shu)量、位置(zhi)、形(xing)(xing)(xing)態(tai)、規(gui)模(mo)、顆(ke)粒粒徑(jing)等(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)；調(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)查(cha)泥(ni)石流(liu)(liu)威脅(xie)范(fan)(fan)圍(wei)(wei)內的(de)(de)(de)建筑物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)、設施(shi)(shi)、人(ren)(ren)員(yuan)(yuan)、土(tu)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)等(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)情(qing)況；調(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)查(cha)崩(beng)塌(ta)(ta)、滑(hua)(hua)坡(po)(po)(po)(po)、泥(ni)石流(liu)(liu)及(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)其隱(yin)患的(de)(de)(de)防治(zhi)措(cuo)(cuo)施(shi)(shi)、成(cheng)效(xiao)(xiao)及(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)存(cun)(cun)(cun)在(zai)(zai)(zai)問(wen)(wen)題。（6）樣品(pin)(pin)(pin)采(cai)(cai)集：樣品(pin)(pin)(pin)包(bao)括(kuo)(kuo)(kuo)污(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)染(ran)源(yuan)污(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)染(ran)樣、土(tu)壤(rang)及(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)下(xia)（表(biao)(biao)）水(shui)污(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)染(ran)等(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)化(hua)(hua)學(xue)樣品(pin)(pin)(pin)。每(mei)處調(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)查(cha)區(qu)(qu)，尾(wei)礦(kuang)渣(zha)、煤矸(gan)石、礦(kuang)坑排(pai)水(shui)等(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)污(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)染(ran)源(yuan)樣品(pin)(pin)(pin)、代(dai)表(biao)(biao)性區(qu)(qu)段農田土(tu)壤(rang)（0~20cm）樣品(pin)(pin)(pin)，樣品(pin)(pin)(pin)數(shu)量根據調(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)查(cha)區(qu)(qu)范(fan)(fan)圍(wei)(wei)而定(ding)(ding)。測試(shi)項目包(bao)括(kuo)(kuo)(kuo)pH值、硫(liu)(liu)酸(suan)鹽(yan)、硝(xiao)酸(suan)鹽(yan)、汞、砷、鎘(ge)、銅(tong)、鋅、鉛(qian)、硒、六價鉻等(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)，視條件而定(ding)(ding)。沿礦(kuang)區(qu)(qu)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)下(xia)水(shui)補、徑(jing)、排(pai)方向(xiang)，通(tong)過水(shui)井(jing)等(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)方式，采(cai)(cai)集地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)下(xia)水(shui)污(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)染(ran)樣品(pin)(pin)(pin)，樣品(pin)(pin)(pin)數(shu)量根據調(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)查(cha)區(qu)(qu)范(fan)(fan)圍(wei)(wei)而定(ding)(ding)。測試(shi)項目包(bao)括(kuo)(kuo)(kuo)pH、氨(an)氮、揮發(fa)(fa)酚、氟化(hua)(hua)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)、氯化(hua)(hua)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)、硫(liu)(liu)酸(suan)鹽(yan)、硝(xiao)酸(suan)鹽(yan)、總(zong)硬(ying)度、溶(rong)解性固(gu)(gu)體、化(hua)(hua)學(xue)需(xu)氧量、汞、鉛(qian)、鎘(ge)、鉻、砷、銅(tong)、鋅等(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)，依據調(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)查(cha)區(qu)(qu)污(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)染(ran)源(yuan)中特(te)征重金屬元素(su)，可(ke)增(zeng)減測試(shi)元素(su)種類。

4結語

綜上(shang)(shang)所(suo)述，光學遙感技術、InSAR技術、無人機攝(she)影(ying)技術及野外調查(cha)手段方法可靠，運用上(shang)(shang)述方法，能夠滿足河北省采(cai)煤沉陷區調查(cha)與(yu)監(jian)測工作。

［參考文獻］

［1］趙淑(shu)英.煤炭開采對生態環境的破壞及防治措施［J］.礦業科學技術，2003（2）：3-5.

［2］黎煒(wei)，陳龍(long)乾，趙建(jian)林.我(wo)國煤炭開(kai)采對生態環境的(de)破壞(huai)及對策［J］.煤，2011，20（5）：35-37.

［3］朱建軍，李志偉(wei)，胡俊.InSAR變形監測方法與(yu)研(yan)究(jiu)進(jin)展［J］.測繪學報(bao)，2017，46（10）：1717-1733.

［4］張(zhang)振生，孟昆，谷延群.D-InSAR技術在礦山沉陷(xian)和地面沉降監(jian)測中的應用［J］.華北(bei)地震科學，2006（3）：47-51.

作(zuo)者：野(ye)兆瑞 單位：河北(bei)省煤田(tian)地質局新能源(yuan)地質隊