導語：數控加工精度的影響因素(su)和改進對策一文(wen)來源于網(wang)友上(shang)傳，不代(dai)表本站觀(guan)點，若(ruo)需要原創文(wen)章可咨詢客(ke)服(fu)老師，歡迎參考。

摘要：加工精度是衡量零件加工質量的重要指標，隨著數控機床的廣泛應用和各種先進制造技術不斷出現，零件生產質量和生產效率得到極大提高。但是機械加工過程中不可避免地存在著誤差，使零件的精度受到影響。筆者通過分析數控機床加工精度的影響因素，發揮現代機械加工技術的優勢，提出了合理消除系統誤差、優化數控加工工藝、加強設備管理與員工培訓等針對性很強的技術改進策略，有效(xiao)提高(gao)了數控機床的加工精(jing)度(du)。

關鍵詞：數控機(ji)床；加工(gong)精度；加工(gong)工(gong)藝(yi)；誤差補償

隨著汽車、高鐵、航空航天等行業的高速發展，各種先進的現代機械制造技術不斷涌現，其中數控機床以自動化程度高、生產效率高、加工精度高等優勢，得到了廣泛的應用。傳統的機械加工技術中，零件的加工質量和工人的技術水平有直接關系，加工精度易受人為因素影響。而數控機床的加工方式具有智能化、虛擬化和信息化等特點，加工精度更多是和檢測裝置的測量精度、數控機床的自動化控制性能以及數控編程技術等息息相關[1-2]。機械加工技術的進步，使得加工精度的影響因素也發生了變化，提高機械加工精度的對策也有所不同。

1  影響數控加工精度的因素分析

1.1機(ji)床系統誤差

1）機床(chuang)性(xing)能直接影(ying)響加(jia)工(gong)精(jing)(jing)度(du)。數(shu)控機床(chuang)集智能制(zhi)造技術(shu)、自動(dong)(dong)檢測技術(shu)和(he)(he)信息控制(zhi)技術(shu)于一體，機床(chuang)的性(xing)能直接影(ying)響到零件(jian)(jian)的加(jia)工(gong)精(jing)(jing)度(du)。數(shu)控機床(chuang)在設計(ji)過(guo)程中的缺(que)陷、伺服控制(zhi)系統的傳動(dong)(dong)誤(wu)差(cha)、測量反饋系統的精(jing)(jing)度(du)誤(wu)差(cha)、機床(chuang)制(zhi)造裝(zhuang)配和(he)(he)調試的幾何(he)精(jing)(jing)度(du)誤(wu)差(cha)以及(ji)機床(chuang)的制(zhi)造成本等，都會影(ying)響數(shu)控機床(chuang)的性(xing)能及(ji)加(jia)工(gong)精(jing)(jing)度(du)。另外，廠家生(sheng)產的數(shu)控機床(chuang)通常會依據客(ke)戶需求，匹配不同的數(shu)控系統，數(shu)控機床(chuang)使(shi)用的 CAD/CAM 軟件(jian)(jian)和(he)(he)數(shu)控系統、機床(chuang)硬(ying)件(jian)(jian)之間的匹配水平，也(ye)會間接地影(ying)響加(jia)工(gong)精(jing)(jing)度(du)和(he)(he)產品質量。

2）設(she)備(bei)磨(mo)損降低(di)機(ji)床運行(xing)精(jing)(jing)度。在(zai)數控機(ji)床工作過程(cheng)(cheng)中，機(ji)床零部件(jian)必然(ran)會產生磨(mo)損，而且隨著機(ji)床長時間(jian)高(gao)強度的(de)生產加工，關鍵零部件(jian)的(de)磨(mo)損程(cheng)(cheng)度會不斷加深，例如導軌(gui)、主(zhu)軸、夾具(ju)等，在(zai)數控加工過程(cheng)(cheng)中要求有(you)極(ji)高(gao)的(de)精(jing)(jing)度，其磨(mo)損直(zhi)接導致數控機(ji)床的(de)定位精(jing)(jing)度、傳動精(jing)(jing)度降低(di)[3]。主(zhu)軸組件(jian)、導軌(gui)等零部件(jian)的(de)磨(mo)損及熱變形(xing)會導致數控機(ji)床加工中出現系統誤差和隨機(ji)誤差，這是零件(jian)加工精(jing)(jing)度降低(di)的(de)重要原因(yin)。

3）誤(wu)差(cha)難以及時修正(zheng)。在(zai)傳統(tong)普通(tong)(tong)機(ji)(ji)床(chuang)(chuang)加(jia)工過程中(zhong)(zhong)，機(ji)(ji)床(chuang)(chuang)自(zi)身熱變(bian)形或者零(ling)部件磨(mo)損等因素引起的(de)(de)(de)加(jia)工誤(wu)差(cha)，可(ke)以通(tong)(tong)過多(duo)次測(ce)量和工人自(zi)身技(ji)術(shu)水平在(zai)機(ji)(ji)械加(jia)工過程中(zhong)(zhong)隨(sui)時進(jin)行(xing)校正(zheng)。而數(shu)控(kong)機(ji)(ji)床(chuang)(chuang)的(de)(de)(de)自(zi)動化程度(du)(du)極高，加(jia)工中(zhong)(zhong)出(chu)現的(de)(de)(de)各種(zhong)誤(wu)差(cha)難以及時進(jin)行(xing)修正(zheng)，往往是發(fa)現零(ling)件加(jia)工精(jing)度(du)(du)降低后，對(dui)機(ji)(ji)床(chuang)(chuang)進(jin)行(xing)維護(hu)檢修，通(tong)(tong)過精(jing)度(du)(du)檢測(ce)和傳動間隙調校，或者更換磨(mo)損的(de)(de)(de)零(ling)部件，才能減(jian)小(xiao)機(ji)(ji)床(chuang)(chuang)的(de)(de)(de)綜合加(jia)工誤(wu)差(cha)。數(shu)控(kong)機(ji)(ji)床(chuang)(chuang)的(de)(de)(de)檢修對(dui)技(ji)術(shu)技(ji)能要(yao)求極高，通(tong)(tong)常企業(ye)技(ji)術(shu)人員很(hen)難勝(sheng)任此工作，數(shu)控(kong)機(ji)(ji)床(chuang)(chuang)的(de)(de)(de)生產(chan)廠家又缺乏大量的(de)(de)(de)人力去長期維護(hu)其所有產(chan)品，等發(fa)現零(ling)件出(chu)現質(zhi)量問題時，數(shu)控(kong)機(ji)(ji)床(chuang)(chuang)的(de)(de)(de)加(jia)工精(jing)度(du)(du)已經受到(dao)嚴重影(ying)響。

1.2溫度(du)因素的影響

1）機床(chuang)(chuang)(chuang)(chuang)熱(re)變(bian)形(xing)(xing)對(dui)加(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)精(jing)度(du)(du)的(de)(de)影響(xiang)。在傳統(tong)普(pu)通(tong)(tong)機床(chuang)(chuang)(chuang)(chuang)加(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)過程(cheng)中，零(ling)件的(de)(de)非加(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)輔助(zhu)(zhu)時(shi)間(jian)比數(shu)控(kong)加(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)的(de)(de)時(shi)間(jian)要(yao)長，機床(chuang)(chuang)(chuang)(chuang)傳動系統(tong)有(you)較(jiao)長的(de)(de)冷卻時(shi)間(jian)，機床(chuang)(chuang)(chuang)(chuang)工(gong)作時(shi)因(yin)溫(wen)升產(chan)生(sheng)的(de)(de)熱(re)變(bian)形(xing)(xing)容易恢復，其熱(re)變(bian)形(xing)(xing)對(dui)零(ling)件的(de)(de)加(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)精(jing)度(du)(du)影響(xiang)相對(dui)較(jiao)小(xiao)。而(er)數(shu)控(kong)機床(chuang)(chuang)(chuang)(chuang)尤(you)其是加(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)中心，加(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)前刀具的(de)(de)安(an)裝(zhuang)、對(dui)刀及定(ding)位(wei)等輔助(zhu)(zhu)環(huan)節都(dou)是提(ti)前完成(cheng)的(de)(de)，生(sheng)產(chan)加(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)過程(cheng)中無需(xu)再重復此類輔助(zhu)(zhu)工(gong)作，加(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)之數(shu)控(kong)機床(chuang)(chuang)(chuang)(chuang)的(de)(de)換刀、定(ding)位(wei)和傳動速(su)度(du)(du)極快，大大縮短了非加(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)時(shi)間(jian)，生(sheng)產(chan)效率和自動化程(cheng)度(du)(du)較(jiao)高(gao)，導(dao)致(zhi)數(shu)控(kong)機床(chuang)(chuang)(chuang)(chuang)長期處于高(gao)強度(du)(du)、大批量的(de)(de)生(sheng)產(chan)狀態，機床(chuang)(chuang)(chuang)(chuang)本(ben)體(ti)的(de)(de)溫(wen)升會比普(pu)通(tong)(tong)機床(chuang)(chuang)(chuang)(chuang)更(geng)高(gao)，機床(chuang)(chuang)(chuang)(chuang)零(ling)部件的(de)(de)熱(re)變(bian)形(xing)(xing)對(dui)數(shu)控(kong)加(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)精(jing)度(du)(du)的(de)(de)影響(xiang)更(geng)加(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)明顯[4]。研究數(shu)據表明，因(yin)熱(re)變(bian)形(xing)(xing)所產(chan)生(sheng)的(de)(de)誤差占數(shu)控(kong)機床(chuang)(chuang)(chuang)(chuang)綜(zong)合加(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)誤差的(de)(de)40%~70%。

2）溫(wen)(wen)度補(bu)(bu)(bu)償(chang)(chang)難以(yi)精確控制。技術(shu)人員在編程過(guo)程中(zhong)，補(bu)(bu)(bu)償(chang)(chang)參(can)(can)數(shu)(shu)可(ke)(ke)以(yi)通過(guo)高精度的(de)儀器測量后(hou)得出，比(bi)(bi)如(ru)間隙補(bu)(bu)(bu)償(chang)(chang)參(can)(can)數(shu)(shu)等(deng)；也(ye)(ye)可(ke)(ke)以(yi)通過(guo)統計數(shu)(shu)據進行計算分析后(hou)得到，比(bi)(bi)如(ru)刀具補(bu)(bu)(bu)償(chang)(chang)等(deng)。而機(ji)床熱變(bian)形對加工(gong)(gong)精度的(de)影響很難精確測量，數(shu)(shu)控程序中(zhong)的(de)溫(wen)(wen)度補(bu)(bu)(bu)償(chang)(chang)參(can)(can)數(shu)(shu)也(ye)(ye)難以(yi)準確設置(zhi)，加工(gong)(gong)精度勢必(bi)會(hui)受(shou)到溫(wen)(wen)度變(bian)化的(de)影響。

3）刀(dao)具和工(gong)(gong)件(jian)(jian)的熱(re)變形(xing)(xing)。對(dui)工(gong)(gong)件(jian)(jian)進行加工(gong)(gong)過程中，刀(dao)具和工(gong)(gong)件(jian)(jian)之間(jian)會因為(wei)切削(xue)摩(mo)擦(ca)產生大量熱(re)能，從(cong)而使刀(dao)具和工(gong)(gong)件(jian)(jian)均產生熱(re)變形(xing)(xing)，如果(guo)散熱(re)不足，會導致工(gong)(gong)件(jian)(jian)產生尺寸誤差和幾何形(xing)(xing)狀(zhuang)誤差。

1.3零件加工(gong)工(gong)藝的(de)影響

1）定位(wei)(wei)誤(wu)(wu)差。在(zai)(zai)數(shu)控加(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)過程(cheng)(cheng)中會出現定位(wei)(wei)誤(wu)(wu)差，其包(bao)括兩個方面(mian)(mian)，一(yi)個是(shi)基(ji)準(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)不(bu)(bu)重(zhong)合(he)誤(wu)(wu)差。在(zai)(zai)零(ling)件(jian)圖中用(yong)來(lai)確定某(mou)一(yi)表(biao)面(mian)(mian)尺寸、位(wei)(wei)置(zhi)所依(yi)據(ju)的(de)基(ji)準(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)稱為(wei)設計基(ji)準(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)；在(zai)(zai)加(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)序中用(yong)來(lai)確定本工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)序被加(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)表(biao)面(mian)(mian)加(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)后的(de)尺寸、位(wei)(wei)置(zhi)所依(yi)據(ju)的(de)基(ji)準(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)稱為(wei)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)序基(ji)準(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)；在(zai)(zai)數(shu)控機床(chuang)上對工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)件(jian)進行(xing)加(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)時(shi)，選擇工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)件(jian)上若干幾何(he)要素作為(wei)加(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)時(shi)的(de)定位(wei)(wei)基(ji)準(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)。如果(guo)數(shu)控程(cheng)(cheng)序所選用(yong)的(de)定位(wei)(wei)基(ji)準(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)與設計基(ji)準(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)、工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)序基(ji)準(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)不(bu)(bu)重(zhong)合(he)，就會產(chan)生基(ji)準(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)不(bu)(bu)重(zhong)合(he)誤(wu)(wu)差[5]。另一(yi)個是(shi)基(ji)準(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)位(wei)(wei)置(zhi)誤(wu)(wu)差，由于工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)件(jian)的(de)定位(wei)(wei)基(ji)準(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)面(mian)(mian)的(de)實際加(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)尺寸存在(zai)(zai)誤(wu)(wu)差，夾具本身存在(zai)(zai)制造(zao)誤(wu)(wu)差及磨損等情況，會導致零(ling)件(jian)出現定位(wei)(wei)基(ji)準(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)不(bu)(bu)重(zhong)合(he)誤(wu)(wu)差。

2）受力(li)(li)(li)(li)變(bian)形(xing)(xing)(xing)。在零(ling)件(jian)(jian)(jian)加工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)過(guo)程(cheng)中，刀(dao)(dao)(dao)具(ju)對被加工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)表(biao)面(mian)進行切削(xue)會產生(sheng)巨大的(de)(de)(de)熱能(neng)，導(dao)(dao)致(zhi)零(ling)件(jian)(jian)(jian)內(nei)(nei)部(bu)出(chu)現熱變(bian)形(xing)(xing)(xing)及熱應(ying)力(li)(li)(li)(li)；刀(dao)(dao)(dao)具(ju)的(de)(de)(de)切削(xue)擠壓會導(dao)(dao)致(zhi)零(ling)件(jian)(jian)(jian)表(biao)面(mian)產生(sheng)塑(su)性變(bian)形(xing)(xing)(xing)和(he)切削(xue)應(ying)力(li)(li)(li)(li)，這兩個(ge)原因都會導(dao)(dao)致(zhi)零(ling)件(jian)(jian)(jian)加工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)時產生(sheng)應(ying)力(li)(li)(li)(li)變(bian)形(xing)(xing)(xing)，剛加工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)完(wan)的(de)(de)(de)零(ling)件(jian)(jian)(jian)內(nei)(nei)部(bu)仍然有(you)殘(can)余應(ying)力(li)(li)(li)(li)存在，放置一段(duan)時間后零(ling)件(jian)(jian)(jian)內(nei)(nei)部(bu)的(de)(de)(de)殘(can)余應(ying)力(li)(li)(li)(li)消(xiao)失，零(ling)件(jian)(jian)(jian)的(de)(de)(de)尺寸(cun)和(he)形(xing)(xing)(xing)狀因此發生(sheng)變(bian)形(xing)(xing)(xing)，零(ling)件(jian)(jian)(jian)的(de)(de)(de)加工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)精度(du)(du)受到嚴重影(ying)響。此外，工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)藝路(lu)(lu)線的(de)(de)(de)選(xuan)(xuan)擇不(bu)同(tong)(tong)，如定位基準的(de)(de)(de)選(xuan)(xuan)擇、機加工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)設備的(de)(de)(de)選(xuan)(xuan)擇、刀(dao)(dao)(dao)具(ju)的(de)(de)(de)選(xuan)(xuan)擇、切削(xue)方式的(de)(de)(de)選(xuan)(xuan)擇、加工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)路(lu)(lu)徑的(de)(de)(de)選(xuan)(xuan)擇等(deng)不(bu)同(tong)(tong)，導(dao)(dao)致(zhi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)件(jian)(jian)(jian)受力(li)(li)(li)(li)變(bian)形(xing)(xing)(xing)的(de)(de)(de)程(cheng)度(du)(du)不(bu)同(tong)(tong)，加工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)過(guo)程(cheng)中產生(sheng)的(de)(de)(de)殘(can)余應(ying)力(li)(li)(li)(li)大小不(bu)相同(tong)(tong)，對加工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)精度(du)(du)的(de)(de)(de)影(ying)響也不(bu)同(tong)(tong)。

3）編程(cheng)(cheng)質量(liang)。零(ling)件(jian)(jian)的加(jia)工(gong)(gong)工(gong)(gong)藝(yi)方案(an)不同，其(qi)加(jia)工(gong)(gong)精(jing)(jing)(jing)度和質量(liang)也不同，數控(kong)加(jia)工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)序是根據零(ling)件(jian)(jian)加(jia)工(gong)(gong)工(gong)(gong)藝(yi)方案(an)編制的自動加(jia)工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)序。技術人員通過數控(kong)軟件(jian)(jian)輔助(zhu)編制數控(kong)加(jia)工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)序，而數控(kong)軟件(jian)(jian)對工(gong)(gong)藝(yi)參(can)數的設定值，往往和零(ling)件(jian)(jian)實際加(jia)工(gong)(gong)工(gong)(gong)藝(yi)的要求有出入；如果數控(kong)程(cheng)(cheng)序中相關補(bu)償參(can)數設置不合(he)理，如伺(si)服傳動系統的螺距誤差(cha)(cha)補(bu)償、反向間隙補(bu)償等，會直(zhi)接影響到數控(kong)機床(chuang)的傳動精(jing)(jing)(jing)度，進而影響零(ling)件(jian)(jian)的加(jia)工(gong)(gong)精(jing)(jing)(jing)度。此外(wai)，數控(kong)程(cheng)(cheng)序也會因(yin)為編程(cheng)(cheng)原點的選擇、計(ji)算(suan)偏差(cha)(cha)、逼近誤差(cha)(cha)、插補(bu)誤差(cha)(cha)和圓整誤差(cha)(cha)等因(yin)素，導致(zhi)零(ling)件(jian)(jian)的加(jia)工(gong)(gong)精(jing)(jing)(jing)度受到影響。

1.4其他因素

數(shu)控(kong)(kong)機(ji)床(chuang)(chuang)大量使用(yong)了(le)傳感檢(jian)測(ce)技術，并依托(tuo)檢(jian)測(ce)系(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)統的(de)(de)(de)測(ce)量數(shu)據(ju)反饋數(shu)控(kong)(kong)系(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)統，進而提升零件(jian)的(de)(de)(de)加(jia)(jia)工(gong)精(jing)度(du)(du)(du)。在零件(jian)加(jia)(jia)工(gong)過程中，傳感器的(de)(de)(de)性能、環境溫(wen)度(du)(du)(du)的(de)(de)(de)變化、電磁信號的(de)(de)(de)干擾、測(ce)量裝(zhuang)置的(de)(de)(de)污染等因素，都會(hui)(hui)影響(xiang)(xiang)到(dao)檢(jian)測(ce)系(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)統的(de)(de)(de)測(ce)量精(jing)度(du)(du)(du)；數(shu)控(kong)(kong)機(ji)床(chuang)(chuang)床(chuang)(chuang)身的(de)(de)(de)振動、主軸和導軌的(de)(de)(de)剛(gang)度(du)(du)(du)、機(ji)床(chuang)(chuang)的(de)(de)(de)散(san)熱(re)、傳動系(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)統的(de)(de)(de)潤滑等因素，都會(hui)(hui)干擾設備(bei)的(de)(de)(de)傳動精(jing)度(du)(du)(du)；刀具的(de)(de)(de)磨損程度(du)(du)(du)對加(jia)(jia)工(gong)精(jing)度(du)(du)(du)的(de)(de)(de)影響(xiang)(xiang)也(ye)不(bu)容忽視(shi)；企業生產管(guan)理的(de)(de)(de)規范程度(du)(du)(du)、數(shu)控(kong)(kong)機(ji)床(chuang)(chuang)的(de)(de)(de)運行(xing)及保養(yang)、維(wei)護檢(jian)修的(de)(de)(de)技術水平、數(shu)控(kong)(kong)操作人(ren)員的(de)(de)(de)專業素養(yang)等因素，都會(hui)(hui)影響(xiang)(xiang)到(dao)數(shu)控(kong)(kong)機(ji)床(chuang)(chuang)的(de)(de)(de)加(jia)(jia)工(gong)精(jing)度(du)(du)(du)[6]。

2  提高數控機床加工精度的策略

2.1合理消除系統誤差

1）優化工(gong)藝參(can)數(shu)。提(ti)(ti)高(gao)數(shu)控機床(chuang)的(de)(de)加工(gong)精(jing)度(du)(du)，可以通過(guo)(guo)調(diao)整優化工(gong)藝參(can)數(shu)實現。如可以根據(ju)零(ling)件(jian)的(de)(de)精(jing)度(du)(du)要(yao)求選擇相應規格的(de)(de)刀(dao)具；調(diao)整背吃(chi)刀(dao)量，控制切(qie)削深度(du)(du)，減(jian)小(xiao)切(qie)削力(li)和機床(chuang)振動對精(jing)度(du)(du)的(de)(de)影響；合(he)理規劃切(qie)削路線(xian)，減(jian)小(xiao)因(yin)切(qie)削加工(gong)零(ling)件(jian)應力(li)變(bian)形(xing)的(de)(de)程度(du)(du)；優化主軸轉速(su)、切(qie)削速(su)度(du)(du)和進(jin)給速(su)度(du)(du)，降低(di)表面粗糙度(du)(du)，提(ti)(ti)高(gao)零(ling)件(jian)尺寸精(jing)度(du)(du)；通過(guo)(guo)補償矯正、誤差抵消(xiao)、間隙補償、反向偏差補償等技術措施，根據(ju)零(ling)件(jian)加工(gong)的(de)(de)實際情況(kuang)，科(ke)學調(diao)整加工(gong)程序(xu)中的(de)(de)工(gong)藝參(can)數(shu)，減(jian)小(xiao)機床(chuang)系統因(yin)素引起(qi)的(de)(de)誤差，提(ti)(ti)高(gao)零(ling)件(jian)的(de)(de)加工(gong)精(jing)度(du)(du)[7]。

2）應(ying)用誤(wu)(wu)(wu)差(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)補(bu)償(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)技術(shu)。數(shu)控(kong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)床(chuang)(chuang)因(yin)(yin)設(she)計、制(zhi)造(zao)、裝配(pei)技術(shu)及生(sheng)產(chan)成本等(deng)原因(yin)(yin)，機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)床(chuang)(chuang)系統(tong)(tong)各(ge)(ge)構件間(jian)的(de)(de)幾何(he)精(jing)度(du)(du)(du)難(nan)以精(jing)確(que)，許多數(shu)控(kong)系統(tong)(tong)提供了各(ge)(ge)種先(xian)進(jin)的(de)(de)誤(wu)(wu)(wu)差(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)補(bu)償(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)功(gong)能來消(xiao)除機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)床(chuang)(chuang)系統(tong)(tong)誤(wu)(wu)(wu)差(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)。①螺距誤(wu)(wu)(wu)差(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)補(bu)償(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)，可以通過測(ce)量機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)床(chuang)(chuang)實際傳動(dong)(dong)時產(chan)生(sheng)的(de)(de)位(wei)置(zhi)誤(wu)(wu)(wu)差(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)，合理設(she)置(zhi)補(bu)償(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)參數(shu)，實現對伺服系統(tong)(tong)傳動(dong)(dong)產(chan)生(sheng)的(de)(de)誤(wu)(wu)(wu)差(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)進(jin)行(xing)補(bu)償(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)，提高傳動(dong)(dong)精(jing)度(du)(du)(du)；②空(kong)間(jian)誤(wu)(wu)(wu)差(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)補(bu)償(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)，借助高精(jing)度(du)(du)(du)的(de)(de)專業檢測(ce)儀(yi)器，如激(ji)光干涉儀(yi)、高精(jing)度(du)(du)(du)編(bian)碼器等(deng)，對數(shu)控(kong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)床(chuang)(chuang)各(ge)(ge)運(yun)動(dong)(dong)軸(zhou)之間(jian)的(de)(de)垂直(zhi)度(du)(du)(du)、直(zhi)線度(du)(du)(du)、傾(qing)斜(xie)度(du)(du)(du)、水平度(du)(du)(du)等(deng)方面因(yin)(yin)制(zhi)造(zao)裝配(pei)產(chan)生(sheng)的(de)(de)空(kong)間(jian)幾何(he)誤(wu)(wu)(wu)差(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)進(jin)行(xing)測(ce)量，根據測(ce)量出的(de)(de)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)床(chuang)(chuang)各(ge)(ge)項實際幾何(he)位(wei)置(zhi)參數(shu)，利用空(kong)間(jian)補(bu)償(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)指令(ling)進(jin)行(xing)空(kong)間(jian)誤(wu)(wu)(wu)差(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)補(bu)償(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)；③垂直(zhi)誤(wu)(wu)(wu)差(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)補(bu)償(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)，可以補(bu)償(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)由于某一軸(zhou)位(wei)置(zhi)發(fa)生(sheng)變化后(hou)，導(dao)致其他軸(zhou)的(de)(de)位(wei)置(zhi)變化所產(chan)生(sheng)的(de)(de)垂直(zhi)度(du)(du)(du)誤(wu)(wu)(wu)差(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)；④反向偏(pian)差(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)補(bu)償(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)，可以抵消(xiao)數(shu)控(kong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)床(chuang)(chuang)加工過程中產(chan)生(sheng)的(de)(de)總誤(wu)(wu)(wu)差(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)，類似的(de)(de)指令(ling)還有刀(dao)具補(bu)償(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)、熱誤(wu)(wu)(wu)差(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)補(bu)償(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)等(deng)。采用誤(wu)(wu)(wu)差(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)軟補(bu)償(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)技術(shu)，可以最大限度(du)(du)(du)地減(jian)小機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)床(chuang)(chuang)系統(tong)(tong)因(yin)(yin)素(su)對加工精(jing)度(du)(du)(du)的(de)(de)影響，對減(jian)少加工誤(wu)(wu)(wu)差(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)、提高數(shu)控(kong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)床(chuang)(chuang)整(zheng)體加工精(jing)度(du)(du)(du)有較好的(de)(de)效果。

3）保(bao)障數控機(ji)床(chuang)的(de)(de)運行(xing)(xing)精(jing)度。在數控機(ji)床(chuang)投入(ru)使用前和維護(hu)檢修(xiu)時(shi)(shi)，專(zhuan)業技術人員(yuan)要通(tong)過(guo)(guo)專(zhuan)業測(ce)(ce)量(liang)設備，檢測(ce)(ce)和調整(zheng)機(ji)床(chuang)伺服控制系(xi)統，通(tong)過(guo)(guo)預(yu)緊(jin)以消除滾珠絲桿的(de)(de)軸(zhou)(zhou)向間隙，緊(jin)固松動(dong)的(de)(de)聯軸(zhou)(zhou)器，調整(zheng)軸(zhou)(zhou)承的(de)(de)間隙，更換(huan)磨損的(de)(de)零部(bu)件(jian)，減小(xiao)傳(chuan)動(dong)誤差；通(tong)過(guo)(guo)檢測(ce)(ce)發現(xian)主(zhu)軸(zhou)(zhou)的(de)(de)徑向和軸(zhou)(zhou)向出現(xian)偏差、導軌磨損等情況(kuang)，要及時(shi)(shi)進行(xing)(xing)維修(xiu)和調整(zheng)，確保(bao)機(ji)床(chuang)的(de)(de)位置精(jing)度、幾(ji)何精(jing)度；檢測(ce)(ce)到自動(dong)換(huan)刀裝(zhuang)置的(de)(de)重復(fu)(fu)定位精(jing)度降低時(shi)(shi)，必須對(dui)其中(zhong)磨損的(de)(de)部(bu)件(jian)進行(xing)(xing)及時(shi)(shi)修(xiu)復(fu)(fu)，減小(xiao)定位誤差；對(dui)檢測(ce)(ce)系(xi)統進行(xing)(xing)定期(qi)的(de)(de)檢測(ce)(ce)、精(jing)度校準與維修(xiu)保(bao)養(yang)，結合產品(pin)質量(liang)的(de)(de)變(bian)化及時(shi)(shi)校核調整(zheng)傳(chuan)感(gan)檢測(ce)(ce)裝(zhuang)置，采取相應的(de)(de)糾偏措施，保(bao)證測(ce)(ce)量(liang)精(jing)度，減小(xiao)數控機(ji)床(chuang)的(de)(de)系(xi)統誤差。

2.2控制溫度

1）控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)制數控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)機(ji)(ji)床(chuang)的(de)工(gong)作(zuo)溫度(du)(du)(du)(du)。在數控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)加工(gong)過(guo)程中，過(guo)高的(de)機(ji)(ji)床(chuang)工(gong)作(zuo)溫度(du)(du)(du)(du)會對零件加工(gong)精度(du)(du)(du)(du)產(chan)生負面(mian)影(ying)響(xiang)。可以通(tong)過(guo)風冷或者循環油(you)冷卻(que)等措施(shi)進行(xing)散熱，也可以在機(ji)(ji)床(chuang)上裝設恒溫油(you)箱，合理地控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)制設備的(de)工(gong)作(zuo)溫度(du)(du)(du)(du)，避(bi)免設備出(chu)現(xian)(xian)超溫現(xian)(xian)象[8]；控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)制環境溫度(du)(du)(du)(du)，避(bi)免環境溫度(du)(du)(du)(du)升高對加工(gong)精度(du)(du)(du)(du)的(de)影(ying)響(xiang)；同時(shi)要控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)制數控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)機(ji)(ji)床(chuang)液壓油(you)箱的(de)溫度(du)(du)(du)(du)，避(bi)免溫度(du)(du)(du)(du)過(guo)高影(ying)響(xiang)機(ji)(ji)床(chuang)液壓系統的(de)穩定性和傳(chuan)動精度(du)(du)(du)(du)。

2）控制零(ling)(ling)件加(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)溫(wen)度。零(ling)(ling)件加(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)過(guo)(guo)程中(zhong)會產生(sheng)熱(re)變形，熱(re)變形會導致加(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)誤差(cha)。因此(ci)，要(yao)(yao)(yao)通(tong)過(guo)(guo)切削液降低零(ling)(ling)件的(de)(de)加(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)溫(wen)度，既(ji)要(yao)(yao)(yao)避免溫(wen)度變化(hua)影響零(ling)(ling)件的(de)(de)表面(mian)加(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)質量(liang)，也(ye)要(yao)(yao)(yao)避免因溫(wen)度急劇變化(hua)導致零(ling)(ling)件內(nei)部出現裂紋等現象。在具體加(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)生(sheng)產過(guo)(guo)程中(zhong)，要(yao)(yao)(yao)采取(qu)措(cuo)施(shi)逐步調整和(he)控制零(ling)(ling)件的(de)(de)加(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)溫(wen)度，必要(yao)(yao)(yao)時要(yao)(yao)(yao)提前對零(ling)(ling)件進(jin)行(xing)粗加(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)和(he)半(ban)精加(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)，對半(ban)成品采取(qu)消除應力的(de)(de)技術措(cuo)施(shi)，使之滿(man)足零(ling)(ling)件的(de)(de)加(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)工(gong)(gong)(gong)藝要(yao)(yao)(yao)求，提高零(ling)(ling)件的(de)(de)加(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)精度。

3）降(jiang)低刀(dao)(dao)具(ju)(ju)切(qie)(qie)(qie)削(xue)(xue)溫(wen)度(du)(du)(du)。在機械加(jia)工(gong)(gong)時(shi)(shi)刀(dao)(dao)具(ju)(ju)會因為(wei)高溫(wen)變(bian)形、變(bian)軟和磨損(sun)，影響加(jia)工(gong)(gong)精(jing)度(du)(du)(du)。通常用切(qie)(qie)(qie)削(xue)(xue)液對(dui)刀(dao)(dao)具(ju)(ju)及工(gong)(gong)件(jian)進行沖洗(xi)冷卻降(jiang)溫(wen)，提高刀(dao)(dao)具(ju)(ju)的(de)硬度(du)(du)(du)和強度(du)(du)(du)，減少刀(dao)(dao)具(ju)(ju)的(de)磨損(sun)，延長刀(dao)(dao)具(ju)(ju)的(de)壽命；同時(shi)(shi)降(jiang)低零件(jian)的(de)加(jia)工(gong)(gong)溫(wen)度(du)(du)(du)，提高零件(jian)的(de)表(biao)面加(jia)工(gong)(gong)精(jing)度(du)(du)(du)。在數控程序中，要選擇合適的(de)切(qie)(qie)(qie)削(xue)(xue)形式，選擇耐磨耐熱性能(neng)好的(de)切(qie)(qie)(qie)削(xue)(xue)刀(dao)(dao)具(ju)(ju)，降(jiang)低刀(dao)(dao)具(ju)(ju)切(qie)(qie)(qie)削(xue)(xue)溫(wen)度(du)(du)(du)，減少刀(dao)(dao)具(ju)(ju)因素對(dui)加(jia)工(gong)(gong)精(jing)度(du)(du)(du)的(de)影響。

2.3優化數控加(jia)工工藝

1）優化工(gong)(gong)藝(yi)參數，提高編程(cheng)(cheng)質量。零件加工(gong)(gong)精(jing)度(du)(du)會受(shou)到(dao)數控(kong)編程(cheng)(cheng)質量的影響(xiang)，這(zhe)就要求編程(cheng)(cheng)人員要有豐富的數控(kong)加工(gong)(gong)經(jing)驗，能根據經(jing)驗修(xiu)正數控(kong)程(cheng)(cheng)序中(zhong)的加工(gong)(gong)參數和加工(gong)(gong)路徑，如進(jin)給量、轉(zhuan)速(su)、切入點等。數控(kong)程(cheng)(cheng)序的工(gong)(gong)藝(yi)流程(cheng)(cheng)要合(he)(he)理(li)規范，對(dui)影響(xiang)加工(gong)(gong)精(jing)度(du)(du)的相關因素，可以(yi)(yi)通過改進(jin)工(gong)(gong)藝(yi)流程(cheng)(cheng)予以(yi)(yi)避免。在零件加工(gong)(gong)過程(cheng)(cheng)中(zhong)，及時修(xiu)改影響(xiang)加工(gong)(gong)精(jing)度(du)(du)的工(gong)(gong)藝(yi)參數，確保零件加工(gong)(gong)工(gong)(gong)藝(yi)的合(he)(he)理(li)性(xing)，從而(er)提高編程(cheng)(cheng)的質量。

2）嚴格(ge)工(gong)藝基(ji)準(zhun)，減(jian)小加工(gong)誤差。數控編(bian)程(cheng)(cheng)時(shi)，應根據(ju)零件特性(xing)及具體(ti)用途，合理確定編(bian)程(cheng)(cheng)原(yuan)(yuan)點，嚴格(ge)遵循(xun)編(bian)程(cheng)(cheng)基(ji)準(zhun)、設計基(ji)準(zhun)以及工(gong)藝基(ji)準(zhun)相統一的原(yuan)(yuan)則(ze)。如在工(gong)藝流程(cheng)(cheng)中，盡可能避免多次安裝(zhuang)造成的定位誤差，確保數控編(bian)程(cheng)(cheng)原(yuan)(yuan)點與零件設計圖(tu)紙高(gao)度匹配。在大批量加工(gong)零件前，可以通過計算機(ji)仿真(zhen)加工(gong)、零件試加工(gong)等技術，檢驗定位精度和加工(gong)精度，從而有效地(di)減(jian)小數控機(ji)床的加工(gong)誤差[9]。

3）應用(yong)在機(ji)檢(jian)測(ce)技術，實時監(jian)控(kong)加工(gong)精(jing)度(du)。高度(du)自(zi)動(dong)化的數(shu)(shu)控(kong)加工(gong)過(guo)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)中，如果出現誤(wu)(wu)差(cha)難(nan)以及(ji)時修正，對(dui)此可(ke)以通過(guo)在機(ji)檢(jian)測(ce)技術，對(dui)加工(gong)過(guo)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)進(jin)行實時監(jian)測(ce)。一旦監(jian)測(ce)到加工(gong)過(guo)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)中零件(jian)(jian)有誤(wu)(wu)差(cha)或者錯誤(wu)(wu)，即自(zi)動(dong)中斷(duan)加工(gong)過(guo)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)，并及(ji)時根(gen)據誤(wu)(wu)差(cha)修改加工(gong)參數(shu)(shu)，避(bi)免零件(jian)(jian)加工(gong)完畢后進(jin)行質檢(jian)時才發現加工(gong)誤(wu)(wu)差(cha)、零件(jian)(jian)報廢(fei)的情況，這(zhe)提高了數(shu)(shu)控(kong)加工(gong)的合(he)格(ge)率，有效(xiao)地解決了數(shu)(shu)控(kong)加工(gong)過(guo)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)中誤(wu)(wu)差(cha)難(nan)以及(ji)時修正的問題。

4）利用大(da)數(shu)據(ju)進(jin)行質(zhi)量(liang)控制。現代機械制造技術(shu)和產(chan)品銷售(shou)(shou)、維(wei)修(xiu)保養、市場反(fan)饋(kui)等內容(rong)息(xi)息(xi)相(xiang)關，企業可以通過物聯網(wang)技術(shu)，把產(chan)品質(zhi)量(liang)、成(cheng)本、利潤、銷售(shou)(shou)和售(shou)(shou)后維(wei)護維(wei)修(xiu)等數(shu)據(ju)作(zuo)為參照因子，建立產(chan)品質(zhi)量(liang)控制大(da)數(shu)據(ju)平臺。數(shu)控技術(shu)人員通過大(da)數(shu)據(ju)分析制定完善的(de)機械加(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)工(gong)藝(yi)(yi)評價策(ce)略，跟蹤研究機械加(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)工(gong)藝(yi)(yi)對機械零(ling)部件(jian)(jian)加(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)精度的(de)影響，根(gen)據(ju)分析結果(guo)及時調整(zheng)機床數(shu)控加(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)程序(xu)，優化加(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)參數(shu)，持(chi)續地完善零(ling)件(jian)(jian)的(de)加(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)工(gong)藝(yi)(yi)，提高(gao)零(ling)件(jian)(jian)加(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)的(de)精度。

5）充(chong)分發揮現代制造(zao)技(ji)術的(de)優勢。引入現代化產(chan)品設(she)計(ji)(ji)和精(jing)(jing)度(du)(du)控(kong)制技(ji)術，如計(ji)(ji)算機精(jing)(jing)度(du)(du)輔助(zhu)設(she)計(ji)(ji)、可靠性設(she)計(ji)(ji)、軟件校正技(ji)術及虛(xu)擬仿(fang)真技(ji)術等，對數控(kong)機床的(de)加(jia)工(gong)精(jing)(jing)度(du)(du)實施智能(neng)控(kong)制，提高數控(kong)機床的(de)運行精(jing)(jing)度(du)(du)和加(jia)工(gong)精(jing)(jing)度(du)(du)，做到數控(kong)機床與(yu)現代制造(zao)技(ji)術的(de)高度(du)(du)融合(he)，優化加(jia)工(gong)工(gong)藝，提高生(sheng)產(chan)效率和產(chan)品質(zhi)量。

2.4加強設(she)備管理與員(yuan)工培訓(xun)

1）改善(shan)數(shu)(shu)控(kong)機(ji)床的運(yun)行環境。在(zai)零件(jian)(jian)加工過程中，數(shu)(shu)控(kong)機(ji)床所處的環境也是(shi)影響零件(jian)(jian)精度(du)的重要因素(su)。在(zai)建(jian)(jian)設車間廠房時，要注意數(shu)(shu)控(kong)機(ji)床對(dui)環境通風散熱、清潔除(chu)塵(chen)、干燥除(chu)濕、遠離振源(yuan)及避(bi)免陽光直(zhi)射等要求，對(dui)溫度(du)、濕度(du)、振動等環境數(shu)(shu)據(ju)進行監測，減輕環境因素(su)對(dui)數(shu)(shu)控(kong)機(ji)床的物理化學影響，創(chuang)建(jian)(jian)良好的工作(zuo)環境，保障設備的正常運(yun)行。

2）規范維(wei)護保(bao)養(yang)檢(jian)修制度(du)(du)。建(jian)立數控機(ji)床檢(jian)修維(wei)護制度(du)(du)，如定(ding)期(qi)(qi)(qi)對測量檢(jian)測裝置、伺服系(xi)統(tong)、定(ding)位精度(du)(du)、傳動精度(du)(du)等(deng)進行(xing)(xing)測量和(he)校(xiao)準；定(ding)期(qi)(qi)(qi)對數控機(ji)床進行(xing)(xing)清潔和(he)潤(run)滑保(bao)養(yang)，減(jian)少摩擦(ca)力(li)對傳動系(xi)統(tong)的影響；定(ding)期(qi)(qi)(qi)檢(jian)查潤(run)滑系(xi)統(tong)和(he)冷(leng)卻系(xi)統(tong)，清理過(guo)濾裝置，避免因機(ji)床潤(run)滑不足(zu)而導致(zhi)摩擦(ca)阻力(li)增加、磨損(sun)加劇和(he)溫升(sheng)異常等(deng)問題。通過(guo)定(ding)期(qi)(qi)(qi)的維(wei)護保(bao)養(yang)，保(bao)障數控機(ji)床運行(xing)(xing)的穩(wen)定(ding)性，提高數控機(ji)床的整體加工質量

3）提升員工(gong)(gong)專(zhuan)業(ye)素(su)(su)養(yang)。數(shu)控(kong)機(ji)床是高度自動化(hua)的(de)(de)機(ji)電(dian)(dian)一(yi)體(ti)化(hua)設備，機(ji)床的(de)(de)檢(jian)(jian)修涉及自動控(kong)制技(ji)術、傳感檢(jian)(jian)測技(ji)術、機(ji)械維(wei)修及電(dian)(dian)氣(qi)檢(jian)(jian)修技(ji)術等，對(dui)維(wei)修人(ren)員的(de)(de)專(zhuan)業(ye)知(zhi)識(shi)技(ji)能要求極(ji)高。如(ru)果數(shu)控(kong)機(ji)床出現(xian)故(gu)障(zhang)，如(ru)機(ji)械故(gu)障(zhang)、數(shu)控(kong)系(xi)統(tong)(tong)故(gu)障(zhang)、檢(jian)(jian)測系(xi)統(tong)(tong)故(gu)障(zhang)、伺服控(kong)制系(xi)統(tong)(tong)故(gu)障(zhang)等，機(ji)床的(de)(de)加工(gong)(gong)精(jing)(jing)度就會(hui)受到嚴重影響。因此(ci)，必須(xu)對(dui)數(shu)控(kong)機(ji)床技(ji)術人(ren)員進行(xing)(xing)系(xi)統(tong)(tong)的(de)(de)專(zhuan)業(ye)培(pei)(pei)訓(xun)，強(qiang)化(hua)其(qi)安(an)全責任意識(shi)、質量意識(shi)，避免人(ren)為因素(su)(su)影響數(shu)控(kong)加工(gong)(gong)精(jing)(jing)度；定期對(dui)員工(gong)(gong)進行(xing)(xing)職(zhi)業(ye)素(su)(su)養(yang)培(pei)(pei)訓(xun)，培(pei)(pei)養(yang)創新(xin)意識(shi)和工(gong)(gong)匠精(jing)(jing)神，逐(zhu)步提高數(shu)控(kong)技(ji)術人(ren)員的(de)(de)專(zhuan)業(ye)素(su)(su)養(yang)[10]。

3  結語

數(shu)控機(ji)床在現代化(hua)機(ji)械制造(zao)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)線上(shang)得(de)到了廣泛(fan)的(de)(de)應用，具有(you)極高(gao)的(de)(de)加(jia)工(gong)精(jing)度(du)和生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)效(xiao)率(lv)。在數(shu)控加(jia)工(gong)過(guo)程(cheng)中，誤差(cha)是(shi)(shi)無(wu)法避免的(de)(de)，但是(shi)(shi)加(jia)工(gong)誤差(cha)是(shi)(shi)可以通過(guo)技術(shu)措(cuo)施(shi)減小的(de)(de)。通過(guo)分析影(ying)響數(shu)控機(ji)床加(jia)工(gong)精(jing)度(du)的(de)(de)各種(zhong)因素，對可能(neng)產(chan)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)誤差(cha)的(de)(de)原因進行探(tan)究，充分發揮現代機(ji)械加(jia)工(gong)新(xin)技術(shu)的(de)(de)優勢(shi)，提(ti)出有(you)針對性的(de)(de)技術(shu)改(gai)進策(ce)略，可以有(you)效(xiao)地提(ti)高(gao)數(shu)控機(ji)床的(de)(de)整(zheng)體加(jia)工(gong)精(jing)度(du)和產(chan)品質量，提(ti)升企業的(de)(de)綜(zong)合效(xiao)益。

作者：張(zhang)旭霞 李立冰 單位(wei)：新(xin)疆兵團興新(xin)職(zhi)業技(ji)術學院