導語：雛雞生(sheng)理(li)發育特點制定管理(li)措施一文(wen)來源于(yu)網友上傳，不(bu)代表本站觀點，若需要原(yuan)創文(wen)章可咨(zi)詢客(ke)服老師(shi)，歡迎參考。

雛雞對外界環境比較敏感，需要較高的環境條件和飼養管理，這就要求我們充分了解雛雞的生理發育特點，來制定科學合理的管理措施，從(cong)而(er)在保(bao)證雛雞(ji)健康的前提下(xia)，獲取較(jiao)高的育雛成活率。

1生理發育特點

剛出(chu)殼的(de)雛(chu)(chu)(chu)雞(ji)(ji)就是(shi)一個開(kai)始分(fen)(fen)化的(de)組織(zhi)，在育雛(chu)(chu)(chu)第一周(zhou)內始終(zhong)處于分(fen)(fen)化的(de)關鍵階段，這個時(shi)期無(wu)論什么(me)因素影響了(le)組織(zhi)的(de)分(fen)(fen)化，都會致使今后的(de)生產性能下(xia)降。尤(you)其是(shi)育雛(chu)(chu)(chu)前(qian)3天更為重要(yao)，雛(chu)(chu)(chu)雞(ji)(ji)越(yue)小各種應激產生的(de)作用越(yue)大，所以雛(chu)(chu)(chu)雞(ji)(ji)入(ru)舍后我(wo)們應按照小時(shi)計算。如(ru)果(guo)早(zao)期管(guan)理不到位，對(dui)雛(chu)(chu)(chu)雞(ji)(ji)產生的(de)影響是(shi)不可逆轉和無(wu)法(fa)調整的(de)，為此(ci)首先了(le)解一下(xia)雛(chu)(chu)(chu)雞(ji)(ji)的(de)分(fen)(fen)化順序，并制定相應的(de)管(guan)理措(cuo)施。

1.1前3天生理(li)發育(yu)特點(dian)

良好(hao)的(de)營養和管理可(ke)(ke)以刺激雞(ji)(ji)體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)心(xin)血(xue)管系(xi)統(tong)的(de)快速(su)發育(yu)，以后(hou)雞(ji)(ji)體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)明顯的(de)表現(xian)是心(xin)臟體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)積較大、心(xin)臟功能(neng)強壯，雞(ji)(ji)群生長速(su)度快，可(ke)(ke)以避免(mian)猝死引起死淘(tao)率(lv)較高(gao)(gao)的(de)情況。前3天呼吸循環系(xi)統(tong)發育(yu)不(bu)健全，如果(guo)雞(ji)(ji)舍高(gao)(gao)溫，雛(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)雞(ji)(ji)不(bu)能(neng)靠呼吸系(xi)統(tong)來調(diao)節體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)溫，同時肺(fei)循環發育(yu)不(bu)良時，雛(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)雞(ji)(ji)生長速(su)度相對(dui)較快，容易發生腹(fu)水癥。育(yu)雛(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)早期法氏囊、胸腺、淋(lin)巴等(deng)免(mian)疫系(xi)統(tong)也(ye)開始發育(yu)，機體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)免(mian)疫系(xi)統(tong)分化(hua)較好(hao)的(de)，以后(hou)免(mian)疫接種后(hou)抗(kang)體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)水平(ping)較高(gao)(gao)且整齊一致。例如雛(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)雞(ji)(ji)免(mian)疫新城疫后(hou)隨機采血(xue)進行檢測，正常體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)重(zhong)的(de)抗(kang)體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)水平(ping)達8～9時，而體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)重(zhong)較小的(de)弱雞(ji)(ji)抗(kang)體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)水平(ping)僅為5～6，這樣弱小雞(ji)(ji)只對(dui)傳染病(bing)的(de)入侵就很(hen)敏感(gan)，成為暴(bao)發病(bing)情的(de)傳染源。因此應及時淘(tao)汰沒有飼(si)養價值(zhi)的(de)弱雛(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)，不(bu)僅可(ke)(ke)以降低飼(si)養密度，給大群提供更好(hao)的(de)生活(huo)環境，還可(ke)(ke)以控制病(bing)情的(de)發生。

1.2第4～10天生理發育特(te)點(dian)

雛(chu)(chu)雞在(zai)第4～5天才完成呼(hu)(hu)吸(xi)系(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)的(de)分(fen)化(hua)，以后可以通(tong)過(guo)呼(hu)(hu)吸(xi)系(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)來調節(jie)體(ti)(ti)溫。如(ru)果(guo)(guo)此時舍溫超標雖(sui)然(ran)不(bu)(bu)會(hui)引起雛(chu)(chu)雞的(de)死(si)淘，但(dan)會(hui)影響(xiang)呼(hu)(hu)吸(xi)系(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)的(de)分(fen)化(hua)，致使以后容(rong)易發(fa)生呼(hu)(hu)吸(xi)道疾病。在(zai)育(yu)雛(chu)(chu)一(yi)周后心血管系(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)、消(xiao)化(hua)系(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)、免疫系(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)等各組(zu)織(zhi)(zhi)的(de)分(fen)化(hua)已經完成，然(ran)后雞體(ti)(ti)開始生長(chang)羽(yu)毛、骨架和肌肉，即(ji)雛(chu)(chu)雞開始進入(ru)生長(chang)階段。如(ru)果(guo)(guo)雛(chu)(chu)雞一(yi)周末體(ti)(ti)重(zhong)不(bu)(bu)達標，不(bu)(bu)僅致使雛(chu)(chu)雞重(zhong)要(yao)組(zu)織(zhi)(zhi)系(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)分(fen)化(hua)不(bu)(bu)完善、雛(chu)(chu)雞生長(chang)受(shou)阻(zu)、均(jun)勻度(du)較低，還(huan)會(hui)嚴(yan)重(zhong)影響(xiang)育(yu)成期(qi)的(de)生長(chang)發(fa)育(yu)和產蛋期(qi)的(de)生產性(xing)能。

1.3第10～60天生理發育特點

雛(chu)(chu)雞(ji)在(zai)第10～12天(tian)開(kai)始建立生物鐘，以后要求飼(si)喂、光(guang)照、飲水(shui)、消毒等工作必須程序化，不能雜亂無章，影響(xiang)雞(ji)群(qun)的生活規律和(he)身體健康。在(zai)育(yu)雛(chu)(chu)第13～16天(tian)開(kai)始發(fa)育(yu)肌腱(jian)韌(ren)帶，需要增加(jia)雛(chu)(chu)雞(ji)活動范圍，促使雞(ji)只(zhi)盡量多(duo)運動有助于(yu)肌腱(jian)的充(chong)分(fen)發(fa)育(yu)。在(zai)第18～21天(tian)雛(chu)(chu)雞(ji)的肌肉和(he)骨架(jia)迅速增長，雞(ji)只(zhi)快速長大(da)，采食量也增加(jia)較多(duo)，隨后所有的組織(zhi)(zhi)器官也很快增長，到育(yu)雛(chu)(chu)后期(qi)56d，已經(jing)發(fa)育(yu)完成85%的骨架(jia)組織(zhi)(zhi)。

2相應管理措施

2.1刺(ci)激雛(chu)雞食欲

剛(gang)出殼的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)雛(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)雞(ji)(ji)不(bu)(bu)僅沒有(you)(you)任何食(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)欲(yu)，還不(bu)(bu)能(neng)(neng)將墊(dian)(dian)(dian)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)和(he)(he)飼(si)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)分辨出來(lai)，雛(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)雞(ji)(ji)采(cai)食(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)飼(si)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)在(zai)腸道內經過消化吸收后(hou)(hou)，這(zhe)些營(ying)養物質(zhi)進(jin)入(ru)血液到(dao)(dao)(dao)達大(da)腦(nao)，才(cai)(cai)能(neng)(neng)刺(ci)激(ji)食(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)欲(yu)中(zhong)樞產(chan)(chan)(chan)生(sheng)(sheng)采(cai)食(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)欲(yu)望，有(you)(you)了(le)食(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)欲(yu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)雛(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)雞(ji)(ji)才(cai)(cai)會主動采(cai)食(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)、開(kai)(kai)(kai)始(shi)生(sheng)(sheng)長(chang)(chang)發(fa)育(yu)，食(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)欲(yu)越(yue)好(hao)(hao)生(sheng)(sheng)長(chang)(chang)速度越(yue)快(kuai)(kuai)，否則生(sheng)(sheng)長(chang)(chang)發(fa)育(yu)緩慢。由此可(ke)見應該盡早讓(rang)雛(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)雞(ji)(ji)采(cai)食(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)到(dao)(dao)(dao)飼(si)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)、刺(ci)激(ji)其產(chan)(chan)(chan)生(sheng)(sheng)良好(hao)(hao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)食(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)欲(yu)，從而(er)達到(dao)(dao)(dao)快(kuai)(kuai)速增長(chang)(chang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)目的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)。雛(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)雞(ji)(ji)早期(qi)(qi)只(zhi)(zhi)對顆(ke)粒狀物體感(gan)興趣，如果剛(gang)開(kai)(kai)(kai)始(shi)采(cai)食(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)到(dao)(dao)(dao)與飼(si)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)顏色和(he)(he)形狀相(xiang)似的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)墊(dian)(dian)(dian)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)，雛(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)雞(ji)(ji)就(jiu)會覺得這(zhe)樣(yang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)東(dong)西不(bu)(bu)好(hao)(hao)吃，以(yi)(yi)后(hou)(hou)采(cai)食(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)過程中(zhong)就(jiu)會出現挑(tiao)食(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)現象(xiang)。因此在(zai)平養育(yu)雛(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)時(shi)應在(zai)墊(dian)(dian)(dian)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)上(shang)鋪(pu)設專用(yong)(yong)(yong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)墊(dian)(dian)(dian)紙（沒有(you)(you)條件(jian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)可(ke)以(yi)(yi)使(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)舊編織袋洗干凈(jing)消毒(du)后(hou)(hou)代替），籠養雛(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)雞(ji)(ji)可(ke)以(yi)(yi)在(zai)籠內鋪(pu)設墊(dian)(dian)(dian)紙，在(zai)墊(dian)(dian)(dian)紙和(he)(he)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)盤中(zhong)同時(shi)灑(sa)滿飼(si)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)讓(rang)雞(ji)(ji)只(zhi)(zhi)看(kan)到(dao)(dao)(dao)飼(si)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)而(er)不(bu)(bu)能(neng)(neng)接觸(chu)墊(dian)(dian)(dian)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)，這(zhe)樣(yang)育(yu)雛(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)后(hou)(hou)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)雛(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)雞(ji)(ji)即(ji)使(shi)(shi)撤掉(diao)(diao)墊(dian)(dian)(dian)紙也(ye)(ye)(ye)不(bu)(bu)會采(cai)食(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)墊(dian)(dian)(dian)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)了(le)。個(ge)別弱小(xiao)雛(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)雞(ji)(ji)在(zai)早期(qi)(qi)食(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)欲(yu)未(wei)被刺(ci)激(ji)起來(lai)，生(sheng)(sheng)長(chang)(chang)到(dao)(dao)(dao)第6周時(shi)脖(bo)子上(shang)或腹部兩側(ce)還未(wei)更(geng)換成(cheng)羽毛，還長(chang)(chang)滿早期(qi)(qi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)小(xiao)絨(rong)毛，成(cheng)為(wei)(wei)(wei)赤膊雞(ji)(ji)或小(xiao)僵雞(ji)(ji)，實驗證明(ming)這(zhe)樣(yang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)雞(ji)(ji)只(zhi)(zhi)生(sheng)(sheng)長(chang)(chang)到(dao)(dao)(dao)產(chan)(chan)(chan)蛋期(qi)(qi)，很(hen)少開(kai)(kai)(kai)產(chan)(chan)(chan)，即(ji)使(shi)(shi)能(neng)(neng)夠產(chan)(chan)(chan)蛋也(ye)(ye)(ye)是只(zhi)(zhi)產(chan)(chan)(chan)1～2枚蛋就(jiu)立(li)即(ji)停產(chan)(chan)(chan)。所以(yi)(yi)在(zai)育(yu)雛(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)結束時(shi)應將其徹底淘汰，以(yi)(yi)免弱小(xiao)雞(ji)(ji)只(zhi)(zhi)成(cheng)為(wei)(wei)(wei)傳播疾病的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)源泉，還可(ke)以(yi)(yi)節約大(da)量(liang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)飼(si)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)成(cheng)本。例如：一(yi)只(zhi)(zhi)肉種(zhong)雞(ji)(ji)飼(si)養到(dao)(dao)(dao)64周齡時(shi)共(gong)消耗大(da)約60kg的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)飼(si)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)，按照每噸飼(si)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)1800元(yuan)計(ji)算，浪費飼(si)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)成(cheng)本100多元(yuan)。這(zhe)也(ye)(ye)(ye)可(ke)以(yi)(yi)充分證明(ming)刺(ci)激(ji)雛(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)雞(ji)(ji)食(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)欲(yu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)重(zhong)要性(xing)。為(wei)(wei)(wei)了(le)讓(rang)雛(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)雞(ji)(ji)盡快(kuai)(kuai)開(kai)(kai)(kai)食(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)，在(zai)入(ru)舍前1小(xiao)時(shi)準備(bei)好(hao)(hao)飲(yin)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)和(he)(he)飼(si)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)，雛(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)雞(ji)(ji)入(ru)舍后(hou)(hou)可(ke)同時(shi)采(cai)食(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)到(dao)(dao)(dao)飼(si)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)和(he)(he)飲(yin)用(yong)(yong)(yong)到(dao)(dao)(dao)新鮮的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)溫(wen)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)。首次飲(yin)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)中(zhong)最好(hao)(hao)不(bu)(bu)添(tian)加(jia)藥(yao)物，以(yi)(yi)免藥(yao)物的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)苦味影響雛(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)雞(ji)(ji)不(bu)(bu)愿飲(yin)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)，進(jin)而(er)引起雛(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)雞(ji)(ji)食(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)欲(yu)減弱，為(wei)(wei)(wei)了(le)防(fang)止雛(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)雞(ji)(ji)脫(tuo)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)可(ke)在(zai)飲(yin)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)中(zhong)添(tian)加(jia)5%的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)葡(pu)萄糖，如果預防(fang)雛(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)雞(ji)(ji)感(gan)染細(xi)菌發(fa)生(sheng)(sheng)病情，可(ke)在(zai)第二次飲(yin)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)中(zhong)添(tian)加(jia)廣譜(pu)抗生(sheng)(sheng)素(su)，連續使(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)3～5d，同時(shi)在(zai)飲(yin)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)中(zhong)添(tian)加(jia)電解多維。前兩天飲(yin)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)器和(he)(he)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)線(xian)(xian)同時(shi)使(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)，2d后(hou)(hou)逐(zhu)漸撤掉(diao)(diao)飲(yin)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)器完(wan)全使(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)線(xian)(xian)供水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)。為(wei)(wei)(wei)了(le)刺(ci)激(ji)雛(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)雞(ji)(ji)食(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)欲(yu)最好(hao)(hao)采(cai)用(yong)(yong)(yong)有(you)(you)形狀的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)顆(ke)粒破碎料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)，并且顆(ke)粒飼(si)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)營(ying)養全價、經過熟化容易吸收利(li)用(yong)(yong)(yong)。前兩周使(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)蛋白和(he)(he)能(neng)(neng)量(liang)含量(liang)較高(gao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)雛(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)雞(ji)(ji)飼(si)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)，在(zai)雛(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)雞(ji)(ji)體重(zhong)達標、超過標準后(hou)(hou)才(cai)(cai)更(geng)換育(yu)成(cheng)飼(si)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)。育(yu)雛(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)早期(qi)(qi)應每3h添(tian)加(jia)一(yi)次飼(si)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)，每次添(tian)加(jia)3g左右(you)，有(you)(you)利(li)于刺(ci)激(ji)雛(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)雞(ji)(ji)食(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)欲(yu)和(he)(he)促使(shi)(shi)雛(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)雞(ji)(ji)隨(sui)時(shi)采(cai)食(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)到(dao)(dao)(dao)新鮮且營(ying)養豐(feng)富的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)飼(si)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)，盡快(kuai)(kuai)讓(rang)雛(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)雞(ji)(ji)在(zai)不(bu)(bu)同時(shi)間段(duan)達到(dao)(dao)(dao)要求的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)嗉囊豐(feng)滿度。

2.2控制好舍內溫度

因(yin)為(wei)雛(chu)(chu)雞(ji)(ji)在4～5d才(cai)完(wan)成呼(hu)(hu)吸(xi)(xi)系(xi)(xi)統的(de)分化，前(qian)(qian)3天(tian)(tian)呼(hu)(hu)吸(xi)(xi)系(xi)(xi)統不完(wan)善，如(ru)果(guo)(guo)舍(she)(she)(she)(she)溫太高雛(chu)(chu)雞(ji)(ji)不能通(tong)(tong)過呼(hu)(hu)吸(xi)(xi)系(xi)(xi)統來(lai)調節體溫。高溫還可(ke)以(yi)致使(shi)雛(chu)(chu)雞(ji)(ji)采(cai)食量減(jian)少(shao)、呼(hu)(hu)吸(xi)(xi)加快帶(dai)走(zou)大量的(de)體內水分，導致雛(chu)(chu)雞(ji)(ji)脫水、卵黃(huang)吸(xi)(xi)收不良、母源(yuan)抗體較低(di)，同(tong)時雛(chu)(chu)雞(ji)(ji)早期(qi)發(fa)育(yu)(yu)緩慢、羽毛(mao)生(sheng)長受阻、羽枝出現(xian)橫紋容易折斷，從而影(ying)響(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)雞(ji)(ji)群(qun)(qun)生(sheng)產性能和(he)增(zeng)(zeng)加飼(si)料(liao)成本。因(yin)此育(yu)(yu)雛(chu)(chu)早期(qi)舍(she)(she)(she)(she)溫切忌(ji)過高，盡量使(shi)用低(di)溫育(yu)(yu)雛(chu)(chu)。另外高溫育(yu)(yu)雛(chu)(chu)相比低(di)溫育(yu)(yu)雛(chu)(chu)給雞(ji)(ji)群(qun)(qun)帶(dai)來(lai)的(de)危(wei)害更大些(xie)，在雛(chu)(chu)雞(ji)(ji)運輸過程中也(ye)這樣要求(qiu)。因(yin)為(wei)前(qian)(qian)5天(tian)(tian)雛(chu)(chu)雞(ji)(ji)雞(ji)(ji)體主要是(shi)吸(xi)(xi)熱(re)(re)(re)，不能通(tong)(tong)過采(cai)食飼(si)料(liao)來(lai)獲取熱(re)(re)(re)量還可(ke)以(yi)通(tong)(tong)過呼(hu)(hu)吸(xi)(xi)向外散熱(re)(re)(re)，前(qian)(qian)3天(tian)(tian)育(yu)(yu)雛(chu)(chu)舍(she)(she)(she)(she)溫度(du)應(ying)(ying)達30～32℃，雞(ji)(ji)舍(she)(she)(she)(she)懸(xuan)掛的(de)溫度(du)計(ji)應(ying)(ying)提前(qian)(qian)校(xiao)對，防止舍(she)(she)(she)(she)內溫度(du)差異較大，引起(qi)雛(chu)(chu)雞(ji)(ji)均勻度(du)降(jiang)低(di)。5d后雞(ji)(ji)體開(kai)始放熱(re)(re)(re)，需(xu)要開(kai)始降(jiang)低(di)舍(she)(she)(she)(she)溫，每兩(liang)天(tian)(tian)降(jiang)低(di)1℃，還可(ke)以(yi)適(shi)當(dang)通(tong)(tong)風(feng)來(lai)排出雞(ji)(ji)舍(she)(she)(she)(she)熱(re)(re)(re)量和(he)污濁空氣，同(tong)時控制舍(she)(she)(she)(she)內溫度(du)正常。雞(ji)(ji)舍(she)(she)(she)(she)濕(shi)(shi)度(du)的(de)高低(di)也(ye)可(ke)以(yi)起(qi)到(dao)影(ying)響(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)溫度(du)的(de)作用，在以(yi)上溫度(du)的(de)前(qian)(qian)提下(xia)，前(qian)(qian)3～4天(tian)(tian)濕(shi)(shi)度(du)達70%～80%，如(ru)果(guo)(guo)能達到(dao)60%～70%也(ye)可(ke)以(yi)。前(qian)(qian)期(qi)應(ying)(ying)定期(qi)往(wang)地(di)面潑水和(he)使(shi)用噴霧(wu)器來(lai)增(zeng)(zeng)加濕(shi)(shi)度(du)。兩(liang)周后濕(shi)(shi)度(du)下(xia)降(jiang)到(dao)50%～60%。如(ru)果(guo)(guo)早期(qi)濕(shi)(shi)度(du)過低(di)會阻止羽毛(mao)生(sheng)長，甚至(zhi)影(ying)響(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)雛(chu)(chu)雞(ji)(ji)的(de)食欲和(he)生(sheng)長發(fa)育(yu)(yu)。

2.3體重必須(xu)達標

雛(chu)雞(ji)入舍(she)時(shi)就開(kai)始抽(chou)(chou)取(qu)(qu)(qu)幾(ji)個雞(ji)盒稱(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)取(qu)(qu)(qu)出生重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，然后在(zai)第4天抽(chou)(chou)取(qu)(qu)(qu)5%～10%的(de)雞(ji)只(zhi)稱(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，如(ru)果(guo)(guo)(guo)體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)達標(biao)(biao)說(shuo)明雞(ji)舍(she)準(zhun)備工(gong)作做得比(bi)較到位，在(zai)一(yi)周(zhou)末(mo)再(zai)稱(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)取(qu)(qu)(qu)體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，達標(biao)(biao)后或超標(biao)(biao)說(shuo)明開(kai)食(shi)、開(kai)水等(deng)育雛(chu)工(gong)作做得比(bi)較成功，哪個雞(ji)舍(she)的(de)雛(chu)雞(ji)體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)大，說(shuo)明這個雞(ji)舍(she)的(de)管理到位，盡量讓第一(yi)周(zhou)體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)超標(biao)(biao)，如(ru)果(guo)(guo)(guo)一(yi)個周(zhou)末(mo)體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)較輕、但(dan)均(jun)勻度(du)較高(gao)，相(xiang)對來講也是可(ke)(ke)以的(de)。由自由采食(shi)過渡到每(mei)日(ri)限飼(si)時(shi)，如(ru)果(guo)(guo)(guo)不(bu)能很好的(de)控制體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，可(ke)(ke)以每(mei)周(zhou)稱(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)2次(ci)重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)來隨(sui)時(shi)掌握雞(ji)群(qun)(qun)體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)發(fa)育狀況，通過增減飼(si)料(liao)的(de)方法來調(diao)整體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)達標(biao)(biao)。在(zai)3～4周(zhou)時(shi)逐只(zhi)稱(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)進(jin)行(xing)(xing)分群(qun)(qun)，此時(shi)要(yao)求雞(ji)群(qun)(qun)的(de)平均(jun)體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)超標(biao)(biao)30～50g，因為一(yi)般的(de)稱(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)都是包(bao)含飼(si)料(liao)的(de)，而管理指南上的(de)標(biao)(biao)準(zhun)體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)都是空腹體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，同時(shi)體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)偏低時(shi)往往均(jun)勻度(du)會(hui)很差。稱(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)應該固定時(shi)間、地點(dian)、數(shu)量、雞(ji)群(qun)(qun)等(deng)，并在(zai)限飼(si)日(ri)或喂料(liao)后6h進(jin)行(xing)(xing)。當稱(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)結(jie)(jie)果(guo)(guo)(guo)與標(biao)(biao)準(zhun)體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)相(xiang)差較多(duo)時(shi)，應該立即進(jin)行(xing)(xing)復稱(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)，保證稱(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)結(jie)(jie)果(guo)(guo)(guo)準(zhun)確可(ke)(ke)靠，切忌匆忙調(diao)整喂料(liao)量，導致雞(ji)群(qun)(qun)體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)忽高(gao)忽低。

2.4飼喂和光照

 雛(chu)雞(ji)入舍時(shi)按(an)照每(mei)只雞(ji)4～5g料(liao)量(liang)(liang)飼(si)(si)喂，然后(hou)(hou)每(mei)3h添加(jia)3g料(liao)，前(qian)3天(tian)每(mei)天(tian)加(jia)料(liao)8次(ci)，以后(hou)(hou)逐漸增(zeng)加(jia)每(mei)次(ci)添加(jia)的(de)料(liao)量(liang)(liang)，而減少加(jia)料(liao)次(ci)數。剛開(kai)始白(bai)天(tian)和晚上一(yi)樣飼(si)(si)喂，一(yi)周(zhou)后(hou)(hou)逐漸改成晚上不再飼(si)(si)喂，到(dao)(dao)14d后(hou)(hou)雛(chu)雞(ji)生物(wu)鐘建立，應固定飼(si)(si)喂時(shi)間(jian)(jian)、光照時(shi)間(jian)(jian)和操作(zuo)程(cheng)序，有(you)利(li)于雞(ji)群的(de)健康(kang)生長。育(yu)(yu)雛(chu)前(qian)3天(tian)光照時(shi)間(jian)(jian)為23h，光照強度達60～80lux，然后(hou)(hou)每(mei)天(tian)降(jiang)低光照時(shi)間(jian)(jian)0.5h，到(dao)(dao)2～3周(zhou)逐漸降(jiang)到(dao)(dao)8h，強度降(jiang)到(dao)(dao)5～10lux,最好在3周(zhou)末(mo)(mo)光強不要降(jiang)下(xia)來(lai)，因13～16d是肌(ji)腱(jian)韌帶發(fa)育(yu)(yu)的(de)關鍵期，較(jiao)(jiao)高的(de)光照強度可以刺激雛(chu)雞(ji)活動(dong)，有(you)利(li)于肌(ji)腱(jian)和韌帶的(de)發(fa)育(yu)(yu)。同時(shi)在一(yi)周(zhou)末(mo)(mo)進行分(fen)群，讓(rang)雛(chu)雞(ji)有(you)足夠的(de)面積充分(fen)活動(dong)起來(lai)。只有(you)肌(ji)腱(jian)發(fa)育(yu)(yu)良好，才能保證以后(hou)(hou)雞(ji)群有(you)較(jiao)(jiao)高的(de)受(shou)精(jing)率(lv)。

2.5保(bao)證料(liao)位合理

從雛(chu)雞(ji)(ji)(ji)入舍(she)就應(ying)(ying)(ying)注意料(liao)(liao)(liao)位，保證每(mei)只雛(chu)雞(ji)(ji)(ji)都(dou)能隨時(shi)找到飼(si)料(liao)(liao)(liao)進行采食。并且(qie)每(mei)個(ge)料(liao)(liao)(liao)盤添加料(liao)(liao)(liao)量一(yi)樣。尤其是3周后雛(chu)雞(ji)(ji)(ji)采食量和(he)生長速(su)度(du)增(zeng)加很(hen)快(kuai)，為(wei)了(le)維持(chi)雞(ji)(ji)(ji)群(qun)有較高(gao)的(de)(de)均(jun)(jun)勻度(du)，更應(ying)(ying)(ying)隨時(shi)增(zeng)加料(liao)(liao)(liao)位和(he)擴大飼(si)養面積，確保料(liao)(liao)(liao)位合(he)理(li)(li)和(he)雞(ji)(ji)(ji)群(qun)有一(yi)個(ge)良好(hao)的(de)(de)生活環境。這(zhe)(zhe)樣也可以(yi)避免雞(ji)(ji)(ji)群(qun)爭搶飼(si)料(liao)(liao)(liao)嚴重(zhong)(zhong)引起損(sun)傷(shang)(shang)。雞(ji)(ji)(ji)群(qun)早(zao)期均(jun)(jun)勻度(du)控制良好(hao)，以(yi)后體(ti)重(zhong)(zhong)分(fen)化差(cha)(cha)異較小(xiao)，否則隨著限飼(si)強度(du)的(de)(de)加大，雞(ji)(ji)(ji)只體(ti)重(zhong)(zhong)的(de)(de)差(cha)(cha)異會更大。有的(de)(de)管理(li)(li)者(zhe)為(wei)了(le)提高(gao)雞(ji)(ji)(ji)群(qun)均(jun)(jun)勻度(du)，一(yi)味(wei)的(de)(de)增(zeng)加調(diao)整(zheng)雞(ji)(ji)(ji)群(qun)的(de)(de)次數，這(zhe)(zhe)樣浪(lang)費很(hen)多人力(li)物力(li)，還對雞(ji)(ji)(ji)群(qun)產生很(hen)大應(ying)(ying)(ying)激和(he)傷(shang)(shang)害。因此對雞(ji)(ji)(ji)群(qun)越(yue)早(zao)調(diao)整(zheng)越(yue)好(hao)，在日常工作(zuo)中利(li)用免疫和(he)斷(duan)喙(hui)的(de)(de)時(shi)間隨時(shi)將小(xiao)雞(ji)(ji)(ji)挑出，及時(shi)增(zeng)加料(liao)(liao)(liao)量，促使小(xiao)體(ti)重(zhong)(zhong)的(de)(de)雞(ji)(ji)(ji)只盡快(kuai)趕上標準體(ti)重(zhong)(zhong)。

作者：于建文 單(dan)位：山西(xi)省朔州(zhou)市(shi)應縣(xian)南(nan)泉(quan)鄉人(ren)民政府(fu)便民服務中心