導語：新建(jian)灌溉(gai)發(fa)電隧洞(dong)設計分析一文來(lai)源于網友上傳(chuan)，不代表本站觀點，若需要原(yuan)創文章可咨(zi)詢客服(fu)老師，歡迎參(can)考。

摘要：塘灣水庫壩下涵管結構強度低，內襯鋼板銹蝕，存在接縫漏水問題；豎井混凝土老化，木閘門腐爛磨損，螺桿啟閉機操作困難等問題。文章對壩下涵管原址拆除重建與新建灌溉發電隧洞兩(liang)種方案(an)進行比(bi)選(xuan)，從(cong)工(gong)程投資、施工(gong)安全以及大壩防滲等安全角度綜合考慮，最(zui)終選(xuan)定新(xin)建(jian)灌溉(gai)發電(dian)(dian)隧洞方案(an)，對原壩下灌溉(gai)發電(dian)(dian)涵管進行封堵。文章簡要介紹(shao)了新(xin)建(jian)灌溉(gai)發電(dian)(dian)隧洞的(de)工(gong)程布置(zhi)，并(bing)對其進行了結構復(fu)核(he)計(ji)算，計(ji)算結果滿(man)足相關規(gui)范(fan)規(gui)定。

關鍵詞：水庫除(chu)險加固工程；壩下輸水涵(han)管；新建灌溉發(fa)電(dian)隧(sui)洞(dong)

１工程概況

塘(tang)灣(wan)(wan)水庫(ku)位于(yu)(yu)江(jiang)西(xi)省貴(gui)溪市塘(tang)灣(wan)(wan)鎮賽前村(cun)，是(shi)一(yi)座(zuo)以(yi)灌(guan)溉(gai)為主，兼顧防洪(hong)(hong)、養(yang)殖(zhi)、發電(dian)等(deng)綜合利(li)用(yong)的中型水庫(ku)。樞紐工(gong)程(cheng)主要建(jian)筑(zhu)物(wu)(wu)包括：大(da)壩(ba)、溢洪(hong)(hong)道、壩(ba)下(xia)涵(han)(han)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)、電(dian)站及水庫(ku)灌(guan)區渠系(xi)建(jian)筑(zhu)物(wu)(wu)等(deng)。塘(tang)灣(wan)(wan)水庫(ku)壩(ba)下(xia)輸水涵(han)(han)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)位于(yu)(yu)右端壩(ba)下(xia)，原涵(han)(han)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)為鋼筋(jin)混(hun)凝土(tu)圓形壓力管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)，管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)徑(jing)１．２ｍ，管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)壁(bi)厚(hou)０．２５ｍ，進口底板(ban)高程(cheng)為９４．５ｍ，出口底板(ban)高程(cheng)為９３．０ｍ，全長１７２．５ｍ。１９７５年塘(tang)灣(wan)(wan)水庫(ku)壩(ba)后電(dian)站建(jian)成(cheng)，發電(dian)試機時，發現(xian)(xian)涵(han)(han)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)嚴重(zhong)漏(lou)水，并帶有大(da)壩(ba)土(tu)料(liao)，即(ji)停止發電(dian)。１９７６年冬豎(shu)井后壩(ba)下(xia)涵(han)(han)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)豎(shu)井后至(zhi)尾(wei)部彎頭處(chu)鋼筋(jin)混(hun)凝土(tu)圓形壓力管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)內(nei)以(yi)８～１０ｍｍ厚(hou)鋼板(ban)內(nei)襯(chen)(chen)加固(gu)長８３．８ｍ，作為發電(dian)、灌(guan)溉(gai)取水用(yong)涵(han)(han)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)，由豎(shu)井控制取水。鋼管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)與原鋼筋(jin)混(hun)凝土(tu)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)之間(jian)采用(yong)回填灌(guan)漿(jiang)，內(nei)襯(chen)(chen)后管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)道短時間(jian)運行較好，但１９９１年涵(han)(han)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)再次出現(xian)(xian)漏(lou)水，經檢查襯(chen)(chen)砌(qi)鋼管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)的接(jie)縫處(chu)有４條裂(lie)縫，且(qie)鋼管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)與原涵(han)(han)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)之間(jian)有空(kong)洞現(xian)(xian)象，同年冬，對涵(han)(han)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)已開(kai)裂(lie)的焊(han)縫重(zhong)新焊(han)接(jie)，并采用(yong)ＰＣＣ材料(liao)拌水泥進行灌(guan)漿(jiang)處(chu)理，施工(gong)時將與涵(han)(han)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)連接(jie)的發電(dian)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)道拆除１０ｍ重(zhong)新澆注(zhu)。１９９９年冬又發現(xian)(xian)涵(han)(han)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)漏(lou)水，至(zhi)今未再做任何處(chu)理［１－４］。

２壩下涵管存在主要問題

２．１安(an)全鑒定結論(lun)

壩(ba)下涵(han)管(guan)(guan)豎井(jing)前段為(wei)鋼筋混(hun)凝土圓(yuan)形(xing)(xing)壓(ya)力管(guan)(guan)；豎井(jing)后(hou)段為(wei)鋼筋混(hun)凝土圓(yuan)形(xing)(xing)壓(ya)力管(guan)(guan)內襯(chen)(chen)鋼板，混(hun)凝土圓(yuan)形(xing)(xing)壓(ya)力管(guan)(guan)老(lao)(lao)化、裂縫漏水(shui)(shui)，后(hou)段內襯(chen)(chen)鋼管(guan)(guan)回填灌漿不密實，鋼板銹蝕，接縫漏水(shui)(shui)。豎井(jing)混(hun)凝土老(lao)(lao)化，木閘門(men)腐(fu)爛磨損，漏水(shui)(shui)嚴(yan)重，螺桿啟閉(bi)機人工操作困難(nan)。通過(guo)對壩(ba)下涵(han)管(guan)(guan)的結(jie)(jie)構強(qiang)度(du)復核計(ji)算，壩(ba)下涵(han)管(guan)(guan)結(jie)(jie)構強(qiang)度(du)不能滿足要求(qiu)，壩(ba)下涵(han)管(guan)(guan)結(jie)(jie)構安全(quan)性為(wei)Ｃ級(ji)。

２．２現場檢(jian)查及地(di)勘發現問題

現(xian)場檢(jian)查(cha)時由于(yu)(yu)庫水(shui)(shui)(shui)位較高，水(shui)(shui)(shui)庫正供水(shui)(shui)(shui)發電，無(wu)法(fa)(fa)放空水(shui)(shui)(shui)庫，控制閘(zha)門為(wei)木閘(zha)門，木閘(zha)門陳舊磨損(sun)，閘(zha)門無(wu)法(fa)(fa)緊密(mi)關閉，漏水(shui)(shui)(shui)嚴重(zhong)，出口閘(zha)閥無(wu)進(jin)人孔，人員(yuan)無(wu)法(fa)(fa)入(ru)內檢(jian)查(cha)，根據管委會工(gong)作(zuo)人員(yuan)介紹與(yu)查(cha)閱(yue)相關資料，發現(xian)混(hun)凝土(tu)(tu)圓形(xing)壓(ya)(ya)力管老化(hua)(hua)、裂縫漏水(shui)(shui)(shui)，后段(duan)內襯鋼(gang)管回填(tian)灌(guan)漿(jiang)(jiang)不密(mi)實，鋼(gang)板(ban)銹蝕，接(jie)縫漏水(shui)(shui)(shui)。豎(shu)井(jing)混(hun)凝土(tu)(tu)老化(hua)(hua)，螺桿啟閉機人工(gong)操作(zuo)困難。經勘察發現(xian)，涵管基(ji)礎均(jun)坐落于(yu)(yu)全風化(hua)(hua)花崗巖上(shang)，承(cheng)載力滿足要求，基(ji)本(ben)不存(cun)在變(bian)形(xing)穩(wen)定問(wen)題(ti)。但由于(yu)(yu)使用年限已達５０年之久，存(cun)在混(hun)凝土(tu)(tu)圓形(xing)壓(ya)(ya)力管老化(hua)(hua)、裂縫漏水(shui)(shui)(shui)，后段(duan)內襯鋼(gang)管回填(tian)灌(guan)漿(jiang)(jiang)不密(mi)實，鋼(gang)板(ban)銹蝕，接(jie)縫漏水(shui)(shui)(shui)問(wen)題(ti)及安全隱患(huan)：還存(cun)在豎(shu)井(jing)混(hun)凝土(tu)(tu)老化(hua)(hua)，木閘(zha)門腐爛磨損(sun)，漏水(shui)(shui)(shui)嚴重(zhong)，螺桿啟閉機人工(gong)操作(zuo)困難問(wen)題(ti)及安全隱患(huan)：經前(qian)期勘察檢(jian)測(ce)豎(shu)井(jing)混(hun)凝土(tu)(tu)強(qiang)度(du)推定值(zhi)為(wei)１１．４ＭＰａ，強(qiang)度(du)值(zhi)偏低，出現(xian)混(hun)凝土(tu)(tu)老化(hua)(hua)現(xian)象(xiang)，建議對其進(jin)行處理。

３壩下涵管加固設計方案比選

由(you)于壩下(xia)(xia)(xia)涵管(guan)(guan)(guan)管(guan)(guan)(guan)身結(jie)構強度不滿(man)(man)足要求(qiu)，采用(yong)(yong)高強砂漿(jiang)修(xiu)補(bu)提高不了結(jie)構強度，且(qie)難(nan)以保證(zheng)效果；對(dui)(dui)(dui)涵管(guan)(guan)(guan)進(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)行內(nei)襯鋼筋(jin)混凝土(tu)雖能(neng)滿(man)(man)足強度要求(qiu)，但大(da)(da)(da)大(da)(da)(da)縮(suo)小了隧(sui)洞(dong)(dong)洞(dong)(dong)徑，改變了原(yuan)(yuan)有(you)過流(liu)(liu)規模，且(qie)影響涵管(guan)(guan)(guan)檢(jian)修(xiu)和(he)發電站的(de)正常使用(yong)(yong)，故本(ben)階段(duan)加(jia)固設(she)(she)(she)(she)計擬(ni)定以下(xia)(xia)(xia)兩種方(fang)(fang)案(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)進(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)行比較(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)：方(fang)(fang)案(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)一(yi)：原(yuan)(yuan)址拆除(chu)重(zhong)(zhong)建(jian)(jian)(jian)加(jia)固方(fang)(fang)案(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)。對(dui)(dui)(dui)原(yuan)(yuan)涵管(guan)(guan)(guan)進(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)行挖除(chu)重(zhong)(zhong)建(jian)(jian)(jian)，涵管(guan)(guan)(guan)總(zong)(zong)長(chang)１７２．５ｍ，斷面型式為(wei)鋼筋(jin)混凝土(tu)襯砌圓形(xing)涵管(guan)(guan)(guan)，內(nei)徑１．８ｍ，襯砌厚(hou)(hou)度０．４ｍ。拆除(chu)重(zhong)(zhong)建(jian)(jian)(jian)進(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)口閘(zha)(zha)室(shi)及出(chu)水(shui)口，新(xin)(xin)設(she)(she)(she)(she)閘(zha)(zha)門(men)及其啟閉(bi)設(she)(she)(she)(she)備。方(fang)(fang)案(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)二(er)：新(xin)(xin)開洞(dong)(dong)線方(fang)(fang)案(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)。在壩肩新(xin)(xin)開一(yi)條洞(dong)(dong)線，隧(sui)洞(dong)(dong)總(zong)(zong)長(chang)１９５．６ｍ，斷面型式為(wei)鋼筋(jin)混凝土(tu)襯砌圓形(xing)隧(sui)洞(dong)(dong)，內(nei)徑１．８ｍ，襯砌厚(hou)(hou)度０．４ｍ。新(xin)(xin)建(jian)(jian)(jian)進(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)口閘(zha)(zha)室(shi)及出(chu)水(shui)口，新(xin)(xin)設(she)(she)(she)(she)閘(zha)(zha)門(men)及其啟閉(bi)設(she)(she)(she)(she)備，對(dui)(dui)(dui)原(yuan)(yuan)壩下(xia)(xia)(xia)灌溉發電涵管(guan)(guan)(guan)進(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)行封(feng)堵處理，并進(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)行回填灌漿(jiang)。兩種方(fang)(fang)案(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)比較(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)情況見表(biao)１。從表(biao)１比較(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)結(jie)果可知(zhi)，方(fang)(fang)案(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)二(er)較(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)方(fang)(fang)案(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)一(yi)投(tou)資較(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)小，同時方(fang)(fang)案(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)一(yi)無施(shi)工(gong)導流(liu)(liu)設(she)(she)(she)(she)施(shi)，圍(wei)堰工(gong)程量較(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)大(da)(da)(da)，且(qie)涵管(guan)(guan)(guan)開挖邊坡高度達(da)３０ｍ，不利于安全施(shi)工(gong)。另(ling)外壩下(xia)(xia)(xia)設(she)(she)(she)(she)涵管(guan)(guan)(guan)對(dui)(dui)(dui)大(da)(da)(da)壩滲流(liu)(liu)安全留有(you)隱患，因此本(ben)次(ci)加(jia)固處理采用(yong)(yong)方(fang)(fang)案(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)二(er)（新(xin)(xin)開隧(sui)洞(dong)(dong)方(fang)(fang)案(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)）。由(you)于右岸的(de)溢(yi)洪(hong)道進(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)口緊鄰大(da)(da)(da)壩，大(da)(da)(da)壩和(he)溢(yi)洪(hong)道之間的(de)山體較(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)單薄，頂(ding)部及大(da)(da)(da)壩側圍(wei)巖厚(hou)(hou)度受限制，成洞(dong)(dong)條件較(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)差(cha)；如在溢(yi)洪(hong)道遠離大(da)(da)(da)壩一(yi)側新(xin)(xin)建(jian)(jian)(jian)隧(sui)洞(dong)(dong)，洞(dong)(dong)線較(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)長(chang)且(qie)需要穿越溢(yi)洪(hong)道，頂(ding)部圍(wei)巖厚(hou)(hou)度受限制；另(ling)新(xin)(xin)建(jian)(jian)(jian)隧(sui)洞(dong)(dong)布置(zhi)在右岸對(dui)(dui)(dui)溢(yi)洪(hong)道行洪(hong)及以后運行管(guan)(guan)(guan)理都有(you)影響。綜合以上(shang)因素，本(ben)次(ci)新(xin)(xin)建(jian)(jian)(jian)隧(sui)洞(dong)(dong)洞(dong)(dong)線布置(zhi)于左(zuo)岸壩肩山體。

４新建灌溉發電隧洞設計

新建發(fa)(fa)電(dian)灌(guan)溉隧(sui)(sui)(sui)(sui)(sui)洞(dong)(dong)(dong)由(you)進水(shui)(shui)閘(zha)(zha)(zha)、進口(kou)漸(jian)變(bian)段(duan)、洞(dong)(dong)(dong)身(shen)段(duan)、出口(kou)漸(jian)變(bian)段(duan)、出口(kou)閥房(fang)(fang)組成。進水(shui)(shui)閘(zha)(zha)(zha)閘(zha)(zha)(zha)室長(chang)１０．８ｍ，閘(zha)(zha)(zha)墩(dun)厚(hou)１．５ｍ，閘(zha)(zha)(zha)墩(dun)頂高(gao)程(cheng)(cheng)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)１２３．３ｍ，底(di)(di)(di)板高(gao)程(cheng)(cheng)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)９３．８ｍ。閘(zha)(zha)(zha)室布(bu)置(zhi)檢修閘(zha)(zha)(zha)門、工(gong)作閘(zha)(zha)(zha)門各一道，工(gong)作閘(zha)(zha)(zha)門后設(she)通(tong)氣進人孔(kong)。閘(zha)(zha)(zha)墩(dun)上部(bu)布(bu)置(zhi)啟閉機房(fang)(fang)，閘(zha)(zha)(zha)墩(dun)頂設(she)２．６ｍ寬(kuan)的交(jiao)通(tong)橋與大壩(ba)(ba)壩(ba)(ba)頂路面相接。隧(sui)(sui)(sui)(sui)(sui)洞(dong)(dong)(dong)采(cai)用(yong)鋼筋混(hun)凝土襯砌(qi)，內徑１．８ｍ，襯砌(qi)厚(hou)０．４ｍ，隧(sui)(sui)(sui)(sui)(sui)洞(dong)(dong)(dong)總長(chang)１９５．６ｍ，隧(sui)(sui)(sui)(sui)(sui)洞(dong)(dong)(dong)縱坡(po)(po)０．４２％。隧(sui)(sui)(sui)(sui)(sui)洞(dong)(dong)(dong)０＋０００．０～隧(sui)(sui)(sui)(sui)(sui)洞(dong)(dong)(dong)０＋００６．０ｍ為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)進口(kou)漸(jian)變(bian)段(duan)，隧(sui)(sui)(sui)(sui)(sui)洞(dong)(dong)(dong)０＋００６．０～隧(sui)(sui)(sui)(sui)(sui)洞(dong)(dong)(dong)０＋０５２．７ｍ為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)直(zhi)線段(duan)，隧(sui)(sui)(sui)(sui)(sui)洞(dong)(dong)(dong)０＋０５２．７ｍ～隧(sui)(sui)(sui)(sui)(sui)洞(dong)(dong)(dong)０＋１１９．３ｍ為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)平彎段(duan)，轉(zhuan)彎半徑６０．３ｍ，轉(zhuan)角６３．２９°，弧長(chang)６６．６ｍ；隧(sui)(sui)(sui)(sui)(sui)洞(dong)(dong)(dong)０＋１１９．３～０＋１８９．６ｍ段(duan)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)直(zhi)線段(duan)，隧(sui)(sui)(sui)(sui)(sui)洞(dong)(dong)(dong)０＋１８９．６～隧(sui)(sui)(sui)(sui)(sui)洞(dong)(dong)(dong)０＋１９５．６ｍ為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)出口(kou)漸(jian)變(bian)段(duan)。隧(sui)(sui)(sui)(sui)(sui)洞(dong)(dong)(dong)全(quan)線進行回填及(ji)固結灌(guan)漿(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)，回填灌(guan)漿(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)全(quan)線布(bu)置(zhi)于隧(sui)(sui)(sui)(sui)(sui)洞(dong)(dong)(dong)頂拱１２０°范(fan)圍內，固結灌(guan)漿(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)沿軸線方(fang)向間距為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)３ｍ，每(mei)(mei)個(ge)斷(duan)面設(she)６個(ge)固結灌(guan)漿(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)孔(kong)，夾角為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)６０°，孔(kong)深３．０ｍ。考(kao)慮到庫水(shui)(shui)的侵蝕性，隧(sui)(sui)(sui)(sui)(sui)洞(dong)(dong)(dong)各部(bu)位混(hun)凝土采(cai)用(yong)低(di)堿性水(shui)(shui)泥或摻(chan)粉煤灰拌制(zhi)，混(hun)凝土強度(du)等級為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)Ｃ２５。考(kao)慮到隧(sui)(sui)(sui)(sui)(sui)洞(dong)(dong)(dong)進、出口(kou)明挖段(duan)邊(bian)坡(po)(po)較高(gao)且陡，本次設(she)計(ji)對隧(sui)(sui)(sui)(sui)(sui)洞(dong)(dong)(dong)進出口(kou)開挖邊(bian)坡(po)(po)進行適(shi)當襯護(hu)，襯護(hu)采(cai)用(yong)１０ｃｍ厚(hou)掛網噴Ｃ２０混(hun)凝土，坡(po)(po)面設(she)排(pai)水(shui)(shui)孔(kong)，頂部(bu)和(he)側邊(bian)設(she)置(zhi)排(pai)水(shui)(shui)溝。由(you)于隧(sui)(sui)(sui)(sui)(sui)洞(dong)(dong)(dong)洞(dong)(dong)(dong)線改(gai)線，隧(sui)(sui)(sui)(sui)(sui)洞(dong)(dong)(dong)出口(kou)在大壩(ba)(ba)左岸(an)，為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)不(bu)影響發(fa)(fa)電(dian)廠房(fang)(fang)的發(fa)(fa)電(dian)效率，將(jiang)發(fa)(fa)電(dian)廠房(fang)(fang)挪至左岸(an)壩(ba)(ba)腳，新建長(chang)１３．０ｍ，寬(kuan)１１．０ｍ的集水(shui)(shui)池(chi)和(he)凈寬(kuan)３．６ｍ、長(chang)６０．０ｍ的渡槽（共(gong)６節(jie)，每(mei)(mei)節(jie)１０．０ｍ）將(jiang)發(fa)(fa)電(dian)尾水(shui)(shui)和(he)灌(guan)溉用(yong)水(shui)(shui)引(yin)入原集水(shui)(shui)池(chi)。為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)控(kong)制(zhi)和(he)調配(pei)流(liu)量(liang)，拆除重建干(gan)渠(qu)(qu)渠(qu)(qu)首分水(shui)(shui)閘(zha)(zha)(zha)及(ji)放空分水(shui)(shui)閘(zha)(zha)(zha)。干(gan)渠(qu)(qu)渠(qu)(qu)首分水(shui)(shui)閘(zha)(zha)(zha)底(di)(di)(di)板高(gao)程(cheng)(cheng)９２．２５ｍ，孔(kong)寬(kuan)２．５ｍ；東干(gan)渠(qu)(qu)渠(qu)(qu)首分水(shui)(shui)閘(zha)(zha)(zha)底(di)(di)(di)板高(gao)程(cheng)(cheng)９２．２５ｍ，孔(kong)寬(kuan)２．２ｍ。灌(guan)溉干(gan)渠(qu)(qu)一條，長(chang)０．７５ｋｍ，引(yin)用(yong)流(liu)量(liang)２．７ｍ３／ｓ，現狀為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)襯砌(qi)，渠(qu)(qu)底(di)(di)(di)寬(kuan)２．５～４．０ｍ，渠(qu)(qu)高(gao)１．５～４．８ｍ，本次設(she)計(ji)采(cai)用(yong)梯形斷(duan)面，邊(bian)坡(po)(po)１∶２，采(cai)用(yong)Ｃ２５混(hun)凝土護(hu)底(di)(di)(di)和(he)護(hu)坡(po)(po)，護(hu)底(di)(di)(di)厚(hou)０．３０ｍ，護(hu)坡(po)(po)厚(hou)０．１５ｍ，每(mei)(mei)１０ｍ分縫，并設(she)止水(shui)(shui)銅片止水(shui)(shui)，聚(ju)乙烯(xi)閉孔(kong)泡沫板填縫，渠(qu)(qu)底(di)(di)(di)寬(kuan)度(du)不(bu)小于４ｍ。

５隧洞結構計算

灌溉(gai)隧(sui)洞(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)內(nei)(nei)(nei)徑１．８ｍ，壁厚(hou)０．４０ｍ，總長１９５．６ｍ，進(jin)水(shui)口底(di)板高程９３．８ｍ。根據(ju)地(di)勘資(zi)料，樁(zhuang)號０＋０００～０＋０１４段為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)強～弱(ruo)上風化花崗(gang)巖(yan)(yan)(yan)，地(di)質構(gou)造較簡單，上部(bu)(bu)有效(xiao)圍(wei)(wei)巖(yan)(yan)(yan)較薄，洞(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)頂穩定性(xing)(xing)較差，洞(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)室圍(wei)(wei)巖(yan)(yan)(yan)屬(shu)Ⅴ類圍(wei)(wei)巖(yan)(yan)(yan)，施工開挖需考慮(lv)必要的剛性(xing)(xing)支護措施，樁(zhuang)號０＋０１４～０＋０３１及樁(zhuang)號段為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)加里東(dong)期(qi)（ｒ３３）花崗(gang)巖(yan)(yan)(yan)，部(bu)(bu)分(fen)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)變(bian)質砂巖(yan)(yan)(yan)捕俘體，樁(zhuang)號０＋０５３～０＋０７０ｍ及樁(zhuang)號０＋１４９～０＋１８９．６０洞(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)室圍(wei)(wei)巖(yan)(yan)(yan)呈弱(ruo)下風化狀，洞(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)頂穩定性(xing)(xing)較差，洞(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)室圍(wei)(wei)巖(yan)(yan)(yan)屬(shu)Ⅲ～Ⅳ圍(wei)(wei)巖(yan)(yan)(yan)，不(bu)穩定；樁(zhuang)號０＋０７０～０＋１４９洞(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)室圍(wei)(wei)巖(yan)(yan)(yan)呈微(wei)風化狀，圍(wei)(wei)巖(yan)(yan)(yan)較堅(jian)硬完(wan)整，圍(wei)(wei)巖(yan)(yan)(yan)工程地(di)質分(fen)類屬(shu)Ⅱ～Ⅲ類，以(yi)Ⅲ類為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)主(zhu)，邊坡穩定性(xing)(xing)較好，受(shou)ＮＷ／ＳＷ（ＮＥ）節理切割影(ying)響，局部(bu)(bu)穩定性(xing)(xing)較差。襯砌(qi)混(hun)凝土(tu)(tu)強度(du)等級采(cai)用(yong)Ｃ２５混(hun)凝土(tu)(tu)，隧(sui)洞(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)襯砌(qi)混(hun)凝土(tu)(tu)厚(hou)度(du)４０ｃｍ，采(cai)用(yong)雙層配筋(jin)，保護層厚(hou)度(du)５ｃｍ。本次對(dui)隧(sui)洞(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)結(jie)(jie)構(gou)強度(du)及限(xian)裂(lie)進(jin)行計(ji)算(suan)，荷載(zai)(zai)計(ji)算(suan)主(zhu)要考慮(lv)圍(wei)(wei)巖(yan)(yan)(yan)壓力、襯砌(qi)自重、靜(jing)水(shui)壓力及灌漿壓力等。根據(ju)灌溉(gai)隧(sui)洞(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)不(bu)同運行條件，結(jie)(jie)構(gou)計(ji)算(suan)考慮(lv)施工期(qi)，校核洪水(shui)位及空管檢(jian)修等不(bu)同荷載(zai)(zai)組(zu)合情況，荷載(zai)(zai)組(zu)合見(jian)(jian)表(biao)2.經計(ji)算(suan)，各工況下隧(sui)洞(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)洞(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)壁內(nei)(nei)(nei)力值(zhi)見(jian)(jian)表(biao)３。通過計(ji)算(suan)，隧(sui)洞(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)內(nei)(nei)(nei)側(ce)最大配筋(jin)值(zhi)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)６４２ｍｍ２，外(wai)側(ce)配筋(jin)值(zhi)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)４７１ｍｍ２；擬采(cai)用(yong)內(nei)(nei)(nei)外(wai)側(ce)對(dui)稱配筋(jin)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)Φ１４＠２００（Ａｇ′＝７７０ｍｍ２）。根據(ju)《水(shui)工混(hun)凝土(tu)(tu)結(jie)(jie)構(gou)設計(ji)規范》（ＳＬ／Ｔ１９１—２００８）對(dui)隧(sui)洞(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)襯砌(qi)結(jie)(jie)構(gou)進(jin)行抗(kang)裂(lie)計(ji)算(suan)。經計(ji)算(suan)，混(hun)凝土(tu)(tu)最大拉應力Ｎｌ＝８６．１ｋＮ＜（ａｃｔγｍｆｔｋＡ０Ｗ０）／（ｅ０Ａ０＋γｍＷ０）＝３６３．５ｋＮ，鋼(gang)筋(jin)混(hun)凝土(tu)(tu)襯砌(qi)抗(kang)裂(lie)已滿足(zu)規范要求。

６結語

水(shui)(shui)(shui)庫除險(xian)加固工(gong)程中對(dui)壩(ba)下(xia)涵(han)(han)管(guan)(guan)(guan)的(de)加固設(she)計(ji)一(yi)直(zhi)是類似工(gong)程中需要解決的(de)重(zhong)點難(nan)點，尤其(qi)是運行多(duo)年的(de)壩(ba)下(xia)涵(han)(han)管(guan)(guan)(guan)，存在諸多(duo)隱患，如若對(dui)其(qi)進行原(yuan)址拆除重(zhong)建，將(jiang)會(hui)引發(fa)高邊(bian)坡穩(wen)定(ding)以及大壩(ba)滲流(liu)穩(wen)定(ding)等安全隱患，在易址新建隧(sui)洞投資不是很大的(de)情(qing)況，選擇(ze)新建隧(sui)洞方(fang)案則不會(hui)有上述安全隱患。塘灣水(shui)(shui)(shui)庫壩(ba)下(xia)涵(han)(han)管(guan)(guan)(guan)加固選擇(ze)封堵原(yuan)壩(ba)下(xia)涵(han)(han)管(guan)(guan)(guan)，易址新建灌(guan)溉發(fa)電隧(sui)洞設(she)計(ji)方(fang)案，該(gai)方(fang)案成功(gong)地解決了水(shui)(shui)(shui)庫除險(xian)加固工(gong)程中壩(ba)下(xia)涵(han)(han)管(guan)(guan)(guan)加固設(she)計(ji)的(de)難(nan)題，具有一(yi)定(ding)的(de)參考借鑒價值。

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作者：曾小波(bo) 熊一民 單位(wei)：鷹(ying)潭市河湖管理(li)保護綜合行(xing)政執法支隊(dui)