導語：外球(qiu)(qiu)面球(qiu)(qiu)軸承(cheng)座(zuo)數(shu)控(kong)復合加工機床探討一(yi)文來源于網友上傳(chuan)，不代表(biao)本站觀點(dian)，若需要(yao)原創文章可咨詢客服(fu)老(lao)師(shi)，歡迎參考。

摘要:針對當前外球面球軸承座加工精度及自動化程度低的問題，設計了一種數控復合加工機床，軸(zhou)承座(zuo)(zuo)僅一次裝夾(jia)，基于鏜(tang)(tang)桿旋轉(zhuan)中(zhong)心(xin)、刀(dao)具擺(bai)動中(zhong)心(xin)、工件(jian)球面(mian)中(zhong)心(xin)三心(xin)合一的復合運動原(yuan)理，通過粗鏜(tang)(tang)、鏜(tang)(tang)槽(cao)、半(ban)精鏜(tang)(tang)、精鏜(tang)(tang)完成球面(mian)孔(kong)和油槽(cao)的鏜(tang)(tang)削，同(tong)時完成球面(mian)注油孔(kong)鉆孔(kong)、攻絲加(jia)工。采用(yong)新(xin)的加(jia)工機床(chuang)后，軸(zhou)承座(zuo)(zuo)加(jia)工精度及(ji)生產效率(lv)大幅提高。

關鍵詞:滾動軸(zhou)承;外球面軸(zhou)承;軸(zhou)承座;機床;自動化(hua);加工精度

1概述

外(wai)(wai)(wai)(wai)(wai)球(qiu)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)球(qiu)軸承(cheng)座(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)內徑面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)與(yu)軸承(cheng)外(wai)(wai)(wai)(wai)(wai)徑面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)配合(he)，兩者之間具有自調心(xin)功能。隨無心(xin)磨(mo)削技術的(de)發展，外(wai)(wai)(wai)(wai)(wai)球(qiu)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)球(qiu)軸承(cheng)外(wai)(wai)(wai)(wai)(wai)徑面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)加(jia)(jia)工(gong)精度(du)已達(da)到較(jiao)高水(shui)平(ping)，但軸承(cheng)座(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)內徑面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)加(jia)(jia)工(gong)精度(du)仍較(jiao)低［1－5］，軸承(cheng)座(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)主(zhu)(zhu)要(yao)加(jia)(jia)工(gong)部位如圖1所(suo)示，包括球(qiu)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)孔、油(you)槽和(he)注油(you)孔。軸承(cheng)座(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)內徑面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)與(yu)軸承(cheng)外(wai)(wai)(wai)(wai)(wai)徑面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)精度(du)不(bu)匹配，會產生以(yi)下問題:1)球(qiu)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)不(bu)吻合(he)，潤(run)滑(hua)脂泄漏，泥土、灰塵、水(shui)分等容(rong)易(yi)進入，影(ying)(ying)響軸承(cheng)使用壽命(ming)和(he)工(gong)作性(xing)能;2)尺(chi)寸散差(cha)(cha)大，軸承(cheng)外(wai)(wai)(wai)(wai)(wai)徑面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)與(yu)軸承(cheng)座(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)內徑面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)通用性(xing)和(he)互換性(xing)差(cha)(cha);3)球(qiu)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)輪廓誤差(cha)(cha)大，配合(he)時(shi)零件易(yi)變形，影(ying)(ying)響其自調心(xin)功能。現(xian)有外(wai)(wai)(wai)(wai)(wai)球(qiu)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)球(qiu)軸承(cheng)座(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)加(jia)(jia)工(gong)設備以(yi)兩軸聯動插補(bu)數控(kong)(kong)車床為主(zhu)(zhu)流，存在以(yi)下不(bu)足:1)滾(gun)珠絲杠間隙(xi)、兩伺(si)服軸慣量不(bu)匹配影(ying)(ying)響軸承(cheng)座(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)球(qiu)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)輪廓度(du)，要(yao)保(bao)證(zheng)較(jiao)高的(de)加(jia)(jia)工(gong)精度(du)，成本較(jiao)高。2)兩軸插補(bu)時(shi)刀具幾何形狀(zhuang)誤差(cha)(cha)影(ying)(ying)響加(jia)(jia)工(gong)輪廓，導致誤差(cha)(cha)復(fu)映(ying)。3)工(gong)件旋轉，無法(fa)實現(xian)鉆孔、攻絲復(fu)合(he)加(jia)(jia)工(gong)，自動上、下料困難，工(gong)序分散，占地面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)積大。4)自動化程度(du)低。針對上述(shu)問題，開(kai)發了一種(zhong)外(wai)(wai)(wai)(wai)(wai)球(qiu)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)球(qiu)軸承(cheng)座(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)數控(kong)(kong)復(fu)合(he)加(jia)(jia)工(gong)機(ji)床。

2數控復合加工機床結構

2.1整體結構

外球面球軸(zhou)(zhou)承座(zuo)數控(kong)復合加(jia)工機(ji)(ji)床(chuang)采(cai)用(yong)(yong)模塊化設計，主(zhu)要由床(chuang)身、主(zhu)軸(zhou)(zhou)箱(xiang)、鏜頭(tou)(tou)體(含鏜刀伺服(fu)推拉機(ji)(ji)構(gou))、鉆攻單(dan)元(yuan)、工件拖(tuo)(tuo)板伺服(fu)進(jin)給機(ji)(ji)構(gou)(含工件夾具(ju)(ju))等組成，如圖2所示。通(tong)過高(gao)強(qiang)度(du)螺(luo)釘將主(zhu)軸(zhou)(zhou)箱(xiang)安裝在床(chuang)身上，采(cai)用(yong)(yong)騎縫銷(xiao)定(ding)(ding)(ding)位(wei)(wei)(wei)，鏜頭(tou)(tou)體與主(zhu)軸(zhou)(zhou)采(cai)用(yong)(yong)BT50錐柄(bing)連接，變頻電動機(ji)(ji)通(tong)過同步帶驅動主(zhu)軸(zhou)(zhou)旋(xuan)(xuan)轉，采(cai)用(yong)(yong)高(gao)精(jing)度(du)套筒式主(zhu)軸(zhou)(zhou)(軸(zhou)(zhou)、徑向跳動不超過0．005mm)，鏜桿(gan)機(ji)(ji)構(gou)旋(xuan)(xuan)轉精(jing)度(du)較高(gao)。鉆攻單(dan)元(yuan)固(gu)定(ding)(ding)(ding)于主(zhu)軸(zhou)(zhou)箱(xiang)上，依次為鉆孔機(ji)(ji)、攻絲機(ji)(ji)，水平可調整(zheng)，整(zheng)體可旋(xuan)(xuan)轉45°，滿(man)足偏角度(du)注油孔斜向鉆、攻的需求(qiu)。通(tong)過螺(luo)釘將工件拖(tuo)(tuo)板固(gu)定(ding)(ding)(ding)在床(chuang)身上，采(cai)用(yong)(yong)銷(xiao)釘定(ding)(ding)(ding)位(wei)(wei)(wei)，上拖(tuo)(tuo)板通(tong)過伺服(fu)電動機(ji)(ji)+聯軸(zhou)(zhou)器+滾珠絲杠驅動進(jin)給，自動夾具(ju)(ju)具(ju)(ju)有較高(gao)的定(ding)(ding)(ding)位(wei)(wei)(wei)精(jing)度(du)(±0．01mm)和(he)重復定(ding)(ding)(ding)位(wei)(wei)(wei)精(jing)度(du)(±0．005mm)，可依次精(jing)準進(jin)給至各(ge)工位(wei)(wei)(wei)。

2.2鏜頭體(ti)機構

鏜(tang)(tang)(tang)(tang)(tang)(tang)(tang)頭(tou)體(ti)為核心機(ji)構，鏜(tang)(tang)(tang)(tang)(tang)(tang)(tang)頭(tou)體(ti)(圖(tu)3)通(tong)過(guo)主軸(zhou)(zhou)和鏜(tang)(tang)(tang)(tang)(tang)(tang)(tang)刀伺(si)(si)服(fu)推(tui)拉機(ji)構(圖(tu)4)驅動(dong)(dong)實現鏜(tang)(tang)(tang)(tang)(tang)(tang)(tang)刀旋轉(zhuan)+擺(bai)動(dong)(dong)的(de)(de)復合(he)運(yun)(yun)動(dong)(dong)以及工件多工位進給。精(jing)(jing)鏜(tang)(tang)(tang)(tang)(tang)(tang)(tang)、半精(jing)(jing)鏜(tang)(tang)(tang)(tang)(tang)(tang)(tang)齒(chi)輪(lun)(lun)分別由(you)精(jing)(jing)鏜(tang)(tang)(tang)(tang)(tang)(tang)(tang)、半精(jing)(jing)鏜(tang)(tang)(tang)(tang)(tang)(tang)(tang)擺(bai)動(dong)(dong)圓錐滾子(zi)軸(zhou)(zhou)承(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)支(zhi)承(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)，圓錐滾子(zi)磨損后，通(tong)過(guo)壓緊端(duan)蓋可(ke)進行(xing)二次(ci)預緊，從而使刀具保持較高(gao)的(de)(de)擺(bai)動(dong)(dong)精(jing)(jing)度(du)。鏜(tang)(tang)(tang)(tang)(tang)(tang)(tang)刀連(lian)(lian)(lian)桿(gan)通(tong)過(guo)拉桿(gan)驅動(dong)(dong)鏜(tang)(tang)(tang)(tang)(tang)(tang)(tang)頭(tou)體(ti)內(nei)精(jing)(jing)鏜(tang)(tang)(tang)(tang)(tang)(tang)(tang)齒(chi)輪(lun)(lun)順、逆(ni)時針(zhen)擺(bai)動(dong)(dong)，擺(bai)動(dong)(dong)角度(du)由(you)伺(si)(si)服(fu)電(dian)動(dong)(dong)機(ji)控(kong)制，精(jing)(jing)鏜(tang)(tang)(tang)(tang)(tang)(tang)(tang)齒(chi)輪(lun)(lun)嚙合(he)驅動(dong)(dong)半精(jing)(jing)鏜(tang)(tang)(tang)(tang)(tang)(tang)(tang)齒(chi)輪(lun)(lun)同(tong)時順、逆(ni)時針(zhen)擺(bai)動(dong)(dong)，半精(jing)(jing)鏜(tang)(tang)(tang)(tang)(tang)(tang)(tang)齒(chi)輪(lun)(lun)驅動(dong)(dong)撥塊(kuai)，實現鏜(tang)(tang)(tang)(tang)(tang)(tang)(tang)槽刀具上、下(xia)進給。鏜(tang)(tang)(tang)(tang)(tang)(tang)(tang)刀伺(si)(si)服(fu)推(tui)拉－旋轉(zhuan)轉(zhuan)換機(ji)構由(you)伺(si)(si)服(fu)電(dian)動(dong)(dong)機(ji)、聯(lian)軸(zhou)(zhou)器、滾珠絲(si)杠軸(zhou)(zhou)承(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)座(zuo)、滾珠絲(si)杠組成(cheng)，伺(si)(si)服(fu)電(dian)動(dong)(dong)機(ji)驅動(dong)(dong)滾珠絲(si)杠旋轉(zhuan)，帶動(dong)(dong)滑(hua)座(zuo)前后移(yi)(yi)動(dong)(dong)，滑(hua)座(zuo)采用線規滑(hua)塊(kuai)導向(xiang)，鏜(tang)(tang)(tang)(tang)(tang)(tang)(tang)刀連(lian)(lian)(lian)桿(gan)通(tong)過(guo)可(ke)旋轉(zhuan)的(de)(de)軸(zhou)(zhou)承(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)座(zuo)安裝在滑(hua)座(zuo)上。鏜(tang)(tang)(tang)(tang)(tang)(tang)(tang)刀連(lian)(lian)(lian)桿(gan)完成(cheng)旋轉(zhuan)+前后移(yi)(yi)動(dong)(dong)的(de)(de)復合(he)運(yun)(yun)動(dong)(dong)。

3外球面球軸承座的加工

3.1軸(zhou)承座的整體(ti)復(fu)合加工流(liu)程

拖板(ban)安裝在床身上，上拖板(ban)通過(guo)伺服(fu)(fu)(fu)進(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)給(gei)機(ji)構(gou)驅動(dong)進(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)給(gei)，伺服(fu)(fu)(fu)進(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)給(gei)機(ji)構(gou)由(you)伺服(fu)(fu)(fu)電動(dong)機(ji)、彈性聯軸(zhou)器、滾珠絲杠組(zu)成(cheng)，支承(cheng)(cheng)為十字交叉滾子導(dao)軌，具(ju)(ju)(ju)有剛(gang)性好，動(dong)、靜摩擦因數一(yi)致(zhi)，定(ding)(ding)位精(jing)(jing)度高等優勢。夾(jia)具(ju)(ju)(ju)安裝在上拖板(ban)上，軸(zhou)承(cheng)(cheng)座在夾(jia)具(ju)(ju)(ju)上裝夾(jia)定(ding)(ding)位，上拖板(ban)在伺服(fu)(fu)(fu)進(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)給(gei)機(ji)構(gou)驅動(dong)下，軸(zhou)承(cheng)(cheng)座依(yi)次通過(guo)各工(gong)(gong)位。軸(zhou)承(cheng)(cheng)座進(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)給(gei)至注油孔鉆孔工(gong)(gong)位，鉆孔機(ji)完(wan)(wan)成(cheng)鉆孔，粗(cu)鏜(tang)(tang)(tang)(tang)刀具(ju)(ju)(ju)旋轉+軸(zhou)承(cheng)(cheng)座進(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)給(gei)完(wan)(wan)成(cheng)球(qiu)(qiu)面(mian)孔粗(cu)鏜(tang)(tang)(tang)(tang)圓柱黑皮(pi)，上拖板(ban)進(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)給(gei)至鏜(tang)(tang)(tang)(tang)槽(cao)位、半精(jing)(jing)鏜(tang)(tang)(tang)(tang)位、精(jing)(jing)鏜(tang)(tang)(tang)(tang)位，半精(jing)(jing)鏜(tang)(tang)(tang)(tang)刀具(ju)(ju)(ju)、鏜(tang)(tang)(tang)(tang)槽(cao)刀、精(jing)(jing)鏜(tang)(tang)(tang)(tang)刀具(ju)(ju)(ju)(攻絲機(ji)與精(jing)(jing)鏜(tang)(tang)(tang)(tang)同步)依(yi)次對(dui)軸(zhou)承(cheng)(cheng)座加(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)，完(wan)(wan)成(cheng)注油孔鉆孔→球(qiu)(qiu)面(mian)孔粗(cu)鏜(tang)(tang)(tang)(tang)圓柱→半精(jing)(jing)鏜(tang)(tang)(tang)(tang)球(qiu)(qiu)面(mian)→鏜(tang)(tang)(tang)(tang)油槽(cao)→精(jing)(jing)鏜(tang)(tang)(tang)(tang)球(qiu)(qiu)面(mian)(注油孔攻絲)的復合加(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)。

3.2球面(mian)孔(kong)、油槽的復合加(jia)工(gong)

通過螺釘鎖(suo)緊壓塊將粗鏜(tang)(tang)刀(dao)具(ju)安裝在鏜(tang)(tang)頭體(ti)端頭，主(zhu)軸(zhou)(zhou)帶動粗鏜(tang)(tang)刀(dao)具(ju)旋(xuan)轉(zhuan)，伺(si)服進給，完(wan)(wan)成軸(zhou)(zhou)承座圓柱孔的加工(gong)(gong)(主(zhu)要(yao)去除黑皮毛坯)。半(ban)精鏜(tang)(tang)刀(dao)具(ju)、精鏜(tang)(tang)單元至(zhi)軸(zhou)(zhou)承座球面(mian)中心(xin)，刀(dao)具(ju)完(wan)(wan)成旋(xuan)轉(zhuan)+擺(bai)動的復合(he)運(yun)動，滿足鏜(tang)(tang)桿旋(xuan)轉(zhuan)中心(xin)、刀(dao)具(ju)擺(bai)動中心(xin)、工(gong)(gong)件(jian)球面(mian)中心(xin)合(he)一的條件(jian)，依(yi)次完(wan)(wan)成球面(mian)孔的半(ban)精鏜(tang)(tang)、精鏜(tang)(tang)。精鏜(tang)(tang)單元具(ju)有尺寸微調功能，可保證球面(mian)孔的加工(gong)(gong)精度。鏜(tang)(tang)槽刀(dao)具(ju)位于(yu)軸(zhou)(zhou)承座油槽位置，半(ban)精鏜(tang)(tang)齒輪(lun)驅動撥塊，鏜(tang)(tang)槽刀(dao)具(ju)上(shang)、下(xia)進給+主(zhu)軸(zhou)(zhou)旋(xuan)轉(zhuan)的復合(he)運(yun)動完(wan)(wan)成油槽加工(gong)(gong)。

3.3注(zhu)油孔的復合加工

軸承(cheng)座(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)注油(you)孔(kong)(kong)一(yi)般先在打孔(kong)(kong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)上(shang)(shang)鉆(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)孔(kong)(kong)，再搬到攻(gong)(gong)(gong)絲(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)機(ji)(ji)(ji)上(shang)(shang)攻(gong)(gong)(gong)絲(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)完成，加(jia)工(gong)效率(lv)低。數控復(fu)合(he)(he)(he)加(jia)工(gong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)床鉆(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)攻(gong)(gong)(gong)單(dan)元(yuan)如圖5所示(shi)，通過(guo)螺釘將鉆(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)攻(gong)(gong)(gong)單(dan)元(yuan)安裝(zhuang)在主軸箱上(shang)(shang)，采用銷釘定位，鉆(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)孔(kong)(kong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)、攻(gong)(gong)(gong)絲(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)機(ji)(ji)(ji)安裝(zhuang)在滑(hua)(hua)座(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)上(shang)(shang)，滑(hua)(hua)座(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)與(yu)橫(heng)梁(liang)燕尾(wei)配合(he)(he)(he)，可(ke)(ke)水平調整，橫(heng)梁(liang)與(yu)回(hui)轉(zhuan)板(ban)組合(he)(he)(he)，鏈(lian)(lian)條(tiao)安裝(zhuang)在回(hui)轉(zhuan)板(ban)上(shang)(shang)，通過(guo)鏈(lian)(lian)輪(lun)(lun)(lun)機(ji)(ji)(ji)構驅(qu)動(dong)鏈(lian)(lian)條(tiao)，以(yi)回(hui)轉(zhuan)中心(xin)為中心(xin)可(ke)(ke)整體旋轉(zhuan)45°，滿足不同(tong)角度注油(you)孔(kong)(kong)的(de)(de)加(jia)工(gong)。鉆(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)孔(kong)(kong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)液壓(ya)驅(qu)動(dong)可(ke)(ke)上(shang)(shang)、下(xia)移(yi)動(dong)，電(dian)動(dong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)通過(guo)同(tong)步(bu)(bu)帶(dai)(dai)輪(lun)(lun)(lun)驅(qu)動(dong)鉆(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)孔(kong)(kong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)旋轉(zhuan)，鉆(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)頭(tou)旋轉(zhuan)+下(xia)降實現軸承(cheng)座(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)注油(you)孔(kong)(kong)的(de)(de)加(jia)工(gong)，結束后(hou)鉆(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)頭(tou)上(shang)(shang)升。1—鉆(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)頭(tou);2—支承(cheng)座(zuo)(zuo)(zuo);3—回(hui)轉(zhuan)板(ban);4—鏈(lian)(lian)條(tiao);5—鉆(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)孔(kong)(kong)同(tong)步(bu)(bu)帶(dai)(dai)輪(lun)(lun)(lun);6—鉆(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)孔(kong)(kong)電(dian)動(dong)機(ji)(ji)(ji);7—鏈(lian)(lian)輪(lun)(lun)(lun)機(ji)(ji)(ji)構;8—橫(heng)梁(liang);9—滑(hua)(hua)座(zuo)(zuo)(zuo);10—鉆(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)孔(kong)(kong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)同(tong)步(bu)(bu)帶(dai)(dai)輪(lun)(lun)(lun);11—攻(gong)(gong)(gong)絲(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)機(ji)(ji)(ji);12—攻(gong)(gong)(gong)絲(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)電(dian)動(dong)機(ji)(ji)(ji);13—攻(gong)(gong)(gong)絲(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)電(dian)動(dong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)同(tong)步(bu)(bu)帶(dai)(dai)輪(lun)(lun)(lun);14—絲(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)錐(zhui);15—回(hui)轉(zhuan)中心(xin)。圖5鉆(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)攻(gong)(gong)(gong)單(dan)元(yuan)Fig．5Drillingandtappingunit攻(gong)(gong)(gong)絲(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)機(ji)(ji)(ji)采用導(dao)(dao)桿式，導(dao)(dao)桿導(dao)(dao)程(cheng)等于絲(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)錐(zhui)導(dao)(dao)程(cheng)，電(dian)動(dong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)轉(zhuan)速與(yu)絲(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)桿導(dao)(dao)程(cheng)的(de)(de)乘積為絲(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)錐(zhui)升降速度，同(tong)步(bu)(bu)帶(dai)(dai)輪(lun)(lun)(lun)驅(qu)動(dong)攻(gong)(gong)(gong)絲(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)機(ji)(ji)(ji)導(dao)(dao)桿，攻(gong)(gong)(gong)絲(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)電(dian)動(dong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)正(zheng)轉(zhuan)，絲(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)錐(zhui)下(xia)降攻(gong)(gong)(gong)絲(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)，攻(gong)(gong)(gong)絲(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)電(dian)動(dong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)反(fan)轉(zhuan)，絲(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)錐(zhui)上(shang)(shang)升，完成軸承(cheng)座(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)注油(you)孔(kong)(kong)絲(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)孔(kong)(kong)的(de)(de)加(jia)工(gong)。

3.4優點及不足

復合加(jia)工(gong)(gong)的(de)優(you)點如下:1)鏜(tang)(tang)刀(dao)(dao)(dao)桿(gan)集粗鏜(tang)(tang)、半精(jing)(jing)(jing)鏜(tang)(tang)、精(jing)(jing)(jing)鏜(tang)(tang)、鏜(tang)(tang)油槽刀(dao)(dao)(dao)具于一(yi)(yi)體，精(jing)(jing)(jing)鏜(tang)(tang)刀(dao)(dao)(dao)采(cai)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)精(jing)(jing)(jing)鏜(tang)(tang)刀(dao)(dao)(dao)頭(tou)，具有微調功能(neng)，可提(ti)(ti)高球(qiu)(qiu)形和(he)球(qiu)(qiu)徑橢圓加(jia)工(gong)(gong)精(jing)(jing)(jing)度(du)。2)將(jiang)粗、精(jing)(jing)(jing)工(gong)(gong)序分開(kai)(kai)，零件應力(li)(li)得到充分釋(shi)放(fang)，減(jian)小(xiao)了(le)(le)誤差累積。3)粗、半精(jing)(jing)(jing)、精(jing)(jing)(jing)刀(dao)(dao)(dao)具分開(kai)(kai)，提(ti)(ti)高了(le)(le)刀(dao)(dao)(dao)具使用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)壽(shou)命及(ji)(ji)球(qiu)(qiu)面(mian)加(jia)工(gong)(gong)精(jing)(jing)(jing)度(du)。4)鏜(tang)(tang)球(qiu)(qiu)面(mian)孔工(gong)(gong)位(wei)有鉆(zhan)孔機(ji)、攻絲機(ji)，一(yi)(yi)次裝夾(jia)即(ji)可完成(cheng)注油孔的(de)加(jia)工(gong)(gong)，且配有自(zi)動化裝置，可實現自(zi)動上、下料(liao)。5)采(cai)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)全(quan)封閉護罩，可以帶切(qie)削液(ye)(ye)加(jia)工(gong)(gong)，減(jian)少(shao)了(le)(le)工(gong)(gong)件發熱導致(zhi)的(de)加(jia)工(gong)(gong)精(jing)(jing)(jing)度(du)低的(de)問題。存(cun)在的(de)不(bu)足及(ji)(ji)改進(jin)方向如下:1)刀(dao)(dao)(dao)具磨損(sun)后，無法同車(che)床(chuang)一(yi)(yi)樣通過改變數控系統(tong)參數進(jin)行刀(dao)(dao)(dao)具補償，需要(yao)手工(gong)(gong)調整(zheng)精(jing)(jing)(jing)鏜(tang)(tang)刀(dao)(dao)(dao)頭(tou)，操作不(bu)便。2)采(cai)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)全(quan)封閉護罩，鐵(tie)粉(fen)同切(qie)削液(ye)(ye)混(hun)合，切(qie)削液(ye)(ye)需定期更換。3)由于鏜(tang)(tang)桿(gan)直(zhi)徑較小(xiao)，剛性(xing)不(bu)足，小(xiao)尺(chi)寸軸承(cheng)座不(bu)宜(yi)選擇該(gai)類加(jia)工(gong)(gong)方式(shi)。后期可采(cai)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)定制(zhi)精(jing)(jing)(jing)鏜(tang)(tang)刀(dao)(dao)(dao)頭(tou)，減(jian)小(xiao)精(jing)(jing)(jing)鏜(tang)(tang)刀(dao)(dao)(dao)頭(tou)直(zhi)徑，提(ti)(ti)高鏜(tang)(tang)桿(gan)剛性(xing)。4)鉆(zhan)頭(tou)側向受(shou)力(li)(li)，易折斷。后期可增(zeng)加(jia)導向板，防止鉆(zhan)頭(tou)偏移，提(ti)(ti)高鉆(zhan)頭(tou)使用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)壽(shou)命。

4實際加工效果

采用新加(jia)工方案后，球形及球徑橢圓加(jia)工精度提(ti)高(gao)至(zhi)0．01mm以(yi)內，表面粗糙度Ｒa值從1．6～3．2μm降低至(zhi)1．0～1．6μm，每個刀具加(jia)工件數從20～30提(ti)高(gao)至(zhi)100，每套軸承加(jia)工時(shi)間從1．5～2．0min降低至(zhi)45～47s，單人操作(zuo)臺(tai)數從2臺(tai)提(ti)高(gao)至(zhi)5～12臺(tai)，加(jia)工精度及生產效率明顯提(ti)高(gao)。

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作者：王志偉 代思潔 安德生(sheng) 楊志強 賈玉(yu)浩 單位：上海(hai)旋(xuan)格(ge)自(zi)動化(hua)設備科技有(you)限公司(si)(si) 新(xin)鄉市福晟機(ji)(ji)械有(you)限公司(si)(si) 河南良正機(ji)(ji)械有(you)限公司(si)(si)