導語：民間藝術與鄉村文旅景(jing)觀分析一文來源于網友(you)上傳，不代表本站觀點，若需(xu)要原(yuan)創文章(zhang)可咨詢客(ke)服(fu)老(lao)師，歡迎參考。

摘要：陜西民間藝術形式豐富多樣，在悠久的歷史長河中形成了自己獨具特色的藝術表現力，洋溢著陜西人民的生活智慧、文化積淀，是陜西最具代表性的文化形態。陜西鄉村文化旅游景觀是鄉(xiang)村(cun)振(zhen)興的(de)重要因素，在(zai)鄉(xiang)村(cun)振(zhen)興的(de)發展背景下建立陜西特(te)色(se)文(wen)化元素鄉(xiang)村(cun)旅游(you)景觀(guan)(guan)結(jie)構，將陜西民間藝術形(xing)式(shi)與鄉(xiang)村(cun)文(wen)旅景觀(guan)(guan)融合，是宣(xuan)揚陜西特(te)色(se)文(wen)化、建設鄉(xiang)村(cun)生態景觀(guan)(guan)可(ke)持(chi)續發展的(de)重要手段。

關鍵詞：陜西民間藝術；鄉村文旅景觀；設計創新

一、陜西民間藝術

黃河(he)(he)流(liu)域是中(zhong)華民(min)族(zu)文化的搖籃，黃河(he)(he)中(zhong)游的陜西(xi)地區作為曾經(jing)的政治(zhi)、經(jing)濟中(zhong)心(xin)，其(qi)民(min)間藝(yi)術形式十(shi)分豐富。在其(qi)悠(you)久的發展長河(he)(he)中(zhong)，形成(cheng)了自(zi)己獨特的藝(yi)術體系和審美表現，被一代(dai)又一代(dai)的勞動人民(min)積累、創(chuang)新、傳承。陜西(xi)的剪紙、皮影(ying)、泥塑(su)、壁畫、雕塑(su)、花饃、面具等(deng)均在中(zhong)國美術發展史上占(zhan)據重(zhong)要的影(ying)響(xiang)地位，無不彰顯著一輩(bei)又一輩(bei)民(min)間藝(yi)人的才(cai)能與智慧(hui)。

（一）陜西民間(jian)藝術

陜(shan)西文(wen)化(hua)歷史悠久，地域差異顯著，南北狹長(chang)，民俗(su)文(wen)化(hua)、傳統藝術(shu)形式(shi)豐富(fu)絢麗(li)，質樸的民間(jian)藝術(shu)用不(bu)(bu)同的文(wen)化(hua)形式(shi)默(mo)默(mo)講述著陜(shan)西的鄉風民俗(su)傳承和勞動人(ren)民的智慧，其狹長(chang)的地域特色，也形成了(le)陜(shan)南、陜(shan)北、關中(zhong)三地的差異文(wen)化(hua)，是藝術(shu)創作(zuo)、文(wen)化(hua)傳承取之不(bu)(bu)盡用之不(bu)(bu)竭的精華(hua)。

（二）陜西(xi)民間藝術類別

陜(shan)西(xi)(xi)(xi)民(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)間(jian)(jian)(jian)藝(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)術(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)根據(ju)(ju)其地(di)(di)(di)域分(fen)布(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)風(feng)格(ge)迥異，陜(shan)西(xi)(xi)(xi)地(di)(di)(di)域包(bao)(bao)括(kuo)：陜(shan)南地(di)(di)(di)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)、陜(shan)北地(di)(di)(di)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)及(ji)關(guan)中(zhong)(zhong)地(di)(di)(di)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)。陜(shan)南地(di)(di)(di)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)包(bao)(bao)括(kuo)：安(an)(an)(an)康市(shi)(shi)、漢中(zhong)(zhong)市(shi)(shi)、商洛市(shi)(shi)。陜(shan)北地(di)(di)(di)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)包(bao)(bao)括(kuo)：延(yan)(yan)安(an)(an)(an)市(shi)(shi)、榆林市(shi)(shi)。關(guan)中(zhong)(zhong)地(di)(di)(di)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)包(bao)(bao)括(kuo)：西(xi)(xi)(xi)安(an)(an)(an)市(shi)(shi)、寶雞市(shi)(shi)、咸(xian)陽市(shi)(shi)、銅川(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)市(shi)(shi)、渭南市(shi)(shi)、楊(yang)凌區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)。根據(ju)(ju)其地(di)(di)(di)域分(fen)布(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)，陜(shan)西(xi)(xi)(xi)民(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)間(jian)(jian)(jian)藝(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)術(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)式(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)其中(zhong)(zhong)比較(jiao)具(ju)(ju)有代表(biao)(biao)(biao)性的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)有：陜(shan)南地(di)(di)(di)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)安(an)(an)(an)康市(shi)(shi)佛坪縣(xian)(xian)手(shou)(shou)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)彈棉花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)、漢中(zhong)(zhong)市(shi)(shi)寧強(qiang)縣(xian)(xian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)手(shou)(shou)繪(hui)(hui)臉譜、鎮巴縣(xian)(xian)民(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)歌、洋(yang)縣(xian)(xian)貫溪鎮皮(pi)(pi)(pi)(pi)影(ying)(ying)(ying)。陜(shan)北地(di)(di)(di)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)延(yan)(yan)安(an)(an)(an)市(shi)(shi)黃陵(ling)縣(xian)(xian)剪(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)紙(zhi)、洛川(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)縣(xian)(xian)秧歌、延(yan)(yan)川(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)縣(xian)(xian)剪(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)紙(zhi)、富(fu)(fu)縣(xian)(xian)熏(xun)畫(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)、安(an)(an)(an)塞縣(xian)(xian)民(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)歌，榆林市(shi)(shi)清(qing)澗縣(xian)(xian)道情、綏德縣(xian)(xian)秧歌及(ji)石(shi)雕(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)。關(guan)中(zhong)(zhong)地(di)(di)(di)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)寶雞市(shi)(shi)成(cheng)倉區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)社火(huo)(huo)、千陽縣(xian)(xian)刺繡、岐(qi)山縣(xian)(xian)轉鼓(gu)、鳳翔(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)縣(xian)(xian)田家莊木(mu)版年(nian)畫(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)、隴縣(xian)(xian)社火(huo)(huo)，咸(xian)陽市(shi)(shi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)旬邑(yi)縣(xian)(xian)嗩吶、乾縣(xian)(xian)王村鎮轉鼓(gu)，渭南市(shi)(shi)合陽縣(xian)(xian)線(xian)偶(ou)戲、大(da)荔縣(xian)(xian)八魚(yu)鄉面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)、澄(cheng)城縣(xian)(xian)刺繡，銅川(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)市(shi)(shi)印(yin)臺區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)陳爐鎮陶瓷等(deng)(deng)。根據(ju)(ju)其主(zhu)(zhu)要民(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)間(jian)(jian)(jian)藝(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)術(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)式(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)進(jin)行歸納(na)總(zong)結，基本可(ke)以(yi)(yi)分(fen)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)：繪(hui)(hui)畫(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)類(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)民(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)間(jian)(jian)(jian)藝(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)術(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)式(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)、雕(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)塑(su)(su)(su)類(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)民(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)間(jian)(jian)(jian)藝(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)術(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)式(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)、工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)藝(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)類(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)民(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)間(jian)(jian)(jian)藝(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)術(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)式(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)、建(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)類(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)民(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)間(jian)(jian)(jian)藝(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)術(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)式(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)、其他類(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)型(xing)(xing)民(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)間(jian)(jian)(jian)藝(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)術(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)式(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)五大(da)類(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)。1.繪(hui)(hui)畫(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)類(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)民(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)間(jian)(jian)(jian)藝(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)術(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)繪(hui)(hui)畫(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)式(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)在(zai)陜(shan)西(xi)(xi)(xi)民(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)間(jian)(jian)(jian)藝(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)術(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)中(zhong)(zhong)是(shi)(shi)(shi)最(zui)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)常(chang)見(jian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)一(yi)種類(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)型(xing)(xing)，在(zai)不同(tong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)材(cai)(cai)(cai)上(shang)(shang)(shang)，用(yong)(yong)不同(tong)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)具(ju)(ju)施(shi)以(yi)(yi)設(she)色(se)(se)，形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)成(cheng)平面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)主(zhu)(zhu)題(ti)(ti)(ti)作(zuo)品(pin)(pin)。在(zai)陜(shan)西(xi)(xi)(xi)繪(hui)(hui)畫(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)類(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)民(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)間(jian)(jian)(jian)藝(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)術(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)中(zhong)(zhong)比較(jiao)重(zhong)要的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)式(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)有：鳳翔(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)木(mu)版年(nian)畫(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)、延(yan)(yan)川(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)布(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)堆(dui)畫(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)、黃陵(ling)麥(mai)秸(jie)畫(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)、安(an)(an)(an)塞民(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)間(jian)(jian)(jian)繪(hui)(hui)畫(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)、黃陵(ling)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)匠畫(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)、延(yan)(yan)川(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)堆(dui)布(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)畫(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)、澄(cheng)城手(shou)(shou)繪(hui)(hui)畫(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)、富(fu)(fu)縣(xian)(xian)熏(xun)畫(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)、吳起油(you)漆(qi)畫(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)等(deng)(deng)等(deng)(deng)。總(zong)結后(hou)陜(shan)西(xi)(xi)(xi)民(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)間(jian)(jian)(jian)藝(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)術(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)繪(hui)(hui)畫(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)式(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)包(bao)(bao)含：年(nian)畫(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)、農民(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)畫(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)、箱(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)柜畫(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)、民(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)間(jian)(jian)(jian)壁畫(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)、玻(bo)(bo)璃(li)畫(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)、布(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)堆(dui)畫(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)、麥(mai)秸(jie)畫(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)、油(you)漆(qi)畫(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)、熏(xun)畫(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)等(deng)(deng)。（1）年(nian)畫(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)年(nian)畫(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)始于(yu)(yu)門神畫(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)，是(shi)(shi)(shi)陜(shan)西(xi)(xi)(xi)人民(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)喜(xi)聞樂見(jian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)藝(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)術(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)式(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)，具(ju)(ju)有裝(zhuang)飾(shi)作(zuo)用(yong)(yong)，并(bing)蘊含吉祥、喜(xi)慶、祝(zhu)福(fu)寓意(yi)(yi)，其多(duo)(duo)(duo)(duo)用(yong)(yong)木(mu)版印(yin)刷制作(zuo)，設(she)色(se)(se)絢麗(li)豐富(fu)(fu)。明代木(mu)版年(nian)畫(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)《倩女尋梅》設(she)色(se)(se)大(da)膽，色(se)(se)彩(cai)(cai)明快(kuai)活(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)潑，圖中(zhong)(zhong)女性形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)式(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)生(sheng)(sheng)動(dong)(dong)、親切、身形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)纖細(xi)、五官特點明顯、衣(yi)著(zhu)(zhu)華麗(li)，反(fan)映這一(yi)時期人們(men)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)審(shen)美(mei)(mei)(mei)表(biao)(biao)(biao)現(xian)(xian)(xian)，女子手(shou)(shou)提花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)籃，梅花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)生(sheng)(sheng)動(dong)(dong)寫(xie)(xie)實，表(biao)(biao)(biao)達了(le)人們(men)對美(mei)(mei)(mei)好(hao)生(sheng)(sheng)活(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)向(xiang)往。（2）農民(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)畫(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)農民(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)畫(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)屬通(tong)(tong)(tong)俗(su)畫(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)，多(duo)(duo)(duo)(duo)表(biao)(biao)(biao)現(xian)(xian)(xian)農民(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)在(zai)生(sheng)(sheng)活(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)、勞(lao)作(zuo)中(zhong)(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)場景(jing)(jing)，風(feng)格(ge)獨(du)(du)特、繪(hui)(hui)畫(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)手(shou)(shou)法夸張、富(fu)(fu)有濃郁的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)鄉土氣(qi)息(xi)。（3）箱(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)柜畫(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)箱(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)柜是(shi)(shi)(shi)陜(shan)西(xi)(xi)(xi)地(di)(di)(di)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)主(zhu)(zhu)要的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)陪嫁之物(wu)(wu)(wu)，箱(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)柜畫(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)可(ke)分(fen)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)箱(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)柜組合畫(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)、灶臺畫(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)、炕(kang)圍畫(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)、碗架柜畫(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)等(deng)(deng)類(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)型(xing)(xing)。一(yi)般(ban)箱(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)柜上(shang)(shang)(shang)繪(hui)(hui)制獅子、老(lao)虎、梅花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)鹿等(deng)(deng)禽(qin)獸(shou)或(huo)(huo)(huo)花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)卉、松柏等(deng)(deng)植物(wu)(wu)(wu)表(biao)(biao)(biao)現(xian)(xian)(xian)吉祥、美(mei)(mei)(mei)好(hao)、震懾(she)四方之志。（4）民(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)間(jian)(jian)(jian)壁畫(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)民(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)間(jian)(jian)(jian)壁畫(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)多(duo)(duo)(duo)(duo)附(fu)著(zhu)(zhu)于(yu)(yu)建(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)物(wu)(wu)(wu)，與民(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)間(jian)(jian)(jian)建(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)構(gou)成(cheng)一(yi)個整(zheng)體(ti)(ti)，用(yong)(yong)于(yu)(yu)美(mei)(mei)(mei)化(hua)和裝(zhuang)飾(shi)環(huan)境，壁畫(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)也是(shi)(shi)(shi)人類(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)最(zui)早(zao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)繪(hui)(hui)畫(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)式(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)，繪(hui)(hui)畫(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)主(zhu)(zhu)體(ti)(ti)多(duo)(duo)(duo)(duo)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)祈福(fu)、祝(zhu)禱(dao)，題(ti)(ti)(ti)材(cai)(cai)(cai)多(duo)(duo)(duo)(duo)樣。（5）玻(bo)(bo)璃(li)畫(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)玻(bo)(bo)璃(li)畫(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)是(shi)(shi)(shi)在(zai)玻(bo)(bo)璃(li)上(shang)(shang)(shang)設(she)色(se)(se)繪(hui)(hui)畫(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)，利用(yong)(yong)玻(bo)(bo)璃(li)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)通(tong)(tong)(tong)透性，可(ke)在(zai)雙面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)進(jin)行觀賞。玻(bo)(bo)璃(li)畫(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)取(qu)材(cai)(cai)(cai)豐富(fu)(fu)，有風(feng)景(jing)(jing)、花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)鳥、人物(wu)(wu)(wu)等(deng)(deng)，色(se)(se)彩(cai)(cai)明快(kuai)絢麗(li)。（6）布(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)堆(dui)畫(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)布(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)堆(dui)畫(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)又(you)稱為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)布(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)貼畫(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)、摞花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)、撥花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)等(deng)(deng)，表(biao)(biao)(biao)現(xian)(xian)(xian)主(zhu)(zhu)體(ti)(ti)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)勞(lao)動(dong)(dong)人民(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)日(ri)常(chang)生(sheng)(sheng)活(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)和風(feng)俗(su)，其制作(zuo)過(guo)(guo)程(cheng)(cheng)一(yi)般(ban)采(cai)用(yong)(yong)農家自己編織的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)粗布(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)，通(tong)(tong)(tong)過(guo)(guo)高溫染(ran)(ran)織顏(yan)色(se)(se)，再(zai)剪(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)貼而成(cheng)，多(duo)(duo)(duo)(duo)用(yong)(yong)于(yu)(yu)枕(zhen)頭、鞋面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)、錢袋(dai)、煙袋(dai)上(shang)(shang)(shang)進(jin)行裝(zhuang)飾(shi)，表(biao)(biao)(biao)現(xian)(xian)(xian)主(zhu)(zhu)體(ti)(ti)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)民(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)間(jian)(jian)(jian)故(gu)(gu)事、戲曲(qu)場景(jing)(jing)、花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)鳥魚(yu)蟲等(deng)(deng)。（7）麥(mai)秸(jie)畫(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)麥(mai)秸(jie)畫(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)采(cai)用(yong)(yong)小麥(mai)稈，材(cai)(cai)(cai)料(liao)天(tian)然(ran)，設(she)色(se)(se)采(cai)用(yong)(yong)熨燙方法，工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)藝(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)精巧，構(gou)圖靈活(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)，題(ti)(ti)(ti)材(cai)(cai)(cai)主(zhu)(zhu)要為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)人物(wu)(wu)(wu)、建(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)、風(feng)景(jing)(jing)、花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)鳥、動(dong)(dong)物(wu)(wu)(wu)、歷(li)史故(gu)(gu)事等(deng)(deng)。（8）油(you)漆(qi)畫(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)油(you)漆(qi)畫(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)色(se)(se)彩(cai)(cai)冷(leng)暖搭配豐富(fu)(fu)，手(shou)(shou)法寫(xie)(xie)意(yi)(yi)或(huo)(huo)(huo)寫(xie)(xie)實，色(se)(se)彩(cai)(cai)鮮艷(yan)、線(xian)條流暢自然(ran)、形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)象(xiang)(xiang)逼真、構(gou)圖巧妙，主(zhu)(zhu)題(ti)(ti)(ti)多(duo)(duo)(duo)(duo)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)福(fu)祿(lu)壽喜(xi)、吉祥如意(yi)(yi)、五谷豐登及(ji)動(dong)(dong)物(wu)(wu)(wu)山水等(deng)(deng)內容。（9）熏(xun)畫(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)熏(xun)畫(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)是(shi)(shi)(shi)在(zai)傳統碗架云子上(shang)(shang)(shang)形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)成(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)，是(shi)(shi)(shi)剪(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)紙(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)衍(yan)生(sheng)(sheng)藝(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)術(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)式(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)，來源于(yu)(yu)生(sheng)(sheng)活(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)，色(se)(se)彩(cai)(cai)渲(xuan)染(ran)(ran)，裝(zhuang)飾(shi)效果豐富(fu)(fu)、華麗(li)。2.雕(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)塑(su)(su)(su)類(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)民(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)間(jian)(jian)(jian)藝(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)術(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)雕(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)塑(su)(su)(su)類(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)民(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)間(jian)(jian)(jian)藝(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)術(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)包(bao)(bao)括(kuo)：泥(ni)塑(su)(su)(su)、面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)塑(su)(su)(su)、石(shi)雕(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)、木(mu)雕(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)、磚雕(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)等(deng)(deng)藝(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)術(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)式(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)，是(shi)(shi)(shi)雕(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)、刻(ke)(ke)、塑(su)(su)(su)三(san)種創作(zuo)手(shou)(shou)法的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)集合，其制作(zuo)過(guo)(guo)程(cheng)(cheng)中(zhong)(zhong)采(cai)用(yong)(yong)可(ke)塑(su)(su)(su)材(cai)(cai)(cai)料(liao)如泥(ni)土、面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)粉等(deng)(deng)進(jin)行雕(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)刻(ke)(ke)、塑(su)(su)(su)造(zao)(zao)(zao)、設(she)色(se)(se)，創造(zao)(zao)(zao)出的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)作(zuo)品(pin)(pin)三(san)維立(li)體(ti)(ti)，具(ju)(ju)有較(jiao)強(qiang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)空間(jian)(jian)(jian)感，其藝(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)術(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)象(xiang)(xiang)，表(biao)(biao)(biao)現(xian)(xian)(xian)生(sheng)(sheng)活(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)、信仰、審(shen)美(mei)(mei)(mei)等(deng)(deng)。（1）民(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)間(jian)(jian)(jian)泥(ni)塑(su)(su)(su)泥(ni)塑(su)(su)(su)起源于(yu)(yu)陜(shan)西(xi)(xi)(xi)省寶雞市(shi)(shi)鳳翔(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)縣(xian)(xian)，是(shi)(shi)(shi)采(cai)用(yong)(yong)黏(nian)土塑(su)(su)(su)造(zao)(zao)(zao)進(jin)而設(she)色(se)(se)而成(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)民(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)間(jian)(jian)(jian)藝(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)術(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)品(pin)(pin)，以(yi)(yi)人物(wu)(wu)(wu)、動(dong)(dong)物(wu)(wu)(wu)、建(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)、生(sheng)(sheng)活(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)場景(jing)(jing)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)主(zhu)(zhu)要主(zhu)(zhu)題(ti)(ti)(ti)。（2）面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)塑(su)(su)(su)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)塑(su)(su)(su)又(you)稱為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)饃(mo)、面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)人、面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)等(deng)(deng)，是(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)粉、糯(nuo)米粉、澄(cheng)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)、菜油(you)、豆油(you)等(deng)(deng)制作(zuo)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)熟面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)雕(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)塑(su)(su)(su)藝(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)術(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)，主(zhu)(zhu)題(ti)(ti)(ti)多(duo)(duo)(duo)(duo)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)鳥魚(yu)蟲等(deng)(deng)動(dong)(dong)物(wu)(wu)(wu)或(huo)(huo)(huo)人物(wu)(wu)(wu)形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)象(xiang)(xiang)。（3）民(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)間(jian)(jian)(jian)石(shi)雕(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)民(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)間(jian)(jian)(jian)石(shi)雕(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)是(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)石(shi)頭雕(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)刻(ke)(ke)，表(biao)(biao)(biao)現(xian)(xian)(xian)生(sheng)(sheng)活(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)情感審(shen)美(mei)(mei)(mei)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)藝(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)術(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)式(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)，多(duo)(duo)(duo)(duo)以(yi)(yi)生(sheng)(sheng)活(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)需求(qiu)結合，如陜(shan)西(xi)(xi)(xi)炕(kang)頭石(shi)、石(shi)鼓(gu)等(deng)(deng)。（4）民(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)間(jian)(jian)(jian)木(mu)雕(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)民(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)間(jian)(jian)(jian)木(mu)雕(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)或(huo)(huo)(huo)依附(fu)于(yu)(yu)建(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)或(huo)(huo)(huo)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)生(sheng)(sheng)活(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)中(zhong)(zhong)把玩、勞(lao)作(zuo)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)具(ju)(ju)等(deng)(deng)，其雕(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)刻(ke)(ke)形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)式(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)可(ke)分(fen)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)圓雕(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)、根雕(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)、浮雕(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)三(san)大(da)類(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)型(xing)(xing)。（5）民(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)間(jian)(jian)(jian)磚雕(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)民(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)間(jian)(jian)(jian)磚雕(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)是(shi)(shi)(shi)在(zai)青磚上(shang)(shang)(shang)雕(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)刻(ke)(ke)山水、花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)草、人物(wu)(wu)(wu)等(deng)(deng)主(zhu)(zhu)題(ti)(ti)(ti)圖案，用(yong)(yong)于(yu)(yu)建(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)、地(di)(di)(di)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)裝(zhuang)飾(shi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)民(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)間(jian)(jian)(jian)藝(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)術(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)式(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)。3.工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)藝(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)類(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)民(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)間(jian)(jian)(jian)藝(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)術(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)藝(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)類(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)民(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)間(jian)(jian)(jian)藝(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)術(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)式(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)多(duo)(duo)(duo)(duo)樣，與陜(shan)西(xi)(xi)(xi)人們(men)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)日(ri)常(chang)生(sheng)(sheng)活(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)聯(lian)系緊密，其種類(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)包(bao)(bao)括(kuo)：布(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)藝(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)、刺繡、剪(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)紙(zhi)、社火(huo)(huo)臉譜、服飾(shi)、編織物(wu)(wu)(wu)、印(yin)花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)蠟(la)染(ran)(ran)布(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)、瓷器、皮(pi)(pi)(pi)(pi)影(ying)(ying)(ying)、木(mu)偶(ou)等(deng)(deng)。（1）布(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)藝(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)與刺繡布(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)藝(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)是(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)各(ge)種布(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)料(liao)采(cai)用(yong)(yong)剪(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)裁、縫制、粘貼等(deng)(deng)制作(zuo)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)藝(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)進(jin)行表(biao)(biao)(biao)現(xian)(xian)(xian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)民(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)間(jian)(jian)(jian)藝(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)術(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)式(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)，布(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)藝(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)依托(tuo)于(yu)(yu)鳳翔(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)民(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)俗(su)而產生(sheng)(sheng)，造(zao)(zao)(zao)型(xing)(xing)或(huo)(huo)(huo)雅致或(huo)(huo)(huo)趣(qu)味，色(se)(se)彩(cai)(cai)明快(kuai)。（2）剪(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)紙(zhi)剪(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)紙(zhi)是(shi)(shi)(shi)在(zai)彩(cai)(cai)紙(zhi)上(shang)(shang)(shang)用(yong)(yong)剪(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)刀、刻(ke)(ke)刀等(deng)(deng)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)具(ju)(ju)，剪(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)刻(ke)(ke)出圖案的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)藝(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)術(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)表(biao)(biao)(biao)現(xian)(xian)(xian)形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)式(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)，主(zhu)(zhu)題(ti)(ti)(ti)多(duo)(duo)(duo)(duo)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)節慶、婚慶、生(sheng)(sheng)活(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)場景(jing)(jing)、民(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)俗(su)活(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)動(dong)(dong)等(deng)(deng)，一(yi)般(ban)寓意(yi)(yi)美(mei)(mei)(mei)好(hao)，體(ti)(ti)現(xian)(xian)(xian)對生(sheng)(sheng)活(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)美(mei)(mei)(mei)好(hao)向(xiang)往，多(duo)(duo)(duo)(duo)以(yi)(yi)紅色(se)(se)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)主(zhu)(zhu)。（3）社火(huo)(huo)臉譜社火(huo)(huo)是(shi)(shi)(shi)陜(shan)西(xi)(xi)(xi)民(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)間(jian)(jian)(jian)藝(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)術(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)活(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)動(dong)(dong)形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)式(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)，多(duo)(duo)(duo)(duo)在(zai)祭(ji)祀、節慶上(shang)(shang)(shang)舉行的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)各(ge)種表(biao)(biao)(biao)演(yan)(yan)活(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)動(dong)(dong)，意(yi)(yi)于(yu)(yu)祈求(qiu)、祝(zhu)禱(dao)。社火(huo)(huo)臉譜保留著(zhu)(zhu)周朝文化(hua)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)遺跡，藝(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)術(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)表(biao)(biao)(biao)現(xian)(xian)(xian)自成(cheng)體(ti)(ti)系，社火(huo)(huo)臉譜色(se)(se)彩(cai)(cai)明快(kuai)、線(xian)條流暢、圖案強(qiang)烈，既有對比又(you)十分(fen)協調統一(yi)，表(biao)(biao)(biao)達了(le)原始、自由之意(yi)(yi)。（4）皮(pi)(pi)(pi)(pi)影(ying)(ying)(ying)陜(shan)西(xi)(xi)(xi)皮(pi)(pi)(pi)(pi)影(ying)(ying)(ying)是(shi)(shi)(shi)皮(pi)(pi)(pi)(pi)影(ying)(ying)(ying)戲的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)演(yan)(yan)繹工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)具(ju)(ju)，多(duo)(duo)(duo)(duo)用(yong)(yong)秦川(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)黃牛皮(pi)(pi)(pi)(pi)制作(zuo)，施(shi)以(yi)(yi)天(tian)然(ran)染(ran)(ran)料(liao)設(she)色(se)(se)，多(duo)(duo)(duo)(duo)表(biao)(biao)(biao)現(xian)(xian)(xian)人物(wu)(wu)(wu)、動(dong)(dong)物(wu)(wu)(wu)，通(tong)(tong)(tong)過(guo)(guo)燈光照射隔(ge)亮(liang)布(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)投(tou)影(ying)(ying)(ying)表(biao)(biao)(biao)現(xian)(xian)(xian)，配上(shang)(shang)(shang)傳統曲(qu)目，由藝(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)人操作(zuo)演(yan)(yan)繹，是(shi)(shi)(shi)喜(xi)聞樂見(jian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)傳統表(biao)(biao)(biao)演(yan)(yan)形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)式(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)。4.建(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)類(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)民(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)間(jian)(jian)(jian)藝(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)術(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)建(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)類(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)民(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)間(jian)(jian)(jian)藝(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)術(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)作(zuo)品(pin)(pin)多(duo)(duo)(duo)(duo)是(shi)(shi)(shi)指(zhi)在(zai)傳統民(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)居及(ji)民(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)間(jian)(jian)(jian)廟宇、宗教類(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)建(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)中(zhong)(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)藝(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)術(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)裝(zhuang)飾(shi)，如傳統木(mu)建(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)中(zhong)(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)雕(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)梁畫(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)棟，多(duo)(duo)(duo)(duo)寓意(yi)(yi)美(mei)(mei)(mei)好(hao)，設(she)色(se)(se)質樸。廟宇建(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)式(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)有：地(di)(di)(di)宮、清(qing)真寺、佛塔、寶塔、寺廟等(deng)(deng)形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)式(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)。5.其他類(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)型(xing)(xing)民(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)間(jian)(jian)(jian)藝(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)術(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)其他類(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)型(xing)(xing)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)民(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)間(jian)(jian)(jian)藝(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)術(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)式(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)是(shi)(shi)(shi)沒有明確分(fen)類(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)藝(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)術(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)式(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)，如：捏面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)人、糖(tang)畫(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)、糖(tang)人等(deng)(deng)形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)式(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)。捏面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)人已(yi)有300余年(nian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)發展歷(li)史，是(shi)(shi)(shi)采(cai)用(yong)(yong)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)粉類(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)原料(liao)，揉(rou)制、雕(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)刻(ke)(ke)、施(shi)色(se)(se)創作(zuo)而成(cheng)，題(ti)(ti)(ti)材(cai)(cai)(cai)豐富(fu)(fu)，通(tong)(tong)(tong)常(chang)表(biao)(biao)(biao)現(xian)(xian)(xian)各(ge)類(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)神話(hua)故(gu)(gu)事、戲劇演(yan)(yan)繹、歷(li)史故(gu)(gu)事里的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)人物(wu)(wu)(wu)或(huo)(huo)(huo)動(dong)(dong)物(wu)(wu)(wu)，深受百姓喜(xi)愛。畫(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)糖(tang)人、吹(chui)糖(tang)人是(shi)(shi)(shi)采(cai)用(yong)(yong)糖(tang)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)材(cai)(cai)(cai)料(liao)融化(hua)創作(zuo)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)藝(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)術(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)作(zuo)品(pin)(pin)，題(ti)(ti)(ti)材(cai)(cai)(cai)與面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)人類(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)似，造(zao)(zao)(zao)型(xing)(xing)生(sheng)(sheng)動(dong)(dong)、飽(bao)滿(man)，線(xian)條流暢，風(feng)格(ge)獨(du)(du)特。

二、陜西鄉村文旅景觀現狀

陜西省鄉村(cun)資源(yuan)豐(feng)富，具有悠久(jiu)的鄉村(cun)文化(hua)傳(chuan)承，生態(tai)景觀資源(yuan)豐(feng)富，且鄉村(cun)旅(lv)游起步較早，但缺乏生態(tai)景觀設計特(te)(te)色，沒(mei)有展示(shi)出陜西悠久(jiu)博厚的人文特(te)(te)色，因(yin)此將陜西民間藝術與(yu)鄉村(cun)文旅(lv)景觀進行融(rong)合創新，是陜西鄉村(cun)振興的新思路。

（一）陜(shan)西(xi)鄉村分(fen)布

陜西省由于地域狹長，生態景觀差異較大，至2021年(nian)陜西省的鄉(xiang)(xiang)村(cun)旅(lv)(lv)(lv)游示范縣共(gong)有10個，鄉(xiang)(xiang)村(cun)旅(lv)(lv)(lv)游重點(dian)村(cun)落34個，鄉(xiang)(xiang)村(cun)民宿千余家，陜西鄉(xiang)(xiang)村(cun)發展(zhan)指數位居全(quan)國第(di)二，袁(yuan)家村(cun)為(wei)全(quan)國特色鄉(xiang)(xiang)村(cun)之首(shou)，由鄉(xiang)(xiang)村(cun)旅(lv)(lv)(lv)游發展(zhan)帶動了當地就業及經(jing)濟發展(zhan)。陜西省2015—2019年(nian)鄉(xiang)(xiang)村(cun)旅(lv)(lv)(lv)游人數及旅(lv)(lv)(lv)游收(shou)入(ru)(ru)呈直線上升(sheng)趨(qu)勢。2015年(nian)旅(lv)(lv)(lv)游人次(ci)1.3億(yi)，產(chan)生旅(lv)(lv)(lv)游收(shou)入(ru)(ru)約為(wei)210億(yi)元。但(dan)到了2019年(nian)旅(lv)(lv)(lv)游人次(ci)達2.9億(yi)，產(chan)生旅(lv)(lv)(lv)游收(shou)入(ru)(ru)約為(wei)465億(yi)元。2020年(nian)后受疫情影響略有下降。

（二）陜西鄉村文旅(lv)景觀存在問(wen)題

1.鄉(xiang)(xiang)村旅(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)游(you)開(kai)發數(shu)量(liang)增(zeng)多(duo)(duo)但(dan)(dan)質(zhi)量(liang)下降(jiang)陜(shan)西(xi)(xi)鄉(xiang)(xiang)村旅(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)游(you)數(shu)量(liang)發展(zhan)迅猛(meng)，但(dan)(dan)質(zhi)量(liang)不(bu)(bu)(bu)高(gao)，并(bing)且旅(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)游(you)結(jie)(jie)(jie)構(gou)雷同，產(chan)品同化(hua)。陜(shan)西(xi)(xi)鄉(xiang)(xiang)村旅(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)游(you)從(cong)農(nong)家(jia)樂起步，主要形式是農(nong)戶用自(zi)家(jia)閑(xian)置房屋、院落打造吃住玩鄉(xiang)(xiang)村民(min)(min)宿。由(you)于生態(tai)(tai)景觀(guan)影響力，數(shu)目(mu)呈階(jie)梯遞增(zeng)，但(dan)(dan)質(zhi)量(liang)提升緩慢，形式雷同，相互(hu)抄(chao)襲，無(wu)(wu)創新無(wu)(wu)特(te)色(se)，形式刻板，千篇一(yi)律，對(dui)游(you)客的吸引力降(jiang)低。2.重視經濟效(xiao)益忽視生態(tai)(tai)景觀(guan)特(te)色(se)陜(shan)西(xi)(xi)省目(mu)前開(kai)發的鄉(xiang)(xiang)村旅(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)游(you)景觀(guan)多(duo)(duo)為(wei)山區或平(ping)原地(di)區，生態(tai)(tai)結(jie)(jie)(jie)構(gou)脆(cui)弱(ruo)(ruo)，由(you)于早(zao)期鄉(xiang)(xiang)村旅(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)游(you)多(duo)(duo)為(wei)個(ge)體發展(zhan)，對(dui)生態(tai)(tai)景觀(guan)保(bao)護意識不(bu)(bu)(bu)足(zu)，開(kai)發、改造過度(du)，污染(ran)、破壞(huai)生態(tai)(tai)景觀(guan)情況較為(wei)普遍(bian)。3.對(dui)于生態(tai)(tai)景觀(guan)資(zi)(zi)源發展(zhan)定位不(bu)(bu)(bu)準確陜(shan)西(xi)(xi)鄉(xiang)(xiang)村旅(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)游(you)特(te)色(se)資(zi)(zi)源豐富，如紅色(se)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)化(hua)、民(min)(min)俗文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)化(hua)等(deng)，但(dan)(dan)鄉(xiang)(xiang)村旅(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)游(you)產(chan)業融合(he)、經濟文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)化(hua)融合(he)意識缺(que)乏(fa)，所以多(duo)(duo)數(shu)鄉(xiang)(xiang)村旅(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)游(you)結(jie)(jie)(jie)構(gou)僅(jin)停留在(zai)住宿、農(nong)家(jia)飯(fan)、垂釣、桌牌游(you)戲、特(te)產(chan)銷(xiao)售等(deng)，發展(zhan)層次不(bu)(bu)(bu)高(gao)，景觀(guan)結(jie)(jie)(jie)構(gou)不(bu)(bu)(bu)清晰(xi)。因為(wei)鄉(xiang)(xiang)村旅(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)游(you)起步為(wei)農(nong)家(jia)樂，導致許多(duo)(duo)鄉(xiang)(xiang)村基礎設(she)施配套不(bu)(bu)(bu)完善，景觀(guan)功能結(jie)(jie)(jie)構(gou)無(wu)(wu)規律，旅(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)游(you)體驗感不(bu)(bu)(bu)足(zu)。4.陜(shan)西(xi)(xi)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)化(hua)宣傳力度(du)薄弱(ruo)(ruo)陜(shan)西(xi)(xi)歷史文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)化(hua)深厚、民(min)(min)俗文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)化(hua)無(wu)(wu)不(bu)(bu)(bu)包(bao)含了陜(shan)西(xi)(xi)人民(min)(min)的生活(huo)智慧和生活(huo)態(tai)(tai)度(du)，但(dan)(dan)是多(duo)(duo)數(shu)鄉(xiang)(xiang)村旅(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)游(you)沒(mei)有凸顯出陜(shan)西(xi)(xi)特(te)色(se)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)化(hua)，沒(mei)有將陜(shan)西(xi)(xi)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)化(hua)進行更好的宣傳，樹(shu)立自(zi)身(shen)特(te)色(se)。因此，將陜(shan)西(xi)(xi)民(min)(min)間藝術形式與陜(shan)西(xi)(xi)鄉(xiang)(xiang)村旅(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)游(you)生態(tai)(tai)景觀(guan)結(jie)(jie)(jie)合(he)設(she)計(ji)，在(zai)旅(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)游(you)中潛(qian)移(yi)默化(hua)地(di)宣傳，樹(shu)立陜(shan)西(xi)(xi)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)化(hua)形象，培養(yang)地(di)區文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)化(hua)自(zi)豪(hao)感。

三、陜西民間藝術與鄉村文旅景觀建設共融的方式探究

（一）探索(suo)陜西民間藝術(shu)文脈(mo)，指導豐富鄉村旅(lv)游(you)景觀形態設(she)計

陜(shan)西(xi)民(min)間(jian)藝(yi)術是陜(shan)西(xi)文化的(de)(de)瑰寶，藝(yi)術形(xing)式豐富(fu)，文化內涵(han)深(shen)厚，是人民(min)群(qun)眾喜(xi)聞樂見(jian)的(de)(de)藝(yi)術形(xing)式，將(jiang)陜(shan)西(xi)民(min)間(jian)藝(yi)術形(xing)態進(jin)(jin)行(xing)歸納(na)總(zong)結(jie)，對形(xing)象(xiang)圖形(xing)進(jin)(jin)行(xing)提煉、對文化內涵(han)進(jin)(jin)行(xing)歸納(na)總(zong)結(jie)，結(jie)合現代社(she)會審(shen)美意識，融入景觀創新(xin)設計之(zhi)中，讓陜(shan)西(xi)生(sheng)態景觀和陜(shan)西(xi)傳統文化都(dou)以質樸和創新(xin)的(de)(de)獨(du)特形(xing)式共同展示陜(shan)西(xi)新(xin)風(feng)貌。

（二）重視(shi)生態(tai)景觀保護，合(he)理規(gui)劃鄉村旅(lv)游(you)景觀環境，完善基礎配套(tao)

良好的(de)生(sheng)態(tai)景觀環(huan)境(jing)是鄉村(cun)文化(hua)旅(lv)游發(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)的(de)基石，綠水青(qing)山(shan)就是金山(shan)銀山(shan)，因此陜(shan)西鄉村(cun)文旅(lv)景觀建(jian)設(she)因以綠色發(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)、持續發(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)為目標，堅持生(sheng)態(tai)景觀文明建(jian)設(she)，以優美、健康的(de)生(sheng)態(tai)景觀環(huan)境(jing)展(zhan)(zhan)示(shi)陜(shan)西悠久的(de)文化(hua)精神、民風(feng)民俗，打造鄉村(cun)旅(lv)游持續的(de)發(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)力。

（三）培育藝術(shu)設計人(ren)(ren)才(cai)，為鄉(xiang)村旅(lv)游(you)生態景(jing)觀發展(zhan)提供人(ren)(ren)才(cai)保障(zhang)

鄉村旅游(you)(you)生態景觀的(de)持續發(fa)展(zhan)及陜西民間藝術文化(hua)創新延續，需要(yao)專業人(ren)才不斷(duan)深(shen)入研究。因此，對(dui)于藝術設(she)計(ji)人(ren)才的(de)培養是十分關鍵的(de)，需要(yao)將創新意識滲透到專業學習(xi)中，為鄉村旅游(you)(you)生態發(fa)展(zhan)提供(gong)持續的(de)人(ren)才保障。

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作者(zhe)：齊(qi)夢(meng)珂 王燕 李菲(fei) 單位(wei)：西安思源學(xue)院(yuan)